Islam is one of world religions, and Buddhism, Christianity, and called the world's three major religions. China, formerly known as big to eat big food education degrees, the day side to teach Islam, back and forth to teach, Islam and so on. Islamic (a1 an Islam), Department of Arabic transliteration, meaning "obedient" and "peaceful" means obedience and faith dominate the universe, the highest unique and the will of Allah, in order to achieve world peace and tranquility of the two. Islam, who collectively referred to as "Muslim" (Muslim, meaning "those who obey"). The rise in the early 7th century Arabia, Muhammad from Mecca (about 570 to 632) created by mass. Main mode of transmission in Asia, Africa, to West Asia, North Africa, West Africa, Central Asia, the South Asian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, the most prevalent. After World War II in Western Europe, North America, Australia and South America some areas there are different levels of communication and development of the region's fastest growing religion. So far it own Hing 1300 years of history, as a religion, ideology and a cultural system, introduced around the world after the interaction with the local traditional culture and integration, in different historical conditions, the Many state and national social development, political structure, economic structure, culture, customs, ethics, way of life have undergone a different extent. The end of 2008, the world population about 60 million, there are 1.2 billion Muslims of Islam, distributed in 204 countries, accounting for 19.6% of the world's population. More than 40 Islamic countries in Asia, Africa, Muslims account for most of the country's total population. In more than 30 countries, Islam was designated as the state religion. In modern times, Islamic countries and Muslim peoples in the international political life, playing increasingly important role. In 2008, a total of about 1.5 billion Muslims around the world. Although they spread all over the world, nationality, race, color, and language vary, but common abide by acting on an ancient doctrine that the universe is only one master - "Allah", and in accordance with their understanding, follows the "Koran "doctrine. Islam was founded shortly introduced to China. According to the "Min-book" records, "(Muhammad) has four of his disciples Big Yin, Tang Takenori in to the DPRK, then missionary to China. A missionary Xian, Guangzhou, Xian missionary Yangzhou two, three Yin, four Yin Quanzhou missionary." Islamic Education founder Mohammed once said: "If you have two loaves of bread, you want to use one enchant a piece of Narcissus," his words inspired the majority of Muslims, the desire for knowledge. From the seventh century, Arab Muslims arrived in China along the sea lines of communication, trade or travel, spread Islam. Al-Aqsa Mosque
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Chong Hing History
And before the Islamic Islam is the Arabian Peninsula, social, economic, political and religious development of the inevitable product of evolution. 6 end of the century to the early 7th century, the Arabian Peninsula is in the original tribal disintegration, formation of class society, the great period of change. Differences in the peninsula due to the natural environment, socio-economic and political development is extremely uneven. Residents living mainly nomadic Bedouins, nomadic, tribes divided into many clans, tribes of the far side of the clan, often competing with each other pastures, water, land and the outbreak of war, blood revenge prevail. Years of war to social unrest, production stagnated, increasing class differentiation within the clan, tribal aristocracy came into being, they occupy a large number of oases and grasslands, with many slaves and livestock, and a large number of nomads on the brink of bankruptcy. Peninsula along the Red Sea coast Xigu Zi (Han Dynasty) region, has always been East and West trade, an important commercial hub. Located in the center of the ancient north-south trade routes to Mecca, due to the development of cross-border trade and benefit from thriving business town.麦加古莱什 tribal nobles in charge of the commercial center of polytheistic worship Kaaba temple management power, each of worship from the Kaaba temple fair trade, to seek significant revenue, the monopoly of the Mecca's commercial trade. The town's business elite together with the nomadic tribes of the aristocracy, through the operator team, the slave trade, loan sharking and other means of profiteering on the urban poor and farmers and herdsmen to usury, the large number of small business bankruptcy, the debtor become commercial aristocracy, resulting in increased class antagonism, social and economic crisis everywhere. Arab foreign aggression and changes in the traditional trade routes, increasing the Peninsula economic crisis and social conflicts. Two Byzantine and Persian empires, the competition for and control of Arab trade routes, to plunder the peninsula for a long war. 525 years, the support of Ethiopian troops in the Byzantine occupation of Yemen. 570 years in Yemen, Ethiopia invaded the Governor of Mecca shuaibing Raha Brod; en route to the retreat by the plague, but the war destroyed the local social life. 575, the Persian troops Zhuzou Ethiopians in Yemen established the rule. Frequent war and looting, the Arab community in southern economic havoc, barren land, irrigation works were destroyed, roads flooded, business travel is not the former, the population dropped, so that the rapid decline of the affluent areas of Yemen. Meanwhile, the Persian East and the West to monopolize trade, abolished by the Peninsula, Yemen, western red originally reached the Syrian coast trade routes, open another one by the Persian Gulf and Mesopotamia to reach the Mediterranean trade routes. Changes in trade routes, resulting in a peninsula in the southern and western economic recession, Mecca, Medina and other towns in a sharp decline in transit trade, business aristocracy income plummeted, and many rely on caravan Bedouin living way out and cut off city residents , thus deepening the social crisis. Before the rise of Islam, the Arabs of the peninsula on the main primitive religious beliefs, I believe in animism and the immortality of the soul, the prevalence of nature, animals and plants, ancestors, spirit and belief in many gods and worship idols. One lats (the sun god), Wuzha (ie God Almighty) and Mo it (that is, the fate of God), especially by the three goddess worship. Kaaba Mecca center of the city has more than 360 temples dedicated to respect the tribal idol of God, their worship, prayer, sacrifice. Believe in a God of Judaism and Christianity have long passed the peninsula, in Yemen and some areas popular urban and agricultural areas, the concept of one God, classic, legends, rituals have significant impact on Islam. Judaism and Christianity for social change not meet the needs of the Arab, has not been widely disseminated. Monotheistic religions in the Arab concept of social change and under the influence of the Arabs to monotheism from the polytheistic faith belief transition, resulting in a tendency Hanif God sent. They recognize the One God, against idolatry, I believe that destiny, resurrection, punishment and retribution, practice good personal seclusion, living a life of abstinence. Hanif thought became a pioneer in Islamic thought and intermediaries. The birth of Islam The revival of Islam, who was born in Mecca Muhammad the Hashemite family, tribe Gulai Shi. Orphaned at an early age, raised by a grandfather and uncle. According to Arab custom of childhood mother sent him to the Bedouin tribes raising approach to life to learn patience, during which he had been an angel Ripper legend. According to recorded history of Islam: he is illiterate. Childhood restricted to the grazing, the age of 12 to follow his uncle and business team, went to Syria, Palestine and the Mediterranean along the east coast of doing business, and have extensive contacts and witnessed the Arabian Peninsula and Syria's social situation, understand the peninsula primitive religion, Judaism, Christianity the case for his missionary activities was a lot of social knowledge and religious material. At age 25 he was the rich widow of Mecca with the employer Hedi Che marry rich life and stability, increasing social status. He later sent by Hanif thinking, often reclusive Qianxiu, think and explore the plight of the Arab nation out of the way out. According to legend, 610 years, 40 years old the day Muhammad, when he was in Mecca suburban Sheila Hill qianxiu meditation cave, God sent the angel Gabriel to him to convey gamma "revelation" to the "ordered for the holy." Since then, he claimed that Allah accepted to give the "mission" and began the last 23 years the activities of the spread of Islam. At first, a secret mission in Mecca, some relatives and close friends to become the first believer. In 612, Muhammad to a public mission to Mecca, the general public. Muhammad in the early missionaries, warned people to abandon polytheism and idolatry, declaring that Allah is the creator of everything in the universe, is the only god, Allah, asking people to believe in the unique; condemned polytheism to the Arab bring the ignorance and moral degeneration, preaching Doomsday, and the concept of resurrection after death, warning of the polytheists if not pledge allegiance to Allah, will be punished at the end of the trial, fall into Hell, Allah will be in submission rewarded later, into heaven. He also raised the clan, regardless of where the Muslim tribes, are all brothers should join together to eliminate blood revenge, and made prohibited usury, the good deeds of charity and kindness relief vulnerable widows and orphans, the release of slaves and a series of social reforms advocated by some lower support of the masses, many people have return to Islam. Mohammed preached the doctrine of tribal fundamentally shaken the status of traditional polytheism, nobles and wealthy merchants violated 麦加古莱什 Kaaba in charge of the religious privileges and economic interests, but also violated the part of the lower masses and more God, faith, and therefore these people were part of the lower masses and even the strong opposition and persecution, Muhammad and Muslims to gain a foothold in Mecca. Arab girls 622 in September, with the Mecca Muhammad Muslim migration to Medina, marking the history of Islam into a new stage of development. Mohammed Muslim leaders of the political, economic, religious and a series of reforms. Muhammad Islam as the first to the ideological banner of unity and solidarity, calling for Muslims to "obey Allah and His Messenger," and sent to Medina subglottic disciples of all the Arab tribes to preach, the vast majority of local residents will soon return to Islam Education. He worked as Muslims and Jews in dealing with internal and external relations of civil abide by the "Charter of Medina" in the freedom of belief and association on the basis of the Jewish tribes with some agreement, the implementation of peaceful coexistence. In the realization of the unity of Medina after the common faith of Islam instead of tribal blood ties, the establishment of a "Umma" (meaning "nation", "State") is in the form of the theocratic regime, Mohammad De Medina became religious, political, military and judicial supreme leader. Abu Bakr, Umar, Osman and some well-known composition of the upper St. Disciples leadership. "Where Muslims are brothers," the call, will move with disabilities and secondary disabilities rally around Uma. Muhammad to Allah "revelation" in the name of the Islamic system and the completion of the system created. He believed in complete independence to establish a belief in Allah as the core of the five program; provides for the five Muslim must fulfill the destiny and instrument lessons; developed including religious canon, civil, criminal, commercial, military and other aspects of the legal system ; identified by Zhiwu promote good behavior at the core of a series of norms and social ethics. To consolidate political power in Medina, Muhammad organized the Muslim militants. In the "fight for the way of Allah," the call, in 624-627 years, he led the nobles of Mecca for the Muslim armed with the famous Battle of Badr, Wu Hou De trench war battle and the three major campaigns against Mecca nobility of your heart and since then, Muslims from the defensive to offensive strategy. 628, Hajj Muhammad to the ground, marched to the outskirts of Mecca, Mecca nobles were forced to compromise with Mohammed signed the "Treaty Hou on behalf of Shakespeare," 10-year truce between the parties. Mohammed used the truce time on the peninsula to neighboring countries and some Arab tribes sent envoys to carry credentials, the king and the tribal leaders to their advocacy of Islam, in order to expand its influence, while sending the armed crusade against Hai Baer and other places inhabited by the Jews to eliminate harassment of opposition. The unity of the Arabian Peninsula 630, for breach of contract as Mecca, Muhammad led the Muslim army of thousands of people, advancing under the city of Mecca, Mecca, headed by Abu Su Fuyang Qingjiang nobles were forced to accept Islam, and to recognize Muhammad the status of the Prophet Muhammad, Mecca, the city announced that residents return to Islam. After entering Mecca, Muhammad ordered the destruction of all idols Kaaba inside the hall, leaving only the black meteorite, and changed the house for the mosque, the Kaaba, the Kaaba was declared off-limits. Since then, the Kaaba of Mecca Muslim world towards the worship and pilgrimage center. 631 at the end of the peninsula have been owned by the tribes to Islam, Muhammad as the leader position, basically to achieve political unity of the Arabian Peninsula. In March 632, Muhammad rate of 10 million Muslims to Mecca for a pilgrimage through the reforms, known as the "farewell pilgrimage." Hajj Muhammad personally established a series of ceremonies, followed by a later example of the Muslim pilgrimage. He delivered a speech Cichao to Allah "revelation" in the name, announced the victory of Islam pass record, "I have chosen Islam as your religion", stressed the solidarity and unity among Muslims importance. 6 June the same year (Islamic calendar 11 years March 12) Muhammad died in Medina. So far, Islam has become dominant in the peninsula, religious, spiritual pillar of the Arab nation, has opened a new chapter in Arab history.
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Communication and Development
Distribution of Muslim population Islam from the Arab region, the development of the religion of a single multi-ethnic faith into a worldwide religion, is Arab-Islamic countries through continued foreign expansion, business contacts, cultural exchanges, sent missionaries around the world and widely disseminated a variety of ways such as results. 632 years after the death of Muhammad, Islam into the "big four Caliphs period", with a unified Arab conquest, Islam spread to areas outside the peninsula, known as the "pioneering era of Islam." 661 onwards, into the Arab Islamic Empire, after the Umayyad and Abbasid dynasty, across Asia, Africa, Europe and across three continents, Islam became the dominant religious empire; unprecedented economic and cultural prosperity of the academic and development, known as the "heyday of the Islamic Development." Mid-13th century with the alien invasion, the Empire's eastern and western many independent local separatist dynasty, the Arab Empire disintegrated. The late Middle Ages, the Islamic world side by side with the Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal Empire, three; which the Ottoman empire and the greatest impact. Called the "spread of Islam during the third largest." After the middle of the 18th century, Western colonialists have invaded the Islamic world, many countries have gradually reduced to a colonial and semi-colonial. Islamic peoples of the world in the "jihad" and under the banner of religious movements, many _set_ off against the national struggle against colonial oppression, a heavy blow to the colonialists. After World War II, the Islamic countries have been independent, roughly the pattern of the formation of the Islamic world today. Islam spread in various historical periods and development, with different characteristics. Four caliphs (632 ~ 661) times. 632 years after Mohammed's death, by his - the door closest disciples Abu Bakr, Umar, Osman, Ali has inherited his career, called "Caliph" (meaning messenger of Allah successor). Four caliph ruling 30 years, the dissemination and development of Islam has made a significant contribution. During the administration of Abu Kerr White, calm in southern Yemen, leaf linen wheat, wool and Bahrain Hada La East to false prophets Tulai Ha, Musailimai, Saijia He (female) headed by the armed rebellion launched, conquer the apostates, the re-unified the Arabian Peninsula, consolidated power in Medina. At the same time built a strong army, began to Foreign campaign and expansion. Umar came to power, by the Persian, Byzantine years of war forces weakening of the machine, has conquered Syria, Palestine, Iraq, Persia, Egypt and other places, and to take those who return to Islam exempt from poll tax policy to attract are many inhabitants of the land conquered change Bong Islam, the Islamic world into a multi-ethnic religious beliefs. He initially established the country's administrative system, judicial system, military system, land allocation system and the pension system for years. He also developed Islamic calendar, to 622 on July 16 as the Annals of the New Year, to mark the migration of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina this important historical event. Ottoman power, to continue west to conquer North Africa, captured Boer Ke, Tripoli, Carthage; in the east conquered Armenia, Persia and again put down a rebellion in Khorasan region, expeditionary force in Central Asia to Ahmedabad Jorge, Kabul, and gamma Essenes, and many residents of these areas to promote change sake of the child in Islam. For the unity of Islamic thought, religious guidance and legislation, in Abu. Bakr compiled when the "Koran" on the basis of the original manuscripts, the collection again, repeated control, nuclear formulation and research, as codified in the final version of the Ottoman "Koran "for Islam and Arabic spread to the world provides a classic basis. Ali to power, due to the caliph of Islam compete for top leadership positions of power struggle and further intensified, leading to civil war between Muslims, there were camels of the war, the war and the Nahe La Sui Fen million campaign, there has been political opposition to each other factions, then, political and religious ideology of Islam caught in the split. 661 years after the assassination of Ali, the four caliphs end of the period, followed by the sky's is the era of the family dynasty in power. Umayyad dynasty (661 ~ 750) times .661, by the Umayyad family of origin Mu'awiyah (600 ~ 680) are created, capital Damascus. Dynasty stabilize the situation and the power of brutal repression against the dissidents, from the mid-7th century, the continued large-scale outward expansion. In the east, along the Persian advance, has occupied Afghanistan and northwestern India, then conquered Transcaucasia, control of most parts of Central Asia, the forces directly to the Pamirs. In the west, the first occupation of Carthage, after the conquest of the Maghreb region, eliminated the remnants of the Byzantine forces in North Africa, Berbers accepted Islam. 711 to the main Berber people of the Arab armies, through the Strait of Gibraltar attacking the Kingdom of Spain, Visigoths, occupied most parts of the Pyrenees Peninsula, pass Ruxinanou Islam. 732 years, the Arab armies attacked Gaul (now the French Republic) southwest of the withdrawal after the defeat of the Pyrenees to the south of the spread of Islam to the West, then stop here. The mid-8th century, the territory east from the Indian River, west of the Atlantic, the northern boundary of the Aral Sea, south to the Nile, as across Asia, Africa, Europe and three continents empire. In politics; to change the electoral system of the caliphate hereditary system, so caliphate feudal state into a monarchy. In the economic migration of new nomadic Arabs began to conquer the region, _set_tled by the nomadic turn; engaged in farming and business. Packet of land, a unified monetary system, improve the tax, the further development of the feudal system. In the cultural, legal Arabic dynasty official and common language throughout, and promote the wide dissemination of the Arabic. Absorption of the conquered territories, including Greece, Byzantium, Persia, India and other places in the advanced science and culture began to form multi-ethnic, "the Arabic Islamic culture." In religion, to take relief poll tax, the recruitment of military and other policies to encourage pagans to change instructions from Islam. Built around the mosque in the solemn, as the center of religious activities and education, notably Damascus Umayyad Mosque, Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem, Kairouan's Olger White Mosque, along with religious schools, encomienda a Wake Fu lot of land. The "Koran" and Hadith legislation sent to the various judges and mass education teacher, the auspices of the judiciary and religious activities. Reflect the political and religious ideological struggle of the various factions have appeared. Shiite and other factions to form. The late dynasty, the rulers exacting, corrupt court life, various social contradictions become increasingly sharp, and the Shiite faction Hawa many Jubing Liji resistance around the outbreak of large-scale popular uprising. 750 Abu Muslim of Khorasan Dynasty was overthrown by the uprising leadership. By Mohammed's uncle Abbas won the descendants of Yi Bua Abbasid caliph status, the establishment of the Abbasid dynasty. Abbasid dynasty (750 ~ 1258) period. 750 years from the Yi Bua Abbas (722 ~ 754) are created, capital Baghdad. Politically, the Caliph himself as "the shadow of Allah on earth", and pursuing the policy of both religious and secular. Inherited the Persian administrative system, strengthening the centralized system, the caliph as supreme leader. Appointment as prime minister because the Persians, the Persians made real dominance. Bureaucracy headed by the caliph, instead of the Arab aristocracy. Dynasty in the first 100 years, the end result of foreign large-scale campaign, there has been a stable political situation, the development of greater productivity, economic and foreign trade and prosperity. Business gathered in major cities, foreign monopoly of maritime trade, Arab traders extensively in Asia, Africa, Europe and the world. With the spread of Arabic, Muslims of all ethnic groups work together to create the Islamic culture flourished, there have been golden age. Dynasty, founded in various places of religious schools, libraries, observatories and hospitals, to promote the academic culture. Caliph Mamun founded in Baghdad, "Wisdom House," _set_ off a collective translation climax. Guang Luo ethnic groups of scholars of different faiths, collection, preservation, translation, study of ancient Greece, Persia, India, the classical works of science and culture, outstanding achievements. During this period, in medicine, mathematics, astronomy, chemistry, philosophy, history, geography, literature, grammar, etc., achievements, Muslim talent. In religion, the dynasty has been completed the conquest of Arab and Islamic region of the process, Islam became the dominant religious empire, to infiltrate the political, economic and cultural fields, into an Islamic society life. Academic teaching of religion such as Islam, law, learning the Koran, Hadith science, Kai Lamu science, science and other Sufi has a larger development. Sunni, Shiite political parties from the early to religious change, forming a separate doctrine and doctrine. Moore sent too greatly depends on the development of homogeneous, in the reign of Mamun the doctrine was regarded as a state religion. Yi Shier in school teachings evolved into the dominant religious doctrine. Ansari, represented by the teachings of Sufi thought scientists would be the introduction of the orthodox faith, as a form of religious philosophy of Islam. 9 mid-century, due to the implementation of the feudal dynasties packet system, the Governor and the feudal lords all over the separatist party, the empire gradually fall apart. The 10th century, North Africa, Egypt, Shiite Fatimid dynasty (909 ~ 1171), Spain, after the Umayyad dynasty (756 ~ 1031) with the formation of the three Abbasid situation. Bu Weixi Shiite dynasty 945 years, the White Baghdad, Caliph retain only the status of religious leaders. 1055, Seljuk Turks entered Baghdad, the caliph into a puppet in the hands of the Seljuk Su Dan. Then there were the Crusades (1096 ~ 1291) and the Mongolian expedition, the Abbasid dynasty was finally in 1258 the demise of the Mongolian Xulie Wu. Ottoman Empire (1299 ~ 1922) period. Early 13th century, the rise of the Ottoman Turks in Central Asia. 1299, the tribal leaders said the prime Dan Osman I, the formal establishment of the Ottoman state. In 1453, Su Dan Mehmet II captured Constantinople, the Byzantine Empire destroyed, and moved the capital here, was renamed Istanbul. The late 15th century, the empire had occupied the whole of Asia Minor and the Balkans, the Muslim mass Ruxinanou region. The prosperity of the 16th century during the Empire, has occupied Armenia, Georgia, Syria, Egypt, Baghdad, Mesopotamia, Tripoli, Algeria, and Yemen Xi Guzi countries and regions. Islamic holy sites of Mecca, Medina and Jerusalem are under the control of the empire. Its territory includes the former Byzantine Empire and Arab Empire, most of which, as across Asia, Africa, Europe and the Islamic empire across three continents. I, from the beginning of prime Dansailimu, Su Dan himself caliph, the leader of the Islamic world ranked status. Imperial Feng Sunni doctrine is the state religion, to Hanafi school of teaching for the legislative and judicial guidelines. Islamic law has developed to the core of the administrative, criminal law, Wake Fu and other entities and regulations to improve the Islamic legislative system. The Government established the "Islamic Committee" as the national management authority of religion, faith and supervision of the maintenance functions and role of the implementation of Shariah. Islamic Empire advocate and sponsor educational and academic culture, built around a large number of beautiful mosques, all kinds of religious schools, Sophie Road Church, Library, and to develop religious scholars and officials. BAK Tahiti and Maulavi Mission Mission Mission Sufi such wide dissemination and development. 17th century, the empire of corruption as the ruler of the internal and external conditions change and increasingly decline. 18th century, Western capitalist countries, two continents of Asia and Africa launched a struggle against the colonial plunder, the Ottoman Empire, European powers competing field. 1798, Napoleon Bonaparte I of the French Republic, led by the invading forces of Egypt, the European powers launched a "carve up the Ottoman heritage," the fierce fighting, resulting in complete collapse of the Ottoman Empire. Kemal 1922 bourgeois revolution to overthrow the leadership of the Empire, and the abolition of the caliphate system of prime Dan. 16th century, the Islamic world appeared to contend with the Ottoman Empire and India 波斯萨法维 Mughal dynasty. In the early 16th century the rise of Shiite Iran, Safavid dynasty (1502 ~ 1722), the territory east of Afghanistan, Euphrates west, north, the Amu Darya, the south the Persian Gulf, Shiite establishment as the state religion. _Set_ off a revival of Persian Islamic culture. Sixth generation descendant of the mid 16th century, Timur, Babur established the Mughal Empire in India, the territory of the entire northern half of the South Asian subcontinent, established the Islamic dominance in the region. The early spread of Islam to the world, outside the Arab conquest of the empire are closely linked. But since the 10th century, the Islam in Africa, Asia and spread in Southeast Asia, and the Islamization process, usually through the merchant's trade, cultural exchange and transfer of teachers achieved missionary activity. In East Africa, by Arab immigrants and traders, Islam gradually eastward along the Sudan and the Nile to Inland China, as of the 13th century, Somalia and the East African coastal and marine inhabitants of many islands accept Islam. In West and Central Africa, Muslim merchants, scholars and Sufi preacher crossing the Sahara, Islam was introduced to the mainland tribes. 13th century, the Mongols of Central Asia to _set_tle change orders of the descendants of Islam. After the 14th century, Sufi preacher of Islam spread to Central Asia, Kazakhstan and South Asian subcontinent in Bangladesh and other regions. Mid-7th century, Arab, Persian and Central Asian Muslim businessmen and academics, land and sea through the "Silk Road" to Islam was introduced into China. 13th century, the West Indian Gujarat Muslim traders brought Islam to the islands of Indonesia, 17th century, Islam in Indonesia and the Malay Peninsula advantage. 14 to 15 century, merchants and preacher of Islam passed through the southern Philippines. Since the 20th century, through the Muslim immigrants, workers, businessmen and academics transmission of Western Europe and North America, and made great progress.
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Contributions and propagation
Islam, Arabic calligraphy in the dissemination process, the Muslims conquered the land in the construction of mosques, establishment of schools, and established the law, the establishment of libraries, observatories and hospitals, to promote academic and cultural development. Promotion of Islam in Arabic, so Muslims have become very convenient communication, it is also faster exchange of culture, economic development. Many of the world are using the language of Arabic. Islam has a strong inclusive, at the time the Spanish ruled by Muslims, although the lack of resources, poor soils, but by Muslim business, the economy did very well developed. Egypt's Christians, Jews, as long as the poll tax to pay a small amount of faith can be maintained, so almost no matter of religious persecution. After centuries of development, and Muslims in mathematics, literature, astronomy, philosophy, medicine, physics, chemistry, calligraphy have made great achievements, and emerged as the flowers close Shiraz, Biruni, white Tani, Farah ratio, such that Ibn outstanding figures. The spread of Islam to break the narrow national boundaries, and promote the unity of the Arabian Peninsula. Islam, peace and the rapid spread of the reason why one of the major tenets of Islam, clear and concise. Islamic Call of human faith should be the sole worship of one God - Allah. While continuing to teach Islamic application of intelligence and observation of human capacity to know the truth. In a very short period of time, the crystallization of the history of human civilization and the great art and literature has been rapid development. Therefore, different nations, under the influence of Islam, even if it has a huge difference, will be together. This is the biggest impact of Islam, Islam is also an important reason why the rapid development.
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Religious character
Islam advocates peace, from the green can be seen advocating Islam, Muslims hope for peace. But the Muslim nation's life and beliefs are threatened and persecuted, the followers of Islam to allow the strong resistance and conquest. Islam want unity, calling for "the Muslim brotherhood." Regardless of race, language, color there is little difference, as long as the conversion of Islam and brotherhood between all match each other. Islam advocating science, as the prophet of the teachings of the "knowledge is every Muslim male and female due responsibility." Eastern and Western thought and the integration of old and new ideas, driven medicine, mathematics, physics, astronomy, geography, architecture, art, literature and history and other areas of unprecedented progress. The key concept in many disciplines and systems, such as algebra, Arabic numerals, and the concept of zero (for the progress of mathematical science is essential) are spread through the Middle Ages, Islamic civilization and the European continent. Many complex instruments, including elephant instrument (chart), the quadrant and the development of accurate nautical charts the voyage of exploration for the Europeans provide the necessary conditions.
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The main teachings of Islam
The basic tenets of the "all things non-owners, only Allah; Muhammad is the messenger of the Lord", which in our Muslims them as "clear truth", highlights the core of the Islamic faith. Specifically, there are six of faith, said: 1, the letter Allah. To believe that no god except Allah addition, Allah is the supreme master of the universe. "Koran" Loyalty Chapter 112, said: "Allah is Allah, the one Lord, he did not produce, nor was production; not have any thing to be his rival." According to the "Koran" records, Allah 99 a good reputation (99 virtue), is unique, eternal life, eternal, omniscient, omnipresent, and create everything, to dominate the fate of the supreme authority of the owner. Believe Allah is the core of Islamic faith, reflects one of the characteristics of God. 2, the letter angels. That angels are God with "light" to create an invisible wonderful body, sent by Allah's heaven and hell, management, and to human transmission Daan La's will, the merits and demerits world record. "Koran" in the four angels: Zhebu MDL to (Jibra'il), Mika Yi to (Mikal), Ards Rai to (Azral) and Isla non to (Israfil), are responsible for Tat Chuan pull orders and sent down to the classic, in charge of secular affairs, Division of death and blowing the horn end of the trial. 3, the letter classic. That the "Koran" is a revelation one day after Allah, Christians must believe and must abide by, not slander and tampering. Islam also admitted that "the Koran," Allah has sent down before the classic (such as "Bible"), but the "Koran" is superior than all other classics, the Koran is inclusive of all other classical sense, the believer that it should act in accordance with . 4, the messenger. "Koran", he says a number of bits messengers, including Adam, Nuhai, Ibrahim, Musa, Isa (the "Bible" of Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus), only security Pull know the number, the last messenger Muhammad, he is the greatest prophet, is the most holy messenger, he is Allah "seal" the messenger bears to convey "God of the Dao" important mission, because he was God sent two angels to the people of God, faith in Allah as long as people should obey his messenger. 5, the letter after the death of the Last Judgement and the resurrection. Between the present and future generations that there is a end of the world, the dawn of the end of the world, is to destroy the world, Allah will make a "Last Judgement", then, all of the trial be a resurrection of the dead, Allah desires that He wills people go to heaven, the desire of his desire to Hell under the man. 6, before the letter given that all the world's pre-arranged by the Allah, no one can change, only obedience to God and patience is consistent with God's will, and this before the scheduled】 【Fate】 【non- God can change only through sincere prayers and efforts to Allah, Allah will change their results.
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Islam in China
Islam in the 7th century from Arabia into China was mainly a number of Arab businessmen, soldiers and imam, has 1,300 years of history. Sunni and Shia Islam, the two major sub-sects, China's main Sunni. In the Hui, Uygur, Tatar, Kirgiz, Kazak, Ozbek, Tajik, Dongxiang, Salar, security and other ethnic minorities more than 2000 million people, most of the Muslims. Most Muslims live in China's Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Gansu, Qinghai, Henan, Yunnan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and other provinces and autonomous regions, and other provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities also have distribution. May 11, 1953, the China Islamic Association in Beijing. China Islamic Association is a national Muslim religious groups. Its purpose and mission is: to assist the Government implement the policy of religious freedom, hold high the banner of patriotism, promote the basic spirit of Islam and tradition, on behalf of Muslims in the country's legitimate rights and interests of all ethnic groups, Muslims of all ethnic groups to promote active participation of the socialist material and spiritual civilization, strengthen national unity, safeguard social stability, promote and safeguard the motherland's reunification, and safeguarding world peace. Supreme body for the National Conference. In 1967 the Cultural Revolution broke out, the imam denounced by the detention, were expelled from the mosque, "the Koran" was burned. Religious life was forced to stop the mosque by its severe damage. After the Cultural Revolution, the party and the state of ethnic and religious issues in the adjustment, the implementation of the basic policy of religious freedom.
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Misunderstanding of how to treat religion of Islam
In the Islamic view, the reason was an insult to Islam is because they are the "Koran" and do not understand, Muslims have to do is only to Allah to open their hearts and we _set_ a good example of the publicity, but do not go to avoid each other abuses , the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When you use the beautiful language to publicize your faith." This reflects the misunderstanding of Islam and its treatment of religious tolerance in the side.
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Introduction to Religion
Islam (Note: Monotheism) is one of world religions, and Buddhism, Christianity, and called the world's three major religions. China, formerly known as big to eat big food education degrees, the day side to teach Islam, back and forth to teach, Islam and so on. Islamic (a1 an Islam), Department of Arabic transliteration, meaning "obedient" and "peaceful" means obedience and faith dominate the universe, the highest unique and the will of Allah, in order to achieve world peace and tranquility of the two. Islam, who collectively referred to as "Muslim" (Muslim, meaning "those who obey"). The rise in the early 7th century Arabia, Muhammad from Mecca (about 570 to 632) created by mass. In the seventh century to the seventeenth century, the name of Islam, had established the Umayyad, Abbasid, India, Mughal, Ottoman Empire and a series of large and small feudal kingdom. After a thousand years of historical vicissitudes, these have become very popular in the feudal dynasties of Islamic history. But as a world religion "Islam" has never fallen. At first, as a nation of religious, feudal empire and then as a spiritual source, and later as a religious, cultural and political force, a way of living in the world constantly developing, and even become one of the world's three major religions. Main mode of transmission in Asia, Africa, to West Asia, North Africa, West Africa, Central Asia, the South Asian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, the most prevalent. After World War II in Western Europe, North America, Australia and South America some areas there are different levels of communication and development of the region's fastest growing religion. Xing own it so far, 1,400 years of history, as a religion, ideology and a culture system, introduced around the world after the interaction with the local traditional culture and integration, in different historical conditions, the Many state and national social development, political structure, economic structure, the Al-Aqsa Mosque and cultural habits, ethics, way of life have undergone a different extent. The end of 2008, the world's 6.8 billion population, there are 1.5 billion Muslims of Islam. More than 40 Islamic countries in Asia, Africa, Muslims account for most of the country's total population. In more than 30 countries, Islam was designated as the state religion. Although they spread all over the world, nationality, race, color, and language vary, but common abide by acting on an ancient doctrine that the universe is only one master - "Allah", and in accordance with their understanding, follows the "Koran "doctrine. In modern times, Islamic countries and Muslim peoples in the international political life, playing increasingly important role. Islam was founded shortly introduced to China. According to the "Min-book" records, "(Muhammad) has four of his disciples Big Yin, Tang Takenori in to the DPRK, then missionary to China. A missionary Xian, Guangzhou, Xian missionary Yangzhou two, three Yin, four Yin Quanzhou missionary." Islamic Education founder Mohammed once said: "If you have two loaves of bread, you want to use one enchant a piece of Narcissus," his words inspired the majority of Muslims, the desire for knowledge. From the seventh century, Arab Muslims arrived in China along the sea lines of communication, trade or travel, spread Islam.
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Introduction to Religion
Main mode of transmission in Asia, Africa, to West Asia, North Africa, West Africa, Central Asia, the South Asian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, the most prevalent. After World War II in Western Europe, North America, Australia and South America some areas there are different levels of communication and development of the region's fastest growing religion. It is the beginning of the 21st century Xing own more than 1,400 years of history, as a religion, ideology and a cultural system, introduced around the world after the interaction with the local traditional culture and integration, in different historical conditions Under many state and national social development, political structure, economic structure, the Al-Aqsa Mosque and cultural habits, ethics, way of life have undergone a different extent. The end of 2008, the world's 6.8 billion population, there are 1.5 billion Muslims of Islam. More than 40 Islamic countries in Asia, Africa, Muslims account for most of the country's total population. In more than 30 countries, Islam was designated as the state religion. Although they spread all over the world, nationality, race, color, and language vary, but common abide by acting on an ancient doctrine that the universe is only one master - "Allah", and in accordance with their understanding, follows the "Koran "doctrine. In modern times, Islamic countries and Muslim peoples in the international political life, playing increasingly important role. Islam was founded shortly introduced to China. According to the "Min-book" records, "(Muhammad) has four of his disciples Big Yin, Tang Takenori in to the DPRK, then missionary to China. A missionary Xian, Guangzhou, Xian missionary Yangzhou two, three Yin, four Yin Quanzhou missionary." Islamic Education founder Mohammed once said: "If you have two loaves of bread, you want to use one enchant a piece of Narcissus," his words inspired the majority of Muslims, the desire for knowledge. From the seventh century, Arab Muslims arrived in China along the sea lines of communication, trade or travel, spread Islam.
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Encyclopedia
Yisilanjiao Islam Muhammad in the early 7th century Arabian Peninsula city of Mecca founded monotheism. And Buddhism, Christianity, and called the world's three major religions. China, formerly known as Islam, Islam teaches or day side. The word Islam in Arabic means "submission." Enshrined in the teaching of Allah (also known as Chinese Muslims Allah) as the only God, and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, by Allah, all things arranged the world, people must obey the will of Allah. Islam simply classic "Koran" is the basis for legislative and ethical behavior. Muhammad near its founding, due to persecution, to mobilize large numbers of Christians in 622 years, moved from Mecca to Medina, where he established a theocratic Muslim commune (Ummah). Later this year as the Islamic calendar the first year Muslim. 632, Mohammed completed a record of teaching and the cause of reunification of the Arabian Peninsula. After his successor (Caliph) in foreign conquest battle, the establishment of historical records in China is called the "big food" Arab Islamic theocratic empire. Islam followed in Asia, Africa, Europe and large areas of communication, has become a world religion. 751 (Tang Tianbao Decade of) the competition for Stone (in modern Tashkent), the Tang Empire and the Arab empire, a "distressed Andean logic of war", Tang defeated, Tang Jun, a large number of people captive into West Asia. Among them, Du ring after returning home Author of "The Travel Notes", the original book has been Lost. Written by his uncle Du "Tongdian" in the situation he described Islam fragment records. Tang, in order to put down the Rebellion, Tang Suzong _Set_ to Kill to large food and other countries. After recovery of the two capitals, Suzong allow large food native Chinese soldiers, intermarriage with Chinese women. Tian Bao Chang reportedly remain in the vicinity of the group Soldier after Hu Jia almost four thousand people. Song and exchanges between Arab and continuously, Muslims in China increased. In order to expand trade, Song court in Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Minnesota (now Ningbo) and other ports of Maritime Affairs dedicated City. Five Dynasties and Song on the occasion, Islam began to spread into China's Xinjiang region. To the 15,16 century, Xinjiang has become the dominant religion. Yuan is the Islam in China has entered a period of overall development. 1219, the Mongols Genghis □ rate of large-scale expedition, occupation of Central Asia and Eastern Europe today, large tracts of land in northern Iran, was established across Asia, Europe and the Mongolian □ countries. Sun Xulie Wu held their third expedition, captured Damascus and Baghdad, the establishment of the Erie □ countries. Mongolian nobles to the Muslims conquered the region composed of all ethnic groups, "pro-Western forces", the rate of the east, and turn them into Spies Red Army, participated in all parts of China Kublai Khan in battle; the post-war, animal husbandry and local Zhunju support. The East to the "back and forth" to _set_tle in various parts of China after the marriage with the local residents, descendants multiplied, gradually formed the Hui Nationality. Yuan, "Hui" is a Semu, social status, second only to the Mongols, many Muslims in the Central Government as an important official, the Muslim population has increased dramatically throughout the country, the "Yuan Hui all over the world," said. Yuan Dynasty of Islam be protected, with Buddhism and Taoism have equal status, known as "Puritanism," true religion "or" back and forth to teach. " Ji fight capsule of the estimated probe was ニ ㄖ deer stunned http Er Jin BR] The founding hero of many Muslims, as usual Yuchun Hu Dahai, Lan Yu, Mu Ying and so on. Ming rulers adopted the policy of appeasement of Muslims, the Muslim official of no shortage in the DPRK. Seven voyages, to Mecca and back to the days of house plans is one of Zheng He (see Zheng He). After a long
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English Expression
n.: crescent, islam, Islamism, Islamic, al-Islam, mohammedanism, the faith and religion of Islam, Muslimreligion, based on the teaching of the prophet Muhammad
islam