Identification of the Definition of Chinese medicine Identification is the study of traditional Chinese medicine and the identification of the variety and quality of Chinese medicine, development of traditional Chinese medicine quality standards, find and expand the application of new drug source disciplines. Identification of traditional Chinese medicine science research methods and content are: medicine in the country inherited the traditional identification of heritage and experience, based on the use of modern theory of natural science, knowledge, methods and techniques, the systematic collation and research on Chinese history, origin, species form , character, microscopic characteristics, physical and chemical identification, inspection, determination, and establishing quality standards and standardization and expansion of new drugs to find the source of theoretical and practical issues. In short, one pair of traditional Chinese medicine "shelf, look for a new, organize, improve," the subject. Identification of object of study of Chinese medicine is medicine. Chinese medicine is guided by the theory of Chinese medicine in disease prevention and health care for the drugs, including herbs, Pieces, and medicine. The task of identification of learning Chinese First, and organize a TCM research to explore heritage of the motherland Pharmacy Only works in the records of herbal medicines alone, nearly 3,000 species, it is now inherit and develop traditional Chinese medicine scientific basis. Today there are about 13,000 kinds of traditional Chinese medicines, identification of traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese medicine directly related to the varieties of Chinese medicine quality, variety and quality of TCM is to ensure the correct premise, the variety of a mistake, all bets are not. How to determine the genuine traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese medicine research as the primary problem to be solved. Due to historical and many other reasons, so that confusion and complexity of Chinese herbal medicine species are serious, mainly because of: 1, homonym and synonym widespread. China's vast territory, many species, the same species used in traditional Chinese medicine in different parts of, or the same species in different regions use different Chinese names, causing confusion species. If Guanzhong, the name of the country to Guanzhong medicinal plants, 11 families, 18 genera and 58 species. The history of ginseng in as many as 30 kinds of aliases. 2, Materia Medica records is unknown, causing confusion in later species. Such as "Materia Medica variorum" _set_: "The Pulsatilla everywhere, near the root of white velvet, shaped like a bald man, so that name." Therefore, since ancient times, has many roots, plants and dried white hair mixed cropping Pulsatilla, This has resulted in the herbal Pulsatilla 20 or more, which belong to Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Compositae and other plants of different families. 3, and some varieties of species in different historical periods changes in place. If only contained in the "doctors do not record" white Fuzi Ranunculaceae ancient herbal medicine are the roots of plants coreanum, but most of the country with a modern plant Araceae tuber Typhonium used for white tuber, both effects different, how to change, pending further study. 4, one more than the base of the original drug was more common. "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" 2000 edition collection contains many of the commonly used traditional Chinese medicine derived from the 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 species (eg abalone), and some even from different families of Chinese medicine (such as small-pass grass etc.) or the same family in different genera (such as geranium, leeches, etc.) of several animals and plants, resulting in difficulty of quality control. Solve the complex problems of Chinese medicine and the varieties of confusion and to explore the heritage of the motherland means of Pharmacy: 1, through the investigation of traditional Chinese medicine and Chinese medicine resources survey of goods, combined with herbal medicine research, clearly genuine and mainstream variety, and strive to achieve a thing, a, a a thing. Such as "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" is respectively Primulaceae Lysimachia plants as money grass, legumes Desmodium styracifolium for broad money grass, mint plants for extensive blood money grass gathers Dan. 2 species of different historical periods the changes of drug cases, the correct production and administration inherited the ancient medicine experience. Donkey-hide gelatin, such as research materials in the Tang Dynasty it was mainly leather, Song Dynasty, Ming Dynasty is leather, animal skin and use, the Qing Dynasty with the animal skin, animal skin still in use. 3, to carry out research of ancient varieties of party drugs is beneficial medical side of the excavation and inheritance, provide the basis for the new drug. For example, the discovery of artemisinin, that is, from the study of Ge Hong "elbow Emergencies" Artemisinin anti-malarial disease side, and then used through the ages Artemisia species research, the combination of scientific experiment results. 4, for some varieties of genuine medicine research, search the local history, often offers some of the information recorded in ancient herbal medicine fails to address the variety of research in certain key issues. Such as Mangosteen, Herbal ancient times there was no investigation records, the last of the Qing Dynasty "Lingui County", "Yongning state records," found not only in the name of Mangosteen, also its shape, the taste, utility records, which the medicine is Mangosteen by providing a reliable historical basis. Another example is in research Millettia cream, to be investigated to go to the south of the "Shun Ning Fu Chi" and "Annals of Yunnan," and so on. 5 Herbal research helped the development and utilization of natural resources. Today there are a lot of wildlife, plants do not know their purpose, once the "Compendium of Materia Medica" and other herbal medicines can be contained on the research received clear, according to plant phylogenetic clues for drug development and utilization of new varieties, there will be the help. 6, through the varieties of herbal medicine research with the current combination of survey, to correct the mistakes of history and discover a new species. Such as the tiger palm and Araceae, the research is not a thing, tiger palm Pinella actually tubers, correcting the "Compendium of Materia Medica" Cuckoo and the tiger palm will, under both the same thing as an error. In short, the Chinese species of the research and collation of clarifying confusion in traditional Chinese medicines, and strive to achieve a thing, a, a a thing, from the source to ensure the quality of Chinese medicine, to the right variety, good quality, stable, controllable, and inheritance and explore the heritage of the motherland medicine, development of new drugs has a very important source of theoretical and practical value. Second, the identification of the authenticity of the merits of traditional Chinese medicine, to ensure the quality of Chinese medicine (A) Identification of Chinese crude drugs Authenticity of the current Chinese herbal medicine is still very prominent, appeared in a number of commonly used Chinese medicine counterfeit, adulterated products or product mix. Except for historical roots, the reasons are: 1, the error types, error mining, mistaken, mistakenly sold, misused. Such as when the wrong kinds of rhubarb rhubarb for the Tibetan side, the Loop rhubarb; the money grass (Lysimachia) mistakenly adopted as the cold grass (Lysimachia); the market has been selling large numbers of seeds of cruciferous Meloidae, with its fully Dodder ; to silk pink bellflower root filling; to participate in filling yam potato tubers; in Shanxi, Sichuan, Jiangxi, Hubei, had also appeared to have toxic Berberidaceae peaches mistaken for Gentiana seven, resulting in death or cause poisoning residual events. 2, some name or form of similar or close to the base of the original confusion between similar species. Such as anti own commodities tetrandra, fangchi, Han Menispermaceae wood Menispermaceae name or use the mix, fangchi as Aristolochia plants containing aristolochic acid, only Menispermaceae Menispermaceae order to distill the "Han muscle relaxant" raw materials . Zao Ren Semen charge of Yunnan, Sichuan and other Shegan Shegan charge. 3, individuals interested in false or impurities. Such as money nosed pit viper, coral snake into a useful longitudinal Generative snake article, connected to other small smugglers who drive into a small cap, useful for the young of other snakes with a pseudo-ring pattern filling, or even useful to other baby snake is a snake in white pseudo-ring pattern filling the paint to draw genuine; useful for processing of potato chips with slices of white pseudo-charge; with the skin of other animals (such as mapiri) brewed plastic filling gelatin and so on. Quality of the merits of Chinese medicine is related to the clinical efficacy and Chinese international big issues, quality of life of Chinese medicine. Specific varieties of Chinese medicine, you must pay attention to check the quality, such as the varieties of medicinal, although correct but does not meet the quality requirements, the same can not be used as medicine. In addition to variety, the main factors affect the quality of Chinese medicine are: 1, improper cultivation cultivation conditions, Astragalus lignification increased cultivation of wind and other branches. 2, harvesting and processing of different harvesting stages and processing methods, the active ingredients of the type or amount different. Such as capillaries, in the past only seedlings, and later through the study found, capillaries of the three main active ingredients of gallbladder flowers in autumn and early fruit of the content is high, for which there are two Pharmacopoeia harvest capillaris , 6 ~ 10cm high seedlings in spring or autumn when the harvest when the buds grow into the former referred to as "cotton capillaris", the latter called "Artemisia." With dried honeysuckle, dried and steamed and dried, different content of chlorogenic acid to steam high drying method worked. 3, producing the same medicine, different origins, different quality, such as patchouli, patchouli Totally gas more mellow, but with less patchouli essential oil, although the content of ketone is minimal. 4, the storage time of volatile oil content, such as Nepeta with the storage time is reduced; fresh Antitussive effect of Asarum strong after 6 months when stored no antitussive effect. Improper storage away mildew, take the oil, and weathering. 5, transport transportation, such as contamination by hazardous substances, will inevitably affect the quality. 6, excessive non-medicinal parts of incense mixed with a large number of non-resin wood, dogwood, etc. mixed with a large number of stone. 7 Coix mixed with adulterated man-made sorghum, rice, safflower, mixed with fine red sand or fine sawdust, fill the belly of the hippocampus fish meal, iron wire _insert_ Cordyceps sinensis. 8, the individual components is part of medicine is extracted and then into the market, such as ginseng, American ginseng, Panax, Schisandra, Treats and so on. Quality depends on the merits of traditional Chinese medicine active ingredients or the content of substance groups. Scientific evaluation of the quality of Chinese medicine is currently often the content of the active ingredient, stability, security, as the index. There are some active ingredients of Chinese medicine is not prescribed or non-accurate method for the determination, with the extract determination to help examine its quality. In recent years, the quality evaluation of Chinese medicine progressed very quickly, useful pharmacodynamics, immune activity and pharmacodynamics of combination of chemical pattern recognition, fingerprinting and other methods evaluate the quality of traditional Chinese medicine. Chinese true, false, good, bad final _set_tlement has complex and arduous nature of the name of traditional Chinese medicine to achieve accurate, reliable quality, we must strive to improve the practice of employees in ethics and quality, authentic ingredients to develop standardized planting, Meanwhile, market supervision should be strengthened, management and law enforcement, eliminate fake, shoddy medicine. (B) the identification of proprietary Chinese medicines "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" 2000 edition received prescription preparations containing 458 kinds of Chinese medicine, but the national pharmaceutical production has more than 5000 kinds of Chinese medicine preparations. Chinese herbal medicine with the same identification methods, including character, identification, examination and determination. Currently, "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" Identification of proprietary Chinese medicines, commonly used methods of identification of microscopic identification, has become an effective quality control of conventional methods of medicine and one of quality standards. TLC qualitative identification, chromatography and spectrometry to determine the content of the main contents of this lecture we will dwell in the second. Third, the research and development of standardized quality standards for Chinese medicine Fourth, find and expand the drug source (A) traditional Chinese medicine resources Traditional Chinese medicine resources, including medicinal plants, animals and mineral resources. Divided into natural medicine resources and labor, cultivation or farming of medicinal plants, animal resources. According to a national survey showed that the drug Resources: My up to 12,807 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine resources available in these categories, the traditional Chinese medicine about 1,200 species, of which about 500 species of commonly used drugs, national drug 1500 ~ 2000 species, the rest is folk medicine. Abundant natural resources is a major source of Chinese herbal medicines. Chinese herbal medicines in the management of goods in China, varieties of wild herbs more than 80% of the total, accounting for the acquisition of 60%. Many herbs in specific production areas, as appropriate climate, soil, water and good farming practices over the years, so high quality and high yield, remarkable effect, and the production and marketing has a long history, known as the authentic ingredients. According to preliminary statistics, about 200 of the genuine medicine. Such as Sichuan, berberine, Fuzi, Chuanxiong, notoginseng in Yunnan, Gansu, angelica, rhubarb, Ningxia wolfberry fruit, astragalus in Inner Mongolia, Jilin antler, ginseng, Liaoning, Asarum, Schisandra, Codonopsis Shanxi, Henan Rehmannia, Achyranthes, Shandong littoralis, honeysuckle, mint, Jiangsu, Anhui, moutan, Zhejiang, Scrophulariaceae, Zhejiang Fritillaria, Alisma Fujian, Guangdong villosum, Guangxi Gecko is a long history, famous authentic ingredients, some are also renowned in the world. According to statistics, cultivation and breeding of medicinal species accounted for 20% of the total, 40% of the total acquisition. (B) the protection of traditional Chinese medicine resources My Government in 1984 released the first batch of "rare and endangered plants list," contained 354 species of plants were received; 1987, issued a second installment of "List of rare and endangered plants in China," for plants received a total of about 400 species; the same year announced the protection of wild medicinal resources Management Regulations ", developed the first" national key protected wild medicinal List "; in 1989, announced the" national key protected wild animal list "; now established throughout the country of plants, animals, nature reserves have been up to nearly Office. At the same time to carry out the Transformation of the wild Chinese species, domesticated or wild tending; establish germplasm resources of Chinese medicine; and application of new technologies and new methods of resource protection and development of traditional Chinese medicine has done a lot of useful work. Establishment of modern industrial base of Chinese herbal medicines, Chinese herbal medicine is to achieve standardization, modernization, traditional Chinese medicine resources to achieve sustainable use of important measures, the State Drug Administration issued in 2002, "Chinese herbal medicine production quality management practices" (Chinese herbal medicine GAp), and from 2002 on June 1 formally implemented, to develop high-quality production of authentic ingredients and medicinal wild plants and animals of rare or endangered species of wild change at home, domestic, sustainable use of resources can make traditional Chinese medicine. (Iii) Identify and expand the drug source In the protection and reasonable development on the basis of traditional Chinese medicine resources, and actively seek and expand the identification of new drug of Chinese medicine to learn the source is one of the tasks. Find and expand the drug source methods are: 1, the source of a national drug screening, looking for new Chinese resources. Drugs through multiple sources such as the national survey found that a lot of wild resources, and some imported Chinese-made varieties of medicinal resources, such as Xinjiang, ferulic, Lithospermum, mother of pearl; Tibet Picrorhiza; Yunnan, Terminalia, MA vomica; Guangxi benzoin; Hainan Hydnocarpus, dalbergia and so on. 2, according to the phylogenetic relationships of biological drugs to find a new source. According to surveys, such as commodities, as honeysuckle honeysuckle ten kinds of active ingredient content of chlorogenic acid differences between species of large schools, such as Lonicera macranthoides honeysuckle flower buds and red high content of gland, the former 12% , which is about 10%, compared with even higher Shandong authentic honeysuckle, Lonicera now have to load the red gland, "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" 2000. 3, from the national folk medicine in the search for drugs or new drug source. Such as sea buckthorn is the Tibetans, Mongolians and conventional medicine, the dried ripe fruit commonly used in cough expectorant, digestion of stagnation, blood stasis. In recent years, found that leaves of sea buckthorn is rich in flavonoids and vitamin C, carotene and amino acids and other physiologically active ingredients, rather the development value. 4, the active ingredient for the clues, find and expand the drug source. Musk ketone Musk is one of the main active ingredient, contains muskrat musk ketone, civet musk and natural incense contains similar chemical composition, and possessed similar pharmacological effects, may become a substitute for musk. Anti-hepatitis oleanolic acid active ingredient in industrial production of raw materials mainly Araliaceae Aralia several skin, leaves and fruit, and its contents were 3.6%, but in the song and the snow lotus root gall in oleanolic acid extraction rate of 7% to 9.5%, which is a good source of new drugs. 5 to pharmacological screening to find and expand the clinical efficacy of new drug source. Pharmacological screening of antitumor drugs such as Thalictrum found a new base has better anti-tumor activity, the latter produced from the northeast 10 grass species found in Don Fair Thalictrum branches, of which the root content of Thalictrum up new base 1.36%. 6, or exploring ancient herbal medicine to find new uses for old drugs. There are still many varieties of ancient herbal medicine is not used today, and some varieties of multi-source current with only one or two or various ancient and modern medicine, if careful research, to discover some useful new resource type. 7, with new technologies, new ways to expand drug source. Such as Eucommia, cork, leather and other Chinese herbs Magnolia girdling technology, domesticated and live musk deer take incense, black bear, domestic, and bear bile drainage, the development of artificial bezoar, ginseng, Lithospermum, Panax, fumarate and other tissue culture and so on. The use of modern biotechnology, such as cell engineering, genetic engineering technology to produce active ingredients, in recent years, progress has been made a lot of new, such as hirudin genetic engineering, genetic engineering of protein and other antelope horn, traditional Chinese medicine to reduce dependence on natural resources and destruction of, access to high levels of active ingredients of Chinese medicine has opened up new avenues. There are still the basis of clinical efficacy, with high content screening technology to find new drugs approach.
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Identification of the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine study
A traditional Chinese medicine to learn the meaning and tasks identified Identification of the variety and quality of traditional Chinese medicine to develop standards for Chinese medicine, find and expand the application of new drug source disciplines. "Shelf-life to find new, improved sorting," 1.1 Identification of the variety and quality of Chinese medicine 1, species in traditional Chinese medicine refers to species, different species, different components, different effects. Certain varieties of traditional Chinese medicine, is the material basis of traditional Chinese medicine treatment. "Notwithstanding the good doctor and the medicine is counterfeit medicines, the good doctor no avail," the primary factor affecting the quality. 2, species cause confusion: Impurities on the County of Shaanxi Province in 1982 more than 523 units of medicine systems investigated the province's "counterfeit" 26 species, mixed materials, supplies 143 kinds of errors, the county sold 35-day Pakistan is a claw vine contains 22 counties plum plum and apricot are bitter. January 1995, we received nineteen Chinese and Western medicine specimen adulterants, including money nosed pit viper (2), Dan, soil Fuling, Wulingzhi, Peucedanum and so on. This is a multi-source phenomenon more than 10 species of Dendrobium Belong to three kinds of rhubarb Fritillaria belong to 4 Varieties of hot mix rhubarb laxative diarrhea, acute abdomen treatment effect is good, but found no effect for some time, to delay treatment. Planting rhubarb in Shaanxi in 1980 survey, 30% of the area is the wave rhubarb leaves, there is an area full of rhubarb leaves waves, rhubarb is a wave leaves have antibacterial group but not the purgative composition sennosides. Pinellia ternata and water products have ternata, Pinellia no antiemetic effect of water. Arisaema tubers for the genus Arisaema, Pinellia is a tiger, but the palm of cervical cancer and effective governance of the Southern Star, said the tiger palm commodity actor. Region used to produce drugs homonym, synonym phenomenon. ----- Piperaceae national sea breeze rattan vines and briar vines wind Hubei Section pepper vine and briar vines wind - known as "fragrant cane Rock" Stone Vine ---- Apocynaceae network called "heather vine" Perak ------- Sankoh called "contact Stone Vine" 松萝科松萝 ------ called "sea breeze rattan" 3, the variety is changing Has the duality of the nature of species, there is not both exist, on the one hand by the continuity of form and not the standard division of reproductive species in nature have a certain universality, on the other hand has no one to all organisms are divided into the biological unity Study unit is not continuity standards; species and a succession of intermittent and continuous part of the species and species in the intersection, the variation is diversified in the middle of transition. Changes in the ecological environment, species also changed circumstances, the merits of a quantitative change, authenticity is a qualitative change. 4, Quality: authentic herbs species degradation, the active ingredient content, content of impurities and toxins, mold level. Geographical change: Astragalus cultivation in Inner Mongolia, Hebei, branch more wood is great, sweet low. Ecological change: Bupleurum cultivation, root is small, fibrous roots and more wood is great, the microstructure change. Improper processing: Sophora blister cutting - not to mention matrine Counterfeit counterfeit drugs: Schisandra extract extract; 40% of the adhesion of impurities honeysuckle Jinsha sea sand - 30% Myrrh with bark, sand and gravel required <10%, Guangdong destroyed a number of impurities> 30 ~ 50% 5, identification of proprietary Chinese medicines 1) Microscopic identification Prescription medicines containing powder for preparation, varieties with the presence of microscope examination of the powder components of Chinese herbal medicines. 2) physical and chemical identification of Check the main drugs to treat Chinese traditional medicine active ingredients of the spectral or chromatographic analysis, test whether it contains the active ingredient and the amount of content. 1.2 inheritance, order varieties 1) herbal medicine research, clarify the origin For thousands of years, we have accumulated over three thousand kinds of precious Chinese medicine historical data, which is the basis for the guidance of modern medicine. However, the multitude of ancient literature, and inevitably some mistakes, you need to herbal research and study. Tiger on the palm for Southern Star schema objects, according to the survey, the tiger is a palm as Pinella ternata tubers, containing large amounts alkaloids, for the treatment of cervical cancer in the Southern Star varieties; genus Araceae Araceae Araceae for the Northeast Araceae, heterophyllum Blume stars tubers. 2) finishing species, to clarify the confusion (a physical one) China has a vast, variety, drug habit and the name of different parts of the same homonym, synonym serious, urgent order. Cases from 6 families and 35 species of Guanzhong Northeast Mian Mian Ma Ma Guanzhong acids with good insecticidal effect Promoting South Osmundaceae Guanzhong peeling with steroid ketones and metabolic Another example is the Money Grass, Glechoma, wide money grass, etc., were different herbs were used as medicine. 3) conduct research, inheritance and development. Reference to herbal medicine, not only herbal medicine, herbal medicine is the only scale not to Artemisia annua: Asteraceae Artemisia annua L. and Artemisia annua, Artemisia annua free, deleting Code 90 Capillaris: capillaris tradition with seedlings, but the bud of the choleretic active ingredient 6.7 - dimethoxy coumarin and chromone capillaries and other content, and Artemisia capillaris now (shoot) of the same medicine. Seek common ground, modernity and tradition coexist with the old stems Xinmiao coexistence and common development. 1.3 Research and development of quality standards for Chinese medicine 1, "Drug Administration Law" 1985.7.1 1984.9.20 issued the first implementation Implementation of revised 2001.12.1 2001.2.28 2, Chinese medicine quality standards ① Chinese standard meaning: The quality of traditional Chinese medicine and the state of the technical provisions of test methods is the traditional Chinese medicine production, operation, use, inspection and supervision departments to follow the statutory basis. ② the development principles: safe, effective, technologically advanced, economical ③ Application: New Chinese herbal medicine, new medicine, re-evaluation of old drugs ④ standards and policies 1994 Ministry of Health Pharmaceutical Council, "Chinese Drug Research Guide (medicine, pharmacology, toxicology)" State Drug Administration in 1999, "the technical requirements of Traditional Chinese Drug Research" December 1, 2002 implementation of the SFDA "Drug Registration" Chinese herbal medicines and traditional Chinese medicine preparation stage of quality control, mainly based on "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" (a) provides that the conventional method, but some herbs and formulations have one or more indicators of the assay method of composition. From the current situation, alone, in many cases these methods can not achieve the purpose of better control the quality of Chinese medicine, such as the use of the approved production of traditional Chinese medicine injections in the phenomenon of adverse reactions often, which is not standardized quality control agents, resulting instability is closely related to quality of preparation. Fingerprinting with the overall macro features and fuzzy analysis, the overall characteristics of Chinese medicine through the description of fuzzy approach appropriate to achieve the overall quality control. To fingerprinting as a quality control method has become an international consensus. To achieve the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine quality standards and with international standards, the State Food and Drug Administration has issued a fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine requires, first of all requires the fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine injection study and is stepping up efforts to establish a working fingerprint database, to gradually implementation of Chinese herbal medicines, quality standards of modern medicine. Method of quality control the inevitable pattern: the full ingredients fingerprinting and quantitative determination of the criterion of combining qualitative components, and establish rules consistent with characteristics of Chinese medicine Chinese medicine series of quality control method for a unified intelligence system. 1.4 Find and expand the drug source 1.4.1 Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources 4.1 Natural Resources (1) variety According to Chinese medicine Corporation for 10 years (1984 ~ 1994) survey showed that of medicinal plants, 12,807 kinds of animals. Medicinal plants of which 11,146 species (about 87%), 1,581 kinds of medicinal animals (about 12%), 80 kinds of medicinal mineral (accounting for less than 1%) ("Chinese Dictionary" 1977,5800 ~ 6000 species of plants 5000) 320 large plants, 29 species of animal drugs, the total reserves of 8.5 million tons of wild resources is the most valuable resource. Licorice, Ephedra, independent living, from wild Cordyceps sinensis Toad, cantharidin, centipede, cicada from wild animals Gypsum, Chi nitrate, cinnabar, native copper from natural minerals (2) and found the wild entirely on imported resources such as Picrorhiza, Strychnos, benzoin, incense, wide wood, ferulic 4.2 Chinese Production Distribution around the conventional varieties 600, 150 home-grown bulk herbs, can provide 480 mu of cultivated area, the annual output of 30-35 million tons. (1) successful introduction of imports villosum, cinnamon, cloves, wide wood, Terminalia, cardamom. (2) Gecko, money nosed pit viper, deer, Scorpion, pearl farming success. (3) there is tons of yield over Angelica, Poria, Rehmannia, Chinese yam and so on. (4) synthesis of Chinese medicine: borneol, artificial bezoar, artificial Calculus Bovis. 4.3 authentic ingredients climate, geography, human (home-grown + Wild) Inner Mongolia: Astragalus, licorice Jilin: ginseng, deer horn Gansu: Angelica Guangxi: Gecko Citrus aurantium Qinghai: Rhubarb Jiangsu: Mint Ningxia: wolfberry Anhui: paeonol, peony Yunnan: Panax Guangdong: villosum, betel nuts, puzzle, Morinda Henan: yam, Achyranthes, safflower, Huang Zhejiang: Scrophulariaceae, Zhejiang shellfish, Ophiopogon, chrysanthemum, turmeric, Corydalis, white peony, Atractylodes Sichuan: Coptis, Fuzi, Chuanbei, Chuan Xiong, Radix, Phellodendron chinense 4.4 Edible animals Is at home and as the "new three Jane," the 12 kinds of medicinal animals is very popular. Hong Kong: "The new three-chicken" (fowl, guinea fowl, pheasant) per 160 million. New three birds (partridge, quail, pigeon) per 40 million. New three turtle (turtle grass, Null, golden-headed turtle) 300,950,650 yuan per kilogram. Pearl is a traditional breeding. China's exports of medicinal animal nutrition pigeon, turtle, eel, loach, mandarin fish, squid, hundreds of grass carp and other species, in particular, live turtles, turtle, perch, live eels, live catfish and so on. Reasons: First, the rapid growth in demand for animal medicine, and second, Wild animal resources are depleting, marking the golden age of culture medicinal animals arrival. According to experts predicted that the next longer period of nutritional value very Huojin medicinal animals, medicinal animals develop prospects. 1.4.2 Find and expand the ways the source of new drugs 1, the affinity for clues, according to genetic biology is similar to the laws generally contain similar ingredients, similar to the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine to find Import ferulic, Strychnos, incense - Domestic Northeast mountain red (Larix Rhododendron) treatment of bronchitis, Northwest loquat leaf (strongly fragrant rhododendron) Guangdong purple rhododendron, efficacy similar to; Fritillaria, Xinjiang Fritillaria, Yili fritillary, Fritillaria, lungs and asthma are Fritillaria. Ginseng, Panax, Western penetration, RPM containing ginseng saponins; (and shares of non-Panax blue plastic) Hubei Ophiopogon, Liriope breviscapus and Ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharide and saponin content is similar, but the anti-hypoxia and immune function and Ophiopogon the same or better, one chip, "Liriope" into the 95 after the pharmacopoeia. 2, the active ingredient as a clue Diosgenin element - wear long yam Dioscorea potato, turmeric, powder Dioscorea collettii (yam flour back) there are cotton yam Dioscorea collettii and Fuzhou. Rutaceae Phellodendron genus, genus Ranunculus Ketang Song, Berberidaceae berberine Berberis resources available for plants. Bergenin as Ardisia Myrsinaceae antitussive ingredients contained in the first component found in cabbage Saxifragaceae rocks during and after the screening from the Saxifragaceae, found off the bride is more content. Indigo - woad, indigo, blue leaves made of horse 3, the pharmacological and clinical efficacy for clues Schisandra, grass and other vertical plate 4, the expansion of medicinal part Turtle plastron (turtle shell) - back A + plastron (shells) 5, the old drug new use Salvia Chuanxiong, puerarin, hawthorn, notoginseng, ginkgo biloba - cardiovascular diseases 6, artificial cultivation, breeding Shegan wild turn home, money nosed pit viper, deer, musk deer, centipedes, scorpion, Eupolyphaga. 7, synthetic, substitutes of Artificial bezoar, ICCB - Bezoar New Ejiao - animal skin glue 8, tissue culture, bio-engineering (biotechnology): paclitaxel 1.4.3 Protection of traditional Chinese medicine resources Vast land and rich resources, a wide variety Reduce the number of fast breeding difficulties population, endangered species increased. Global causes: severe destruction of tropical forests (Madagascar, 90% of forests were destroyed), disappeared 20 years ago, a species on the planet every day, today, a species disappear every hour. Regional Reason: 1) severely damaged the ecological environment, population, land ↑ ↑ ↓ sandy soil ↓ 57 ~ 86 years, 790 acres / year ↓, 937 mu / 1993 ↓ (a land of Qinghai Province) Population / 16 million / year, Australia 14800000, 3.5 times the population of Qinghai Province 2) The poor awareness of wildlife protection, the legal system is not perfect. Marine animals (whales, seals, etc.) limited to fishing, the general ban wild animals on land. Killing a large number of wild medicinal animals, bears ↓, Tiger ↓, snakes ↓, musk ↓ A sea turtle when the turtle selling rare animals (Riverside Hotel 94.8 buy 80 kilograms of sea turtle, home ice bank) 3) The indiscriminate deforestation unscientific A large number of rare plants in the wild without cultivation, it shall not enter the pharmaceutical industry applications (protection of enterprises, protection of plants). Related courses: Chinese Medicine Resources, medicinal botany, Latin, Chinese medicine, Chinese medicine merchandising ...... Identification of learning Chinese is an important subject, in various examinations also plays an important role; in the undergraduate pharmacy, medicine identification study accounted for 6 credits in two semesters; Licensed Pharmacist Examination, health professional qualification Examination of the test subjects in both Chinese identification study. Therefore, identification is necessary to learn traditional Chinese medicine
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Book Information
Title: Identification of learning Chinese Of: Zhang Guijun Publisher: Science Press Publication date: February 2009 ISBN: 9787030237071 Folio: 16 open Price: 49.80 yuan
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Introduction
The materials contained in the basic medicine received a total of 293 kinds, including some Mongolian, Tibetan, Uighur Medicine and Dai medicine and other ethnic medicine, Chinese medicine focuses on a l00 species. In order to facilitate learning, focusing on Chinese medicine and Chinese medicine in non-key style differ. Taste of drugs in a single species of choice, with emphasis on the identification of the source of medicine, chemical composition, medicinal and other parts of the relevance of the content. The collection contains materials of Chinese medicine since the identification of the 21st century a new theory, new methods, new standards, new technologies, _delete_d immature approach. "Identification of learning traditional Chinese medicine (second edition)" as the undergraduate majors of Chinese medicine materials, also apply to pharmacy classes, students specialty pharmaceutical, medical workers and can serve as important reference in the book.
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Wikipedia Daquan
Identification of learning Chinese ? Editor in chief of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Chengdu. The first is an introduction to brief traditional Chinese medicine resources, traditional Chinese medicine to learn the meaning and identification tasks, medicine harvesting, processing and storage and so on. Followed by three of the theory, followed by plants, animals and mineral medicine, a total of 369 (406 flavor). By roots and rhizomes of various drugs, stem wood, bark, leaves, fruits and seeds, whole plant, algae bacteria, resin, animal, mineral and other types of order. Each drug the following name of the drug, the source plant (animal) Morphology, origin, harvest processing, character identification, composition, identification of drugs, effects, notes, etc., together with ink ingredients Figure 608. Published by Shanghai People's Publishing House in 1977. Shanghai Science and Technology Press, 1980, the same name published in the book, also increased from Chengdu College of TCM editor. Ten small number of drugs a little taste, but the increase in drug plans, the content is more substantial. ? Ren Renan et al. Zonglun Chapter 6, describes the meaning of traditional Chinese medicine science and tasks identified, the history of Chinese medicine, Chinese medicine classification and Latin name, resources, harvesting, processing and storage, identification. On the points of the plant, animal, mineral type 3, a total of 15 chapters. Herbal medicinal part of which sub-class by chapters, each arranged in traditional Chinese medicine Youyi plant classification system. Animal drug classes ordered by animal classification system, mineral Zeyi major component drug class classification. The book contains a total of 334 species of Chinese medicine, Chinese medicine are described for each of its Latin name, Materia Medica records, sources, plant morphology, origin, harvest processing, character identification, microscopic identification, composition, physical and chemical identification, determination, effect, note other items . With 860 illustrations. 1986 by the Shanghai Science and Technology Publishing House.
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Related Phrases
traditional Chinese medicine
chemistry
Pharmacopoeia of people's republic of china Edition
Pharmacopoeia of people's republic of china Edition
Wikipedia Daquan
actor
Attorney
professor
he star
Containing Phrases
Traditional chinese medicine Identify study monograph
Traditional chinese medicine Identify study experiment
Classification details
oyster
amber
lodestone
arsenic
musk
sandal
ivory
opium
(peeled) root of herbaceous peony (Paeonia Lactiflora)