我是一气之下读完沈从文这篇《元霄》的，好久没读到这么好的小说，很过隐，看完时已是凌晨，却无半点睡意．
一开始以为沈从文会象所有的文人一样先介绍元宵佳节的来历，然后是介绍他家乡的舞龙灯耍龙灯是怎样的民乡民俗充满传统的热闹，再然后就是介绍元宵小吃什么的比他乡更具特色．
好作家的思绪都是不由凡人的思想牵引。浅看这篇文章似乎跟元霄并没有特别的冲突，也就是说跟元霄没什么很要紧的牵涉，我顺至有把这篇文章的名字改为《周末》或改成其它什么节日的念头，深悟才知这篇文章写得真是妙不可言，这些故事真真确确发生在元宵这一天，也只有元宵这一天，沈从文笔下的雷士先生才会放弃每天四小时的写作时间，也只有元宵这个节日那个写小传的雷士先生才不是什么作家，而只是一个孤单寂寞的中年男子．文章取名《元宵》再贴切不过。
＂一个中年人，独身，身体永远是不甚健康到使人担忧，他的工作是用笔来捕捉这个世界的时代人类的姿态到纸上＂这是雷士先生曾经所写，雷士先生只是个写小传的人，看这篇文章时我不免把雷士先生定义为大作家沈从文，他的文字绝对要影响几代人．包括我。
元宵的这一天雷士先生原想去看望一个朋友，可突然想起了这一天是元宵，他要去看的朋友有主妇有孩子，不免起身又坐下把帽子掷到房角书架上，放弃看友．一个孤单男子不想去打扰朋友三口之家的幸福宁静，他也害怕触景伤悲，读到这儿我想起了晋朝大书法家王羲之的儿子王徽之雪夜仿友戴安道，等到了戴家门口不敲门却又转身打道回符，人问其故，他回答说：乘兴而来，尽兴而返，我又何必见安道呢？只是雷士先生这一刻起身又坐下还没走出家门的仿友却没有王徽之那般洒脱．
一个作家的孤单是一触碰就脆弱，更是易燃且易碎的，元宵这一天雷士先生心无所是从，他空虚寂寞，他想找草啊枝的来寄托，沈从文把节日里的一个写小传的中年人的寂寞，思想，言行，抒写得淋漓尽致，微妙微肖，让我忍俊不禁。
舞文弄墨之人是最寂寞的，也是最惧怕寂寞的，也只有舞文弄墨之人最能利用寂寞并把寂寞二字演译为忧伤的美丽．演译为痴痴傻傻让自己都不能理解的举动，他痴傻的望着墙上那一堆如牛屎的蜂窝出神，把那小小的蜂窝泥孔想象成通往许多地方的小门，想象蜂子在做什么，思想着什么，顺至想知道蜂子的更多，平常没留意的粉剌竟也成了元宵这天不大不小的烦恼．
＂一个思想粗糙的人，他的行为将近荒唐，一个思想细致的人他可以深入生活，然而一个倦于思想的人，他是只有幻灭的悲恸咬他那颗心＂无凝沈从文是位深入思想文笔极其细微的作家，我读懂了他的这篇文字，我想。
＂一个中年人，独身，身体永远是不甚健康到使人担忧，他的工作是用笔来捕捉这个世界的时代人类的姿态到纸上＂当沈从文再次重复这一句时，我也不由继续雷士先生的寂寞之行。
元宵这一天他想到了不被引人注目的蜂窝，想到了脸上的粉剌，并无聊的用脚拍打地板，由此他想到了脚下的皮鞋，从皮鞋想到了买鞋，想到买皮鞋时的那个女人的苗条身体，想着那情不自禁的一路跟着苗条身体到舞场门口，想着自己要是能跳舞他就穿着这新买的皮鞋陪苗条身体舞一夜。
他顺至把他的钱夹也从口袋里拿出，并数着里面的钞票，没事的整理归类，然后由钱想到钱可以让女人坠落，乞丐因得钱欢喜而死，人有了钱可以在人前增加若干勇气，想到了他善于用钱的那些事情，如今他是钱在手上却不能把这个钱照他所想的去做，从前想的这样那样是可以得到的幸福，这时仍然不够了．当一个人明白钱不能帮助他获得他所要的东西时也是一种寂寞吧．由此我想，这个世界上跟钱有关的寂寞也是分若干种类的．
＂当智力骤然失去心情就会与年龄不相称起来，难免把固定的秩序破坏，变成世俗所说的***人了＂人可寂寞不可***，我想。
他把脚拍打地板发出蓬蓬的声音，他又想起他的买鞋，他又想起了那个苗条身体，想着人的生存总是为女子之外，却又想不出为女子以外的什么，这时他的寂寞已从无聊到了无所排遣，他顺至想不明白人究竟为什么生存。。。当他的心快要变得麻木时发现日影在墙上移动才突然醒悟他必须出门，或许只有出去才可不比在家里更为寂寞得恐慌。
他是个写书的人他当然首先想到的是去书铺，在书铺他看到很多青年在买他写的书，那场面让他很是感动，想着那些年轻人用爸妈给的一点零用钱买他的书时他真的很想自己是个有钱人，这样他就可以印上一万册书免费送给他们。
他在自己的书这么畅销时还能把自己视为一个来买书的人，真是可贵，在书铺伙计的大力推荐和热情服务下他买了几本自已写的书，他很善良想他人所想，为他人所想，不失一个作家的爱心和谦卑，后来他把二本书送给二个为买书而跟书铺伙计争吵的青年，一个身为名作家的雷士先生此刻没有半点作家的那种清高与张扬让人十分敬佩。这时我想起不久前朗诵房间发生的一件事，一女写手因麦序上的室主下面要读她的文章竟然不愿多等几分钟没收了麦上一正准备朗诵的女孩的麦，我很气愤，后，点击房间公示于众的博客网址走进她的博客，并给她发了张字条：出没朗诵房间的朋友不是文人就是墨客哪一个都不能小瞧，怠慢，你还是先学做人然后再学写文章吧。这位女写手从此再不敢在朗诵房间招摇了。
雷士先生走出书铺，走上大街，心中的寂寞渐渐加浓，正想返家，他突然看到前面黄包车上有一美女向他略示风情，他来不及思想就跳上人力车，车夫问他去哪，他手指前方，车夫会意，这时的雷士先生让我想到了***才子唐伯虎，自古才子多***，不知沈从文笔下的雷士先生可否有唐伯虎那样的花痴技俩弄出一幕幕闹剧后以意中人终成眷属？
雷士先生心不由自主让车夫载着一路追赶象是街头色狼，直到女人在花店下车他也紧跟下车，这时的雷士先生似乎觉察到了自己的行为实在荒唐，不过他很快就为自己找了个理由：进去买一束花也没什么要紧，进去看看也不算是坏事。
总算好事多么出现了戏剧性的转折，被他追赶的女人竟是曾经与他同船共渡的女子，因为船舱失火他还救过她和她母亲的性命。千年修得同船渡，又是英雄救美，我想他与她应该是有缘人吧。一年不见雷士先生成了名作家而这女子也成了光明剧院的台柱子，惊喜之余雷士先生应这位名叫秋君女子邀请，提着秋君陪他买给送秋君母亲的礼物，坐在去看望秋君的母亲的车上，我想，他心里一定在想，秋君的母亲或许就是他未来的丈母娘吧。就这样他与她心照不宣，车中当秋君无意告诉他她已是有夫之人时，他人仿佛骤然下沉如跌深渊，半天才泛过神来，当她告诉他他刚才的神情象他小说中的中年男人时，他的脆弱已是不能自持了，他跳下车有些踉跄连书也忘在车上。
秋君不解，无奈看他被人群淹没在大世界。他喝着茶想着刚才下车时的匆忙有失礼貌，又忘记问秋君住址不免有些懊脑。其实他下车是对的，他不该去破坏这个女人的幸福，这个女人不是他的梦，可他茫然甚至为再见不到她而伤感落泪，他甚至想返回下车的地方等她到夜等她到天明，等这个女子出现突然叫他上车。
还是回家吧说不定家中另有惊喜在等着你呢。回到家中家中并没有什么事情在等着他，他就想着这一天的巧遇——卖书的小伙子，二个为买书而争吵的青年，想到这个让他二见倾心的秋君，他想把这一天的事情写一部小说，想为秋君写首诗，最后他真的给秋群写了一封长长的信，信没到秋君面前，他人先读着信就落泪不止。诗是朦胧的美，伤心不需要正当的理由，这就是一个作家的心态吧。
＂雷士先生象在狱中望到天堂的光明，觉得幸福忧患皆属于世界所有人类，人与人在爱憎与其它上面原都是那么贴紧黏固成整个，但自己仍然只是独自一人渺不相涉＂是的他挡不住女子对他的透惑，还是去了有秋君的光明剧院，戏子是多情的就象才子天生的***，戏子秋君爱她丈夫也喜欢眼前的雷士先生，她不顾她母亲的多次提醒，她是有夫之人，还依然撩拨雷士先生那一颗中年男人的寂寞，让这个中年男人对女人的青春身体想入非非。
又是坐在车中，跟昨天是不一样的，昨天他有些意乱，有些茫然，有些失落，为情所困．今天他却是真真实实的捏着秋君的纤纤素手为情所迷．车上，他已想好后天去杭州，跟秋君一起去杭州，那个时候秋君就是他怀中的小鸟依人，可他却说：他是去杭州换换思想。也许他不会去的吧？
《元霄》叙述到此，我想该为自己写点什么．今天是元宵，今年的元宵因加进了沈从文的《元霄》比往年的元宵多了一分节日的概念，算是祝福自己元宵节快乐吧，要知道我已是多年没怎么过元宵这个节日的。感谢沈从文的《元霄》让我渡过一个丰盈的元宵．
一开始以为沈从文会象所有的文人一样先介绍元宵佳节的来历，然后是介绍他家乡的舞龙灯耍龙灯是怎样的民乡民俗充满传统的热闹，再然后就是介绍元宵小吃什么的比他乡更具特色．
好作家的思绪都是不由凡人的思想牵引。浅看这篇文章似乎跟元霄并没有特别的冲突，也就是说跟元霄没什么很要紧的牵涉，我顺至有把这篇文章的名字改为《周末》或改成其它什么节日的念头，深悟才知这篇文章写得真是妙不可言，这些故事真真确确发生在元宵这一天，也只有元宵这一天，沈从文笔下的雷士先生才会放弃每天四小时的写作时间，也只有元宵这个节日那个写小传的雷士先生才不是什么作家，而只是一个孤单寂寞的中年男子．文章取名《元宵》再贴切不过。
＂一个中年人，独身，身体永远是不甚健康到使人担忧，他的工作是用笔来捕捉这个世界的时代人类的姿态到纸上＂这是雷士先生曾经所写，雷士先生只是个写小传的人，看这篇文章时我不免把雷士先生定义为大作家沈从文，他的文字绝对要影响几代人．包括我。
元宵的这一天雷士先生原想去看望一个朋友，可突然想起了这一天是元宵，他要去看的朋友有主妇有孩子，不免起身又坐下把帽子掷到房角书架上，放弃看友．一个孤单男子不想去打扰朋友三口之家的幸福宁静，他也害怕触景伤悲，读到这儿我想起了晋朝大书法家王羲之的儿子王徽之雪夜仿友戴安道，等到了戴家门口不敲门却又转身打道回符，人问其故，他回答说：乘兴而来，尽兴而返，我又何必见安道呢？只是雷士先生这一刻起身又坐下还没走出家门的仿友却没有王徽之那般洒脱．
一个作家的孤单是一触碰就脆弱，更是易燃且易碎的，元宵这一天雷士先生心无所是从，他空虚寂寞，他想找草啊枝的来寄托，沈从文把节日里的一个写小传的中年人的寂寞，思想，言行，抒写得淋漓尽致，微妙微肖，让我忍俊不禁。
舞文弄墨之人是最寂寞的，也是最惧怕寂寞的，也只有舞文弄墨之人最能利用寂寞并把寂寞二字演译为忧伤的美丽．演译为痴痴傻傻让自己都不能理解的举动，他痴傻的望着墙上那一堆如牛屎的蜂窝出神，把那小小的蜂窝泥孔想象成通往许多地方的小门，想象蜂子在做什么，思想着什么，顺至想知道蜂子的更多，平常没留意的粉剌竟也成了元宵这天不大不小的烦恼．
＂一个思想粗糙的人，他的行为将近荒唐，一个思想细致的人他可以深入生活，然而一个倦于思想的人，他是只有幻灭的悲恸咬他那颗心＂无凝沈从文是位深入思想文笔极其细微的作家，我读懂了他的这篇文字，我想。
＂一个中年人，独身，身体永远是不甚健康到使人担忧，他的工作是用笔来捕捉这个世界的时代人类的姿态到纸上＂当沈从文再次重复这一句时，我也不由继续雷士先生的寂寞之行。
元宵这一天他想到了不被引人注目的蜂窝，想到了脸上的粉剌，并无聊的用脚拍打地板，由此他想到了脚下的皮鞋，从皮鞋想到了买鞋，想到买皮鞋时的那个女人的苗条身体，想着那情不自禁的一路跟着苗条身体到舞场门口，想着自己要是能跳舞他就穿着这新买的皮鞋陪苗条身体舞一夜。
他顺至把他的钱夹也从口袋里拿出，并数着里面的钞票，没事的整理归类，然后由钱想到钱可以让女人坠落，乞丐因得钱欢喜而死，人有了钱可以在人前增加若干勇气，想到了他善于用钱的那些事情，如今他是钱在手上却不能把这个钱照他所想的去做，从前想的这样那样是可以得到的幸福，这时仍然不够了．当一个人明白钱不能帮助他获得他所要的东西时也是一种寂寞吧．由此我想，这个世界上跟钱有关的寂寞也是分若干种类的．
＂当智力骤然失去心情就会与年龄不相称起来，难免把固定的秩序破坏，变成世俗所说的***人了＂人可寂寞不可***，我想。
他把脚拍打地板发出蓬蓬的声音，他又想起他的买鞋，他又想起了那个苗条身体，想着人的生存总是为女子之外，却又想不出为女子以外的什么，这时他的寂寞已从无聊到了无所排遣，他顺至想不明白人究竟为什么生存。。。当他的心快要变得麻木时发现日影在墙上移动才突然醒悟他必须出门，或许只有出去才可不比在家里更为寂寞得恐慌。
他是个写书的人他当然首先想到的是去书铺，在书铺他看到很多青年在买他写的书，那场面让他很是感动，想着那些年轻人用爸妈给的一点零用钱买他的书时他真的很想自己是个有钱人，这样他就可以印上一万册书免费送给他们。
他在自己的书这么畅销时还能把自己视为一个来买书的人，真是可贵，在书铺伙计的大力推荐和热情服务下他买了几本自已写的书，他很善良想他人所想，为他人所想，不失一个作家的爱心和谦卑，后来他把二本书送给二个为买书而跟书铺伙计争吵的青年，一个身为名作家的雷士先生此刻没有半点作家的那种清高与张扬让人十分敬佩。这时我想起不久前朗诵房间发生的一件事，一女写手因麦序上的室主下面要读她的文章竟然不愿多等几分钟没收了麦上一正准备朗诵的女孩的麦，我很气愤，后，点击房间公示于众的博客网址走进她的博客，并给她发了张字条：出没朗诵房间的朋友不是文人就是墨客哪一个都不能小瞧，怠慢，你还是先学做人然后再学写文章吧。这位女写手从此再不敢在朗诵房间招摇了。
雷士先生走出书铺，走上大街，心中的寂寞渐渐加浓，正想返家，他突然看到前面黄包车上有一美女向他略示风情，他来不及思想就跳上人力车，车夫问他去哪，他手指前方，车夫会意，这时的雷士先生让我想到了***才子唐伯虎，自古才子多***，不知沈从文笔下的雷士先生可否有唐伯虎那样的花痴技俩弄出一幕幕闹剧后以意中人终成眷属？
雷士先生心不由自主让车夫载着一路追赶象是街头色狼，直到女人在花店下车他也紧跟下车，这时的雷士先生似乎觉察到了自己的行为实在荒唐，不过他很快就为自己找了个理由：进去买一束花也没什么要紧，进去看看也不算是坏事。
总算好事多么出现了戏剧性的转折，被他追赶的女人竟是曾经与他同船共渡的女子，因为船舱失火他还救过她和她母亲的性命。千年修得同船渡，又是英雄救美，我想他与她应该是有缘人吧。一年不见雷士先生成了名作家而这女子也成了光明剧院的台柱子，惊喜之余雷士先生应这位名叫秋君女子邀请，提着秋君陪他买给送秋君母亲的礼物，坐在去看望秋君的母亲的车上，我想，他心里一定在想，秋君的母亲或许就是他未来的丈母娘吧。就这样他与她心照不宣，车中当秋君无意告诉他她已是有夫之人时，他人仿佛骤然下沉如跌深渊，半天才泛过神来，当她告诉他他刚才的神情象他小说中的中年男人时，他的脆弱已是不能自持了，他跳下车有些踉跄连书也忘在车上。
秋君不解，无奈看他被人群淹没在大世界。他喝着茶想着刚才下车时的匆忙有失礼貌，又忘记问秋君住址不免有些懊脑。其实他下车是对的，他不该去破坏这个女人的幸福，这个女人不是他的梦，可他茫然甚至为再见不到她而伤感落泪，他甚至想返回下车的地方等她到夜等她到天明，等这个女子出现突然叫他上车。
还是回家吧说不定家中另有惊喜在等着你呢。回到家中家中并没有什么事情在等着他，他就想着这一天的巧遇——卖书的小伙子，二个为买书而争吵的青年，想到这个让他二见倾心的秋君，他想把这一天的事情写一部小说，想为秋君写首诗，最后他真的给秋群写了一封长长的信，信没到秋君面前，他人先读着信就落泪不止。诗是朦胧的美，伤心不需要正当的理由，这就是一个作家的心态吧。
＂雷士先生象在狱中望到天堂的光明，觉得幸福忧患皆属于世界所有人类，人与人在爱憎与其它上面原都是那么贴紧黏固成整个，但自己仍然只是独自一人渺不相涉＂是的他挡不住女子对他的透惑，还是去了有秋君的光明剧院，戏子是多情的就象才子天生的***，戏子秋君爱她丈夫也喜欢眼前的雷士先生，她不顾她母亲的多次提醒，她是有夫之人，还依然撩拨雷士先生那一颗中年男人的寂寞，让这个中年男人对女人的青春身体想入非非。
又是坐在车中，跟昨天是不一样的，昨天他有些意乱，有些茫然，有些失落，为情所困．今天他却是真真实实的捏着秋君的纤纤素手为情所迷．车上，他已想好后天去杭州，跟秋君一起去杭州，那个时候秋君就是他怀中的小鸟依人，可他却说：他是去杭州换换思想。也许他不会去的吧？
《元霄》叙述到此，我想该为自己写点什么．今天是元宵，今年的元宵因加进了沈从文的《元霄》比往年的元宵多了一分节日的概念，算是祝福自己元宵节快乐吧，要知道我已是多年没怎么过元宵这个节日的。感谢沈从文的《元霄》让我渡过一个丰盈的元宵．
West Side Border Town - Shen Congwen "Border Town" Analysis
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The famous American cultural critic FredricJameson said: third world texts, even those that might seem on individuals and libido is increasingly force within the text, always in the form of national allegory to cast a political: about personal destiny The story contains a fable third world popular culture and the social impact.
Mr. Shen's "Border Town", is one such on Miao "national allegory," the classic text.
Methods symbolic and psychological analysis of characters, perspective "Border Town" deep cultural metaphor, you can find Mr. Shen Congwen Xiangxi Miao culture, visual thinking and his totem Miao / Chinese, Chinese / Western cultural conflict thinking and worry.
(A)
Tracy Shen Miao culture from the eyes of the goddess culture, Shen Congwen as "other" (Western) vision to look out Miao curtain "essence."
"Tracy possessor long day in the wind, the skin becomes dark, striking for the mountains, a pair of eyes clear and bright as crystal nature and nurture both her and her education, and his lively, always seems like a small animal matter. who was so good, the same as the mountain yellow muntjac, never thought of cruel things, never worry, never angry. usually strangers to her some attention, he gave the bare eyes looked on the ferry After the stranger, proudly fled into the mountains can be made at any time of the air, but people understand inorganic heart, and from playing a leisurely waterside. "This image can be said to be" beautiful, healthy and natural. " However, this image also contains deep pain: "yellow, like deer fled into the mountains ...... at any time can be proudly" metaphor Han Miao ancestors under the pressure of migration from the Central Plains to the Dongting Lake region, and Su Yuan River back into Xiangxi mountains. Mountains is their last refuge and the free world, where they are "at home."
Tracy's image based on the Luxi wool shop girl, Qingdao Laoshan rural women and the "side of the bride," Mrs. Shen. "Border Town" in the love story, discussing cultural issues, discourse and cultural discourse intertwined. Tracy's image embodies the culture of the Oedipus complex Shen Congwen, sinking from the text inscribed on the Miao culture of endless Mourning and nostalgic.
Tracy's personal life is a tragedy, Tracy's father was a Pan-Tun-amyl soldiers, strictly speaking, for the purposes of the Hmong culture is a heterogeneous (heterogeneity). Tracy is itself the product of Chinese culture (paternal culture) and Miao culture (matrilineal culture) integration. Tracy tragic love from their parents, we can see that the Chinese culture unequal relationship with the Hmong culture, and this power relationship in the seedling / Chinese cultural history of the relationship between conflict and tragedy in history (eg Qian 嘉苗民 uprising).
Tracy Rootlessness this is undoubtedly a symbol of Oliver Miao culture.
"In a near miracle, which actually orphans grow up, then thirteen years old, a blink of an eye." Grandpa reading to do this personnel, weather-beaten old man is a symbol of the ancient history of the Hmong. "Grandpa and Tracy" Hmong "ancient ethnic, cultural young" image description. Tracy parents grandfather witnessed the tragedy, "the mouth is not blaming Heaven, but their hearts are not fully agree with this unfortunate arrangement." "He never thought his position for personal meaning, but quietly very loyal to live there." "Tracy big, he would have put Tracy to a man who is considered the end of things! To whom? Necessary parties are not the kind of person she wronged?" Elderly aging grandfather was only rely Tracy, "If my grandfather died," Tracy this history can be added to a new orphan footsteps of history go?
Yellow Dog dog dish with Hmong ancestor worship and myths about dogs, but also with two old Nuo send relevant. "Border Town" section X, two old dragon boat capsized drowning, Tracy denounced yellow dog, said: "? Well, pretend crazy, you are not rowing, whoever you fell into it" and "Feng Zi" Chapter III, the gentleman will his dog named "Nuo send" - "That gentleman received the letter on hand, commanded a large bird dog: 'exorcise send, open the door to stop,'" a symbol of Baita Hmong traditional values, such as customs honest, Valuing Loyalty, also said that Shen Congwen's "integrity naive human beauty."
Ferry Ferry only square head is very characteristic: a bamboo boat stand, hang a hoop, the two sides led some scrap cable. Some transition, hanging on the hoop scrap cable, pull the boat back and forth transition - it is a closed, monotonous imagery, is a river (linear time history of one dollar) is independent of the existence of the state, the ancient Hmong living metaphor way.
"Phoenix Beach Heights Beach is not fierce, well below the cages around; around the cages are easy, the Green Wave beach house big waves as Grandpa, you can lower the ferry Fengtan, Mainz Beach, Long Beach Youth do.? "Time Concept Tracy" gently humming sorcerer December votive please God in man playing the song "Please Chang, old, torrent, off Master, Yuchi public, Hong Xiuquan, Li and other" cloud slowly drop the line " "Today no harm to the seat!" - This is a primitive consciousness of time, where all the time sections: past, present and future are synchronic to show. Return to ancestor worship and prototypes based on the time described by myth and ritual celebrations during the holiday season, constantly reborn.
People border town festival with a record time of the Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Chinese New Year and other cycles, the Han regime change had little impact on them, in the Gregorian calendar (Christian era) have not yet entered the border town, it seems to Western eyes, "Border Town" in world history outside.
On the day and night of Hustle, Tracy guarding a ferry, day after day, living life is very tight. Baita guarding the jetty, a guard Tracy, guard Tracy dreams (Tracy in Baita afternoon sleep, dream of blackbirds singing the float).
(Two)
Tracy bigger, become more thinking, have become a dream - to see Wang's total home has a twist twisted silver bracelets, the hearts of some rhyme envy, crazy hair. "White chicken off a tiger bite, do not bite someone, send the first lady's total ...... wearing a pair of gold hairpin Sister, sister, wearing a pair of silver bracelet child, only I did not have anything to wear Sanmei, long wearing ear of bean sprouts. " By Tracy difference with other girls to know themselves, this is the "self" inevitable way to form.
The total cis boat house to propose marriage to Tracy, Tracy thought of many things: "Tiger bite story, with people shouting match four sentences head of folk songs, paper mill in the square pit, iron cupola in the escape of the plant iron syrup ...... "" Tiger bite Story "and Wang's total relevant. Wang dowry to grind room with two old claim kinship thing heavy pressure in Tracy heart, "white chicken off a tiger bite, do not bite people, to send the first lady's total", which is Tracy for "grind house dowry "This thing is unreal beyond.
"Four head of cattle folk are watching, firewood, cut ragweed child casually mess singing" - Tracy really young children out of the state yet.
"Party Pit" with sex (female thing), but also with death (grandfather's grave is a "square-well"). In a sense, Tracy (Hmong culture) newborn, adult, is the grandfather (Hmong ancient history) death. "Iron syrup" is a mature girl, sexual awakening - Tracy on the verge of girls and young women.
Tracy's age - fifteen-year-old girl - is critical. Miao culture, this "essence" (girl), Shen Congwen used as "other" western eyes look out; Or, where the Miao culture is "girl" of the. With the (Japanese) Bamboo good words: non-Western nation, "modernity" means first one is deprived of its own subjectivity status.
Tracy and Tate old couple's relationship is the main object of Hegelian dualism: Tracy is a girl, who was watching (spectacle) and the listener, always big dick men, to see who (spectator, Tate old couple Tracy Doukua too good looking) and speaker (matchmaking and singing). Tracy only with men (Han, Western) wake up and certainly, from teenage to adulthood, only to have the adult only "subjectivity." Tracy love happy, both Tracy personal mitzvah, but also the modern transformation of the Miao culture.
Here, the growth and development process of the development of Tracy personal history are synchronized. Through personal experience to show the nation's self-transformation, which is the mode Bildungsroman (German bildungsroman), of course, at the end of "Border Town", and Tracy's growth is not complete.
Tate old couple fall in love with Tracy, this is a historical conflict between two cultural ideas to compete for ownership of the Miao culture goddess occurred. Tate's image as well as their two old Tracy's different "views" and "argument" should follow "national discourse Password" to interpret.
(Three)
Tate's like a father - boat total cis.
Shen Congwen said cis prototype is "past" (1926.11) in the "eldest son of Tetra."
"Past" is an important episode: sitting on a Luokuang Li Shen Congwen and every man his brother, was the eldest son of Tetra bear from the city to the countryside. People Relations "past" in that: the eldest son of tetra - Big Brother - Brother Shen Congwen; figures Relations "Border Town" in are: cis - Tate Mary Rose - two old Nuo sent. "Border Town" in Tate's two old metaphor has been ready to come out. However, in my opinion, this image is cis "Western King" Chen Quzhen metaphor.
The total cis boat, is "a Qing when they mix live in camps in Kivu to the figures, when the revolutionary army in the famous forty-nine standard to be even longer," people do instead of deacons who pier when still only five years old.
"Western King" Chen Quzhen (1882 to 1952), the Phoenix man, forty-nine in 1906 marked the army officer corps, instead of 1920 when Western commanders Tian Ying Zhao led Western military 38 years old. At that time the eyes of Western military personnel, is the "father" of the image. Shen Congwen "From the autobiography," "Western" and many other works, drainage Jane Chen expressed admiration. "Inscription river" in the passage of Chen Zhen Shun Shun drainage are applicable: "where last year it longer, increasing physical exhaustion, emotional, almost in coagulation, its own non-free conservative only in this way, how much is still retained. Some Zhi Shi Zuoren beautiful noble demeanor. "
"Tate" image, is Chen Quzhen of Western military regime, the approximate age and Shen Congwen Xiangxi fellow soldier metaphor. In a sense, Shen Shen Yun Lu brother, cousin Topaz book, cousin Lin Shen, friends and Xiangxi young officer Gu Lu Qi, Daiji Tao, etc. are "Tate" prototype.
Cis people doing things like Tate, he said:. "Tracy Johnson too, and I worry that she only appropriate to hear people singing some tea Cave, Cave Women do not make tea all the serious things a wife I want to be able to listen to me a Singing Valentines, but more housework is not a lack of a wife, "Tracy to marry later in life, so Tate is envisaged:." if things somehow, I should take that old hand draw ferry me. love this thing, I also want to buy Bixi Tsui over two hills, on the southern boundary of the large species of bamboo, around this creek as my stockade! "Tate's idea is very reminiscent of 1923 Chen Quzhen The "Western autonomy." After 1920 Chen Quzhen any Western Guard army command, the whole army by Wu, destroy and Shi Fu, the unification of Western. He proposed "border security interest to the people" slogan, this independent kingdom in Xiangxi Xiangxi building behind closed doors. Chen Quzhen establishment of education, the establishment of a Teacher Training Institute, the Joint Model High School, Intermediate Girls, Girls occupation, etc., _set_ up all kinds of factories, industries, forest, etc., established the Western Rural banks and rural Hunan Institute. Chen Quzhen of "Western autonomy" is an important one in modern Western direction. Of course, Chen also has a conservative side. Each according to his natural villages were mostly Western surname family characteristics, follow the ancient tribal system to rule: the composition of the same family or a large insurance UNPROFOR; their surname under certain natural villages, the equivalent of a family, extended family also produced the following as "a joint ten households," the so-called nuclear family; certain rural tribal coalition administration, the appointment and removal by the mayor Chen Quzhen directly. Such layers based network, and finally by Chen dominate. So it was a metaphor Chen is "Xiangxi Tujia chiefs." Western also known as the "Chinese-style Cossack."
Tate asked Baoshan matchmaking to Tracy to marry him, without result. He knew he was not singing two old rivals, then abandon myself to leave the dong tea. Tate beach drowned in Mainz, seemed accidental. Later, the old couple said: "The old guy (by means grandfather) crooked man, not agile, he killed the Tate." This sentence is worth pondering. Grandpa is ancient history Hmong metaphor, Tate's death, contains some sort of inevitable.
"River · Inscription", said: "1934 winter, I return from Beijing because of something Western, by the Yuan River boat up, go home to Fenghuang township has eighteen years, one into Chen River. What is different. ostensibly, Shishiwuwu naturally have a great progress, try to pay careful attention to pay attention, we see the changing trends in the fall. most obvious thing that the rural community to maintain the integrity of that point naive human America, it demonstrated a few had almost disappeared, but it is instead of from the actual social culture for nearly two decades the only real success of a profit-vulgar life. ...... 'modern' word has come to Western, ...... then I think the only hope, a few prime of life, the simple minds of the noble ideal point can be cultured young officer, but that in their environment, is nothing like actually impossible to make. place tomorrow difficulties, we must deal with, we see plainly , no method can vary in personnel preparation in advance, so I wrote a novel called "Border Town", wrote Travels, named "Xiang Travelogue", the two works have appeared soldier in " Border Town "Inscription on, and had filed a problem, that intends to 'past' and 'current' control, so-called national character disappears and re-create, may proceed from any aspect." Shen Congwen the back Xiangxi, is writing "Border Town" time. Xiangxi ancient traditions, in the "modern" shock "a few almost disappeared demonstrated" the status quo; Shen Congwen had have only hope for young officers disappointment; and Shen Congwen of "national character disappears and re-made, possibly from what aspects started "thinking about this issue, Shen Congwen writing" Border Town "The fundamental cause. Contents of these three aspects, by Tracy, Tate, the old couple were expressed in the three images.
"Border Town" inscription says: "My grandfather, father and brother, all out body dishonorably discharged, the dead did not dare to die on duty, die inevitably will end his life on the job." "A Romance" and in said: "...... Since such a bizarre tradition, a way out of all young people are inevitably pinned on all intelligence officers and outstanding talent, are also summarized absorbed all this despite the huge real simple organization and succession. Consumption in the organization, while the organization in the country in the province, but if completely isolated or free, nor are owned by non belongs. ...... pick Tian (which means the Tian Ying Zhao) Chen Quzhen hand, the mind is newer, but the ambition and not, in fact, psychological or 'isolated separatist captive' to prevail. ...... which naturally have a problem, that the progress of internal tying, can not cope with the strength of any other design improvements. ...... he is very strict self-discipline Moreover, studious, new books are read a certain level, but it also does not encourage men to read, so many and reading fewer officers day man-days, when the inevitable becomes unable to cope. externally isolated to maintain a consistent state, a lot of misunderstandings, and more taboo, the more strength increasingly increased and all aspects of organizational relationships isolated, the greater our own strength, but also increases the more difficult ...... reminds me of that little mountain grown over the past two centuries various. ...... in social change in my hometown and Other local youth life and death, and death due to this piece of land upstream alternately every innocent blood, and tears and more on how to increase the difficulty give enough progress tomorrow and I think the social context for the development of the young generation formed by emotions, desire and motivation, lack of truly great thinkers of both guidance and induction, energetic and often many people do not know how to play effectively, the result will inevitably still consumes one end of the tragic fate of almost periodic. "sense" Tate "Even without dying Rapids, are bound to muddle died of various civil wars and strife (such as Shen Shen Lin's cousin and brother and so far over t), or the time and opium destroyed (such as" care of the nose friend "Indian blind and" wife "Zhao Kaiming, etc.). Tragedy is fatalistic.
Shen Congwen keen to see the "big men" tragic fate, he does not want to get Tracy Tate. Shen Congwen It seems impossible to Tracy Tate get "subjectivity", it is impossible to make a modern Western, so let Tate died in the rapids. This is Shen Congwen Western eyes, on to Chen Quzhen represented by their Western fellow Tate profound cultural critique ("national character" critical).
Shen Congwen Xiangxi soldiers, sailors, farmers as the protagonist works such as "will out", "Bai Zi", "captain", "Legend is not surprising," "Counsellor", "Da-phase", "your life", "a Romance "and" Hunan Travelogue "in" a treasure nose friends "," wife "and for us to portray a variety of" Tate "image, can be seen as" Tate "series, which, when otherwise specifically discussed.
(Four)
The image of two old Shen Congwen own metaphor.
Shen Congwen are "brother" name appears in many of his autobiographical works. Shen Congwen and the old couple's personality in many ways similar to: "My father tolerance have less impact on yield in more like mom." "Temperament close to the white face black mother, very quiet, but the show pulled eyebrows group, glance clever and rich in its human feelings." They have a poetic temperament, good at singing love songs (written love letter). "Border Town" and proposed to replace two old Tate singing, Shen cousin Topaz instead of writing a love letter in Changde had.
Shen Congwen himself with such an analysis, "Tate were" distinction: "...... thanks to a chance, a small number of common trends outside drifted outside this vicious cycle (press 'common trends' and 'vicious cycle' refers to Chen Quzhen and other Western soldiers The tragic fate) ...... me and this one was Jiqing Qing woodcut artists (by means huang), may represent just a small place to another scenario: same deal at the way of life, and local habits are completely free , while for local enthusiasm and delusion, but are still very strong, lends stability combined into various small development. "Well, the old couple's fate is better than a Tate? Tracy grown old couple make it? Old couple love each other and Tracy Wyatt, however, between two old mill house dowry and Tracy Wang's total home Miss files. In Hmong culture - Han culture - Western culture that multiple power relations, "grind house dowry" This imagery has a multi-cultural meaning, we analyzed from three aspects.
1) Tracy - grind house - Wang "grind house dowry" This thing, for the traditional Miao culture Tracy represented in terms of a heterogeneous. "Tracy thought;. 'Grind house dowry, surprising things blanket'" In some people,. "Grind house a new dowry, better than some of the ten many years," "a grinding room breath, to be received daily seven liters meters, three measures of chaff. "
This heterogeneous, and the border town traditional Valuing Loyalty opposite of simple folk, the only real profit-values quietly entered the border town, irresistible to change people's way of life. "'Modern' word has come to a Western" and that "the enormous potential from the outside on the other hand," will destroy the traditional way of life on the basis of unprecedented depth and breadth Western world crumbling ancient traditions.
As Marx said:. "Bourgeoisie, by the rapid improvement of all instruments of production, by the immensely facilitated communication, draws all, even the most barbarian nations into civilization to the cheap prices of its commodities, it is used to Destroy all the Great Wall, to conquer the most stubborn xenophobia It compels all nations barbarians heavy artillery - if they do not want to die, then - adopt the bourgeois mode of production; it compels them to introduce what it calls civilization in their own system, that becomes bourgeois. sentence, which according to his own face to create a world for themselves.
Bourgeois country succumbed to the city to make the rule. It has created enormous cities, has greatly increased the urban population than rural, and has thus rescued a considerable part of the population from the idiocy of rural life. Just as it makes the country dependent on the towns, it makes barbarian and semi-barbarian countries dependent on the civilized ones, farmers belonging to ethnic nationalities bourgeois, the East on the West. "" Tracy hearts disorderly, ...... 'seven-year-old grandfather of this year, the song ...... six years - white duck bird who sent it? Good luck ...... get Nianzishan of Nianzishan have an even more good luck? ...... '"" Tracy felt as if something is missing. Seeing this day seems to have passed, would like to cling to it on a new personnel, but they do not. Seems too mundane life unbearable. "So, Tracy imagine leaving -
"I want a boat under the Taoyuan County had Dongting Lake, the city is gong to let Grandpa go get me a lantern torches to find my spot.", "Home" is a very cultural meaning of imagery, is very "modern". Because by the impact of Western modernity, "at home" feeling (homogeneous state) was broken, the traditional harmony of the world is no longer complete, homes in ruins. So you want to run away - to find spiritual home.
Grandpa how to do that? "How do you take a knife and put the burden, the ride 下水船 kill her?!" Tracy frightened, cried: "! Grandpa, Grandpa, you rowed back that way," "I want you! "Tracy needs grandfather, the need for traditional, she could not cut history.
Tracy "sitting on a cliff, it felt sad.", "Cliff" this imagery accurately reveals the plight of Tracy brink of the abyss, a dilemma: wake up, but nowhere to go - this is all non-Western peoples and cultures the face of the impact of Western modernity common destiny.
If Tracy really ran away, then what Tracy was gone? -
"Or are really only two ways: not fallen, is back" (Lu Xun language). Shen Congwen Xiangxi girl or woman as the protagonist of the novel, such as "a woman", "rustling", "three-three", "clever show and Winter Health", "husband", "hamlet" and can be seen as "Tracy series. " In these novels, we can see Tracy's "running away", and they in "Fallen" and "back" desperate struggle between the mentality.
2) old couple - grind house - Wang grind house is a closed, circular imagery, linear flow of water into the stone will grind the cycle, can be seen as a symbol of the Han culture (Shen Congwen's paternal culture).
Wang's total home to "grind house dowry" and the boat house total cis marriage, is very reminiscent of modern Western Tian (Xing Shu) home, Shen (AGF) home, and bears (Greek age) home very complex laws relationships. According to the "Autobiography · Women from difficult", while in 1921, Yuan Shen Congwen states, there are four squire's daughter for his _select_ion, one of which is Shen aunt cousin, Bear Jie three (Xiling seven brothers) daughter. "Four girls born too are very decent, than the other and that one (which means the sink unrequited horse girl) much stronger, usually can not hope to get all the girls." "If fate does give me some tortured, so allow me to put away the years, I think that by this time I should do a little local gentleman, my wife must be a slight property businessman's daughter, I must have done two terms The governor also must have done more than four children's father, but inevitably learned smoking opium. according to circumstances seems that my life is to be developed in such a formula inside. " "A strange destiny, about to put my 攫去 from such vulgar life, and then placed into misfortune in various thereafter, so I was with my relatives say: 'That's not, I will not be your son, nor for shop the boss's son, I had planned to give myself according to my own plans for the go '. "" grind house dowry "indicates that lifestyle is in" a formula in Development "and" vulgar life ", which Shen Congwen from Hmong ancient culture a very strong passion and personality development of delusion and less stability is very incompatible. By Shen Congwen's own words: "I do not need you called 'social' for the development of that thing, I hate the general standard, especially beetles eclipse what thinkers distorted human folly and _set_ the hypocrite." Old couple on the "grind house dowry" revolt can be seen on the Han Shen Congwen against cultural hegemony.
3) old couple - grind house - Ferry "I do not know if I should have to stand grind house, or should have a ferry, or my life where I can only stay a ferry!" Here, "ferry" is a Hmong cultural particularity symbol "grind house" is a "huge potential from the outside on the other hand" - the universal symbol of the Han culture and Western culture.
_Select_ ferry means to defend traditional Hmong culture and specificity. However, the two old "memories of her brother's death." Perhaps, it seems the old couple, Tracy as the symbol of love, like saxifrage, "Beautiful is often toxic"?
_Select_ grind house means recognition of Han culture and the universality of Western culture, to give up its own particularity. Thus, this historical Tracy will never be abandoned orphan history, Shen text also will lose his place to _set_tle down.
Shen Congwen old couple caught in a dilemma: "I stay here to enjoy the absurd passion, listening to the Son of God which dominated his life, or put her away, that was brought wealth, power, and courtesy, morality, human urban clothing, barbers, distorted human to abuse this semi-primitive biological body and soul? "It seems the old couple, Tracy, Baita, ferry are inextricably linked, Tracy must get passed down from grandfather inherited the old ferry In other words, the only way to fall in love with Tracy and the result is inherited ferry. Left the White Tower, Ferry, Tracy will not become Tracy; and Tracy represent the Miao culture completely heterogeneous urban civilization will devour this "semi-primitive biological body and soul."
Shen Congwen plight of Western powers and cultural logic caused. West to make their own culture in the process of globalization, through the "looking for his sexual" to get self-awareness. West is always described by non-Western cultures as the particularity of things, in order to establish the universality of Western culture. "Looking otherness" approach with the globalization of Western culture, has become all the non-Western peoples of the world and their own understanding of the basic method. Shen Congwen Xiangxi Miao cultural heritage (nature) understanding can only use the "find his nature" approach to those of his own cultural perspective to his person - actually lies to the West as universal see their particularity. If there is no universal carrier of the West as it is impossible to find their specificity (nature) in their own fields. Universality in Hegel - particularity dualistic relationship, the more stressed the particularity of non-Western cultures, the more enhanced the universality of Western culture, with particularity against universality can only exacerbate the problem (exacerbate ).
Shen Congwen impartial analysis on yourself: "I am still not free from the shackles of another local limitations, and capricious 'age' ethos that is out of tune if Yan Therefore, like other local people can not help but like with the real differences. fate, sooner or later will be stiff servant on another battlefield, accepted the same tragic ending. "
"Another local limitations" can be understood as the Hmong culture Shen Congwen emphasize their value and specificity against Han Chinese and Western cultural hegemony of cultural relativism (CulturalRelativism) position. "Capricious mood of the times" refers to the development of modernity in the rush to build a modern nation-state of China, various beyond, mutual scorn cultural universalism (CulturalUniveralism) thought.
In the existing power order, with cultural relativism (Hmong culture based) against Western cultural universalism may not destined to succeed, and this is Shen Congwen "on another battlefield," "the same tragic ending."
Old couple "was forced to accept the tall house grind house, meaning the ferry is still so angry downside," away from home. Tate knew that singing is not two old rivals, to abandon myself to leave the Cave of tea.
"Western · Inscription" Lane said: "Western until today, production, construction, education, culture in comparison, everything seems backward, general discussion considered 'poor land barren people', which is really saying goes wrong. older can borrow from mockery, young people never shirking appropriate to the young people below the age of twenty more must recognize clear: This is Xiangxi bloom and bloom with abandon myself to abandon myself have been the result of two things, the former is out! intrepid mountain nature, the latter for the lack of knowledge of habit; weakness into one of two, so have a very stubborn refusal of his sexual ...... bloom with abandon myself to make Xiangxi place called Miaoman bandits. Zone. " Tate were two old and seems to have a "bloom with abandon myself" character. Here, the "bloom" is to defend tradition, against Han Chinese and Western hegemony; "abandon myself" because of a lack of knowledge (of course, "Western knowledge"). "Bloom and abandon myself to make the place was known as the Western Miaoman bandit zone", that is similar to Li Zehou "Salvation Overpowering Enlightenment," said. In fact, salvation and enlightenment are unified, and the Western powers. Since the Industrial Revolution took the lead in the West, into the modern, forcing the development of non-Western peoples have modern, building a modern nation-state. For non-Western nation, the Enlightenment is itself a national salvation, but salvation is the purpose of enlightenment, their common goal is to build a modern nation-state. This is reflected in Shen Congwen body: Shen Congwen in all his on Western works, have adopted the enlightenment and salvation of the double discourse, both for the Miao culture of traditional romantic looking for, or the Western Association of Tate's Stern National Critique only one purpose, and that is: to make Xiangxi no longer "be called Miaoman bandit area."
(E)
A thunderstorm in the evening, the old ferry was washed away, and is related to feng shui Baita 坍倒 the border town, full of apprehension grandfather died, the ancient history of the Hmong interrupted. Baita grandfather was buried in the back of dumping destroyed.
Tracy was the mother of a young man singing Young horsemen took over grandfather, arrange everything Tracy. "I want a grandpa like, you like people to receive this ferry! Not like our views, I may be old, but also take the machete with them desperately."
"We", "them" two words intriguing. People in the border town of "us" and "them" to understand their differences and antagonism, and trying to maintain their own cultural identity, against the impact of different cultures. This is a typical "looking for his sexual" approach, the West and the world to recognize their own way, because the Western powers, has become a non-Western understanding of the method itself and the world. We see non-Western revolt against the West, the West had to use logic (Hegel dualism), this can only mean recognition and strengthened against the Western powers and cultural logic, but the problem is that the non-use It can not be! This "fate" means.
Tracy knows his opponent do? Border town of people understand this tragedy means?
Baita re-repaired (this is the dream of Shen Congwen - have strongly demanded restoration of the integrity of the existence of the lost). Tracy still get the ferry, waiting for the return of the old couple. Tracy was a young girl.
Tracy only wait.
The old couple had not come back dong tea.
"This man may never come back, maybe 'tomorrow' back!" But this old couple on the eastern Sichuan Taoyuan under Shen Congwen border town to find the way to return it?
(Six)
Keynote on "Border Town", and Shen Congwen himself said: "I want to show this is a 'form of life' kind of 'beautiful, healthy, natural' without almost perverse form of human life." Shen Congwen call "human nature" concept in mind and Shen Congwen Hmong cultural traditions (essentially) the same category. Shen Congwen use "regulation heterogeneous distribution" (regulatethedistributionofheterogeneous) method, first constructed nature of identity in the Miao culture discourse - this is completely homogeneous (homogeneous) field is essentially a pure language status - Then exclude heterogeneity found in life go to the West, the West became their "otherness", with "other" eyes to see their nature (traditional). Shen Congwen trying to develop a universal essence from the Miao culture (specificity) in order to establish his "human temple" to Han and cultural universalism against the West. This is the cultural relativism of Shen Congwen (Hmong culture based) position, and the philosophical basis of Shen Congwen oeuvre.
By Shen Congwen's own words: "You are afraid of the fact that tomorrow, or that you hate all the facts, ideas strongly consequent close past, sometimes abstract and can not close the past, making your life a stable anchor stone." "The abstract of the past," refers to the nature of the Hmong culture, identity, Hegel said that "universal homogenous areas." "Stability anchor stone of life" is the life guard Shen Congwen "human." (Shen Congwen Xiangxi is how to find the "human nature"? What does this "human nature" kernel? These issues when otherwise specifically discussed below.)
About "Border Town", Shen said: "I would dream of a repressed everything written on paper ...... full of goodness, but everywhere is unfortunate since it is no coincidence, hospice inevitably arise consequent naive tragedy ... .. ... This way, my past painful struggle, no arrangements redneck repressed longing for love, in this unfortunate story, side got excretion and compensate. " This is Shen Congwen through the "Border Town" sustenance real explanation of his Oedipus complex culture, but also points out the "Border Town" tragic story. Jin Jiefu (KinkleyJeffreyc) said: "" Border Town "is written in general mutually isolated human soul." Kim's view seems a little "separated."
We can borrow Shen Congwen's own words to understand the "Border Town": "...... in fact equal to the historical development and the tragic end of my little place nearly two centuries since the formation of the records to be embracing everything if accidental coincidence. but if the inevitable result of fate. "" ...... albeit written in the various water and a boat dock on the Yuan River Basin trackers sailor so trivial trivial dirge personnel gains and losses, in fact, for their past and present, are, with Various non-shaped ink painful worries, a premonition of their fate tomorrow - that such an ordinary humble life, is not easy to maintain, on the other hand will eventually suffer a huge potential destroyed from the outside like a different real life the same end in helpless situations "Marxist" opium trade history "in the eyes of Westerners, with one dollar terms the Eastern world history, the following words can help us to understand: the text of the Third World." Border Town "as a Western Hmong cultural impact of "national allegory" anti-modernity, and this "national allegory" and "anti-modernity" is its "modernity" lies.
"Semi Barbarian maintain moral principles, and the principles of civilized man has to fight to get rich. Population accounts for almost a third of mankind vast empire, regardless of the current situation, the status quo remains, due to the exclusion of the world is strongly linked outside the system and isolated and helpless, so trying to heavenly perfection of fantasy to deceive ourselves, such an empire finally die in such a desperate duel, in this duel, on behalf of the world is excited on trite moral standards, The most modern but it is representative of the community in order to obtain buy low and sell privilege - it is indeed a tragedy, even the poet's fantasy will never dare to create such a bizarre tragedy theme "" Border Town "is." This bizarre tragedy theme. "
Jade (Xi Valley) Spring and tears filled the reservoir, not Ken Ming stream and dark swallow (Yinke sentence).
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The famous American cultural critic FredricJameson said: third world texts, even those that might seem on individuals and libido is increasingly force within the text, always in the form of national allegory to cast a political: about personal destiny The story contains a fable third world popular culture and the social impact.
Mr. Shen's "Border Town", is one such on Miao "national allegory," the classic text.
Methods symbolic and psychological analysis of characters, perspective "Border Town" deep cultural metaphor, you can find Mr. Shen Congwen Xiangxi Miao culture, visual thinking and his totem Miao / Chinese, Chinese / Western cultural conflict thinking and worry.
(A)
Tracy Shen Miao culture from the eyes of the goddess culture, Shen Congwen as "other" (Western) vision to look out Miao curtain "essence."
"Tracy possessor long day in the wind, the skin becomes dark, striking for the mountains, a pair of eyes clear and bright as crystal nature and nurture both her and her education, and his lively, always seems like a small animal matter. who was so good, the same as the mountain yellow muntjac, never thought of cruel things, never worry, never angry. usually strangers to her some attention, he gave the bare eyes looked on the ferry After the stranger, proudly fled into the mountains can be made at any time of the air, but people understand inorganic heart, and from playing a leisurely waterside. "This image can be said to be" beautiful, healthy and natural. " However, this image also contains deep pain: "yellow, like deer fled into the mountains ...... at any time can be proudly" metaphor Han Miao ancestors under the pressure of migration from the Central Plains to the Dongting Lake region, and Su Yuan River back into Xiangxi mountains. Mountains is their last refuge and the free world, where they are "at home."
Tracy's image based on the Luxi wool shop girl, Qingdao Laoshan rural women and the "side of the bride," Mrs. Shen. "Border Town" in the love story, discussing cultural issues, discourse and cultural discourse intertwined. Tracy's image embodies the culture of the Oedipus complex Shen Congwen, sinking from the text inscribed on the Miao culture of endless Mourning and nostalgic.
Tracy's personal life is a tragedy, Tracy's father was a Pan-Tun-amyl soldiers, strictly speaking, for the purposes of the Hmong culture is a heterogeneous (heterogeneity). Tracy is itself the product of Chinese culture (paternal culture) and Miao culture (matrilineal culture) integration. Tracy tragic love from their parents, we can see that the Chinese culture unequal relationship with the Hmong culture, and this power relationship in the seedling / Chinese cultural history of the relationship between conflict and tragedy in history (eg Qian 嘉苗民 uprising).
Tracy Rootlessness this is undoubtedly a symbol of Oliver Miao culture.
"In a near miracle, which actually orphans grow up, then thirteen years old, a blink of an eye." Grandpa reading to do this personnel, weather-beaten old man is a symbol of the ancient history of the Hmong. "Grandpa and Tracy" Hmong "ancient ethnic, cultural young" image description. Tracy parents grandfather witnessed the tragedy, "the mouth is not blaming Heaven, but their hearts are not fully agree with this unfortunate arrangement." "He never thought his position for personal meaning, but quietly very loyal to live there." "Tracy big, he would have put Tracy to a man who is considered the end of things! To whom? Necessary parties are not the kind of person she wronged?" Elderly aging grandfather was only rely Tracy, "If my grandfather died," Tracy this history can be added to a new orphan footsteps of history go?
Yellow Dog dog dish with Hmong ancestor worship and myths about dogs, but also with two old Nuo send relevant. "Border Town" section X, two old dragon boat capsized drowning, Tracy denounced yellow dog, said: "? Well, pretend crazy, you are not rowing, whoever you fell into it" and "Feng Zi" Chapter III, the gentleman will his dog named "Nuo send" - "That gentleman received the letter on hand, commanded a large bird dog: 'exorcise send, open the door to stop,'" a symbol of Baita Hmong traditional values, such as customs honest, Valuing Loyalty, also said that Shen Congwen's "integrity naive human beauty."
Ferry Ferry only square head is very characteristic: a bamboo boat stand, hang a hoop, the two sides led some scrap cable. Some transition, hanging on the hoop scrap cable, pull the boat back and forth transition - it is a closed, monotonous imagery, is a river (linear time history of one dollar) is independent of the existence of the state, the ancient Hmong living metaphor way.
"Phoenix Beach Heights Beach is not fierce, well below the cages around; around the cages are easy, the Green Wave beach house big waves as Grandpa, you can lower the ferry Fengtan, Mainz Beach, Long Beach Youth do.? "Time Concept Tracy" gently humming sorcerer December votive please God in man playing the song "Please Chang, old, torrent, off Master, Yuchi public, Hong Xiuquan, Li and other" cloud slowly drop the line " "Today no harm to the seat!" - This is a primitive consciousness of time, where all the time sections: past, present and future are synchronic to show. Return to ancestor worship and prototypes based on the time described by myth and ritual celebrations during the holiday season, constantly reborn.
People border town festival with a record time of the Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Chinese New Year and other cycles, the Han regime change had little impact on them, in the Gregorian calendar (Christian era) have not yet entered the border town, it seems to Western eyes, "Border Town" in world history outside.
On the day and night of Hustle, Tracy guarding a ferry, day after day, living life is very tight. Baita guarding the jetty, a guard Tracy, guard Tracy dreams (Tracy in Baita afternoon sleep, dream of blackbirds singing the float).
(Two)
Tracy bigger, become more thinking, have become a dream - to see Wang's total home has a twist twisted silver bracelets, the hearts of some rhyme envy, crazy hair. "White chicken off a tiger bite, do not bite someone, send the first lady's total ...... wearing a pair of gold hairpin Sister, sister, wearing a pair of silver bracelet child, only I did not have anything to wear Sanmei, long wearing ear of bean sprouts. " By Tracy difference with other girls to know themselves, this is the "self" inevitable way to form.
The total cis boat house to propose marriage to Tracy, Tracy thought of many things: "Tiger bite story, with people shouting match four sentences head of folk songs, paper mill in the square pit, iron cupola in the escape of the plant iron syrup ...... "" Tiger bite Story "and Wang's total relevant. Wang dowry to grind room with two old claim kinship thing heavy pressure in Tracy heart, "white chicken off a tiger bite, do not bite people, to send the first lady's total", which is Tracy for "grind house dowry "This thing is unreal beyond.
"Four head of cattle folk are watching, firewood, cut ragweed child casually mess singing" - Tracy really young children out of the state yet.
"Party Pit" with sex (female thing), but also with death (grandfather's grave is a "square-well"). In a sense, Tracy (Hmong culture) newborn, adult, is the grandfather (Hmong ancient history) death. "Iron syrup" is a mature girl, sexual awakening - Tracy on the verge of girls and young women.
Tracy's age - fifteen-year-old girl - is critical. Miao culture, this "essence" (girl), Shen Congwen used as "other" western eyes look out; Or, where the Miao culture is "girl" of the. With the (Japanese) Bamboo good words: non-Western nation, "modernity" means first one is deprived of its own subjectivity status.
Tracy and Tate old couple's relationship is the main object of Hegelian dualism: Tracy is a girl, who was watching (spectacle) and the listener, always big dick men, to see who (spectator, Tate old couple Tracy Doukua too good looking) and speaker (matchmaking and singing). Tracy only with men (Han, Western) wake up and certainly, from teenage to adulthood, only to have the adult only "subjectivity." Tracy love happy, both Tracy personal mitzvah, but also the modern transformation of the Miao culture.
Here, the growth and development process of the development of Tracy personal history are synchronized. Through personal experience to show the nation's self-transformation, which is the mode Bildungsroman (German bildungsroman), of course, at the end of "Border Town", and Tracy's growth is not complete.
Tate old couple fall in love with Tracy, this is a historical conflict between two cultural ideas to compete for ownership of the Miao culture goddess occurred. Tate's image as well as their two old Tracy's different "views" and "argument" should follow "national discourse Password" to interpret.
(Three)
Tate's like a father - boat total cis.
Shen Congwen said cis prototype is "past" (1926.11) in the "eldest son of Tetra."
"Past" is an important episode: sitting on a Luokuang Li Shen Congwen and every man his brother, was the eldest son of Tetra bear from the city to the countryside. People Relations "past" in that: the eldest son of tetra - Big Brother - Brother Shen Congwen; figures Relations "Border Town" in are: cis - Tate Mary Rose - two old Nuo sent. "Border Town" in Tate's two old metaphor has been ready to come out. However, in my opinion, this image is cis "Western King" Chen Quzhen metaphor.
The total cis boat, is "a Qing when they mix live in camps in Kivu to the figures, when the revolutionary army in the famous forty-nine standard to be even longer," people do instead of deacons who pier when still only five years old.
"Western King" Chen Quzhen (1882 to 1952), the Phoenix man, forty-nine in 1906 marked the army officer corps, instead of 1920 when Western commanders Tian Ying Zhao led Western military 38 years old. At that time the eyes of Western military personnel, is the "father" of the image. Shen Congwen "From the autobiography," "Western" and many other works, drainage Jane Chen expressed admiration. "Inscription river" in the passage of Chen Zhen Shun Shun drainage are applicable: "where last year it longer, increasing physical exhaustion, emotional, almost in coagulation, its own non-free conservative only in this way, how much is still retained. Some Zhi Shi Zuoren beautiful noble demeanor. "
"Tate" image, is Chen Quzhen of Western military regime, the approximate age and Shen Congwen Xiangxi fellow soldier metaphor. In a sense, Shen Shen Yun Lu brother, cousin Topaz book, cousin Lin Shen, friends and Xiangxi young officer Gu Lu Qi, Daiji Tao, etc. are "Tate" prototype.
Cis people doing things like Tate, he said:. "Tracy Johnson too, and I worry that she only appropriate to hear people singing some tea Cave, Cave Women do not make tea all the serious things a wife I want to be able to listen to me a Singing Valentines, but more housework is not a lack of a wife, "Tracy to marry later in life, so Tate is envisaged:." if things somehow, I should take that old hand draw ferry me. love this thing, I also want to buy Bixi Tsui over two hills, on the southern boundary of the large species of bamboo, around this creek as my stockade! "Tate's idea is very reminiscent of 1923 Chen Quzhen The "Western autonomy." After 1920 Chen Quzhen any Western Guard army command, the whole army by Wu, destroy and Shi Fu, the unification of Western. He proposed "border security interest to the people" slogan, this independent kingdom in Xiangxi Xiangxi building behind closed doors. Chen Quzhen establishment of education, the establishment of a Teacher Training Institute, the Joint Model High School, Intermediate Girls, Girls occupation, etc., _set_ up all kinds of factories, industries, forest, etc., established the Western Rural banks and rural Hunan Institute. Chen Quzhen of "Western autonomy" is an important one in modern Western direction. Of course, Chen also has a conservative side. Each according to his natural villages were mostly Western surname family characteristics, follow the ancient tribal system to rule: the composition of the same family or a large insurance UNPROFOR; their surname under certain natural villages, the equivalent of a family, extended family also produced the following as "a joint ten households," the so-called nuclear family; certain rural tribal coalition administration, the appointment and removal by the mayor Chen Quzhen directly. Such layers based network, and finally by Chen dominate. So it was a metaphor Chen is "Xiangxi Tujia chiefs." Western also known as the "Chinese-style Cossack."
Tate asked Baoshan matchmaking to Tracy to marry him, without result. He knew he was not singing two old rivals, then abandon myself to leave the dong tea. Tate beach drowned in Mainz, seemed accidental. Later, the old couple said: "The old guy (by means grandfather) crooked man, not agile, he killed the Tate." This sentence is worth pondering. Grandpa is ancient history Hmong metaphor, Tate's death, contains some sort of inevitable.
"River · Inscription", said: "1934 winter, I return from Beijing because of something Western, by the Yuan River boat up, go home to Fenghuang township has eighteen years, one into Chen River. What is different. ostensibly, Shishiwuwu naturally have a great progress, try to pay careful attention to pay attention, we see the changing trends in the fall. most obvious thing that the rural community to maintain the integrity of that point naive human America, it demonstrated a few had almost disappeared, but it is instead of from the actual social culture for nearly two decades the only real success of a profit-vulgar life. ...... 'modern' word has come to Western, ...... then I think the only hope, a few prime of life, the simple minds of the noble ideal point can be cultured young officer, but that in their environment, is nothing like actually impossible to make. place tomorrow difficulties, we must deal with, we see plainly , no method can vary in personnel preparation in advance, so I wrote a novel called "Border Town", wrote Travels, named "Xiang Travelogue", the two works have appeared soldier in " Border Town "Inscription on, and had filed a problem, that intends to 'past' and 'current' control, so-called national character disappears and re-create, may proceed from any aspect." Shen Congwen the back Xiangxi, is writing "Border Town" time. Xiangxi ancient traditions, in the "modern" shock "a few almost disappeared demonstrated" the status quo; Shen Congwen had have only hope for young officers disappointment; and Shen Congwen of "national character disappears and re-made, possibly from what aspects started "thinking about this issue, Shen Congwen writing" Border Town "The fundamental cause. Contents of these three aspects, by Tracy, Tate, the old couple were expressed in the three images.
"Border Town" inscription says: "My grandfather, father and brother, all out body dishonorably discharged, the dead did not dare to die on duty, die inevitably will end his life on the job." "A Romance" and in said: "...... Since such a bizarre tradition, a way out of all young people are inevitably pinned on all intelligence officers and outstanding talent, are also summarized absorbed all this despite the huge real simple organization and succession. Consumption in the organization, while the organization in the country in the province, but if completely isolated or free, nor are owned by non belongs. ...... pick Tian (which means the Tian Ying Zhao) Chen Quzhen hand, the mind is newer, but the ambition and not, in fact, psychological or 'isolated separatist captive' to prevail. ...... which naturally have a problem, that the progress of internal tying, can not cope with the strength of any other design improvements. ...... he is very strict self-discipline Moreover, studious, new books are read a certain level, but it also does not encourage men to read, so many and reading fewer officers day man-days, when the inevitable becomes unable to cope. externally isolated to maintain a consistent state, a lot of misunderstandings, and more taboo, the more strength increasingly increased and all aspects of organizational relationships isolated, the greater our own strength, but also increases the more difficult ...... reminds me of that little mountain grown over the past two centuries various. ...... in social change in my hometown and Other local youth life and death, and death due to this piece of land upstream alternately every innocent blood, and tears and more on how to increase the difficulty give enough progress tomorrow and I think the social context for the development of the young generation formed by emotions, desire and motivation, lack of truly great thinkers of both guidance and induction, energetic and often many people do not know how to play effectively, the result will inevitably still consumes one end of the tragic fate of almost periodic. "sense" Tate "Even without dying Rapids, are bound to muddle died of various civil wars and strife (such as Shen Shen Lin's cousin and brother and so far over t), or the time and opium destroyed (such as" care of the nose friend "Indian blind and" wife "Zhao Kaiming, etc.). Tragedy is fatalistic.
Shen Congwen keen to see the "big men" tragic fate, he does not want to get Tracy Tate. Shen Congwen It seems impossible to Tracy Tate get "subjectivity", it is impossible to make a modern Western, so let Tate died in the rapids. This is Shen Congwen Western eyes, on to Chen Quzhen represented by their Western fellow Tate profound cultural critique ("national character" critical).
Shen Congwen Xiangxi soldiers, sailors, farmers as the protagonist works such as "will out", "Bai Zi", "captain", "Legend is not surprising," "Counsellor", "Da-phase", "your life", "a Romance "and" Hunan Travelogue "in" a treasure nose friends "," wife "and for us to portray a variety of" Tate "image, can be seen as" Tate "series, which, when otherwise specifically discussed.
(Four)
The image of two old Shen Congwen own metaphor.
Shen Congwen are "brother" name appears in many of his autobiographical works. Shen Congwen and the old couple's personality in many ways similar to: "My father tolerance have less impact on yield in more like mom." "Temperament close to the white face black mother, very quiet, but the show pulled eyebrows group, glance clever and rich in its human feelings." They have a poetic temperament, good at singing love songs (written love letter). "Border Town" and proposed to replace two old Tate singing, Shen cousin Topaz instead of writing a love letter in Changde had.
Shen Congwen himself with such an analysis, "Tate were" distinction: "...... thanks to a chance, a small number of common trends outside drifted outside this vicious cycle (press 'common trends' and 'vicious cycle' refers to Chen Quzhen and other Western soldiers The tragic fate) ...... me and this one was Jiqing Qing woodcut artists (by means huang), may represent just a small place to another scenario: same deal at the way of life, and local habits are completely free , while for local enthusiasm and delusion, but are still very strong, lends stability combined into various small development. "Well, the old couple's fate is better than a Tate? Tracy grown old couple make it? Old couple love each other and Tracy Wyatt, however, between two old mill house dowry and Tracy Wang's total home Miss files. In Hmong culture - Han culture - Western culture that multiple power relations, "grind house dowry" This imagery has a multi-cultural meaning, we analyzed from three aspects.
1) Tracy - grind house - Wang "grind house dowry" This thing, for the traditional Miao culture Tracy represented in terms of a heterogeneous. "Tracy thought;. 'Grind house dowry, surprising things blanket'" In some people,. "Grind house a new dowry, better than some of the ten many years," "a grinding room breath, to be received daily seven liters meters, three measures of chaff. "
This heterogeneous, and the border town traditional Valuing Loyalty opposite of simple folk, the only real profit-values quietly entered the border town, irresistible to change people's way of life. "'Modern' word has come to a Western" and that "the enormous potential from the outside on the other hand," will destroy the traditional way of life on the basis of unprecedented depth and breadth Western world crumbling ancient traditions.
As Marx said:. "Bourgeoisie, by the rapid improvement of all instruments of production, by the immensely facilitated communication, draws all, even the most barbarian nations into civilization to the cheap prices of its commodities, it is used to Destroy all the Great Wall, to conquer the most stubborn xenophobia It compels all nations barbarians heavy artillery - if they do not want to die, then - adopt the bourgeois mode of production; it compels them to introduce what it calls civilization in their own system, that becomes bourgeois. sentence, which according to his own face to create a world for themselves.
Bourgeois country succumbed to the city to make the rule. It has created enormous cities, has greatly increased the urban population than rural, and has thus rescued a considerable part of the population from the idiocy of rural life. Just as it makes the country dependent on the towns, it makes barbarian and semi-barbarian countries dependent on the civilized ones, farmers belonging to ethnic nationalities bourgeois, the East on the West. "" Tracy hearts disorderly, ...... 'seven-year-old grandfather of this year, the song ...... six years - white duck bird who sent it? Good luck ...... get Nianzishan of Nianzishan have an even more good luck? ...... '"" Tracy felt as if something is missing. Seeing this day seems to have passed, would like to cling to it on a new personnel, but they do not. Seems too mundane life unbearable. "So, Tracy imagine leaving -
"I want a boat under the Taoyuan County had Dongting Lake, the city is gong to let Grandpa go get me a lantern torches to find my spot.", "Home" is a very cultural meaning of imagery, is very "modern". Because by the impact of Western modernity, "at home" feeling (homogeneous state) was broken, the traditional harmony of the world is no longer complete, homes in ruins. So you want to run away - to find spiritual home.
Grandpa how to do that? "How do you take a knife and put the burden, the ride 下水船 kill her?!" Tracy frightened, cried: "! Grandpa, Grandpa, you rowed back that way," "I want you! "Tracy needs grandfather, the need for traditional, she could not cut history.
Tracy "sitting on a cliff, it felt sad.", "Cliff" this imagery accurately reveals the plight of Tracy brink of the abyss, a dilemma: wake up, but nowhere to go - this is all non-Western peoples and cultures the face of the impact of Western modernity common destiny.
If Tracy really ran away, then what Tracy was gone? -
"Or are really only two ways: not fallen, is back" (Lu Xun language). Shen Congwen Xiangxi girl or woman as the protagonist of the novel, such as "a woman", "rustling", "three-three", "clever show and Winter Health", "husband", "hamlet" and can be seen as "Tracy series. " In these novels, we can see Tracy's "running away", and they in "Fallen" and "back" desperate struggle between the mentality.
2) old couple - grind house - Wang grind house is a closed, circular imagery, linear flow of water into the stone will grind the cycle, can be seen as a symbol of the Han culture (Shen Congwen's paternal culture).
Wang's total home to "grind house dowry" and the boat house total cis marriage, is very reminiscent of modern Western Tian (Xing Shu) home, Shen (AGF) home, and bears (Greek age) home very complex laws relationships. According to the "Autobiography · Women from difficult", while in 1921, Yuan Shen Congwen states, there are four squire's daughter for his _select_ion, one of which is Shen aunt cousin, Bear Jie three (Xiling seven brothers) daughter. "Four girls born too are very decent, than the other and that one (which means the sink unrequited horse girl) much stronger, usually can not hope to get all the girls." "If fate does give me some tortured, so allow me to put away the years, I think that by this time I should do a little local gentleman, my wife must be a slight property businessman's daughter, I must have done two terms The governor also must have done more than four children's father, but inevitably learned smoking opium. according to circumstances seems that my life is to be developed in such a formula inside. " "A strange destiny, about to put my 攫去 from such vulgar life, and then placed into misfortune in various thereafter, so I was with my relatives say: 'That's not, I will not be your son, nor for shop the boss's son, I had planned to give myself according to my own plans for the go '. "" grind house dowry "indicates that lifestyle is in" a formula in Development "and" vulgar life ", which Shen Congwen from Hmong ancient culture a very strong passion and personality development of delusion and less stability is very incompatible. By Shen Congwen's own words: "I do not need you called 'social' for the development of that thing, I hate the general standard, especially beetles eclipse what thinkers distorted human folly and _set_ the hypocrite." Old couple on the "grind house dowry" revolt can be seen on the Han Shen Congwen against cultural hegemony.
3) old couple - grind house - Ferry "I do not know if I should have to stand grind house, or should have a ferry, or my life where I can only stay a ferry!" Here, "ferry" is a Hmong cultural particularity symbol "grind house" is a "huge potential from the outside on the other hand" - the universal symbol of the Han culture and Western culture.
_Select_ ferry means to defend traditional Hmong culture and specificity. However, the two old "memories of her brother's death." Perhaps, it seems the old couple, Tracy as the symbol of love, like saxifrage, "Beautiful is often toxic"?
_Select_ grind house means recognition of Han culture and the universality of Western culture, to give up its own particularity. Thus, this historical Tracy will never be abandoned orphan history, Shen text also will lose his place to _set_tle down.
Shen Congwen old couple caught in a dilemma: "I stay here to enjoy the absurd passion, listening to the Son of God which dominated his life, or put her away, that was brought wealth, power, and courtesy, morality, human urban clothing, barbers, distorted human to abuse this semi-primitive biological body and soul? "It seems the old couple, Tracy, Baita, ferry are inextricably linked, Tracy must get passed down from grandfather inherited the old ferry In other words, the only way to fall in love with Tracy and the result is inherited ferry. Left the White Tower, Ferry, Tracy will not become Tracy; and Tracy represent the Miao culture completely heterogeneous urban civilization will devour this "semi-primitive biological body and soul."
Shen Congwen plight of Western powers and cultural logic caused. West to make their own culture in the process of globalization, through the "looking for his sexual" to get self-awareness. West is always described by non-Western cultures as the particularity of things, in order to establish the universality of Western culture. "Looking otherness" approach with the globalization of Western culture, has become all the non-Western peoples of the world and their own understanding of the basic method. Shen Congwen Xiangxi Miao cultural heritage (nature) understanding can only use the "find his nature" approach to those of his own cultural perspective to his person - actually lies to the West as universal see their particularity. If there is no universal carrier of the West as it is impossible to find their specificity (nature) in their own fields. Universality in Hegel - particularity dualistic relationship, the more stressed the particularity of non-Western cultures, the more enhanced the universality of Western culture, with particularity against universality can only exacerbate the problem (exacerbate ).
Shen Congwen impartial analysis on yourself: "I am still not free from the shackles of another local limitations, and capricious 'age' ethos that is out of tune if Yan Therefore, like other local people can not help but like with the real differences. fate, sooner or later will be stiff servant on another battlefield, accepted the same tragic ending. "
"Another local limitations" can be understood as the Hmong culture Shen Congwen emphasize their value and specificity against Han Chinese and Western cultural hegemony of cultural relativism (CulturalRelativism) position. "Capricious mood of the times" refers to the development of modernity in the rush to build a modern nation-state of China, various beyond, mutual scorn cultural universalism (CulturalUniveralism) thought.
In the existing power order, with cultural relativism (Hmong culture based) against Western cultural universalism may not destined to succeed, and this is Shen Congwen "on another battlefield," "the same tragic ending."
Old couple "was forced to accept the tall house grind house, meaning the ferry is still so angry downside," away from home. Tate knew that singing is not two old rivals, to abandon myself to leave the Cave of tea.
"Western · Inscription" Lane said: "Western until today, production, construction, education, culture in comparison, everything seems backward, general discussion considered 'poor land barren people', which is really saying goes wrong. older can borrow from mockery, young people never shirking appropriate to the young people below the age of twenty more must recognize clear: This is Xiangxi bloom and bloom with abandon myself to abandon myself have been the result of two things, the former is out! intrepid mountain nature, the latter for the lack of knowledge of habit; weakness into one of two, so have a very stubborn refusal of his sexual ...... bloom with abandon myself to make Xiangxi place called Miaoman bandits. Zone. " Tate were two old and seems to have a "bloom with abandon myself" character. Here, the "bloom" is to defend tradition, against Han Chinese and Western hegemony; "abandon myself" because of a lack of knowledge (of course, "Western knowledge"). "Bloom and abandon myself to make the place was known as the Western Miaoman bandit zone", that is similar to Li Zehou "Salvation Overpowering Enlightenment," said. In fact, salvation and enlightenment are unified, and the Western powers. Since the Industrial Revolution took the lead in the West, into the modern, forcing the development of non-Western peoples have modern, building a modern nation-state. For non-Western nation, the Enlightenment is itself a national salvation, but salvation is the purpose of enlightenment, their common goal is to build a modern nation-state. This is reflected in Shen Congwen body: Shen Congwen in all his on Western works, have adopted the enlightenment and salvation of the double discourse, both for the Miao culture of traditional romantic looking for, or the Western Association of Tate's Stern National Critique only one purpose, and that is: to make Xiangxi no longer "be called Miaoman bandit area."
(E)
A thunderstorm in the evening, the old ferry was washed away, and is related to feng shui Baita 坍倒 the border town, full of apprehension grandfather died, the ancient history of the Hmong interrupted. Baita grandfather was buried in the back of dumping destroyed.
Tracy was the mother of a young man singing Young horsemen took over grandfather, arrange everything Tracy. "I want a grandpa like, you like people to receive this ferry! Not like our views, I may be old, but also take the machete with them desperately."
"We", "them" two words intriguing. People in the border town of "us" and "them" to understand their differences and antagonism, and trying to maintain their own cultural identity, against the impact of different cultures. This is a typical "looking for his sexual" approach, the West and the world to recognize their own way, because the Western powers, has become a non-Western understanding of the method itself and the world. We see non-Western revolt against the West, the West had to use logic (Hegel dualism), this can only mean recognition and strengthened against the Western powers and cultural logic, but the problem is that the non-use It can not be! This "fate" means.
Tracy knows his opponent do? Border town of people understand this tragedy means?
Baita re-repaired (this is the dream of Shen Congwen - have strongly demanded restoration of the integrity of the existence of the lost). Tracy still get the ferry, waiting for the return of the old couple. Tracy was a young girl.
Tracy only wait.
The old couple had not come back dong tea.
"This man may never come back, maybe 'tomorrow' back!" But this old couple on the eastern Sichuan Taoyuan under Shen Congwen border town to find the way to return it?
(Six)
Keynote on "Border Town", and Shen Congwen himself said: "I want to show this is a 'form of life' kind of 'beautiful, healthy, natural' without almost perverse form of human life." Shen Congwen call "human nature" concept in mind and Shen Congwen Hmong cultural traditions (essentially) the same category. Shen Congwen use "regulation heterogeneous distribution" (regulatethedistributionofheterogeneous) method, first constructed nature of identity in the Miao culture discourse - this is completely homogeneous (homogeneous) field is essentially a pure language status - Then exclude heterogeneity found in life go to the West, the West became their "otherness", with "other" eyes to see their nature (traditional). Shen Congwen trying to develop a universal essence from the Miao culture (specificity) in order to establish his "human temple" to Han and cultural universalism against the West. This is the cultural relativism of Shen Congwen (Hmong culture based) position, and the philosophical basis of Shen Congwen oeuvre.
By Shen Congwen's own words: "You are afraid of the fact that tomorrow, or that you hate all the facts, ideas strongly consequent close past, sometimes abstract and can not close the past, making your life a stable anchor stone." "The abstract of the past," refers to the nature of the Hmong culture, identity, Hegel said that "universal homogenous areas." "Stability anchor stone of life" is the life guard Shen Congwen "human." (Shen Congwen Xiangxi is how to find the "human nature"? What does this "human nature" kernel? These issues when otherwise specifically discussed below.)
About "Border Town", Shen said: "I would dream of a repressed everything written on paper ...... full of goodness, but everywhere is unfortunate since it is no coincidence, hospice inevitably arise consequent naive tragedy ... .. ... This way, my past painful struggle, no arrangements redneck repressed longing for love, in this unfortunate story, side got excretion and compensate. " This is Shen Congwen through the "Border Town" sustenance real explanation of his Oedipus complex culture, but also points out the "Border Town" tragic story. Jin Jiefu (KinkleyJeffreyc) said: "" Border Town "is written in general mutually isolated human soul." Kim's view seems a little "separated."
We can borrow Shen Congwen's own words to understand the "Border Town": "...... in fact equal to the historical development and the tragic end of my little place nearly two centuries since the formation of the records to be embracing everything if accidental coincidence. but if the inevitable result of fate. "" ...... albeit written in the various water and a boat dock on the Yuan River Basin trackers sailor so trivial trivial dirge personnel gains and losses, in fact, for their past and present, are, with Various non-shaped ink painful worries, a premonition of their fate tomorrow - that such an ordinary humble life, is not easy to maintain, on the other hand will eventually suffer a huge potential destroyed from the outside like a different real life the same end in helpless situations "Marxist" opium trade history "in the eyes of Westerners, with one dollar terms the Eastern world history, the following words can help us to understand: the text of the Third World." Border Town "as a Western Hmong cultural impact of "national allegory" anti-modernity, and this "national allegory" and "anti-modernity" is its "modernity" lies.
"Semi Barbarian maintain moral principles, and the principles of civilized man has to fight to get rich. Population accounts for almost a third of mankind vast empire, regardless of the current situation, the status quo remains, due to the exclusion of the world is strongly linked outside the system and isolated and helpless, so trying to heavenly perfection of fantasy to deceive ourselves, such an empire finally die in such a desperate duel, in this duel, on behalf of the world is excited on trite moral standards, The most modern but it is representative of the community in order to obtain buy low and sell privilege - it is indeed a tragedy, even the poet's fantasy will never dare to create such a bizarre tragedy theme "" Border Town "is." This bizarre tragedy theme. "
Jade (Xi Valley) Spring and tears filled the reservoir, not Ken Ming stream and dark swallow (Yinke sentence).
Translated by Google
沈从文小说创作中最引人注目的，是那些描绘社会人生苦难，展示湘西健全的生命形态的小说。这些作品展开了一幅幅生气流溢的湘西生活画面，在这里，秀丽的山水与惊人的贫困相伴，勇敢纯朴的民性与野蛮愚昧并存，歌与哭、善与恶，美与丑相缠难分。这是一个奇异的世界，沈从文经由这一题材的开掘，为现代中国文学提供了一个从未有人描绘过的、多彩多姿的湘西世界，极大地丰富了上世纪二十年代鲁迅开创的乡土文学创作，并把现代抒情小说创作向前大大地推进了一步。
神巫之爱(一) 神巫之爱(二) 神巫之爱(三) 神巫之爱(四) 神巫之爱(五) 神巫之爱(六)
神巫之爱(一) 神巫之爱(二) 神巫之爱(三) 神巫之爱(四) 神巫之爱(五) 神巫之爱(六)
作者：沈从文
题记
人与地
秋（动中有静）
橘子园主人和一个老水手
吕家坪的人事
摘橘子——黑中俏和枣子脸
买橘子
一有事总不免麻烦
枫木坳
巧而不巧
社戏
制作
题记
人与地
秋（动中有静）
橘子园主人和一个老水手
吕家坪的人事
摘橘子——黑中俏和枣子脸
买橘子
一有事总不免麻烦
枫木坳
巧而不巧
社戏
制作
作者：沈从文
第一卷
后序
第01章
第02章
第03章
第04章
第05章
第06章
第07章
第08章
第09章
第10章
第二卷
序
第01章
第02章
第03章
第04章
第05章
第06章
第07章
第08章
第09章
第10章
第一卷
后序
第01章
第02章
第03章
第04章
第05章
第06章
第07章
第08章
第09章
第10章
第二卷
序
第01章
第02章
第03章
第04章
第05章
第06章
第07章
第08章
第09章
第10章
沈从文小说创作中最引人注目的，是那些描绘社会人生苦难，展示湘西健全的生命形态的小说。这些作品展开了一幅幅生气流溢的湘西生活画面，在这里，秀丽的山水与惊人的贫困相伴，勇敢纯朴的民性与野蛮愚昧并存，歌与哭、善与恶，美与丑相缠难分。这是一个奇异的世界，沈从文经由这一题材的开掘，为现代中国文学提供了一个从未有人描绘过的、多彩多姿的湘西世界，极大地丰富了上世纪二十年代鲁迅开创的乡土文学创作，并把现代抒情小说创作向前大大地推进了一步。
一个母亲
老实人 船上岸上 雪 连长
我的邻 在私塾 一个妇人的日记 好管闲事的人
或人的太太 喽罗 卒伍 爹爹
建设 绅士的太太 丈夫 灯
都市一妇人 厨子 春 若墨医生
月下小景 寻觅 女人 扇陀
爱欲 猎人故事 一个农夫的故事 医生
慷慨的王子 腐烂 夜的空间 三个男人和一个女人
平凡故事 主妇 贵生 大小阮
王谢子弟 生存 三贝先生家训 福生
第二个狒狒 崖下诗人 画家师兄 棉鞋
副官 一天是这样过的 宋代表 瑞龙
赌道 堂兄 菌子 更夫阿韩
黎明 哨兵 一个晚会 旅店
阿金 七个野人与迎春节 雨
往事 玫瑰与九妹 夜渔 代狗
腊八粥 占领 槐化镇 入伍后
屠桌边 炉边 松子君 传事兵
岚生和岚生太太 记陆弢 或人的家庭 十四夜间
龙朱 参军 媚金，豹子，与那羊 阙名故事
说故事人的故事 看虹录 陌生的地方陌生的人 动静
在别一个国度里 除夕 逃的前一天 夫妇
血 楼居 一个女人 道德与智慧
躁 倪之先生转 战争到某市以后 石子船
夜 还乡 渔 道师与道场
一日的故事 上城里来的人 黄昏
沈从文简介
一个母亲
老实人 船上岸上 雪 连长
我的邻 在私塾 一个妇人的日记 好管闲事的人
或人的太太 喽罗 卒伍 爹爹
建设 绅士的太太 丈夫 灯
都市一妇人 厨子 春 若墨医生
月下小景 寻觅 女人 扇陀
爱欲 猎人故事 一个农夫的故事 医生
慷慨的王子 腐烂 夜的空间 三个男人和一个女人
平凡故事 主妇 贵生 大小阮
王谢子弟 生存 三贝先生家训 福生
第二个狒狒 崖下诗人 画家师兄 棉鞋
副官 一天是这样过的 宋代表 瑞龙
赌道 堂兄 菌子 更夫阿韩
黎明 哨兵 一个晚会 旅店
阿金 七个野人与迎春节 雨
往事 玫瑰与九妹 夜渔 代狗
腊八粥 占领 槐化镇 入伍后
屠桌边 炉边 松子君 传事兵
岚生和岚生太太 记陆弢 或人的家庭 十四夜间
龙朱 参军 媚金，豹子，与那羊 阙名故事
说故事人的故事 看虹录 陌生的地方陌生的人 动静
在别一个国度里 除夕 逃的前一天 夫妇
血 楼居 一个女人 道德与智慧
躁 倪之先生转 战争到某市以后 石子船
夜 还乡 渔 道师与道场
一日的故事 上城里来的人 黄昏
沈从文简介
一封未付邮的信 流光 市集 狂人书简
怯步者笔记 西山的月 laomei zuohen 游二闸
海上通讯 街 三年前的十一月二十二日 时间
沉默 致唯刚先生 水云 从现实学习
二十年代新文学 从新文学转到历史文物 常德的船 沅陵的人
白河流域几个码头 芦溪，浦市，箱子岩 辰溪的煤 沅水上游的几个县份
凤凰 苗民问题
怯步者笔记 西山的月 laomei zuohen 游二闸
海上通讯 街 三年前的十一月二十二日 时间
沉默 致唯刚先生 水云 从现实学习
二十年代新文学 从新文学转到历史文物 常德的船 沅陵的人
白河流域几个码头 芦溪，浦市，箱子岩 辰溪的煤 沅水上游的几个县份
凤凰 苗民问题
本卷所收，包括了两个方面的内容：一、《从文自传》及一组有关沈从文生平经历的自叙；二、沈从文为自己的创作集所写的序、跋、题记、艺文题识以及《废邮存底》等谈论文学艺术的文字。
1932年暑假，沈从文在青岛完成了《从文自传》。这部作品出版后曾被周作人和老舍认为是“一九三四年我爱读的书”。《从文自传》讲述的是1902-1922年沈从文进入都市前的人生经历，即沈从文的湘西经历，他曾这样谈及《从文自传》的创作：
就个人记忆到的写下去，既可温习一下个人生命发展过程，也可让读者明白我是在怎样环境下活过来的一个人。特别是在生活陷于完全绝望中，还能充满勇气和信心始终坚持工作，他的动力来源何在。
通过写自传来“温习一下个人生命发展过程”，其目的并不仅仅是追忆，更重要的是在对自我生命的反思中，展开自身与自身的对话，为当下自我寻根，并以此敞开通向未来的路。《从文自传》中对过去的追忆始终联系着目前生命情状。在追溯过去的人生经历时，其时间指向始终是现时的“我”。他曾这样回忆这段时期： “民廿过了青岛，海边的天与水，云物和草木，重新教育我，洗炼我，启发我。又因为空暇较多，不在图书馆即到野外，我的笔有了更多方面的试探。且起始认识了自己。”《从文自传》的写作，正是沈从文“认识自己”的一个重要事件。而完成这一自我认同，对于沈从文的创作无疑是极具意义的。在《从文自传》中，我们可以看到沈从文的湘西经历是如何影响到他的创作，他的创作与这段经历有着怎样不可分割的关系。而在《从文自传》后不久，沈从文也就迎来了他创作的第一个高峰期。
《略传》、《从现实学习》、《我的学习》、《我怎么就写起小说来》，均属于生平的自叙。这些文字，虽然议论多于叙事，却更为显在地展示出沈从文在不同历史时期的心路历程及不同现实处境中对自我的不同认知。《往来书信·1949》是沈从文1949年书信的集成。对了解沈从文精神历程而言，1949年是极其重要的一年。这一年，沈从文染上了类似“迫害狂”的精神疾病。这组书信，真实而集中地记录了沈从文从发病到痊愈的所思所想、所疑所惧，勾画出他在特定历史情境中的心理及精神轨迹。就个人经历而言，这虽然只是沈从文的“个案”，却典型地再现了历史转折关头，中国知识分子宿命式的悲剧存在。
“序跋”中所收文章，均为沈从文为自己创作集所写序、跋、题记。这些小文不仅体现了沈从文独特的文学观和艺术观，同时也呈现出沈从文极具个人特色的序跋风格。本卷还收录了沈从文曾结集出版过的《废邮存底》以及后来在《云南看云集》中收入的《新废邮存底》中的部分文章，以及沈从文论文学艺术创作的文字，包括《论技巧》、《谈进步》、《短篇小说》、《论特写》等。从这些文论中，不难窥见沈从文独特的文学艺术观。
1932年暑假，沈从文在青岛完成了《从文自传》。这部作品出版后曾被周作人和老舍认为是“一九三四年我爱读的书”。《从文自传》讲述的是1902-1922年沈从文进入都市前的人生经历，即沈从文的湘西经历，他曾这样谈及《从文自传》的创作：
就个人记忆到的写下去，既可温习一下个人生命发展过程，也可让读者明白我是在怎样环境下活过来的一个人。特别是在生活陷于完全绝望中，还能充满勇气和信心始终坚持工作，他的动力来源何在。
通过写自传来“温习一下个人生命发展过程”，其目的并不仅仅是追忆，更重要的是在对自我生命的反思中，展开自身与自身的对话，为当下自我寻根，并以此敞开通向未来的路。《从文自传》中对过去的追忆始终联系着目前生命情状。在追溯过去的人生经历时，其时间指向始终是现时的“我”。他曾这样回忆这段时期： “民廿过了青岛，海边的天与水，云物和草木，重新教育我，洗炼我，启发我。又因为空暇较多，不在图书馆即到野外，我的笔有了更多方面的试探。且起始认识了自己。”《从文自传》的写作，正是沈从文“认识自己”的一个重要事件。而完成这一自我认同，对于沈从文的创作无疑是极具意义的。在《从文自传》中，我们可以看到沈从文的湘西经历是如何影响到他的创作，他的创作与这段经历有着怎样不可分割的关系。而在《从文自传》后不久，沈从文也就迎来了他创作的第一个高峰期。
《略传》、《从现实学习》、《我的学习》、《我怎么就写起小说来》，均属于生平的自叙。这些文字，虽然议论多于叙事，却更为显在地展示出沈从文在不同历史时期的心路历程及不同现实处境中对自我的不同认知。《往来书信·1949》是沈从文1949年书信的集成。对了解沈从文精神历程而言，1949年是极其重要的一年。这一年，沈从文染上了类似“迫害狂”的精神疾病。这组书信，真实而集中地记录了沈从文从发病到痊愈的所思所想、所疑所惧，勾画出他在特定历史情境中的心理及精神轨迹。就个人经历而言，这虽然只是沈从文的“个案”，却典型地再现了历史转折关头，中国知识分子宿命式的悲剧存在。
“序跋”中所收文章，均为沈从文为自己创作集所写序、跋、题记。这些小文不仅体现了沈从文独特的文学观和艺术观，同时也呈现出沈从文极具个人特色的序跋风格。本卷还收录了沈从文曾结集出版过的《废邮存底》以及后来在《云南看云集》中收入的《新废邮存底》中的部分文章，以及沈从文论文学艺术创作的文字，包括《论技巧》、《谈进步》、《短篇小说》、《论特写》等。从这些文论中，不难窥见沈从文独特的文学艺术观。
序
《凤子》题记
一、寄居青岛的生活
二、一个黄昏
三、隐者朋友
四、某一个晚上绅士的客厅里
五、一个被地图所遗忘的地方
六、矿场
七、去矿山的路上
八、在栗林中
九、日与夜
十、神之再现
《凤子》题记
一、寄居青岛的生活
二、一个黄昏
三、隐者朋友
四、某一个晚上绅士的客厅里
五、一个被地图所遗忘的地方
六、矿场
七、去矿山的路上
八、在栗林中
九、日与夜
十、神之再现
谈不上非常的喜欢，但是却有些特别。如果说想看看沈从文是怎样写言情小说的，不妨看看这个中篇的故事。
文前的序和所谓的自序，点出了本文是描写主人公如何决心抛却工作，离开北平北上为兵/匪的过程。不过且住，不要以为这是一部主旋律描写正面主人公怎样立志，成长，最终决心要弃笔从戎的热血青春小说。这其实是一部描写纠结在婚外不伦恋爱的主人公那复杂，自怨自艾，很有些私小说的意味在内的‘言情小说’。
更让人有些意外的是，文中用的是‘我’第一人称，加上描写感情时的炽热逼真，当我读到主人公在身边女子之间左右逢迎，情感牵绊愈加复杂的时候，实在是有点小小的震动，这简直就是一部晚间八点档的狗血连续剧，还是特长的那种。
老实说，我读得有点艰难，可是当我读到文末的最后一篇日记时，却被这对序中所提的变故毫无解释的嘎然而止给感动了，特别是这么一篇日记中的用词用句，显然已经和前面那冗长而黏糊的篇幅迥然两样，仿佛是振翅的凤凰，从庸碌的鸟群中苏醒，随随便便的一跃，便有了要翱翔于九天的气势。
我忍不住要大段摘抄如下，这些恍惚间看到那《龙朱》时期的风采的文字：“ ……
我不能说明这惊讶神气。
她把眉略蹙。
我走过床边去。我静了，不怕了。不促了。举眼望一切。
房中没有灯，白的月，正从大的窗上映进一大方白光，姨的头，姨的肩，姨的夹被
的半截，以及地板上面姨的白鞋袜，全都浴在月光里。
这是一种梦的景致与梦的行为。
人是站在床边了，她把身略移向里边，让我坐。坐下了，没有话。我并不望这维纳
丝神，我却望着月。
一种诗人的呆性子在我灵魂里潜伏，我是每每遇到月就痴痴呆呆忘了人我的。
姨的无袖的手臂，从被里伸出，把这臂引我向她望月光下的脸，更白了。我轻轻叹
息。
姨的眉展开，微笑了。
……
在一种沉默的长期拥抱里，我认识了人间的美了。
那长长的发，披散到肩后，象用黑夜所搓成。那肩，是软玉。那乳，照所罗门歌说
法，是一对小白鹿。
“你去了吧，我很害怕！”
“我们是，分担着惊怕也分担着欢娱，我才大胆来！”
“我不是不爱你，我怕她们会听到。”
“我因了爱你，才冒这种险来这里！”
用那柔软象五根嫩葱的手引我的手到她胸边去，心是卜卜跳得如一面敲着的小鼓。
但我把手移动了地方，没有畏缩。
我的手，从此镀上一层永生柔腻感觉的金了。
姨慢慢的睡下去。
“我的妹子，你身如百合花，在你身上我可以嗅出百合花的香气……”我轻轻唱着一首所罗门的歌，颂我对神的虔敬。
我从此可以放心了。倘若照僧侣所传，人死将受那最后的审判，到上帝面前去秤量我善恶，或者游十殿，谒见那各式各样脸相的阎王，我将有话说。凡是我应做的，我已经做了。一个没有得到她分内应得到的爱情的人，我服从了神的意旨，已给了这个人了。神所造的这个女人的灵魂，被恶男子在那上面玷污过有痕迹的，我用我的爱为洗刷过一道了。我为使这女人了解你大神在青年男子身上赋予的气力与热情，我所以去爱她。我让她在我身上觉悟她是配做一个年青人妻子和一个年青人的情人，……我还愿意给她爱的认识以外再给她以对现世不满的指示，因为你大神既把她雕琢成得如此美丽，却赋予一个如此驯良安分乐生的性格，更处置她永远到一个顶肮脏的人身边，这最苛刻最不公平的待遇，我要她知道你司命运之神的可诅！”
读到末了一段，我才终于有点省悟，沈从文写这文字的意义。从那时起，这个来自湘西的年轻人，就只相信爱可以，也只必须给配得上且应得的人，无所谓礼教和身份——正如他后来一直相信文字只应当献给美，而不是政治和主义一样。
或许不赞同小说里主人公的做法，但是我依然尊敬沈从文这样的理念
(『丰城 』 【转】读沈从文-《篁君日记》笔记 )
文前的序和所谓的自序，点出了本文是描写主人公如何决心抛却工作，离开北平北上为兵/匪的过程。不过且住，不要以为这是一部主旋律描写正面主人公怎样立志，成长，最终决心要弃笔从戎的热血青春小说。这其实是一部描写纠结在婚外不伦恋爱的主人公那复杂，自怨自艾，很有些私小说的意味在内的‘言情小说’。
更让人有些意外的是，文中用的是‘我’第一人称，加上描写感情时的炽热逼真，当我读到主人公在身边女子之间左右逢迎，情感牵绊愈加复杂的时候，实在是有点小小的震动，这简直就是一部晚间八点档的狗血连续剧，还是特长的那种。
老实说，我读得有点艰难，可是当我读到文末的最后一篇日记时，却被这对序中所提的变故毫无解释的嘎然而止给感动了，特别是这么一篇日记中的用词用句，显然已经和前面那冗长而黏糊的篇幅迥然两样，仿佛是振翅的凤凰，从庸碌的鸟群中苏醒，随随便便的一跃，便有了要翱翔于九天的气势。
我忍不住要大段摘抄如下，这些恍惚间看到那《龙朱》时期的风采的文字：“ ……
我不能说明这惊讶神气。
她把眉略蹙。
我走过床边去。我静了，不怕了。不促了。举眼望一切。
房中没有灯，白的月，正从大的窗上映进一大方白光，姨的头，姨的肩，姨的夹被
的半截，以及地板上面姨的白鞋袜，全都浴在月光里。
这是一种梦的景致与梦的行为。
人是站在床边了，她把身略移向里边，让我坐。坐下了，没有话。我并不望这维纳
丝神，我却望着月。
一种诗人的呆性子在我灵魂里潜伏，我是每每遇到月就痴痴呆呆忘了人我的。
姨的无袖的手臂，从被里伸出，把这臂引我向她望月光下的脸，更白了。我轻轻叹
息。
姨的眉展开，微笑了。
……
在一种沉默的长期拥抱里，我认识了人间的美了。
那长长的发，披散到肩后，象用黑夜所搓成。那肩，是软玉。那乳，照所罗门歌说
法，是一对小白鹿。
“你去了吧，我很害怕！”
“我们是，分担着惊怕也分担着欢娱，我才大胆来！”
“我不是不爱你，我怕她们会听到。”
“我因了爱你，才冒这种险来这里！”
用那柔软象五根嫩葱的手引我的手到她胸边去，心是卜卜跳得如一面敲着的小鼓。
但我把手移动了地方，没有畏缩。
我的手，从此镀上一层永生柔腻感觉的金了。
姨慢慢的睡下去。
“我的妹子，你身如百合花，在你身上我可以嗅出百合花的香气……”我轻轻唱着一首所罗门的歌，颂我对神的虔敬。
我从此可以放心了。倘若照僧侣所传，人死将受那最后的审判，到上帝面前去秤量我善恶，或者游十殿，谒见那各式各样脸相的阎王，我将有话说。凡是我应做的，我已经做了。一个没有得到她分内应得到的爱情的人，我服从了神的意旨，已给了这个人了。神所造的这个女人的灵魂，被恶男子在那上面玷污过有痕迹的，我用我的爱为洗刷过一道了。我为使这女人了解你大神在青年男子身上赋予的气力与热情，我所以去爱她。我让她在我身上觉悟她是配做一个年青人妻子和一个年青人的情人，……我还愿意给她爱的认识以外再给她以对现世不满的指示，因为你大神既把她雕琢成得如此美丽，却赋予一个如此驯良安分乐生的性格，更处置她永远到一个顶肮脏的人身边，这最苛刻最不公平的待遇，我要她知道你司命运之神的可诅！”
读到末了一段，我才终于有点省悟，沈从文写这文字的意义。从那时起，这个来自湘西的年轻人，就只相信爱可以，也只必须给配得上且应得的人，无所谓礼教和身份——正如他后来一直相信文字只应当献给美，而不是政治和主义一样。
或许不赞同小说里主人公的做法，但是我依然尊敬沈从文这样的理念
(『丰城 』 【转】读沈从文-《篁君日记》笔记 )
“看虹摘星复论政”
——沈从文集外诗文四篇校读札记
【作 者】裴春芳
【作者简介】裴春芳 清华大学人文学院博士生 北京 100084
【内容提要】本文将沈从文的四篇散佚诗文与相关文本进行“文本互证”式的对读，发现抗战及40年代的沈从文的作品具有两种倾向：一类是深微精雅的纯文学作品，一类是视野广阔的政论性作品。其中“看虹摘星”类作品表现了一种在万物和情愫的溶解和变迁中，以“爱欲”为救赎的迷离情致；“见微论政”类作品则呈现了从细微之处看政治的独特视角，在玄黄未定时局中的种种忧虑，及其以“美术重造人性”、以“美育重造政治”的应对策略。
【摘 要 题】文学史研究
【关 键 词】沈从文/《一种境界》/《饭桶》/《逛厂甸》/《巴鲁爵士北平通讯（第七号）》
《一种境界》、《饭桶——见微斋笔谈》、《逛厂甸》、《巴鲁爵士北平通讯（第七号）》这几篇诗文，是我在阅读杂志的时候偶然发现的。因为过去对沈从文略有所知，从它们的作者署名“雍羽”、“上官碧”和“巴鲁爵士”及其行文风格上，初步判断这几篇诗文是沈从文的作品。经查阅《沈从文全集》和沈从文的年谱，发现它们并未收入现在通行的沈从文作品集中，可以大体认定是沈从文的集外佚文。
倘若把沈从文的这几篇散佚诗文与他在抗战及40年代的相关文本联系起来，进行“文本互证”式的对读，则不难发现，《一种境界》颇为扼要地表达了沈从文创作《看虹录》、《摘星录》和《七色魇》等作品时那种在万物和情愫的溶解和变迁中，以“爱欲”为救赎的迷离情致。《饭桶——见微斋笔谈》呈现了作者从细微之处看政治的独特视角，以及对借政治而混吃饭之人的深切反感，笔下有对抗战中某些积极为官之人行为的尖锐讽刺。《逛厂甸》以一种类似于《东京梦华录》般的缅怀笔调，来描绘作者近三十年逛厂甸的感触，有一种历史转折关头对文人士大夫精致文化即将消逝的殷忧，以及对北京小市民文化的抵触。《巴鲁爵士北平通讯（第7号）》，延续前六篇“北平通信”，为沈从文对玄黄未定的时局的判断和展望，有柏拉图《理想国》般的光彩。企图将人性中“迷信”情绪与科学结合，与政治剥离，有一种社会解体、大厦将倾前极力挽救的救世热忱。
一
刊发于1940年6月16日昆明《今日评论》上的诗《一种境界》，是迄今发现的沈从文以笔名“雍羽”刊发的第二首诗，在时间上仅次于《一个人的自述》，先于《莲花》和《看虹》，上述作品，均署名“雍羽”。①《沈从文笔名和曾用名》云：“雍羽，1940年1月26日发表新诗《一个人的自述》时的署名，1940-1941年间多用于发表诗或散文诗作品”。②查阅《沈从文全集》、《沈从文文集》和《沈从文别集》，并未发现它们收录《一种境界》，现存的几种沈从文年谱，也未见记载此诗。因此，判断《一种境界》为沈从文的一首佚诗，应该是没有疑问的。
《一种境界》虽然未曾收入现存沈从文作品集中，可是却被引入《新摘星录》和《摘星录》中，成为这两篇内容大略相同的小说文本的一部分，构成小说内在情绪的核心，甚至敷衍出部分情节。反过来看，《一种境界》的意义，恰在于它为沈从文的小说集《看虹摘星录》提供了一个情绪上的起点。虽然沈从文在《一个人的自述》中已经提及自己喜爱“一种希奇的旅行”，在“攀援登临”追逐“一夥”星子，“走进天堂”，表达一种对爱欲的抽象沉迷，不过这种对异性身体“转弯抹角，小阜平冈”的旅行兴趣，上承早期诗歌《颂》，③下启后来的小说《看虹录》，成为沈从文笔下一种爱欲事件隐喻化的惯常策略。可是，《一种境界》中却呈现了明确的时间“去年”，和具体的对象“你”，与一种名字古雅的花“剪春罗”，并且雨后“虹霓”和天上“万千颗星”同时并存。宋代翁广元在《剪春罗》中云：“谁把风刀剪薄罗，极知造化著功多。飘零易逐春光老，公子樽前奈若何。”传达的是一种春光易逝，珍惜哀婉的情致；沈从文使用这个意象，同样表达了一种脆弱难久的美好情愫。或许《一种境界》所述的是沈从文一次具体的爱欲体验，它发生于抗战初期的昆明，有一个不同于“主妇”的特定对象 “你”，并且引发了作者关于世界正在变动不居，人格和灵魂需要在“爱”中多次溶解的感触。在沈从文的同期诗歌中，与《一种境界》相近，虹和星同时作为主要意象出现的诗，此外仅有1941年底的诗《看虹》，诗中在沉迷于爱欲中时看见“有长虹挂在天上”，即将别离时祈求“摘一颗星子把我”。不过，《一种境界》表达的是对爱欲本身的体味和思索，《看虹》表达的是一场爱欲正在进行和即将结束的感觉。在沈从文的小说《看虹录》和《摘星录》中，沈从文把这次特定的爱欲体验，分别从“我”和“她”的角度，着力进行了抽象集中的或散漫隐晦的叙述。《摘星录》和《新摘星录》写的是一个二十六岁青春将逝的美丽温雅女子，处身于一个老在变化的古怪世界中，在一个“良辰美景奈何天”的时节，在古典爱中的诗与火和现代爱中的具体而庸俗之间，在有地位有身份的老朋友和年青的又穷又无用的大学生之间徘徊瞻顾、游移不定的心态。这个“老朋友”说：“其实生命何尝无用处，一切纯诗即由此产生，反映生命光影神奇与美丽。任何肉体生来虽不可免受自然限制，有新陈代谢，到某一时必完全失去意义，诗中生命却百年长青！”④这段话在沈从文作品中反复出现，可以看出这个“老朋友”身上清晰的留有沈从文自己的印记。下文在叙述这个“老朋友”三个月前离开她时留下了一首有点古怪的小诗，即是这首《一种境界》。不过，在《新摘星录》和《摘星录》中隐去了诗的标题，除了标点符号和划分章节稍有不同外，文字则完全相同。⑤在《一种境界》中，隐含作者“我”和作为爱欲对象的“你”，处于一种对偶关系中，尽管叙述视点聚焦于“我”，言说者是“我”，“你”是被凝视的和被询问的，二者共处于一个碧草连天、夕阳微明有着小窗的房间，一种惆怅欢欣兼有的悒郁沉迷气氛在房间中流淌。在《摘星录》和《新摘星录》中，则是从“她”的视点来叙述对《一种境界》所呈现爱欲氛围的追念和怀想。从即将萎悴的蓝色的抱春花，转向萎悴多日的红色的剪春罗。“小瓶中的剪春罗已萎悴多日。池塘边青草这时节虽未见，却知道它照例是在繁芜中向高处延展，迷目一望绿。小窗口长庚星还未到露面时。……这一切都像完全是别人事情，与她渺不相涉。自己房中仿佛什么都没有，心上也虚廓无边，填满了黄昏前的寂静。”⑥下文“她”阅读不同时期不同情人的编号清晰的情书时，名称尽管情人的身份不同，均留下了这个“老朋友”的影子，甚至可以说，他们都是作者沈从文的不同化身。
刘洪涛在《沈从文与张兆和》⑦一文中认同金介甫的观点，《看虹录》是沈从文与高青子的恋情产物；他在《沈从文与九妹》中认为《摘星录》是九妹爱欲体验的产物。《一种境界》的发现，可以证实《摘星录》同样是沈从文爱欲体验的记录。至于故事中的“她”，究竟是高青子还是其他未知的女性，现在还难以确定。
《新摘星录》写于1940年7月18日，距离《一种境界》的发表时间不到一个月。1943年6月30日，沈从文特别看好的、并且在昆明常与之同住的诗人卞之琳，写了一篇似小说而又似散文的作品《巧笑记：说礼》，记述了爱慕者“神经病”和一位“温柔朋友”在一场轻颦浅笑的谈话中，和对男女交际礼仪不经意的展演中，在昆明的匆匆相遇及转瞬分离。这里的神经病有卞之琳自身的影子，温柔朋友则以张兆和的妹妹张充和为原型。但是表示“神经病”的白日梦的一段话似乎别有用意。“即使做了丈夫也无有丈夫的义务，责任，丈夫把太太的好处享受够了，还可以向外发展，在当今这个开通时代，大家都知道女子的青春比男子的易逝，大家会原谅一个丈夫到一个时候会感到寂寞的苦衷，如果他是一匹种马式的天之骄子。于是他可以虽然偷偷摸摸，也实在堂堂正正的另外找一个年轻的女子。……因为天生是情种啊：也就因为天生是情种，在社会上的责任就是讲恋爱，……整个心机就都可以化在诱引女子。而且太太总该讲礼，爱的表现，认为应该使丈夫快乐，就可以代为勾引。……另一方面自己也可以告诉最善感的生物说，他过去实在没有经验过真正的爱，人家就更不由的同情。不错，既如此，再加以随年龄俱进的老练手腕，准可以打倒一切那怕是漂亮小伙子的敌手。……然而，天，他自己也会有小妹妹的，他自己也会有小女儿的！”⑧“神经病”的身上又似乎投射了卞之琳对某类情场老手的深切怨怼的情绪。这是非常耐人寻味的。最后温柔朋友坐汽车回昆明乡下朋友家里（指沈从文和张兆和的家里）去了，留下了“神经病”死心塌地长久守望的身影。接着，沈从文在1943年底1944年初发表了《绿黑灰》，⑨该篇后来又衍化为《绿魇》，⑩成为沈从文以魇字开头的第一篇作品。在《绿黑灰》中，涉及到卞之琳的失恋和沈从文的偶然，二者很可能交织于一个善于唱歌吹笛的聪敏女孩子——即张充和身上。“一些人的生命，虽若受一种来自时代的大力所转动，无从自主，然而这个院子中，却又牵来一个寄居者，一个失恋中产生伟大感和伟大自觉的诗人，住在那个善于唱歌吹笛的聪敏女孩子原来所住的小房中，想从窗口间一霎微光，或书本中一点偶然留下的花朵微香，以及一个消失在时间后业已多日的微笑影子，返回过去稳定目前，创造未来。或在绝对孤寂中，用少量精美文字，来排比个人梦的形式与联想的微妙发展。”诗人两年来，完成了一部五十万字的小说（指卞之琳的小说《山山水水》），并希望藉此获取女孩子的爱情。不过叙述者说，这是无关紧要的。“就因为他还完全不明白他所爱慕的女孩子几年来正如何生存在另外一个风雨飘摇事实巨浪中。怨爱交缚之际，生命的新生复消失，人我间情感与负气做成的无奈环境，所受的压力更如何沉重。一切变故都若完全在一种离奇宿命中，对于她加以种种试验。这个试验到最近，且更加离奇，使之对于生命的存在发展，幸或不幸，都若不是个人能有所取舍。为希望从这个梦魇似的人生中逃出，得到稍稍休息，过不久或且居然又回到这个梦魇初起的旧居来。”(11)“梦魇似的人生”看来就是沈从文《七色魇》集的本义，因此这段文字是相当重要的。更何况，这里的“女孩子”，与《新摘星录》中的“她”，有着非常明晰的相似性。在《绿黑灰》和《新摘星录》之间，似乎有着不易觉察的一座桥梁，指向沈从文在《水云》中反复叙说的“偶然”，在三年前，1940年的春夏间。
——沈从文集外诗文四篇校读札记
【作 者】裴春芳
【作者简介】裴春芳 清华大学人文学院博士生 北京 100084
【内容提要】本文将沈从文的四篇散佚诗文与相关文本进行“文本互证”式的对读，发现抗战及40年代的沈从文的作品具有两种倾向：一类是深微精雅的纯文学作品，一类是视野广阔的政论性作品。其中“看虹摘星”类作品表现了一种在万物和情愫的溶解和变迁中，以“爱欲”为救赎的迷离情致；“见微论政”类作品则呈现了从细微之处看政治的独特视角，在玄黄未定时局中的种种忧虑，及其以“美术重造人性”、以“美育重造政治”的应对策略。
【摘 要 题】文学史研究
【关 键 词】沈从文/《一种境界》/《饭桶》/《逛厂甸》/《巴鲁爵士北平通讯（第七号）》
《一种境界》、《饭桶——见微斋笔谈》、《逛厂甸》、《巴鲁爵士北平通讯（第七号）》这几篇诗文，是我在阅读杂志的时候偶然发现的。因为过去对沈从文略有所知，从它们的作者署名“雍羽”、“上官碧”和“巴鲁爵士”及其行文风格上，初步判断这几篇诗文是沈从文的作品。经查阅《沈从文全集》和沈从文的年谱，发现它们并未收入现在通行的沈从文作品集中，可以大体认定是沈从文的集外佚文。
倘若把沈从文的这几篇散佚诗文与他在抗战及40年代的相关文本联系起来，进行“文本互证”式的对读，则不难发现，《一种境界》颇为扼要地表达了沈从文创作《看虹录》、《摘星录》和《七色魇》等作品时那种在万物和情愫的溶解和变迁中，以“爱欲”为救赎的迷离情致。《饭桶——见微斋笔谈》呈现了作者从细微之处看政治的独特视角，以及对借政治而混吃饭之人的深切反感，笔下有对抗战中某些积极为官之人行为的尖锐讽刺。《逛厂甸》以一种类似于《东京梦华录》般的缅怀笔调，来描绘作者近三十年逛厂甸的感触，有一种历史转折关头对文人士大夫精致文化即将消逝的殷忧，以及对北京小市民文化的抵触。《巴鲁爵士北平通讯（第7号）》，延续前六篇“北平通信”，为沈从文对玄黄未定的时局的判断和展望，有柏拉图《理想国》般的光彩。企图将人性中“迷信”情绪与科学结合，与政治剥离，有一种社会解体、大厦将倾前极力挽救的救世热忱。
一
刊发于1940年6月16日昆明《今日评论》上的诗《一种境界》，是迄今发现的沈从文以笔名“雍羽”刊发的第二首诗，在时间上仅次于《一个人的自述》，先于《莲花》和《看虹》，上述作品，均署名“雍羽”。①《沈从文笔名和曾用名》云：“雍羽，1940年1月26日发表新诗《一个人的自述》时的署名，1940-1941年间多用于发表诗或散文诗作品”。②查阅《沈从文全集》、《沈从文文集》和《沈从文别集》，并未发现它们收录《一种境界》，现存的几种沈从文年谱，也未见记载此诗。因此，判断《一种境界》为沈从文的一首佚诗，应该是没有疑问的。
《一种境界》虽然未曾收入现存沈从文作品集中，可是却被引入《新摘星录》和《摘星录》中，成为这两篇内容大略相同的小说文本的一部分，构成小说内在情绪的核心，甚至敷衍出部分情节。反过来看，《一种境界》的意义，恰在于它为沈从文的小说集《看虹摘星录》提供了一个情绪上的起点。虽然沈从文在《一个人的自述》中已经提及自己喜爱“一种希奇的旅行”，在“攀援登临”追逐“一夥”星子，“走进天堂”，表达一种对爱欲的抽象沉迷，不过这种对异性身体“转弯抹角，小阜平冈”的旅行兴趣，上承早期诗歌《颂》，③下启后来的小说《看虹录》，成为沈从文笔下一种爱欲事件隐喻化的惯常策略。可是，《一种境界》中却呈现了明确的时间“去年”，和具体的对象“你”，与一种名字古雅的花“剪春罗”，并且雨后“虹霓”和天上“万千颗星”同时并存。宋代翁广元在《剪春罗》中云：“谁把风刀剪薄罗，极知造化著功多。飘零易逐春光老，公子樽前奈若何。”传达的是一种春光易逝，珍惜哀婉的情致；沈从文使用这个意象，同样表达了一种脆弱难久的美好情愫。或许《一种境界》所述的是沈从文一次具体的爱欲体验，它发生于抗战初期的昆明，有一个不同于“主妇”的特定对象 “你”，并且引发了作者关于世界正在变动不居，人格和灵魂需要在“爱”中多次溶解的感触。在沈从文的同期诗歌中，与《一种境界》相近，虹和星同时作为主要意象出现的诗，此外仅有1941年底的诗《看虹》，诗中在沉迷于爱欲中时看见“有长虹挂在天上”，即将别离时祈求“摘一颗星子把我”。不过，《一种境界》表达的是对爱欲本身的体味和思索，《看虹》表达的是一场爱欲正在进行和即将结束的感觉。在沈从文的小说《看虹录》和《摘星录》中，沈从文把这次特定的爱欲体验，分别从“我”和“她”的角度，着力进行了抽象集中的或散漫隐晦的叙述。《摘星录》和《新摘星录》写的是一个二十六岁青春将逝的美丽温雅女子，处身于一个老在变化的古怪世界中，在一个“良辰美景奈何天”的时节，在古典爱中的诗与火和现代爱中的具体而庸俗之间，在有地位有身份的老朋友和年青的又穷又无用的大学生之间徘徊瞻顾、游移不定的心态。这个“老朋友”说：“其实生命何尝无用处，一切纯诗即由此产生，反映生命光影神奇与美丽。任何肉体生来虽不可免受自然限制，有新陈代谢，到某一时必完全失去意义，诗中生命却百年长青！”④这段话在沈从文作品中反复出现，可以看出这个“老朋友”身上清晰的留有沈从文自己的印记。下文在叙述这个“老朋友”三个月前离开她时留下了一首有点古怪的小诗，即是这首《一种境界》。不过，在《新摘星录》和《摘星录》中隐去了诗的标题，除了标点符号和划分章节稍有不同外，文字则完全相同。⑤在《一种境界》中，隐含作者“我”和作为爱欲对象的“你”，处于一种对偶关系中，尽管叙述视点聚焦于“我”，言说者是“我”，“你”是被凝视的和被询问的，二者共处于一个碧草连天、夕阳微明有着小窗的房间，一种惆怅欢欣兼有的悒郁沉迷气氛在房间中流淌。在《摘星录》和《新摘星录》中，则是从“她”的视点来叙述对《一种境界》所呈现爱欲氛围的追念和怀想。从即将萎悴的蓝色的抱春花，转向萎悴多日的红色的剪春罗。“小瓶中的剪春罗已萎悴多日。池塘边青草这时节虽未见，却知道它照例是在繁芜中向高处延展，迷目一望绿。小窗口长庚星还未到露面时。……这一切都像完全是别人事情，与她渺不相涉。自己房中仿佛什么都没有，心上也虚廓无边，填满了黄昏前的寂静。”⑥下文“她”阅读不同时期不同情人的编号清晰的情书时，名称尽管情人的身份不同，均留下了这个“老朋友”的影子，甚至可以说，他们都是作者沈从文的不同化身。
刘洪涛在《沈从文与张兆和》⑦一文中认同金介甫的观点，《看虹录》是沈从文与高青子的恋情产物；他在《沈从文与九妹》中认为《摘星录》是九妹爱欲体验的产物。《一种境界》的发现，可以证实《摘星录》同样是沈从文爱欲体验的记录。至于故事中的“她”，究竟是高青子还是其他未知的女性，现在还难以确定。
《新摘星录》写于1940年7月18日，距离《一种境界》的发表时间不到一个月。1943年6月30日，沈从文特别看好的、并且在昆明常与之同住的诗人卞之琳，写了一篇似小说而又似散文的作品《巧笑记：说礼》，记述了爱慕者“神经病”和一位“温柔朋友”在一场轻颦浅笑的谈话中，和对男女交际礼仪不经意的展演中，在昆明的匆匆相遇及转瞬分离。这里的神经病有卞之琳自身的影子，温柔朋友则以张兆和的妹妹张充和为原型。但是表示“神经病”的白日梦的一段话似乎别有用意。“即使做了丈夫也无有丈夫的义务，责任，丈夫把太太的好处享受够了，还可以向外发展，在当今这个开通时代，大家都知道女子的青春比男子的易逝，大家会原谅一个丈夫到一个时候会感到寂寞的苦衷，如果他是一匹种马式的天之骄子。于是他可以虽然偷偷摸摸，也实在堂堂正正的另外找一个年轻的女子。……因为天生是情种啊：也就因为天生是情种，在社会上的责任就是讲恋爱，……整个心机就都可以化在诱引女子。而且太太总该讲礼，爱的表现，认为应该使丈夫快乐，就可以代为勾引。……另一方面自己也可以告诉最善感的生物说，他过去实在没有经验过真正的爱，人家就更不由的同情。不错，既如此，再加以随年龄俱进的老练手腕，准可以打倒一切那怕是漂亮小伙子的敌手。……然而，天，他自己也会有小妹妹的，他自己也会有小女儿的！”⑧“神经病”的身上又似乎投射了卞之琳对某类情场老手的深切怨怼的情绪。这是非常耐人寻味的。最后温柔朋友坐汽车回昆明乡下朋友家里（指沈从文和张兆和的家里）去了，留下了“神经病”死心塌地长久守望的身影。接着，沈从文在1943年底1944年初发表了《绿黑灰》，⑨该篇后来又衍化为《绿魇》，⑩成为沈从文以魇字开头的第一篇作品。在《绿黑灰》中，涉及到卞之琳的失恋和沈从文的偶然，二者很可能交织于一个善于唱歌吹笛的聪敏女孩子——即张充和身上。“一些人的生命，虽若受一种来自时代的大力所转动，无从自主，然而这个院子中，却又牵来一个寄居者，一个失恋中产生伟大感和伟大自觉的诗人，住在那个善于唱歌吹笛的聪敏女孩子原来所住的小房中，想从窗口间一霎微光，或书本中一点偶然留下的花朵微香，以及一个消失在时间后业已多日的微笑影子，返回过去稳定目前，创造未来。或在绝对孤寂中，用少量精美文字，来排比个人梦的形式与联想的微妙发展。”诗人两年来，完成了一部五十万字的小说（指卞之琳的小说《山山水水》），并希望藉此获取女孩子的爱情。不过叙述者说，这是无关紧要的。“就因为他还完全不明白他所爱慕的女孩子几年来正如何生存在另外一个风雨飘摇事实巨浪中。怨爱交缚之际，生命的新生复消失，人我间情感与负气做成的无奈环境，所受的压力更如何沉重。一切变故都若完全在一种离奇宿命中，对于她加以种种试验。这个试验到最近，且更加离奇，使之对于生命的存在发展，幸或不幸，都若不是个人能有所取舍。为希望从这个梦魇似的人生中逃出，得到稍稍休息，过不久或且居然又回到这个梦魇初起的旧居来。”(11)“梦魇似的人生”看来就是沈从文《七色魇》集的本义，因此这段文字是相当重要的。更何况，这里的“女孩子”，与《新摘星录》中的“她”，有着非常明晰的相似性。在《绿黑灰》和《新摘星录》之间，似乎有着不易觉察的一座桥梁，指向沈从文在《水云》中反复叙说的“偶然”，在三年前，1940年的春夏间。
沈从文笔下的女性形象是我们探寻他追寻美好人性的一把钥匙,也是解读他追求雄强人性的一个切入点.通过<一个女剧员的生活>中萝的情感演绎,我们感受到复杂的租界体验加深
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文学者的态度
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新文人与新文学
介绍《中国新文学大系》
谈谈上海的刊物
新诗的旧账
读《中国新文学大系》
对于这新刊诞生的颂辞
湘人对于新文学运动的贡献
怎样办好一份报纸
书评的自由解放运动
打头文学
论“海派”
关于海派
新文人与新文学
介绍《中国新文学大系》
谈谈上海的刊物
新诗的旧账
读《中国新文学大系》
对于这新刊诞生的颂辞
湘人对于新文学运动的贡献
怎样办好一份报纸
书评的自由解放运动
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宋人演剧的讽刺性
读展子虔《游春图》
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读展子虔《游春图》
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船上
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《蜜柑》为沈从文一九二七年四月于北京东城创作。想来的确可悲，一贯标榜追求真理、向往知识的莘莘学子，为学校谏言献策的热情竟远不如馄饨、红茶和蜜柑有诱惑力，至于那些所谓道德定义、价值衡量、信念标度，较之爱情与口腹之欲而言，又算得了什么呢？