yī、 jiào yù de jī běn dìng yì
jiào yù jiàoyù
1.[education] péi yǎng rén cái、 chuán bō zhī shí de gōng zuò , zhù yào zhǐ xué xiào jiào yù
2.[educate] jiào dǎo qǐ fā , shǐ míng bái dào lǐ
jiào yù shì yī zhǒng gǎi biàn rén lèi duì kè guān shì jiè rèn shí de tú jìng， yī zhǒng jī jí yǐn dǎo rén lèi de sī xiǎng、 rèn shí hé gǎi zào shì jiè de jī jí yòu xiào de tú jìng， cóng zhōng xìng cí de jiǎo dù kàn， kě yǐ yòu yǐng xiǎng yǔ zhī xiāng duì yìng， cóng biǎn yì cí de jiǎo dù kàn， kě yǐ yòu suō 'è yǔ zhī xiāng duì yìng。
jiào yù shì yī zhǒng rén lèi dào dé、 kē xué、 jì shù、 zhī shí chǔ bèi、 jīng shén jìng jiè de chuán chéng hé tí shēng xíng wéi， yě shì rén lèi wén míng de chuán dì。 yī zhǒng yǐ mǒu xiē zhù guān yì shí xíng tài qù shìdàng gǎi biàn lìng wài yī xiē zhù guān yì shí xíng tài de yī zhǒng fāng fǎ。 shì gǎi biàn tā rén guān niàn yǔ sī xiǎng de yī zhǒng kē xué de fāng fǎ。 jiào yù yì shì zuì lián jià de guó fáng tǐ xì。
zǒng zhī， jiào yù de běn zhì shǔ xìng， jí jiào yù shì yī zhǒng yǐng xiǎng， yī zhǒng jī jí de yǐng xiǎng， yī zhǒng duì rén lèi rèn shí hé gǎi zào kè guān shì jiè jí zì shēn de jī jí de yǐng xiǎng。 jiào yù de zuì zhōng mù de shì dá dào jiào shì wéi liǎo bù jiào！ jí jiào huì qí zì wǒ fǎn sī zì wǒ guǎn lǐ de shēng cún hé fā zhǎn de néng lì。
jiào yù de hán yì
jiào yù， shì yǐ cù jìn rén de fā zhǎn、 shè huì de jìn bù wéi mùdì， yǐ chuán shòu zhī shí、 jīng yàn wéi shǒu duàn， péi yǎng rén de shè huì huó dòng。
jiào yù de jiě shì
jiào yù jiàoyù
education
péi yǎng xīn shēng yī dài zhǔn bèi cóng shì shè huì shēng huó de zhěng gè guò chéng， zhù yào shì zhǐ xué xiào duì 'ér tóng、 shàonián、 qīng nián jìn xíng péi yǎng de guò chéng。
guǎng yì shàng jiǎng， fán shì zēng jìn rén men de zhī shí hé jì néng、 yǐng xiǎng rén men de sī xiǎng pǐn dé de huó dòng， dōushì jiào yù。
xiá yì de jiào yù， zhù yào zhǐ xué xiào jiào yù， qí hán yì shì jiào yù zhě gēn jù yī dìng shè huì（ huò jiē jí） de yào qiú， yòu mùdì、 yòu jìhuà、 yòu zǔ zhì dì duì shòu jiào yù zhě de shēn xīn shī jiā yǐng xiǎng， bǎ tā men péi yǎng chéng wéi yī dìng shè huì（ huò jiē jí） suǒ xū yào de rén de huó dòng。
èr、 jiào yù de jià zhí
jī chǔ de 9 nián yì wù jiào yù， jià zhí zài yú jiě jué shòu jiào yù rén qún dé yù、 zhì yù、 tǐ yù、 měi yù、 láo dòng jiào yù、 kē xué jiào yù děng de yuán shǐ qǐ méng。 cù shǐ hé bāng zhù shòu jiào yù rén qún jù bèi jiē shòu hé jiē nà shè huì shēng huó de jī běn jì néng。
suí hòu de zhōng zhuān、 dà xué děng zhōng gāo děng jiào yù， jià zhí zài yú jiě jué shòu jiào yù rén qún jù bèi jī běn de kē yán、 shí jiàn、 shí yàn、 shì yàn、 fǎng zhì、 chuàng xīn qǐ méng。 cù shǐ hé bāng zhù shòu jiào yù rén qún jù bèi hé jiē nà kē xué fā míng chuàng zào děng zhuān yè huà、 gōng yè huà、 biāo zhǔn huà、 xìn xī huà děng shēng chǎn shí jiàn de jī běn jì néng。
zhí yè huà jiào yù hé péi xùn， jià zhí zài yú wéi shè huì gōng yè huà、 chǎn yè huà、 jīng jì fā zhǎn tí gōng yuán yuán bù duàn de jì néng xíng rén cái bǎo zhàng。 cù shǐ hé bāng zhù shòu jiào yù rén qún dǒng dé gǎng wèi zuò yè gōng yì、 péi xùn hòu shàng gǎng jiù yè、 jiē shòu hèyìng pìn gè lèi zhí yè gǎng wèi， huò dé gǎng wèi zuò yè jī běn jì néng。
zhōng guó yòu jù sú yǔ： shí nián shù mù， bǎi nián shù rén。 jiē shì liǎo jiào yù de gēn běn jià zhí， jiù shì gěi guó jiā tí gòngjù yòu chóng gāo xìn yǎng、 dào dé gāo shàng、 chéng shí shǒu fǎ、 jì yì jīng zhàn、 bó xué duō cái、 duō zhuān duō néng de rén cái， wèiguó、 wèijiā、 wéi shè huì chuàng zào kē xué zhī shí hé wù zhì cái fù， tuī dòng jīng jì zēngzhǎng， tuī dòng mín zú xīng wàng， tuī dòng shì jiè hé píng hé rén lèi fā zhǎn。
sān、 jiào yù de céng cì tí shēng
yī bān dì， jiào yù de huán jìng kě yǐ fēn wéi： jiā tíng huán jìng、 xué xiào huán jìng、 shè huì huán jìng。
。
jiào yù de mù biāo kě yǐ lǐ jiě wéi， zì móu qiú gè rén de shēng cún jì néng kāi shǐ， dào móu qiú guó jiā lì yì、 mín zú lì yì、 rén lèi mìng yùn chí xù kē xué huà、 xìng fú 'ān quán de gāo kē jì， yòng yǐ zào fú rén lèi， méi yòu zhǐ jìng！
kē xué de jiào yù shì lì tǐ de， tā fēn wéi 4 gè céng miàn： xué xiào jiào yù、 jiā tíng jiào yù、 shè huì jiào yù hé zì wǒ jiào yù。
xué xiào jiào yù： zhǐ duì xué shēng zhì shāng（ IQ） de tí gāo wéi mùdì jiào yù xíng wéi。
jiā tíng jiào yù： zhǐ duì xué shēng qíng shāng（ EQ） de tí gāo wéi mùdì jiào yù xíng wéi。
shè huì jiào yù： zhǐ duì xué shēng dé shāng（ MQ） de tí gāo wéi mùdì jiào yù xíng wéi。
zì wǒ jiào yù： gè rén yǐ tí shēng gè rén zōng hé sù zhì wéi mù de de jiào yù xíng wéi。
sì gè céng miànxiàng hù jiāo róng、 chóngdié hé hù bǔ， xíng chéng liǎo wán zhěng de jiào yù tǐ xì。
xiá yì de jiào cái jiù shì jiào kē shū。 jiào kē shū shì yī gè kè chéng de hé xīn jiào xué cái liào .
jiào yù shì zhǐ zài yī dìng de shè huì tiáo jiàn xià， yǐ jù shè huì de xū yào， yòu zǔ zhì， yòu mùdì， yòu jìhuà dì duì shòu jiào yù zhě jìn xíng xì tǒng de jiào yù hé xùn liàn， kāi fā qí tǐ lì hé zhì lì de huó dòng。
jiào yù
guǎng yì de jiào yù fàn zhǐ yī qiē chuán bō hé xué xí rén lèi wén míng chéng guǒ héng héng gè zhǒng zhī shí、 jì néng hé shè huì shēng huó jīng yàn， yǐ cù jìn gè tǐ shè huì huà hé shè huì gè xìng huà de shè huì shí jiàn huó dòng。 tōng cháng yòu hé xiá yì liǎng zhǒng gài niàn。 chǎn shēng yú rén lèi shè huì chū shǐ jiē duàn。 xiá yì jiào yù zhuān zhǐ xué xiào jiào yù， jí zhì dù huà jiào yù。
jiǎn jiè
jiào yù guò chéng kāi shǐ yú chū shēng bìng chí xù zhōng shēn yǐ bèi guǎng fàn jiē shòu。 yòu xiē rén shèn zhì xiāng xìn jiào yù kě yǐ kāi shǐ dé gèng zǎo， yī xiē fù mǔ ràng zǐ gōng lǐ de tāi 'ér tīng yīn lè hé gù shì， xī wàng duì hái zǐ fā zhǎn chǎn shēng yǐng xiǎng。
" jiào yù " yī cí lái yuán yú lā dīng yǔ educare， yì sī shì " yǐn chū "。
jiào yù jù yòu duō fāng miàn gōng néng：
· bǎo zhèng rén lèi yán xù、 cù jìn rén lèi fā zhǎn de gōng néng；
· cù jìn shè huì fā zhǎn de gōng néng；
· xuǎn zé gōng néng。
shè huì gēn jù shòu jiào yù chéng dù xuǎn bá rén cái。 rén tōng guò shòu jiào yù shí xiàn shè huì dì wèi de biàn qiān。 jiào yù bàn suí zhe rén lèi shè huì de chǎn shēng 'ér chǎn shēng， suí zhe shè huì de fā zhǎn 'ér fā zhǎn， yǔ rén lèi shè huì gòng shǐ zhōng。 duì jiào yù de dìng yì， gè guó xué zhě rèn shí bù tóng。 rú měi guó de dù wēi shuō： “ jiào yù jí shēng huó。 ” yīng guó de sī bīn sài shuō：“ jiào yù wéi wèi lái shēng huó zhī zhǔn bèi。” zhōng guó de lǐ zhuàng rèn wéi " jiào yù shì qiǎngpò huò yǐn dǎo bèi jiào yù zhě jiē shòu tè dìng de zhī shí , guīju , xìn xī , jì néng , jì qiǎo děng ."
sì、 jiào yù de lèi xíng
zhèng guī jiào yù
shè huì、 qún tǐ huò sī rén kāi shè kè chéng jiào yù rén men， tōng cháng shì nián qīng rén。 zhèng guī jiào yù bǐ jiào xì tǒng wán zhěng。 zhèng guī jiào yù tǐ xì chuán shòu lǐ xiǎng huò yòu jià zhí de zhī shí， dàn yòu shí huì chū xiàn làn yòng qíng kuàng。
chéng rén jiào yù
zhōng shēn jiào yù huò chéng rén jiào yù zài xǔ duō guó jiā yǐ jīng fēi cháng pǔ jí。 ' jiào yù ' hái bèi kàn zuò 'ér tóng de shì， chéng rén jiào yù jīng cháng brandedas' chéng rén xué xí ' huò ' zhōng shēn xué xí '.
chéng rén jiào yù yì yì shì fù dān chéng rén shè huì juésè rén suǒ jìn xíng yòu xì tǒng chí xù de xué xí huó dòng mùdì zài cù jìn zhī shí、 tài dù、 jià zhí hé jì qiǎo shàng de gǎi biàn。 〈 Darkenwald&Merrian,1982,P.9 〉 zǎo qī céng bèi rèn dìng wéi yī zhǒng sǎo chú wén máng , jiào dǎo mín zhòng jī běn dú、 xiě、 suàn shù jì néng de huó dòng， zhú jiàn tuò zhǎn zhì yīn yìng jì shù biàn qiān de xū yào 'ér tí shēng gè rén zhī shí néng lì wéi mùdì。
jì shù jiào yù
zhǐ zhēn duì mǒu yī fāng miàn tí gōng de tè shū péi xùn， lì rú diàn nǎo zhuān kē xué xiào。 jì shù xué xiào péi yǎng shì yìng bù tóng shì chǎng de rén cái。 jì shù jiào yù gěi liǎo xué shēng men zì zhù xuǎn zé de jī huì， yīn cǐ huì tí gāo xué zhě de xīng qù。
wǔ、 jiào yù de shí shī
jiào， shàng suǒ shī xià suǒ xiào， yù， yǎng zǐ shǐ zuò shàn yě。 yǔ chū dōng hàn xǔ shèn《 shuō wén jiě zì》 jiào de fāng fǎ， jiù shì shàng xíng xià xiào。 bǐ rú jiāzhǎng jiào hái zǐ xiào dào， zì jǐ jiù yào shēn tǐ lì xíng， hái zǐ zì rán yě huì zuò dào。 tuī 'ér guǎng zhī， yào jiào bié rén shǒu xiān zì jǐ yào xiān xiū shēn， xiān zuò dào， rán hòu zài yòng shēn jiào yán jiào qù yǐng xiǎng rén， shèn zhì dá dào bù yán 'ér jiào de xiào guǒ。 yù， lǎo zǔ zōng rèn wéi jiāoshū yù rén de shǒu yào mùdì， shì shǐ hái zǐ zuò yī gè shàn rén， ér bù jǐn jǐn shì xué xí zhī shí hé zhuān yè jì néng。 nà shénme shì shàn？ shàn de biāo zhǔn shì shénme？ jiǎ rú gǎo jiào yù de rén xīn zhōng dōubù zhī dào biāo zhǔn， nà jiào yù yī dìng bù huì shì yuán mǎn de； jiǎ rú tā zhī dào shàn de biāo zhǔn， jiù néng gòu bǎ wò zhù měi yī gè jiào yù de jī huì。
mǎ kè sī zhù yì de jiào yù guān：
cóng 19 shì jì 40 nián dài qǐ， mǎ kè sī hé 'ēn gé sī de xǔ duō zhù zuò jiù tí chū liǎo mǎ kè sī zhù yì jiào yù guān de chū bù yuán lǐ（ bǐ rú《 zī běn lùn》 dì 1 juàn， dì 13 zhāng；《 dé yì zhì yì shí xíng tài》 dì 1 juàn， dì 1 bù fēn；《 gē dá gāng lǐng pī pàn》 dì 4 bù fēn；《 gòng chǎn zhù yì jī běn yuán lǐ》）。 zhèng shì zài zhè yī jī chǔ shàng zhú bù xíng chéng liǎo jiào xì tǒng de jiào yù lǐ lùn。 shí yuè gé mìng jí qí duì mǎ kè sī zhù yì jiào yù shí jiàn de xū yào， dà dà tuī dòng liǎo zhè yī lǐ lùn de fā zhǎn（ liè níng、 kè lǔ pǔ sī kǎ yà、 bó lǎng sī jī、 mǎ kǎ lián kē）。 shí jì shàng， mǎ kè sī zhù yì de jiào yù lǐ lùn jī běn shì yī zhǒng shí jiàn de lǐ lùn。 duì cǐ zuò chū gòng xiàn de yī xiē zhòng yào rén wù yòu bèi bèi 'ěr、 ráo lè sī、 cài tè jīn、 lǐ bǔ kè nèi xī、 gé lán xī、 láng zhī wàn、 wǎ lún、 sài fū。 xǔ duō yán jiū zhě dāng qián zhèng zhì lì yú jìn yī bù fā zhǎn zhè yī lǐ lùn。 gāi lǐ lùn de zhù yào zǔ chéng bù fēn yòu yǐ xià jǐ diǎn：（ 1） duì suǒ yòu 'ér tóng yī lǜ shí xíng yì wù miǎn fèi gōng gòng jiào yù， yǐ què bǎo xiāo miè wén huà huò zhī shí de lǒng duàn， xiāo miè jiào yù de zhǒng zhǒng tè quán。 zài zuì chū de biǎo shù zhōng， zhè zhǐ néng shì yī zhǒng yóu gè zhǒng gōng gòng jī gòu suǒ bàn de jiào yù。 dāng shí suǒ yǐ zhè yàng tí， shì fáng zhǐ gōng rén jiē jí 'è liè de shēng huó tiáo jiàn zǔ 'ài 'ér tóng de quán miàn fā zhǎn。 hòu lái， míng què dì tí chū liǎo qí tā mù biāo， bǐ rú bì xū xuē ruò jiā tíng zài shè huì zài shēng chǎn zhōng de zuò yòng， bì xū gēn jù píng děng de tiáo jiàn lái péi yǎng 'ér tóng， bì xū lì yòng shè huì huà de qún tǐ lì liàng。 wú yí， zuì chéng gōng de gé mìng jiào yù shí yàn， cóng mǎ kǎ lián kē xué xiào dào gǔ bā de xué xiào， dōushì 'àn zhào shè huì de fāng 'àn lái jìn xíng de。（ 2） jiào yù yǔ wù zhì shēng chǎn xiāng jié hé（ huò yòng mǎ kè sī de huà lái shuō， jiù shì bǎ zhì yù、 tǐ yù hé shēng chǎn láo dòng jié hé qǐ lái）。 zhè lǐ suǒ bāo kuò de mù biāo， jì bù shì jìn xíng jiào hǎo de zhí yè xùn liàn， yě bù shì fǎn fù guàn shū zhí yè dào dé， ér shì tōng guò què bǎo rén rén chōng fēn liǎo jiě shēng chǎn guò chéng lái xiāo miè tǐ lì láo dòng yǔ nǎo lì láo dòng zhī jiān、 guān niàn yǔ shí jiàn zhī jiān de lì shǐ xíng chéng de chā jù。 zhè yī yuán zé zài lǐ lùn shàng de zhèng què xìng suī rán wéi rén men suǒ guǎng fàn chéng rèn， dàn qí shí jì yùn yòng què tí chū liǎo xǔ duō wèn tí（ xǔ duō bàn tú yāo zhé de huò zhǐ shì bù fēn huò dé chéng gōng de shì yàn jiù zhèng míng liǎo zhè yī diǎn）， zhè zài kē xué jì shù xùn sù biàn gé de tiáo jiàn xià， yóu qí rú cǐ。（ 3） jiào yù bì xū què bǎo rén de quán miàn fā zhǎn。 suí zhe kē xué yǔ shēng chǎn de chóngxīn jié hé， rén néng chéng wéi wán quán yì yì shàng de shēng chǎn zhě。 zài zhè yī jī chǔ zhī shàng， suǒ yòu de rén wú lùn nán nǚ， qí qián lì dōunéng dé dào shī zhǎn。 zhè yàng jiāng chū xiàn yī gè néng gòu mǎn zú pǔ biàn xū qiú de shì jiè， shǐ gè rén zài xiāo fèi、 yú lè、 wén huà de chuàng zào hé xiǎng shòu、 shè huì shēng huó de cānyù、 rén jì jiāo wǎng yǐ jí zì wǒ shí xiàn（ zì shēn chuàng zào） děng shè huì shēng huó de gè gè fāng miàn chōng fēn shī zhǎn cái néng。 zhè yī mù biāo de shí xiàn， tè bié xū yào gǎi biàn shè huì fēn gōng， ér zhè shì yī xiàng jiān jù de rèn wù， qì jīn jǐn chǔyú kāi chuàng jiē duàn。（ 4） shè huì zài jiào yù guò chéng zhōng bèi fù yú xīn de jù dà zuò yòng。 xué xiào de nèi bù jí tuán guān xì de zhè zhǒng gǎi biàn（ cóng jìng zhēng zhuànxiàng hé zuò hé zhī chí） yì wèi zhe xué xiào yǔ shè huì zhī jiān de guān xì jiāng biàn dé gèng wéi kāi fàng， bìng yǐ jiào yǔ xué de xiāng hù cù jìn hé jī jí pèi hé de guān xì wéi qián tí。 yǐ shàng suǒ gài shù de lǐ lùn bìng méi yòu zhōng jié。 duì shàng shù yuán zé de jiě shì huò yǐ jù shàng shù yuán zé suǒ jìn xíng de shí jiàn， hái cún zài xǔ duō jìn tuì liǎng nán de wèn tí。 zài mǎ kè sī zhù yì zhě zhī jiān yǐ jí zài mǎ kè sī zhù yì zhě yǔ fēi mǎ kè sī zhù yì zhě zhī jiān， zhèng zài duì xià liè wèn tí jìn xíng biàn lùn： rén de gè xìng wèn tí；“ běn xìng yǔ jiào yǎng” de wèn tí； xué xiào hé jiào yù zài liú xíng de shè huì jué dìng lùn fàn wéi nèi chuàng xīn de kě néng xìng； yǐ jí jiào yù de nèi róng、 fāng fǎ、 jié gòu zài cù jìn shè huì biàn gé zhōng de xiāng duì zhòng yào xìng。（ ZF） cān kǎo shū mù 1M.W. ā pèi 'ěr：《 yì shí xíng tài yǔ xué xiào de kè chéng》， 1979 nián yīng wén bǎn。 2 ào · bèi bèi 'ěr：《 fù nǚ yǔ shè huì zhù yì》（ 1879）， 1886 nián yīng wén bǎn。 3P. bù 'ěr diū hé J.C. pà sài lóng：《 jiào yù、 shè huì hé wén huà de zài shēng chǎn》， 1979 nián yīng wén bǎn。 4S. bào 'ěr sī hé H. jīn dì sī：《 zī běn zhù yì měi guó de jiào yù》， 1976 nián yīng wén bǎn。 5 cí sū sà · fú jí：《 xíng chéng zhōng de shè huì》， 1979 nián yīng wén bǎn， dì 4 zhāng。 6 bǎo luó · fú léi 'ěr：《 bèi yā pò zhě de jiào yù xué》， 1970 nián yīng wén bǎn。 7 ān dōng ní 'ào · gé lán xī：《 kě gōng xuǎn zé de jiào yù xué》， 1973 nián yì dà lì bǎn。 8 ràng · ráo lè sī：《 shè huì zhù yì yǔ jiào yù》， 1899 nián fǎ wén bǎn。 9 bǎo 'ěr · lǎng zhī wàn：《 sī xiǎng yǔ xíng dòng》， 1950 nián fǎ wén bǎn。 10 fú · liè · liè níng：《 lùn guó mín jiào yù bù de zhèng cè wèn tí》（ 1913）， 1963 nián yīng wén bǎn。 11 tóng shàng zuò zhě：《 qīng nián tuán de rèn wù》（ 1920）， 1966 nián yīng wén bǎn。 12 tóng shàng zuò zhě：《 guān yú zōng hé jì shù jiào yù duì nà jié shī dá · kāng sī tǎn dīng nuò fū nà de tí gāng de yì jiàn》（ 1920）， 1966 nián yīng wén bǎn。 13D. lín dēng bèi gé：《 gòng chǎn guó jì yǔ jiē jí xué xiào》， 1972 nián fǎ wén bǎn。 14M.A. mǎ nà kē 'ěr dá：《 mǎ kè sī yǔ xiàn dài jiào yù xué》， 1966 nián yì dà lì bǎn。
liù、 jiào yù de lì shǐ
ōu zhōu
zài xī fāng， jiào yù de qǐ yuán shòu dào zōng jiào zǔ zhì de jù dà yǐng xiǎng： shén fù men rèn shí dào jiào yù de zhòng yào xìng， jiàn lì qǐ xué xiào tǐ xì。 zài 'ōu zhōu， xǔ duō zuì chū de dà xué dōuyòu tiān zhù jiào bèi jǐng。 sū gé lán zōng jiào gǎi gé zhī hòu jiàn lì liǎo xīn de guó lì sū gé lán jiào huì。
zhōng guó
zhōng guó jiào yù kāi shǐ yú zhōng guó gǔ diǎn zhù zuò， ér bù shì zōng jiào zǔ zhì。 zǎo qī zhōng guó rèn yòng shòu jiào yù de guān yuán guǎn lǐ dì guó， yòng lái xuǎn bá guān yuán de kē jǔ kǎo shì zhì dù jiàn lì yú suí cháo， táng cháo de táng tài zōng wán shàn kē jǔ zhì。 zhí dào qīng cháo mò qī de 1905 nián fèi chú， dài zhī yǐ xī fāng jiào yù fāng shì。
rì běn
rì běn jiào yù de qǐ yuán yǔ zōng jiào mìqiè xiāng guān。 xué xiào shì péi yǎng xiǎng yào yán jiū fó jiào chéng wéi sēng lǚ de nián qīng rén de miào yǔ。 hòu lái， xiǎng yào xué xí de hái zǐ jiù yào qù "Tera-koya"( yì wéi miào yǔ xiǎo wū )， xué xí rú hé dú xiě rì wén。
yìn dù
yìn dù de zhì dù huà jiào yù yǐ yòu hěn cháng de lì shǐ。
zuì jìn shì jiè jiào yù qū shì
zài guò qù jǐ shí nián zhōng， wèi shòu rèn hé xué xiào jiào yù de wén máng rén kǒu de bǎi fēn bǐ xià jiàng liǎo。 cóng 1960 nián de 36% xià jiàng dào 2000 nián de 25%。
zài fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā， 2000 nián wén máng bǎi fēn bǐ zhǐ yòu 1970 nián de yī bàn。 zài yǐ fā zhǎn guó jiā， wén máng yě cóng 6 ％ xià jiàng dào 1％， wèi shòu xué xiào jiào yù zhě cóng 5％ xià jiàng dào 2％。
qī、 jiào yù lǐ lùn（ jiào yù xué kē tǐ xì）
· jiào yù zhé xué
· jiào yù jī běn lǐ lùn
· jiào yù fǎ xué
· jiào yù guǎn lǐ xué
· xìn xī jì shù jiào yù
· jiào yù jì shù xué、 jiào yù gōng xué
· jiào yù gōng yì xué
· jiào yù jīng jì xué
· jiào yù xīn lǐ xué
· jiào yù shè huì xué
· jiào yù wèi lái xué
· xué xiào wèi shēng xué
· bǐ jiào jiào yù xué
· jiào yù tǒng jì xué
· jiào yù chuán bō xué
· jiào yù xiào yì xué
· jiào xué kē jì
· jiào yù píng jià xué
bā、 jiào yù jī gòu
· tuō 'ér suǒ
· yòu 'ér yuán
· xiǎo xué
· chū zhōng
· zhōng xué
· guó mín zhōng xué
· gāo jí zhí yè xué xiào
· jì shù xué yuàn
· zhuān kē xué xiào
· dà xué
· tú shū guǎn
· péi xùn bān
· bǔ xí bān
· jiào yù bù
jiǔ、 jiào yù fēn lèi
· xiào tì jiào yù
· dào dé jiào yù
· tāi jiào
· yòu 'ér jiào yù
· jīng diǎn jiào yù
· chū děng jiào yù
· zhōng děng jiào yù
· gāo děng jiào yù
· yán jiū shēng jiào yù
· běn kē jiào yù、 dà xué jiào yù
· gāo zhí jiào yù
· zhuān kē jiào yù
· yì wù jiào yù
· zhōng shēn jiào yù
· zhí yè jiào yù
· chéng rén jiào yù
· gànbù jiào yù
· yuǎn chéng jiào yù
· hán shòu jiào yù
· gōng dú jiào yù
· shù xué jiào yù
· yǔ yán jiào yù
· yuè dú jiào yù
· kē xué jiào yù
· zī xùn jiào yù
· shè huì kē xué jiào yù
· yì shù jiào yù
· jiā tíng jiào yù
· tè shū jiào yù
· zī yōu jiào yù
· bǔ xí jiào yù
· xìng jiào yù
1) hán yì :
jiào yù shì péi yǎng rén de shè huì shí jiàn huó dòng。
guǎng yì de jiào yù fàn zhǐ yī qiē yòu mùdì dì yǐng xiǎng rén de shēn xīn fā zhǎn de shè huì shí jiàn huó dòng。
xiá yì de jiào yù zhù yào zhǐ xué xiào jiào yù， jí jiào yù zhě gēn jù yī dìng de shè huì yào qiú hé shòu jiào yù zhě de fā zhǎn guī lǜ， yòu mùdì、 yòu jìhuà、 yòu zǔ zhì dì duì shòu jiào yù zhě de shēn xīn shī jiā yǐng xiǎng， qī wàng shòu jiào yù zhě fā shēng yù qī biàn huà de huó dòng。
jiào yù shì rén lèi shè huì tè yòu de shè huì xiàn xiàng， suí rén lèi shè huì de chǎn shēng、 fā zhǎn 'ér chǎn shēng、 fā zhǎn qǐ lái de（ yòu rén lèi shè huì jiù yòu jiào yù）。
2) jiào yù de tè diǎn :
yuán shǐ xíng tài jiào yù de tè diǎn： yī， jiào yù tóng shēng chǎn shēng huó xiāng róng hé， jiào yù nèi róng zhù yào wéi shēng chǎn hé shēng huó jīng yàn。 èr， jiào yù shǒu duàn dān yī， jǐn jǐn xiàn yú kǒu 'ěr xiāng chuán。 sān， jiào yù quán lì píng děng， jiào yù mùdì yī zhì。
gǔ dài xíng tài jiào yù de tè diǎn： yī， xué xiào jiào yù chéng wéi jiào yù de zhù yào xíng tài。 èr， xué xiào jù yòu xiān míng de jiē jí xìng hé děng jí xìng。 sān， xué xiào jiào yù yǔ shēng chǎn láo dòng xiāng fēn lí。 sì， jiào yù de fā zhǎn xiāng duì bǐ jiào huǎn màn。
xiàn dài xíng tài jiào yù de tè diǎn： yī， jiào yù de shì sú huà。 èr， jiào yù de guó jiā huà。 sān， jiào yù de fǎ zhì huà。 sì， chū děng jiào yù yì wù huà。 wǔ， xué xiào lèi xíng duō yàng huà。
zhōng shēng jiào yù lǐ niàn xià de dāng dài xíng tài de jiào yù： yī， jiào yù de zhōng shēn huà。 èr， jiào yù de quán mín huà。 sān， jiào yù de mín zhù huà。 sì， jiào yù de zhěng hé huà。
3) jiào yù de gōng néng：
zhǐ : jiào yù huó dòng de gōng xiào hé zhí néng。
bāo kuò : gè tǐ fā zhǎn gōng néng yǔ shè huì fā zhǎn gōng néng（ jiào yù de jīng jì gōng néng、 zhèng zhì gōng néng、 wén huà gōng néng）。
jiào yù de zuì shǒu yào gōng néng shì cù jìn gè tǐ fā zhǎn。 jiào yù de zuì jī chǔ gōng néng shì yǐng xiǎng jīng jì fā zhǎn。 jiào yù de zuì zhí jiē gōng néng shì yǐng xiǎng zhèng zhì fā zhǎn。 jiào yù de zuì shēn yuǎn gōng néng shì yǐng xiǎng wén huà de fā zhǎn。
shí、 jiào yù xiāng guān fǎ lǜ
zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guó jiào yù fǎ
zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guó yì wù jiào yù fǎ
zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guó zhí yè jiào yù fǎ
zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guó mín bàn jiào yù cù jìn fǎ
xiāng guān jiào yù fǎ lǜ
zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guó wèi chéng nián rén bǎo hù fǎ
zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guó yù fáng wèi chéng rén fàn zuì fǎ
zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guó guó jiā tōng yòng yǔ yán wén zì fǎ
jiào yù xíng zhèng fǎ guī
quán guó zhōng、 xiǎo xué qín gōng jiǎn xué zàn xíng gōng zuò tiáo lì
guó wù yuàn zhēng shōu jiào yù fèi fù jiā de zàn xíng guī dìng
sǎo chú wén máng gōng zuò tiáo lì
yòu 'ér yuán gōng zuò tiáo lì
xué xiào tǐ yù gōng zuò tiáo lì
xué xiào wèi shēng gōng zuò tiáo lì
jìn zhǐ shǐ yòng tóng gōng guī dìng
jiào xué chéng guǒ jiǎng lì tiáo lì
cán jí rén jiào yù tiáo lì
jiào shī zī gé tiáo lì
dì fāng xìng jiào yù fǎ guī
hé běi shěng hàn yǔ yán wén zì yìng yòng guǎn lǐ tiáo lì
hé běi shěng shí shī《 zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guó yì wù jiào yù fǎ》 bàn fǎ
hé běi shěng shí shī《 zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guó jiào shī fǎ》 bàn fǎ
hé běi shěng shí shī《 zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guó zhí yè jiào yù fǎ》 bàn fǎ
hé běi shěng shí shī《 zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guó wèi chéng nián rén bǎo hù fǎ》 bàn fǎ
hé běi shěng zài zhí zhí gōng jiào yù tiáo lì
hé běi shěng yì wù jiào yù jīng fèi chóu cuò shǐ yòng guǎn lǐ tiáo lì
jiào yù xíng zhèng guī zhāng jí qí tā guī fàn xìng wén jiàn
yòu 'ér yuán gōng zuò guī chéng
xiǎo xué guǎn lǐ guī chéng
tè shū jiào yù xué xiào zàn xíng guī chéng
liú dòng 'ér tóng shàonián jiù xué zàn xíng bàn fǎ
zhōng xiǎo xué tú guǎn（ shì） guī chéng
zhōng xiǎo xué xiào shí yàn shì gōng zuò de guī dìng
pǔ tōng zhōng xiǎo xué jiào cái chū bǎn fā xíng guǎn lǐ guī dìng
pǔ tōng zhōng xiǎo xué yīn xiàng jiào cái chū bǎn fù lù fā xíng guǎn lǐ guī dìng
zhōng xiǎo xué xiào diàn huà jiào yù guī chéng
zhōng xué bān zhù rèn gōng zuò zàn xíng guī dìng
zhōng xiǎo xué xiào yuán huán jìng guǎn lǐ de zàn xíng guī dìng
pǔ tōng gāo jí zhōng xué shōu fèi guǎn lǐ zàn xíng bàn fǎ
zhōng xiǎo xué xiào cái wù zhì dù
jiào yù dū dǎo zàn xíng guī dìng
shì fàn xìng gāo jí zhōng xué píng gū yàn shōu biāo zhǔn
zhōng xiǎo xué jiào shī jì xù jiào yù guī dìng
zhōng xiǎo xué xiào cháng péi xùn guī dìng
xiǎo xué jiào shī zhí wù shì xíng tiáo lì
zhōng xué jiào shī zhí wù shì xíng tiáo lì
shí yī、 zhí yè jiào yù zhuān yè lèi
quán guó fān yì zhèng shū kǎo shì（ NAETI）
CGFNS（ měi guó hù shì kǎo shì）
quán guó jià gé jiàn zhèng shī dǎo yóu zī gé kǎo shì
bào guān yuán kǎo shì zhì liàng zhuān yè zī gé kǎo shì
jiān lǐ gōng chéng shī zhù cè jié gòu gōng chéng shī
jiào shī zī gé rèn dìng zhí yè yī shī zī gé kǎo shì
zhí yè yào shī zī gé kǎo shì hù shì zhí yè kǎo shì
gōng wù yuán kǎo shì wù yè guǎn lǐ shī
ISO9000 nèi shěn yuán NVQ qǐ yè xíng zhèng guǎn lǐ
guó jiā zhí yè hàn yǔ néng lì cè shì (ZHC) gōng 'ān jī guān mín jǐng zhāo kǎo
diào chá fēn xī shī zhù cè jiàn zào shī
wǎng yè shè jì shī rén lì zī yuán guǎn lǐ
yǎ sī kǎo shì tuō fú kǎo shì
3D jiàn mó gōng chéng shī
shí 'èr、 dú jīng jiào yù
kāi piān héng héng tí chàng 'ér tóng dú jīng yuán yóu
zǔ zōng suī yuǎn， jì sì bù kě bù chéng。 zǐ sūn suī yú， jīng shū bù kě bù dú。
fèi jīng fèi lún， zhì 'ān bài huài gēn yóu。 tān chēn chī màn， rén xīn duò luò yuán yīn。
yù zhì tiān xià tài píng， xū cóng gēn běn zhuóshǒu。 tú wǎn fàn zuì kuáng lán， wéi yòu míng lún jiào xiào。
wù gēn běn wéi zhī mò， rèn zhī mò wéi gēn běn。 qiú wéi jiě jué wèn tí， fǎn dǎo zhì zào wèn tí。
jūn zǐ wéi yòu wù běn， běn wù bāng guó zì níng。
sú yún： [ jiào 'ér yīng hái， jiào fù chū lái ]， ér tóng tiān xìng wèi wū rǎn qián， shàn yán yì rù； xiān rù wéi zhù， jí qí cháng 'ér bù yì biàn； gù rén zhī shàn xīn、 xìn xīn， xū zài yòu xiǎo shí péi yǎng； fán wéi fù mǔ zhě， zài qí zǐ nǚ yòu xiǎo shí， jí dāng jiào yǐ dú sòng jīng diǎn， yǐ péi yǎng qí gēn běn zhì huì jí dìng lì； gèng xiǎo yǐ yīn guǒ bào yìng zhī lǐ， dūn lún jìn fēn zhī dào； ruò yòu shí bù jiào， dài qí zhǎngdà， zé xí xìng yǐ chéng， wú néng wéi lì yǐ！
sān zì jīng shuō： [ yǎng bù jiào， fù zhī guò； jiào bù yán， shī zhī duò。 ]； [ jiào zhī dào， guì yǐ zhuān。 ]， ér fēi bó yǔ zá； gù yī bù jīng diǎn， yí dú sòng bǎi zhì qiān biàn， sū dōng pō yún： [ jiù shū bù yàn bǎi huí dú， shú dú shēn sī zǐ zì zhī。 ] xiàn zài jiào xué， huài zài bó yǔ zá， qiě bù zhòng yīn guǒ dào dé jí xué shēng dú jīng、 dìng lì zhī péi yǎng， zhì yòu jīn rì zhī kǔ guǒ ……。 qǐ pàn xián míng fù mǔ shī cháng， shēn tǐ sī zhǐ； cǐ nǎi zhōng huá wén huà zhī mìng mài suǒ xì， zhōng huá zǐ sūn néng fǒu cháng xiǎng tài píng zhī guān jiàn， yòu huì yǎn zhě， dāng jiàn yú cǐ。
shí sān、 zōng jiào jiào yù
xiàn dài rén pǔ biàn yòu yī zhǒng wú xíng de kǔ , mò míng de yā lì héng héng kǔ , xiàn zài gǎn qíng xuán wō zhōng héng héng kǔ , gōng zuò de yā lì héng héng kǔ , qióng kùn bī shēn héng héng kǔ , zhǒng zhǒng de kǔ， jīhū wú shí wú kè bù huán rào zài zhōu zāo， yī bù xiǎo xīn， zhè xiē kǔ dū huì chán dào shēn shàng。
rán 'ér bù zhī rú hé pái qiǎn zhè xiē chóu kǔ， lěi jī yú yī shēn， wǒ men jiù huì gǎn jué rén shēng yuè lái yuè fá wèi。 shī qù liǎo shēng huó de zhòng xīn yǔ fāng xiàng， nán miǎn jiù yào xiàn rù mí shī、 fǎng huáng、 wú zhù zhōng… ér zhēn zhèng kě yǐ pái jiě kǔ mèn， dí chú chén gòu， yǐn dǎo tuō lí kǔ hǎi de wéi yī fāng fǎ jiù shì héng héng zōng jiào jiào yù。
dàn yí hàn de shì， yòu xǔ duō rén cuò rèn zōng jiào shì mí xìn。 qí shí zōng jiào bù shì mí xìn， yě bù shì zhé xué， gèng bù shì shén jiào， tā shì yī zhǒng jiào yù。 jiào yù wǒ men rú hé zài zhè yī shēng zhōng guò shēn xīn 'ān wěn de shēng huó， jiào yù wǒ men rú hé zuò hǎo rén， zuò shàn rén， tí shēng shēng huó pǐn zhì， yuǎn lí tòng kǔ， guò xìng fú měi mǎn de shēng huó。 zài zhè lǐ， wǒ men xié lù liǎo jiǔ dà zōng jiào de jiào yì yǔ jīng shén， zhù fú nín néng zài fǎng huáng wú zhù zhōng dé dào yī zhǎn guāng míng de dēng， yǐn dǎo nín yòu jiān dìng de xìng líng yǔ zhēn chéng de xìn yǎng， yíng xiàng guāng míng de rén shēng。
First, the basic definition of education
Education jiàoyù
1. [Education] personnel training, dissemination of knowledge work, mainly referring to school education
2. [Educate] teachings inspired to understand the reason
Education is a change in human understanding of the way the objective world, a positive guide human thought, understand and transform the world's active and effective way, from the perspective of the word, can affect the corresponding, from the derogatory term of the perspective of, can instigate evil corresponding.
Education is a human morality, science, technology, knowledge acquired, the spiritual realm of heritage and promotion of behavior, but also the transmission of human civilization. A kind of subjective ideology to properly change some other subjective ideological way. Is to change the thinking of other ideas and a scientific method. Education is also the most expensive defense system.
In short, the essential attribute of education, that education is an impact, a positive effect, a kind of human knowledge and transform the objective world and their positive impact. The ultimate goal of education is to teach is to not teach! The church its self-reflection self-management ability of the survival and development.
The meaning of education
Education is to promote human development and social progress for the purpose of imparting knowledge, experience as a means of cultivating people's social activities.
Education as
Education jiào yù
education
Training new generation ready to engage in social life, the whole process, mainly refers to the school for children, adolescents, youth culture process.
Broadly speaking, any increase people's knowledge and skills to influence people's moral character of the activities are educational.
Narrow education, mainly refers to school education, its meaning is the educator under certain social (or class) requirements, purposeful, planned, organized physical and psychological influence on the educated, and training them into a certain community (or class) the activities of people in need.
Second, the value of education
Based on 9 years of compulsory education, values education population is to solve moral, intellectual, physical and aesthetic education, labor education, science education, the original enlightenment. Encourage and help people have received education and acceptance of the basic skills of social life.
Subsequent secondary, universities and higher education, values education is to address people with basic research, practice, experiment, experiment, imitation, innovation and enlightenment. Encourage and help people with education and acceptance of scientific inventions and so forth, industrialization, standardization, information technology and other production practice basic skills.
Professional education and training, the value is for the community of industrialization, industrialization, economic development, a steady stream of skilled personnel to provide security. Encourage and help people understand the status of education technology jobs, job training posts, and candidates to accept various types of occupational status, access to post job basic skills.
Chinese saying goes: ten trees, takes a hundred years. Reveals that education's fundamental value, that is, to countries with high belief, high moral character, honesty and law-abiding, highly skilled, learned, and more specifically and more to talent, the country home, in order to create scientific knowledge and material wealth, and promote economic growth, promote national prosperity, and promote world peace and human development.
Third, raise the level of education
In general, the educational environment can be divided into: family environment, school environment, social environment.
.
The aim of education can be understood as, for personal survival skills from the beginning, to the pursuit of national interests, national interests, continuing scientific and human destiny, happiness, security, high technology, for the benefit of mankind, no limit!
Science education is three-dimensional, it is divided into four levels: school education, family education, social education and self-education.
School education: that students quotient (IQ) enhancement for the purpose of educational activities.
Family Education: refers to students EQ (EQ) for the purpose of improvement of educational activities.
Social Education: refers to business students in Germany (MQ) for the purpose of the improvement of educational activities.
Self: Personal to improve their overall quality of education for the purpose of behavior.
Four levels interacting with each other, overlap and complement each other to form a complete educational system.
Narrow is the textbook materials. A course textbook is the core teaching materials.
Education refers to certain social conditions, according to the needs of the community, organized, and aimed a planned way educated systematic education and training, develop their physical and mentally.
Education
General education refers to all communication and learning achievements of human civilization - all kinds of knowledge, skills and experience of social life in order to promote individual socialization and social personalized social practice. And the two concepts are usually narrow. Produced in the initial stage of human society. Narrow education specifically refers to school education, that institutionalized education.
Introduction
Education process begins at birth and continued for life has been widely accepted. Some people even believe that education can begin much earlier, some parents let fetus in the womb listening to music and stories, I hope the development of an impact on children.
"Education" comes from the Latin word educare, meaning "leads."
Education has many functions:
• Ensure that human beings continue to promote human development function;
* To promote social development functions;
• Select functions.
Society according to level of education of talented people. People to achieve social status through education changes. Education with the emergence of human society emerged with the development of society and the development of human society has always been. The definition of education, understanding of different scholars from different countries. If the United States, Dewey said: "Education is life." Spencer, the UK, said: "Education and preparation for future life." Zhuang Li of China that "education is forced or guided by educators to accept specific knowledge, rules, information , skills, skills. "
Fourth, the type of education
Formal education
Social, group or private courses to educate people, usually young men. More systematic and complete formal education. The formal education system to impart the knowledge of good or valuable, but sometimes abused.
Adult Education
Lifelong education or adult education has been very popular in many countries. 'Education' was also seen as something for children, adult education, often branded as 'adult learning' or 'lifelong learning'.
Significance of adult education is the role of the adult person the burden of conducting a systematic continuous learning activities aimed at promoting knowledge, attitudes, values and skills of the change. <Darkenwald & Merrian,1982,P.9> was found early the only kind of literacy, to teach people the basic reading, writing and arithmetic skills, he gradually extended to changes in response to the needs of technology to enhance their knowledge and ability for the purpose.
Technology Education
Only provide for a special training, such as computers College. Technical schools to train personnel in different markets. Technical education to the students the opportunity to choose, it will increase the interest of scholars.
Fifth, the implementation of education
Marxist View of Education:
40 years since the 19th century, many writings of Marx and Engels proposed the initial concept of the Marxist theory of education (such as "Das Kapital", Volume 1, Chapter 13; "German Ideology", Volume 1, Part 1; "Critique of Gotha Program," Part 4; "the basic principles of communism"). It is gradually formed on this basis a more systematic education theory. Revolution and its Marxist educational needs of practice, greatly promoted the development of this theory (Lenin, Krupskaya, Bolangsiji, Makarenko). In fact, the basic Marxist educational theory is a theory of practice. This contributed to a number of important characters in Bebel, Jaures, Zetkin, Liebknecht, Gramsci, Langevin, Warren, Saaf. Many researchers currently are working to further develop this theory. The main components of the theory are the following: (1) shall be compulsory for all children, free public education to ensure elimination of the monopoly of culture or knowledge to eliminate all the privileges of education. In the original formulation, this can only be a run by various public institutions of education. So this was mentioned, is to prevent the working class, poor living conditions hinder the overall development of children. Later, clearly put forward other objectives, such as to weaken the family's role in social reproduction, must be based on equal conditions to foster children, must use the power of social groups. Undoubtedly, the most successful revolutionary educational experiments, from Makarenko school to school in Cuba, according to social programs are carried out. (2) Education and the combination of material production (or Marx's words, is the intellectual, physical and production work together). Including the goal here is neither for better vocational training, nor is the inculcation of professional ethics, but rather to ensure that everyone fully understand the production process to eliminate physical and mental, between the concept and practice of history between the formation of gap. The correctness of this principle in theory, although it is widely recognized, but its use has raised many questions (many halfway died or only part of the success of the experiment on the proof of this), which in science and rapid technological change conditions, in particular. (3) Education must ensure the comprehensive development. With the new combinations of science and production, one can become a full sense of the producers. On this basis, all the people both men and women, its potential can be displaying. This will see a general need in the world Nenggou 满足, Shi individuals in, entertainment, culture of creation and Xiangshou, social Sheng Huo's Shen Yu, Ren Yi Ji self-realization of interpersonal communication (Zishen create) Deng social life to display their various Fangmianchongfen. This goal, in particular, need to change the social division of labor, which is a difficult task, so far only in the opening stages. (4) community in the education process have been given a new role. Relationships within the group of schools that change (from competition to cooperation and support) means that the relationship between schools and society will become more open, and to promote mutual learning and positive relationship with the premise. The theory outlined above is not the end. On the basis of these principles to the interpretation or practice carried out by the above principles, there are still many dilemmas. Between Marxism and the Marxist and non-Marxists, between the following issues are being debated: the question of the human personality; "nature and education" issue; schools and popular education in the context of social determinism the possibility of innovation; and education content, methods, structures in the promotion of social change in relative importance. (ZF) References 1M.W. Appel: "Ideology and the curriculum," English in 1979. 2 Austrian Bebel: "Women and Socialism" (1879), 1886 English version. 3P. Bull and JC Pase Long lost: "educational, social and cultural reproduction," English in 1979. 4S. Bowles and H. Gintis: "Capitalism American education," English in 1976. 5 兹苏萨弗吉: "Formation of Society", 1979, in English, Chapter 4. 6 Paul Luofuleier: "The Pedagogy of the oppressed," English in 1970. 7, Antonio Gramsci: "Alternative Education", the Italian edition in 1973. 8 to Jaures: "Socialism and Education" in French in 1899. 9 Paul Erlang of 10,000: "Thought and Action", 1950, French. 10 Fulieliening: "On policy issues the Ministry of Education" (1913), 1963 English version. 11 Ibid author: "Youth of the task" (1920), 1966 English version. 12 Ibid author: "About Integrated Technology Education 娜捷施达康斯坦 Dingnuofuna outline view" (1920), 1966 English version. 13D. Lindenberg: "The Communist International and class schools" in French in 1972. 14M.A. Manacorda: "Marx and Modern Education," the Italian version of 1966.
6, the history of education
Europe
In the West, the origin of education by religious organizations of great influence: the Fathers recognized the importance of education to establish school system. In Europe, many universities have a Catholic background first. Scotland after the Reformation created a new National Church of Scotland.
China
China's education began in the Chinese classical works, not a religious organization. Early Chinese officials appointed by the education management empire to the imperial examination system for selecting officials, was established in the Sui Dynasty, Tang Dynasty, Emperor Taizong improved examination system. Until the late Qing Dynasty in 1905 repealed and replaced by Western education.
Japan
Japan's education is closely related to the origin and religion. School is to train to become Buddhist monks wanted to study young people's temple. Later, the children would want to learn to "Tera-koya" (meaning temple huts), learn how to read and write Japanese.
India
The institutionalization of education in India has a long history.
Recent trends in world education
In the past few decades, were not any school education decreased the percentage of illiterate population. From 36% in 1960 to 25% in 2000.
In developing countries, the percentage of illiteracy in 2000 only half of 1970. In developed countries, illiteracy has dropped from 6% to 1%, were not of school education from 5% to 2%.
7, educational theory (education discipline system)
* Philosophy of Education
* The basic theory of education
• Education Law
• Education Management
• Information Technology Education
* Educational Technology, Educational Technology
* Educational Technology
• Education Economics
* Educational Psychology
* Sociology of Education
• Education Futures
* School of Health Studies
* Comparative Education
• Education statistics
* Education and Communication
* Effectiveness of school education
• Teaching Science
* Educational Assessment Study
8, educational institutions
* Nursery
* Kindergarten
* Primary School
* Junior
* Secondary School
* Junior High School
* Senior Vocational School
* Institute of Technology
* College
* University
* Library
* Training
* Tutorial
* Ministry of Education
IX Classification of Education
* Filial piety education
* Moral Education
* Prenatal
* Early Childhood Education
* Classical Education
* Primary Education
* Secondary Education
* Higher Education
* Graduate Education
* Undergraduate education, university education
* Higher Education
* Specialist Education
* Compulsory
* Life-long education
* Vocational Education
* Adult Education
* Cadre Education
* Distance Education
* Correspondence
* Work-study education
* Mathematics Education
* Language Education
* Reading Education
* Science Education
* Information Technology in Education
* Social Science Education
* Art Education
* Family Education
* Special Education
* Gifted Education
* Supplementary Education
* Sex
1) means:
Education is to cultivate people's social practice.
General education refers to all purposeful physical development affect human social practice.
The narrow sense refers to school education, primary education, that educators, social requirements and according to certain laws of development of the educated, purposeful, planned, organized physical and psychological influence on the educated, the educated of the expected changes in expectations activities.
Education is a social phenomenon unique to human society, with the emergence of human society, development and production, developed (with human society, there is education).
2) Education features:
The characteristics of the original form of education: first, the integration of education with production and living, education, mainly for the production and life experience. Second, education means a single, limited to word of mouth. Third, education, equal rights, education, unity of purpose.
Morphological characteristics of ancient education: a school education has become the main form of education. Second, the school has a distinct class and hierarchy. Third, school education and the separation of productive labor. Fourth, the development of education is relatively slow.
The characteristics of the modern form of education: first, the secularization of education. Second, the nationalization of education. Third, the legal system of education. 4, primary obligation of. 5, school type diversification.
Under the concept of lifelong education in the contemporary forms of education: first, lifelong education. Second, education of all citizens. Third, democratization of education. Fourth, the integration of education.
3) the function of education:
Means: the effectiveness of educational activities and functions.
Including: the development of functional and social development of individual functions (education, economic functions, political functions, cultural functions).
Education first and foremost function is to promote individual development. The most basic function of education is affecting economic development. The most direct function of education is to influence political developments. Education is the most far-reaching impact of cultural development function.
10, education-related laws
The People's Republic of China Education Law
The People's Republic of China Compulsory Education Law
Vocational Education Law of the People's Republic
The People's Republic of China Private Education Promotion Law
Related to education law
The People's Republic of China Law on the Protection of Minors
The People's Republic of China did not prevent adult crime law
The People's Republic of China National Common Language Law
Educational Administration and regulations
National primary and secondary school pupils are temporary work regulations
Interim Provisions of the State Council levy extra charges for education
Literacy work regulations
Nursery work regulations
Sports Work
School health regulations
Prohibit the use of child labor regulations
Teaching Achievement Award Regulations
Disabled Education Ordinance
Teacher Certification Regulations
Local education laws and regulations
Hebei Province, Chinese Language Application Management Ordinance
Hebei Province, the implementation of "The People's Republic of China Compulsory Education Law" approach
Hebei Province, the implementation of "Law of the People's Republic of teachers" approach
Hebei Province, the implementation of "The People's Republic of China Vocational Education Law" means
Hebei Province, the implementation of "The People's Republic of China Law on the Protection of Minors" approach
Hebei Province-the-job staff of the Education Ordinance
Compulsory Education Financing in Hebei Province to use regulations
Educational Administration regulations and other regulatory documents
Nursery work procedures
Management of the primary rules
Interim order special schools
Interim Procedures for Migrating Children
School Librarians (E) of order
The provisions of Laboratory Schools
Ordinary primary and secondary textbooks published regulations
Ordinary primary and secondary audio and video materials recorded distribution complex regulations published
Schools EDUCATIONAL order
Interim Regulations on Secondary School Class
Primary and Secondary School Provisional Regulations on Environmental Management
Interim Measures of ordinary high school fees
Primary and secondary school finance system
Interim Provisions of educational supervision
High School Assessment model acceptance criteria
The provisions of Continuous Education of Teachers
Principal training requirements
Post primary school teachers tried Ordinance
Post secondary school teachers tried Ordinance
11, vocational education, professional class
National Translation Certificate Examination (NAETI)
CGFNS (U.S. nursing exam)
National Qualification Examination for price appraisers guide
Members of the quality of customs examination qualifying examination
Registered structural engineer supervising engineer
Teacher Qualification Examination practitioners
Nurse Practitioners Licensing Examination for Pharmacist Examination
Property Management Division Civil Service Examinations
ISO9000 internal auditor business administration NVQ
National Vocational Chinese Proficiency Test (ZHC) of the Police recruit
Research analyst registration Constructor
Web Designer Human Resource Management
IELTS TOEFL
3D Modeling Engineer
12, reading education
Opening - Reasons to promote children's reading
Although far ancestors, worship is not dishonest. Children are stupid, they must read.
London waste by waste, deterioration of law root cause. Tan Tianchi slow, the reasons people fall.
For cause of peace and harmony must start from the root. Figure pull raging tide of crime, only Minglun and filial piety.
Fundamental mistake to Zhimo, recognized as a fundamental Zhimo. Seeking to solve the problem, and have actually create problems.
Only service this gentleman, this service Bangguo from Ning.
The common saying goes: [teach children babies, early to teach women], children by nature are not contaminated before, good words easy to enter; preconceptions, and their long and not volatile; enemies of benevolence, confidence, the time required to train young; where the parents in their children when young, that is, when taught to recite the classic, to foster the fundamental wisdom and courage of your convictions; also knows the reason for retribution, Dunlun do per Road; if a small child, not teach, let it grow up the habit has become, could do nothing wrong!
Three Character Classic, said: [support does not teach, the father had; lax in teaching, teachers lazy. ]; [To teach the road, you to post. ] Instead of Bo and miscellaneous; it a classic, should recite from 100 to 1000 times, Su says: [100 back tire of reading books, familiar food for thought child knowing. ] Is now teaching in Botswana and miscellaneous bad and does not cause moral and students re-reading, concentration of the culture, to have the bitter fruit of today is ... .... Look forward to wise parents and teachers, deep body of Sri Lanka aims; This is the lifeblood of Chinese culture, Chinese children and grandchildren can enjoy the peace of the key length, there are eye who, when the see this.
13, Religious Education
Modern people have a hard invisible, inexplicable pressure - hard, stuck in the whirlpool of emotions - pain, pressure of work - hard, forcing poor body - pain, all suffering, surrounded by almost all the time around, not careful, they will be tied to the body hard.
But I do not know how to entertain those afflicted, and accumulated in one, we will feel life getting boring. Lost focus and direction in life, we must inevitably fall into lost, anxious, helpless ... and can really resolve the depression, eliminate dust, the only way to guide misery - religious education.
Unfortunately, many people mistaken religion is superstition. In fact, religion is not superstition, nor philosophy, nor polytheism, which is a form of education. Education, how we physically and mentally in this life had a stable life, teaches us how to do good and do good man, improve the quality of life, away from the pain and live a happy successful lives. Here, we collect recorded nine religious doctrine and spirit, blessing you can be helpless in a bright light to guide you to a firm and sincere faith and spirituality, Looking bright life. |
|