弗朗西斯·雅姆（1868－1938），法国旧教派诗人。他笃信宗教，热爱自然，他的诗把神秘和现实混合在一起。他的诗大都写得质朴，很少有绚丽的辞藻。作品有《早祷和晚祷》（1898）、《裸体的少女》（1899）、《诗人与鸟》（1899）、《基督教的农事诗》（1911-1913）等。

 弗朗西斯·雅姆生于法国比利牛斯省杜尔奈，早年曾做过奥尔泰地方公证人的书记员。他是天主教徒。祖父曾在南美洲瓜德罗普岛行医，他父亲就生在那里，因此他对那个小岛充满怀念之情。1890年，他发表了《诗集》，从此结识著名诗人马拉美、小说家纪德，并和纪德结伴去阿尔及利亚旅行。他的一生几乎都是在法国南方乡间度过的，平日深居简出。当他进入文学界时，法国诗坛已厌倦于象征主义的晦涩，而寄兴于可感知的世界。1898年，他发表诗集《从黎明三钟经到夜晚三钟经》，富有乡土气息，愈来愈多的融入了民歌色彩。他用自有诗体写过不少诗集。晚年爱写十音缀诗，有《泉水集》（1936）以及诗集遗篇《泉水与火》。他还写过小说、散文和四卷《回忆录》。另外有书信集四卷，是他跟纪德、克洛代尔等人的来往书简、札记，颇具文献价值。

　　Francis Jammes (French pronunciation: ​[ʒam];[1] 2 December 1868, Tournay, Hautes-Pyrénées ; 1 November 1938, Hasparren, Pyrénées-Atlantiques) was a French poet. He spent most of his life in his native region of Béarn and the Basque Country and his poems are known for their lyricism and for singing the pleasures of a humble country life (donkeys, maidens). His later poetry remained lyrical, but also included a strong religious element brought on by his (re)conversion to Catholicism in 1905.
　　Life
　　Gourmont was born at Bazoches-au-Houlme, Orne, into a publishing family from Cotentin. He was the son of Count Auguste-Marie de Gourmont and his countess, born Mathilde de Montfort. In 1866 he moved to a manor close to Villedieu near La Manche. He studied law at Caen, and was awarded a bachelor's degree in law in 1879; upon his graduation he moved to Paris.
　　
　　In 1881, Gourmont was employed by the Bibliothèque nationale. He began to write for general circulation periodicals such as Le Monde and Le Contemporain. He took an interest in ancient literature, following the footsteps of Gustave Kahn. During this period, he also met Berthe Courrière, model for, and heir of, the sculptor Auguste Clésinger, with whom he formed a lifelong attachment, he and Berthe living together for the rest of their lives.
　　
　　Gourmont also began a literary alliance with Joris-Karl Huysmans, to whom he dedicated his prose work Le Latin mystique (Mystical Latin). In 1889 Gourmont became one of the founders of the Mercure de France, which became a rallying point of the Symbolist movement.[2] Between 1893 and 1894 he was the co-editor, along with Alfred Jarry, of L'Ymagier, a magazine dedicated to symbolist wood carvings. In 1891 he published a polemic called Le Joujou Patriotisme (Patriotism, a toy) in which he argued that France and Germany shared an aesthetic culture and urged a rapprochement between the two countries, contrary to the wishes of nationalists in the French government. This political essay led to his losing his job at the Bibliothèque Nationale,[3] despite Octave Mirbeau's chronicles.
　　
　　
　　Gourmont, Arthur Symons and Havelock Ellis.
　　During this same period, Gourmont was stricken with lupus vulgaris.[4] Disfigured by this illness, he largely retired from public view appearing only at the offices of the Mercure de France. In 1910, Gourmont met Natalie Clifford Barney, to whom he dedicated his Lettres à l'Amazone (Letters to the Amazon).
　　
　　Gourmont's health continued to decline and he began to suffer from locomotor ataxia and be increasingly unable to walk. He was deeply depressed by the outbreak of World War I and died in Paris of cerebral congestion in 1915. Berthe Courrière was his sole heir, inheriting a substantial body of unpublished work which she sent to his brother Jean de Gourmont, and dying within the year. Gourmont is buried in Père-Lachaise Cemetery.
　　
　　Works
　　His poetic works include Litanies de la Rose (1892), Les Saintes du Paradis (1898), and Divertissements (1912). His anthology Hieroglyphes (1894), contains his experiments with the possibilities of sound and rhythm.[5]. It plunges from perhaps ironic piety to equally ironic blasphemy, reflecting, more than anything else, his interest in medieval Latin literature, and his works led to a fad for late Latin literature among authors like Joris-Karl Huysmans. He was also a literary critic and essayist of great importance, most notably his Le Probleme du Style.[6] Created in response to Antoine Albalat's The Art of Writing in Twenty Lessons (1899),[7] Le Probleme du Style was a source book for many of the ideas that inspired the literary developments in both England and France[8] and was also admired by T. S. Eliot and Ezra Pound in that capacity. In 1922 Aldous Huxley translated Gourmont's novel A Virgin Heart.[9] Pound observed in 1915 that the English Imagist poetic movement derived from the French Symbolistes,[10] Eliot describing Gourmont as the "critical conscience of his generation".[11]
　　
　　Bibliography
　　Poetry'
　　Litanies de la Rose (1892).
　　Fleurs de Jadis (1893).
　　Hiéroglyphes (1894).
　　Les Saintes du Paradis (1899).
　　Oraisons Mauvaises (1900).
　　Simone (1901).
　　Divertissements (1912).
　　Poésies Inédites (1921).
　　Rimes Retrouvées (1979).
　　L'Odeur des Jacynthes (1991).
　　Fiction
　　Merlette (novel, 1886).
　　Sixtine (novel, 1890).
　　Le Fantôme (1893).
　　Le Château Singulier (1894).
　　Proses Moroses (short stories, 1894).
　　Histoire Tragique de la Princesse Phénissa (1894).
　　Histoires Magiques (1884).
　　Le Pèlerin du Silence (1896).
　　Phocas (1895).
　　Les Chevaux de Diomède (novel, 1897).
　　D'un Pays Lointain. Miracles. Visages de Femmes (1898).
　　Le Songe d'une Femme (novel, 1899).
　　Une Nuit au Luxembourg (1906).
　　Un Cœur Virginal (1907).
　　Couleurs, Contes Nouveaux Suivi de Choses Anciennes (1908).
　　Lettres d'un Satyre (1913).
　　Lettres à l'Amazone (1914).
　　Monsieur Croquant (1918).
　　La Patience de Grisélidis (1920).
　　Lettres à Sixtine (1921).
　　Le Vase Magique (1923).
　　Fin de Promenade et Trois Autres Contes (short stories, 1925).
　　Le Désarroi (novel, 2006).
　　Theatre
　　Lilith (1892).
　　Théodat (1893).
　　Le Vieux Roi (1897).
　　L'Ombre d'une Femme (1923).
　　Nonfiction
　　Un Volcan en Éruption (1882).
　　Une Ville Ressuscitée (1883).
　　Bertrand Du Guesclin (1883).
　　Tempêtes et Naufrages (1883).
　　Les Derniers Jours de Pompéi (1884).
　　En Ballon (1884).
　　Les Français au Canada et en Acadie (1888).
　　Chez les Lapons, Mœurs, Coutumes et Légendes de la Laponie Norvégienne (1890).
　　Le Joujou Patriotisme (1891).
　　Le Latin Mystique. Les Poètes de l'Antiphonaire et la Symbolique au Moyen Âge (with a preface by J. K. Huysmans, 1892).
　　L'Idéalisme (1893).
　　L'Ymagier (with Alfred Jarry, 1896).
　　La Poésie Populaire (1896).
　　Le Livre des Masques (1896).
　　Almanach de "L'Ymagier", Zodiacal, Astrologique, Littéraire, Artistique, Magique, Cabalistique et Prophétique (1897).
　　Le Deuxième Livre des Masques (1898).
　　Esthétique de la Langue Française (1899).
　　La Culture des Idées (1900).
　　Preface to Les Petites Revues (1900).
　　Le Chemin de Velours (1902).
　　Le Problème du Style (1902).
　　Épilogues: Réflexions sur la Vie, 1895-1898 (1903).
　　Physique de l'Amour. Essai sur l'Instinct Sexuel (1903).
　　Promenades Littéraires (1904).
　　Judith Gautier (1904).
　　Promenades Philosophiques (1905).
　　Dante, Béatrice et la Poésie Amoureuse. Essai sur l'Idéal Féminin en Italie à la Fin du XIIIe Siècle (1908).
　　Le Chat de Misère. Idées et Images (1912).
　　La Petite Ville (1913).
　　Des pas sur le Sable (1914).
　　La Belgique Littéraire (1915).
　　Pendant l'Orage, Bois d'André Rouveyre (1915).
　　Dans la Tourmente (Avril-juillet 1915) (with a preface by Jean de Gourmont [fr], 1916).
　　Pendant la Guerre. Lettres pour l'Argentine (with a preface by Jean de Gourmont, 1917).
　　Les Idées du Jour (1918).
　　Vol. I: (Octobre 1914-avril 1915).
　　Vol. II: (Mai 1915-septembre 1915).
　　Trois Légendes du Moyen Âge (1919).
　　Pensées Inédites (with a Preface by Guillaume Apollinaire, 1920).
　　Le Livret de "L'Ymagier" (1921).
　　Petits Crayons (1921).
　　Le Puits de la Vérité (1922).
　　Dernières Pensées Inédites (1924).
　　Dissociations (1925).
　　Nouvelles Dissociations (1925).
　　La Fin de l'Art (1925).
　　Les Femmes et le Langage (1925).
　　Deux Poètes de la Nature: Bryant et Emerson (1925).
　　Le Joujou et Trois Autres Essais (1926).
　　Lettres Intimes à l’Amazone (1926).
　　Promenades Littéraires (1929).
　　In English translation
　　A Night in the Luxembourg (with preface by Arthur Ransome, 1912).
　　"A French View of 'Kultur'," The New Republic (1915).
　　Theodat, a Play (1916).
　　Philosophic Nights in Paris (1920).
　　"Dust for Sparrows," Part II, Part III, Part IV, The Dial, Vol. LXIX, 1920; Part V, Part VI, Part VII, Part VIII, Part IX, The Dial, Vol. LXX, 1921.
　　The Book of Masks (1921).
　　A Virgin Heart (1921).
　　Decadence, and Other Essays on the Culture of Ideas (1922).
　　The Natural Philosophy of Love (1922).
　　Mr. Antiphilos, Satyr (1922).
　　Very Woman: A Cerebral Novel (1922).
　　The Horses of Diomedes (1923).
　　Epigrams of Remy de Gourmont (1923).
　　Stories in Yellow, Black, White, Blue, Violet, and Red (1924).
　　Stories in Green, Zinzolin, Rose, Purple, Mauve, Lilac, and Orange (1924).
　　Dream of a Woman (1927).
　　The Prostituted Woman: The Sexless One in the Singular Château (1929).
　　Letters to the Amazon (1931).
　　Lilith, a Play (1946).
　　The Angels of Perversity (1992).
　　French Decadent Tales, by Stephen Romer (2013).
　　Quotation
　　French literature
　　by category
　　French literary history
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　　French writers
　　Chronological listWriters by categoryEssayistsNovelistsPlaywrightsPoetsShort story writersChildren's writers
　　Portals
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　　vte
　　
　　Que tes mains soient bénies, car elles sont impures!
　　Elles ont des péchés cachés à toutes les jointures;
　　Leur peau blanche s'est trempée dans l'odeur âpre des caresses
　　Secrètes, parmi l'ombre blanche où rampent les caresses,
　　Et l'opale prisonnière qui se meurt à ton doigt,
　　C'est le dernier soupir de Jésus sur la croix.
　　---Oraisons mauvaises
　　References
　　 Gourmont was Georges Bataille's bedtime reading as a student. Michel Surya, Georges Bataille: an intellectual biography, New York: Verso, 2002, p. 27-28.
　　 Burne, Glen S. (1963). Remy de Gourmont: His Ideas and Influence in England and America. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
　　 Curtis, Michael (1959). Three Against the Third Republic: Sorel, Barrès and Maurras. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, p. 40.
　　 Denkinger, Marc (1937). "Remy de Gourmont Critique". PMLA. 52 (4): 1148. JSTOR 458509. Denkinger refers to the disease as "lupus tuberculeux", apparently lupus vulgaris, which is a form of tuberculosis of the skin, unrelated to systemic lupus erythematosus, the disease now commonly known as lupus.
　　 Burne (1963).
　　 Gourmont, Remy de (1902). Le Probleme du Style. Paris: Société du Mercure de France.
　　 Mattix, Micah (28 May 2014). "The Art of Writing Well". theamericanconservative.com. The American Conservative. Retrieved 17 Aug 2016.
　　 Read, Herbert (1957). The Tenth Muse. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
　　 A Virgin Heart (translator Aldous Huxley) Toronto: Musson Books, 1922.
　　 The Ezra Pound Encyclopedia, Ed., Demetres P. Tryphonopoulos and Stephen Adams. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2005, p. 227.
　　 Eliot, T.S. (1928). Preface to The Sacred Wood. London: Methuen & Co.
　　Further reading
　　Aldington, Richard (1915). "Remy de Gourmont," The Little Review, Vol. II, No. 3, pp. 10–13.
　　Aldington, Richard (1919). "Remy de Gourmont," The Living Age, Vol. CCCIII, pp. 665–668.
　　Aldington, Richard (1919). "Remy de Gourmont, after the Interim," The Little Review, Vol. V, No. 10/11, pp. 32–34.
　　Aldington, Richard (1928). Remy de Gourmont, a Modern Man of Letters. Seattle: University of Washington Book Store.
　　Amalric, Jean-Claude (1984). "Shaw, Hamon, and Rémy de Gourmont," Shaw, Vol. 4, pp. 129–137.
　　Burke, Kenneth (1921). "Approaches to Remy de Gourmont," The Dial, Vol. LXX, pp. 125–138.
　　Clayton, T. T. (1919). "Le Latin Mystique," The Little Review, Vol. V, No. 10/11, pp. 27–29.
　　Cornetz, Victor (1922). "Remy de Gourmont, J.H. Fabre and the Ants," The Living Age, Vol. CCCXV, pp. 105–110.
　　Ellis, Havelock (1915). "Remy de Gourmont," The New Republic, Vol. V, No. 59, pp. 166–167.
　　Ellis, Havelock (1936). "Remy de Gourmont." In: From Rousseau to Proust. London: Constable & Company, pp. 307–327.
　　Gosse, Edmund (1922). "Two French Critics: Émile Faguet—Remy de Gourmont." In: Aspects and Impressions. London: Cassell & Company, pp. 203–223.
　　Greene, Henry Copley (1894). "French Prose Symbolism," The Harvard Monthly, Vol. XVIII, pp. 106–121.
　　Huneker, James Gibbons (1917). "Remy de Gourmont," The North American Review, Vol. CCV, No. 739, pp. 935–942.
　　Jacob, Paul Emile (1931). "Remy de Gourmont," Illinois Studies in Language and Literature, Vol. XVI, No. 2, pp. 7–176.
　　Krutch, Joseph Wood (1928). "The Nihilism of Remy de Gourmont," The Nation, pp. 357–359.
　　Lowell, Amy (1915). "Remy de Gourmont." In: Six French Poets. New York: The Macmillan Company, pp. 105–146.
　　Lewisohn, Ludwig (1916). The Poets of Modern France. New York: B.W. Huebsch.
　　Macy, John (1922). "Remy de Gourmont." In: The Critical Game. New York: Boni & Liveright, pp. 153–159.
　　Manning, Frederic (1919). "M. De Gourmont and the Problem of Beauty," The Little Review, Vol. V, No. 10/11, pp. 19–27.
　　Papini, Giovanni (1922). "Remy de Gourmont." In: Four and Twenty Minds. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, pp. 198–207.
　　Parker, Robert Allerton (1915). "Remy de Gourmont's Criticism of Morality," The Forum, Vol. LV, pp. 593–600.
　　Pound, Ezra (1916). "Remy de Gourmont," Poetry, Vol. VII, No. 4, pp. 197–202.
　　Pound, Ezra (1919). "De Gourmont: A Distinction," The Little Review, Vol. V, No. 10/11, pp. 1–19.
　　Powys, John Cowper (1916). "Remy de Gourmont." In: Suspended Judgements. New York: G. Arnold Shaw, pp. 225–254.
　　Ransome, Arthur (1913). "Remy de Gourmont." In: Portraits and Speculations. London: Macmillan & Co., pp. 161–186.
　　Rodker, John (1919). "De Gourmont―Yank," The Little Review, Vol. V, No. 10/11, pp. 29–32.
　　Symons, Arthur (1919). The Symbolist Movement in Literature. New York: E.P. Dutton & Company.
　　External links
　　Works by Remy de Gourmont at Project Gutenberg
　　Works by or about Remy de Gourmont at Internet Archive
　　Works by Remy de Gourmont at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
　　Works by Remy de Gourmont, at JSTOR
　　Works by Remy de Gourmont, at Hathi Trust
　　Selected Poems by Remy de Gourmont (in French)
　　Les Amateurs de Remy de Gourmont (In French)
　　Selections (in English) from Le Probléme du Style
　　Ezra Pound on Remy de Gourmont
　　Richard Aldington on Remy de Gourmont