Suimu off the old, Xue Qing Shan For Spring. Line traffic and the horse, not the dust of Luoyang.
十载过如梦,素心应已违。行行家渐远,更苦得书稀。
入楚行应远,经湘恨必深。那堪对寒烛,更赋别离吟。
欲将寒涧树,卖与翠楼人。
瘦叶几经雪,淡花应少春。
长安重桃李,徒染六街尘!
【Review】 唐代的长安是高门贵族豪华竞逐的地方。买花是当时贵族社会的一种风尚。“一丛深色花,十户中人赋”(白居易《买花》),利之所在,人必趋之。在待价而沽的浓香艳色中,居然连“瘦叶”、“淡花”的松树也出现了;于是诗人产生了感慨,叹息卖树人这种行为的不合时宜。
诗题为“赠卖松人”,就从卖松人这一角度来着笔。卖松人把松树做为商品送入市场,和夭桃秾李去竞争,意在求利,结果却不能达到目的,这件事的本身就具有讽刺意味。诗人借题发挥,用婉而多风的语言寄托了自己的情愫。
本来,松树是耐寒的树木,生长在深山大谷之中,葱郁轮囷,气势凌云。人们称赞它有崇高的品德,所谓“岁寒,然后知松柏之后凋也”。“草木有本心,何求美人折?”(张九龄《感遇》)卖松人为了求利,才把它送到长安,希望“卖与翠楼人”。这些富贵人家看惯了宠柳娇花,对松树的“瘦叶”、“淡花”的外表,是不屑一顾的。这样,松树崇高的美学价值在这种场合之中,就不会为人们所认识。翠楼人不爱寒涧树,卖松人的主观愿望和客观的社会需要很不一致。即使松树得售于翠楼人,这时,它失去了原来生长的土壤,又怎样托根呢?在微婉的词句中,表明松树是大不该被送到长安来寻求买主。
诗人慨叹的是长安只能够欣赏夭艳的桃李,松树的价值当然不被认识;但是卖松人不卖春花,只卖青松,似乎是认识到松树的美的价值了,可惜他不懂得这个社会。无怪乎所得的结果,只能使寒涧青松徒为六街尘染而已。
用意很微婉,松树也只是一个比喻。诗人所讽谕的是:一切象松树似的正直而有才能的人,不用到长安来谋求出路,决不会得到这个朝廷掌权的人的重视,因为他们所需要的是象桃李一样趋时媚俗的人。这首诗对当时的社会是讽刺,对卖松树人是晓谕,是劝告;而那种不希求荣利的心情,却是诗人的自寓。
据《唐才子传》称:“于武陵名邺,以字行,……大中(唐宣宗年号,公元847─860年)时,尝举进士,不称意,携书与琴,往来商洛、巴蜀间,或隐于卜中,存独醒之意。”这个决弃了长安的荣名利禄的人,因为平素有所蓄积于心,通过卖松这件事而写出了这首别具一格的讽刺诗来。(刘树勋)
Osmanthus half off the air, tobacco butterflies fly away. No news of a water trace rare CSR.
东道听游子,夷门歌主人。空持语相送,应怪不沾巾。
石冷开常晚,风多落亦频。樵夫应不识,岁久伐为薪。
A sad picture from the fans, cry several times before the fish. Palace sat listening to music, cool shake Tsui train.
Well before a loss chariot, Qiluo Health dark dust. But should be late May, independence of people with disappointment.
Green moth old long letter, Zhaoyang Pink new. Jun heart like Autumn Festival, not to the grass Changchun.
从来名利地,皆起是非心。所以青青草,年年生汉阴。
一望云复水,几重河与关。愁心随落日,万里各西还。
Yela on the positive tree, grass decline Valley Park. Chaos is not already owned by Crow, Canri half ago Hin.
Suddenly a leaf from the tree, a few people with the entry. Chang family is still, to fall still further west.
Traditional mountain dew wet grass, flowers warm continent. To make peer-off, Yifan still unknown back.
Thousands of trees east Ridge, West Africa on a apple. Also crossing the Xiangjiang River to the Xiangjiang River complex spring water.
凉天生片月,竟夕伴孤舟。一作南行客,无成空白头。
A book is not returned, thousands of leaves are flying. South over Dongting water should dilute the message.
石路几回雪,竹房犹闭关。不知双树客,何处与云闲。
His life infinite things, this do not know. Du Yi pine door for a long time, faint clouds Cuiwei.
浮世几多事,先生应不闻。寒山满西日,空照雁成群。
Qian Han with remote, snow road to the city open. No letters from home for a long time, mid-air geese come.
昔时轻一别,渐老贵相逢。应恋嵩阳住,嵩阳饶古松。
Chu water over thousands of miles, to the Qinshan some weight. Language to-day and dawn, the city covered with monthly minutes.
Youth Day had to do, yet such as long turn Peng. Utah customers for the commoner, the shame off of it into.
共惊年已暮,俱向客中多。又驾征轮去,东归事若何。