Washing my hands to make the bridal soup,
I decide that not my mother-in-law
But my husband's young sister shall have the fiat taste.
【Writing in Vernacular Chinese】 新娘三朝下厨房,洗手亲自作菜汤。
不知婆婆啥口味,先叫小姑尝一尝。
【Notes】 1、未谙句:意思是还不熟悉婆嫂的口味。
【Review】 诗描摹一位新嫁娘巧思慧心的情态。第一次烧饭菜。为了把握婆婆的口味,先遣婆婆养大的小姑尝试。语虽浅白。却颇为得体,合情合理。新娘的机灵聪敏,心计巧思,跃然纸上。"先遣小姑尝",真是于细微处见精神。
有人认为此诗是为新入仕途者而作。在情理上,作为新入仕途者的借鉴亦未尝不可。
[鉴赏]
“新媳妇难当”——在旧社会人们普遍有这种看法。但也有些新媳妇在令人作难的处境中找到了办法,应付了难局,使得事情的发展带有戏剧性,甚至富有诗趣,象王建的这首诗所写的,即属于此类。这也是唐代社会封建礼教控制相对放松,妇女们的巧思慧心多少能够得以表现出来的一种反映。
“三日入厨下,洗手作羹汤。”古代女子嫁后的第三天,俗称“过三朝”,依照习俗要下厨房做菜。“三日”,正见其为“新嫁娘”。“洗手作羹汤”,“洗手”标志着第一次用自己的双手在婆家开始她的劳动,表现新媳妇郑重其事,力求做得洁净爽利。
但是,婆婆喜爱什么样的饭菜,对她来说尚属未知数。粗心的媳妇也许凭自己的口味,自以为做了一手好菜,实际上公婆吃起来却为之皱眉呢。因此,细心、聪慧的媳妇,考虑就深入了一步,她想事先掌握婆婆的口味,要让第一回上桌的菜,就能使婆婆满意。
“未谙姑食性,先遗小姑尝。”这是多么聪明、细心,甚至带有点狡黠的新嫁娘!她想出了很妙的一招——让小姑先尝尝羹汤。为什么要让小姑先尝,而不象朱庆馀《闺意献张水部》那样问她的丈夫呢?朱诗云“画眉深浅入时无”,之所以要问丈夫,因为深夜洞房里只有丈夫可问。而厨房则是小姑经常出入之所,羹汤做好之后,要想得到能够代表婆婆的人亲口尝一尝,则非小姑不可。所以,从“三日入厨”,到“洗手”,到“先遣小姑尝”,不仅和人物身份,而且和具体的环境、场所,一一紧紧相扣。沈德潜评论说:“诗到真处,一字不可易。”
读这首诗,人们对新嫁娘的聪明和心计无疑是欣赏的,诗味也正在这里。新嫁娘所循的,实际上是这样一个推理过程:一、前提:长期共同生活,会有相近的食性;二、小姑是婆婆抚养大的,食性当与婆婆一致;三、所以由小姑的食性可以推知婆婆的食性。但这样一类推理过程,并不是在任何场合下都能和诗相结合。象有人在笺注此诗时所讲的:“我们初入社会,一切情形不大熟悉,也非得先就教于老练的人不可。”(喻守真《唐诗三百首详析》)《新嫁娘词》所具有的典型意义,固然可以使人联想到这些,但是要直接就写这些入诗,则不免带有庸俗气。而在这首诗中,因为它和新嫁娘的灵机慧心,和小姑的天真,以及婆婆反将入于新嫁娘彀中等情事联系在一起,才显得富有诗意和耐人寻味。
象这样的诗,在如何从生活中发现和把握有诗意的题材方面,似乎能够给我们一些启示。
(余恕诚)
I care of the no return, I wish the children do not look back. When required to go, what with starting Li You.
But fear not Canton Road, the ground for the hills. I cars and horses, want to stop anti-disease.
Shu-off multi-product cargo, while others easily Monkey. Love man named home, happy as a revenge feud.
Ding Ning phase exhortation, no particular bitter fortune. Complementary to each other across no better than jackals Tiger Chou.
He is far from Jishu, MO Send this winter fur. And the king of all disappeared, the two concepts without cause.
Food & Wine Dinner nursery people, planted then look back into. The children in the home, the British all the way divergent.
Counties temporary spare, juke cited various health. Open spring bath and Birds, for the love of the mountains sound.
Things there is no guarantee the world, each day the Migration sign. Life and death phase and not spend the implementation side wing.
I came to this point, the Code Officials of non-real name. Re-Jun Xi-based, phase dismount line.
Day destroy the old island, water no longer clear. No power to reward future generations, the hand of your self.
Pouring wine to think, from where the wind spirit. This is not to go again, re-shaped to hurt me.
Gun City Circuit Gujiao, felt off by the valley. Hanging pot immediately pulp, head sub-cheek.
Come high classroom, parents end. Back to the surface but not at home, the wind rags.
Sores in the limb of gold, arrowheads pull phase. Wen Road West Liangzhou, every family of women crying.
Jiu Jianv clay side, leaving me to be text-chi. Synthesis Shuangfeng flowers, reverberates from incompatible.
Zongling color change, do not send Acacia different. Read the beginning of a difficult, expensive thousand pieces of gold who foot.
Front of the Chang'an Avenue, to those who like water. Morrowind birds Xiang, Pei back to leave this.
Lead to deep micro-Lin, Feng Qu quiet gas and more. Fang no instant access to stay, get non-stop Ke Gui.
Fresh water autumn, Xishan Bi Mindanao Mindanao. Huan Liang hereby valuable, who came to re even more.
See the departure at the complex, Chong Sheng Yin Yuqiu.
Jiang green grass everywhere, pedestrians made Xiaoxiang. Xiao Xiang Yan back more, day and night and think of home.
Dreaming I do not know the number of empty mountains blue Huifang.
行见日月疾,坐思道路长。但令不征戍,暗镜生重光。
Read their own age for a long time, who so long in the side. If not owned by young, blue room in their lives.
End of the World still send a letter, not teaser here. According to Jun and water, overwhelmed by self-clear.
Royal residence in Penglai, Su Su Zhong drain clear. General Link Habayashi, Chiji Tour Miyagi.
Tsui Wah Chan are places, snow battle Luotian Bing. Ting Liao Yuan Huang Huang, flag on the Sun and Moon.
Saint dragon fire, clothing, rest room open Xuan shut. Wang Zi Yan Lung Lau, ladies days, Bank of China.
Fan precedence six times, each shaped clothes. Lift head and look at Yu Pai, the palace did not know names.
Pheasant fan about to open, dance dance sub-summary report. Court dress with Jin, Shanshan touching sound.
Order prepared Thai court music, nine played the happy couple ming. Pei back Qingyun, the yam chime cold clank.
Excellencies and then offer life, God tin Yongzhen. Quartet morning report, after the insurance group peace.
Read the child-free energy, thereby learning something Rong line. Young was still alive, have the same falling into the clouds.
Seoul home since last reported, again on the Diocese. Seoul brothers repair waste stables, Seoul mother sew new clothes.
Huang Huang fear is not true, still unknown hard Cheng Wang. Daily air out of the city, fear of thirst carrying pots pulp.
Andhra reduced to economics, so suddenly beside me. Yizhi travel labor, human haggard horse Yuen Wong.
Shen Mo stays, I'm Home intestinal pain.
Old monk living in the cloud, Shek Mun Ching heavy. Quan Yin develop a turtle, but the ancient walls of flying dragons.
After sweeping the new Abraham, hanging streamers on the peak. Rixi apes birds together, feeding clock to listen to Hill.
Will find much fire springs, tea near the Han Song. Late pay-drug people, they Nanjian in places.
Early morning dew red line, wet squid soft and thick. Refuge to the Zen master, and would like to make incense Weng.
Pro Fang Tang Sai Lau, Kerry Wood when the Heights. Fuzhou Yi full stream, recovery and wine surplus respect.
Shandong to no mountains, the sea level as the Yin. Gao Feng Liang Qi, the Villa Esplanada Chen Qingyuan.
Qing Jin Yan sit near, Li Yung-Yi Dun Dun. Yan willing believers, singing Master door.
所出薝卜香,外国俗来求。毒蛇护其下,樵者不可偷。
古碑在云巅,备载置寺由。魏家移下来,后人始增修。
近与韦处士,爱此山之幽。各自具所须,竹笼盛茶瓯。
牵马过危栈,襞衣涉奔流。草开平路尽,林下大石稠。
过郭转经峰,忽见东西楼。瀑布当寺门,迸落衣裳秋。
石苔铺紫花,溪叶裁碧油。松根载殿高,飘飖仙山浮。
县中贤大夫,一月前此游。赛神贺得雨,岂暇多停留。
二十韵新诗,远寄寻山俦。清泠玉涧泣,冷切石磬愁。
君名高难闲,余身愚终休。相将长无因,从今生离忧。
Text stream gurgling diarrhea, Germany peak to base base. Two in Beijing two decades, feeding Gongqing room.
Chapter closed neither under the old friends and more ashamed Yen. Horse market selling cattle, but owned by Xiang Pu Shan.
Silkworm Shangcu wheat harvest, food and clothing should be plenty. Bi Jian with Zen monks, Akiyama places on the rain.
Physical fitness, and Huan, Ying spared beam combination. Slaughter on the town of Jingzhou, respected travel the same age.
Every joy through the world of Friends, KAN Rong raise grant painting. Delay on the public food, sad sad not wild fur.
Opening banquet host, etiquette without acting. Yin drunk laugh or Britain, made about both profit and loss.
Pro Zhou Li Fang fresh, Shengtang cited guests. Mujia name early years, much thinking before this level.
Almost exactly the same honor Confucius, Zhu Pan Guanxing nephew. Knew remarry marry, how could hope for the family.
Showtime is also earnest, and the distant other. Anti-Ji Shu Chu pen, Shu worry much hot tea.
Guanshan foot overlap, when the section meet. Mo sigh of the army, and worry Qi Road points.
Americans stop fingers, the smell is not from Joseph. Fight night to Bashan, ape sound full Pik.
Home is still bitter heat, light clothes, Wei Xi. Season suddenly re moved, autumn Toru meridians.
Sleep off the cutting nature, and Malaysia scared into Ludi. Wei Yuan Cheng, asked, suddenly scared faint shake policy.
Yun Qi army music, and worry often weigh the plot. I only hope in a poor family, reunion over overnight.
Temporary house on tree height, smoke grass covered sand flat. Interest will be when Rong Shi, Luen shadow line around the pool.
多时水马出,尽日蜻蜓绕。朝早独来看,冷星沈碧晓。
湿树浴鸟痕,破苔卧鹿迹。不缘尘驾触,堪作商皓宅。
Re so colorful pose, white die from normal. Past years with the sermon, blue lapel near the division.
Two-phase due to the source, if their clothing and clothes. Trekking into the return, from my fitness Xianyang.
Did not return home frustrated, horseshoe to make four. Yong Xin-Wen Yu's visit, tireless road long.
Huai Nian Xi servants, and as yet home. Xi blind date night, sleep income does not vary bed.
Utah will be all the way, consider starting 忽忽. Gold is not to jar, to pour wine without pulp.
Read all the poor and lowly, Andhra phase forward. Enter the provincial away, old house south car.
Homecoming not proud of, but your friend and brother Akira. May the weather, the waves poison in soup.
Shenwu more drinking, self-medicated ready.
勿以听者迷,故使宫徵错。谁言三岁童,还能分善恶。
孜孜日求益,犹恐业未博。况我性顽蒙,复不勤修学。
有如朝暮食,暂亏忧陨获。若使无六经,贤愚何所托。
Last year, with sub-types, sincere words temporarily return home. How to abandon me, and Tin Road suddenly Teng Xiang.
Who that has eyes, does not know the appearance of intestinal knowledge. It turned out good heart, my radish Sang Xue.
Forward trace your thing, do not lament this difference Xiang. Often empty rooms, http Mei Gui Zhang said.
Years of living in this river, Song Gui-day gray. Since no beauty, the mountains, not glow.
Left abandoned by the best medicine, but also burn the old cottage. Jun oath has also written, in the final I learned Xian Fang.
Chen was involved in both, the wish is not the sea. Always fame way, Shenwu suffer blame calamity.
World Road thin words and deeds, abandoned their studies teacher. A meal for every pregnant ex, do not re-word exhortation.
Xiao Cheng neither school, friends, Road Day loss. Then pay for fame and fortune, the whole world war Mercedes-Benz.
Chang Mu upright, away from the life and death do not phase. Gouneng into my body, sweet and servants with.
Believe me he made, he is no doubt that I am. Acupuncture and sources, the stone cast deep pool.
Eventually move toward the good way, when the line of the beloved. Zongling error see, also you Benxiang regulations.
Legislation does not seek fame, you go to the flaw Ci. The sons would like Yi, Yong information for future generations.

