《侯爵夫人》是乔治·桑早期的作品，刻画了一个不愿同现实社会同流合污而追求纯洁爱情的贵族女性。现实生活中缺乏爱情，她在悲剧中找到了，于是一起真正的爱情悲剧发生了
《莫普拉》（1838）是“妇女问题”小说的最后一部，已经露出“社会问题小
说”的端倪。这部小说既有妇女问题小说的内容，又大大突破了这种框架。一是这
部小说的女主人公爱德梅掌握了自己的命运，由她来挑选自己的终身伴侣，妇女的
婚姻问题似乎不复存在。二是这部小说展开了相当广阔的社会背景描写，抨击了凶
残、顽固的贵族代表特里斯唐一家，还描绘了18世纪末的重大事件，如贝尔纳就参
加了美国的独立战争。三是刻画了一个农民哲学家帕希昂斯，他信仰卢梭和拉莫奈
的思想，主张人人平等，这是农村中纯朴、睿智、正直的农民代表，体现了乔治·
桑初期的空想社会主义思想。四是加强了对封建制度的讽刺和抨击，小说尖锐地揭
露了18世纪末法国的司法制度如何贪赃枉法、草管人命，以及教士穷奢极欲、宗教
团体与歹徒沆瀣一气等现象。五是描写受到不良习俗熏陶的贵族青年，如何在获得
文化知识的基础上，改掉了丑恶、卑劣的行为和思想，成为新人，发展了卢梭的教
育思想。爱德梅在小说中是美和善的象征，她具有强烈的共和主义信念，并以这种
信念感染了帕希昂斯。她支持贝尔纳参加美国独立战争和抗击入侵者，她深知贝尔
纳的叔叔们都是怙恶不悛的恶棍，而他本性却是善良的，能够改恶从善。贝尔纳的
一生表明，教育能改变人的习性，进而使某些落伍的人跟上文明发展的过程：他一
旦受到爱情的驱使，这一改变就更易实现。
从这五个方面来看，《莫普拉》确实是乔治·桑内容最丰富的小说之一。因此，
自它问世以来，一直受到读者和评论家的重视和赞赏。
《莫普拉》被称为一部“斗篷加长剑”式的小说，这类小说注重情节的复杂曲
折，波澜起伏。小说开卷，在风雨交加的夜晚，一个迷了路的美丽姑娘来到魔窟，
外面是骑警队在猛攻，这个少女则在宫堡里为保持自己的清白展开一场斗智。随后
她和贝尔纳从地道逃出。城堡当夜被攻破后，两个莫普拉与他们不期而遇。戏剧性
场面一环套一环。审判贝尔纳一场达到小说发展高潮，写得跌宕起伏，精彩纷呈。
经过他的战友的斡旋奔走，爱德梅复原后的出庭作证，帕希昂斯的揭发，案情才水
落石出。整部小说写得一气呵成，情节由年届八旬的贝尔纳口述出来，却没有生硬
和脱节之感。这一切显示了乔治·桑娴熟的写作技巧。
这里还要提到小说中优美的风景描写。无论是雷雨之夜贝尔纳居住的那个城堡
的阴森、地道和机关的巧妙、宫堡废墟的荒凉恐怖，还是骑士于贝尔的宫堡中夜晚
月下一对情人的交锋，面对初秋多雾之夜的田野人物内心的感受，都写得富于抒情
和浪漫的色彩，这是对法国中部地区农村风景的一曲颂歌。
Plot summary
The novel's plot has been called a plot of female socialization, in which the hero is taught by the heroine how to live peacefully in society. Mauprat resembles the fairy tale "Beauty and the beast." As this would suggest, the novel is a romance. However, Sand resists the immediate happy ending of marriage between the two main characters in favor of a more gradual story of education, including a reappraisal of the passive female role in courtship and marriage. Sand also calls into question Rousseau's ideal version of the female education as described in his novelÉmile, namely, training women for domesticity and the home.
The novel, set before the French Revolution, depicts the coming of age of a nobleman named Bernard Mauprat. The story is narrated by the old Bernard in his country home many years later, as told to a nameless young male visitor. Bernard recounts how, raised by a violent gang of his feudal kinsmen after the death of his mother, he becomes a brutalized "enfant sauvage." When his cousin Edmée is held captive by Bernard's "family", he helps her escape, but elicits a promise of marriage from her by threatening rape. Thus begins the long courtship of Bernard and Edmée. The novel ends with a trial similar to the one in Stendhal's The Red and the Black.
During the period Sand wrote the novel, she was gradually becoming more interested in the problem of political equality in society and in the views of socialist thinkers such as Pierre Leroux. Mauprat depicts a new type of literary figure, the peasant visionary Patience. Part of the novel takes place during the American Revolutionary War.
Film adaption
Mauprat was adopted into a silent film with the same title by French director Jean Epstein in 1926. Luis Buñuel was assistant director on this film, and was Buñuel's first film credit.
说”的端倪。这部小说既有妇女问题小说的内容，又大大突破了这种框架。一是这
部小说的女主人公爱德梅掌握了自己的命运，由她来挑选自己的终身伴侣，妇女的
婚姻问题似乎不复存在。二是这部小说展开了相当广阔的社会背景描写，抨击了凶
残、顽固的贵族代表特里斯唐一家，还描绘了18世纪末的重大事件，如贝尔纳就参
加了美国的独立战争。三是刻画了一个农民哲学家帕希昂斯，他信仰卢梭和拉莫奈
的思想，主张人人平等，这是农村中纯朴、睿智、正直的农民代表，体现了乔治·
桑初期的空想社会主义思想。四是加强了对封建制度的讽刺和抨击，小说尖锐地揭
露了18世纪末法国的司法制度如何贪赃枉法、草管人命，以及教士穷奢极欲、宗教
团体与歹徒沆瀣一气等现象。五是描写受到不良习俗熏陶的贵族青年，如何在获得
文化知识的基础上，改掉了丑恶、卑劣的行为和思想，成为新人，发展了卢梭的教
育思想。爱德梅在小说中是美和善的象征，她具有强烈的共和主义信念，并以这种
信念感染了帕希昂斯。她支持贝尔纳参加美国独立战争和抗击入侵者，她深知贝尔
纳的叔叔们都是怙恶不悛的恶棍，而他本性却是善良的，能够改恶从善。贝尔纳的
一生表明，教育能改变人的习性，进而使某些落伍的人跟上文明发展的过程：他一
旦受到爱情的驱使，这一改变就更易实现。
从这五个方面来看，《莫普拉》确实是乔治·桑内容最丰富的小说之一。因此，
自它问世以来，一直受到读者和评论家的重视和赞赏。
《莫普拉》被称为一部“斗篷加长剑”式的小说，这类小说注重情节的复杂曲
折，波澜起伏。小说开卷，在风雨交加的夜晚，一个迷了路的美丽姑娘来到魔窟，
外面是骑警队在猛攻，这个少女则在宫堡里为保持自己的清白展开一场斗智。随后
她和贝尔纳从地道逃出。城堡当夜被攻破后，两个莫普拉与他们不期而遇。戏剧性
场面一环套一环。审判贝尔纳一场达到小说发展高潮，写得跌宕起伏，精彩纷呈。
经过他的战友的斡旋奔走，爱德梅复原后的出庭作证，帕希昂斯的揭发，案情才水
落石出。整部小说写得一气呵成，情节由年届八旬的贝尔纳口述出来，却没有生硬
和脱节之感。这一切显示了乔治·桑娴熟的写作技巧。
这里还要提到小说中优美的风景描写。无论是雷雨之夜贝尔纳居住的那个城堡
的阴森、地道和机关的巧妙、宫堡废墟的荒凉恐怖，还是骑士于贝尔的宫堡中夜晚
月下一对情人的交锋，面对初秋多雾之夜的田野人物内心的感受，都写得富于抒情
和浪漫的色彩，这是对法国中部地区农村风景的一曲颂歌。
Plot summary
The novel's plot has been called a plot of female socialization, in which the hero is taught by the heroine how to live peacefully in society. Mauprat resembles the fairy tale "Beauty and the beast." As this would suggest, the novel is a romance. However, Sand resists the immediate happy ending of marriage between the two main characters in favor of a more gradual story of education, including a reappraisal of the passive female role in courtship and marriage. Sand also calls into question Rousseau's ideal version of the female education as described in his novelÉmile, namely, training women for domesticity and the home.
The novel, set before the French Revolution, depicts the coming of age of a nobleman named Bernard Mauprat. The story is narrated by the old Bernard in his country home many years later, as told to a nameless young male visitor. Bernard recounts how, raised by a violent gang of his feudal kinsmen after the death of his mother, he becomes a brutalized "enfant sauvage." When his cousin Edmée is held captive by Bernard's "family", he helps her escape, but elicits a promise of marriage from her by threatening rape. Thus begins the long courtship of Bernard and Edmée. The novel ends with a trial similar to the one in Stendhal's The Red and the Black.
During the period Sand wrote the novel, she was gradually becoming more interested in the problem of political equality in society and in the views of socialist thinkers such as Pierre Leroux. Mauprat depicts a new type of literary figure, the peasant visionary Patience. Part of the novel takes place during the American Revolutionary War.
Film adaption
Mauprat was adopted into a silent film with the same title by French director Jean Epstein in 1926. Luis Buñuel was assistant director on this film, and was Buñuel's first film credit.
其实早在1946年，乔治·桑就已经开始对田园生活感兴趣。这一年她发表了著名的田园小说《魔沼》 ，全书没有复杂的情节和冗长的理论阐述，而是自始至终充满诗意。这部小说诗歌文学作品奠定了作家晚期创作的基调。