《侯爵夫人》是喬治·桑早期的作品，刻畫了一個不願同現實社會同流合污而追求純潔愛情的貴族女性。現實生活中缺乏愛情，她在悲劇中找到了，於是一起真正的愛情悲劇發生了
《莫普拉》（1838）是“婦女問題”小說的最後一部，已經露出“社會問題小
說”的端倪。這部小說既有婦女問題小說的內容，又大大突破了這種框架。一是這
部小說的女主人公愛德梅掌握了自己的命運，由她來挑選自己的終身伴侶，婦女的
婚姻問題似乎不復存在。二是這部小說展開了相當廣阔的社會背景描寫，抨擊了兇
殘、頑固的貴族代表特裏斯唐一傢，還描繪了18世紀末的重大事件，如貝爾納就參
加了美國的獨立戰爭。三是刻畫了一個農民哲學家帕希昂斯，他信仰盧梭和拉莫奈
的思想，主張人人平等，這是農村中純樸、睿智、正直的農民代表，體現了喬治·
桑初期的空想社會主義思想。四是加強了對封建制度的諷刺和抨擊，小說尖銳地揭
露了18世紀末法國的司法制度如何貪贓枉法、草管人命，以及教士窮奢極欲、宗教
團體與歹徒沆瀣一氣等現象。五是描寫受到不良習俗熏陶的貴族青年，如何在獲得
文化知識的基礎上，改掉了醜惡、卑劣的行為和思想，成為新人，發展了盧梭的教
育思想。愛德梅在小說中是美和善的象徵，她具有強烈的共和主義信念，並以這種
信念感染了帕希昂斯。她支持貝爾納參加美國獨立戰爭和抗擊入侵者，她深知貝爾
納的叔叔們都是怙惡不悛的惡棍，而他本性卻是善良的，能夠改惡從善。貝爾納的
一生表明，教育能改變人的習性，進而使某些落伍的人跟上文明發展的過程：他一
旦受到愛情的驅使，這一改變就更易實現。
從這五個方面來看，《莫普拉》確實是喬治·桑內容最豐富的小說之一。因此，
自它問世以來，一直受到讀者和評論傢的重視和贊賞。
《莫普拉》被稱為一部“鬥篷加長劍”式的小說，這類小說註重情節的復雜麯
折，波瀾起伏。小說開捲，在風雨交加的夜晚，一個迷了路的美麗姑娘來到魔窟，
外面是騎警隊在猛攻，這個少女則在宮堡裏為保持自己的清白展開一場鬥智。隨後
她和貝爾納從地道逃出。城堡當夜被攻破後，兩個莫普拉與他們不期而遇。戲劇性
場面一環套一環。審判貝爾納一場達到小說發展高潮，寫得跌宕起伏，精彩紛呈。
經過他的戰友的斡旋奔走，愛德梅復原後的出庭作證，帕希昂斯的揭發，案情纔水
落石出。整部小說寫得一氣呵成，情節由年屆八旬的貝爾納口述出來，卻沒有生硬
和脫節之感。這一切顯示了喬治·桑嫻熟的寫作技巧。
這裏還要提到小說中優美的風景描寫。無論是雷雨之夜貝爾納居住的那個城堡
的陰森、地道和機關的巧妙、宮堡廢墟的荒涼恐怖，還是騎士於貝爾的宮堡中夜晚
月下一對情人的交鋒，面對初秋多霧之夜的田野人物內心的感受，都寫得富於抒情
和浪漫的色彩，這是對法國中部地區農村風景的一麯頌歌。
Plot summary
The novel's plot has been called a plot of female socialization, in which the hero is taught by the heroine how to live peacefully in society. Mauprat resembles the fairy tale "Beauty and the beast." As this would suggest, the novel is a romance. However, Sand resists the immediate happy ending of marriage between the two main characters in favor of a more gradual story of education, including a reappraisal of the passive female role in courtship and marriage. Sand also calls into question Rousseau's ideal version of the female education as described in his novelÉmile, namely, training women for domesticity and the home.
The novel, set before the French Revolution, depicts the coming of age of a nobleman named Bernard Mauprat. The story is narrated by the old Bernard in his country home many years later, as told to a nameless young male visitor. Bernard recounts how, raised by a violent gang of his feudal kinsmen after the death of his mother, he becomes a brutalized "enfant sauvage." When his cousin Edmée is held captive by Bernard's "family", he helps her escape, but elicits a promise of marriage from her by threatening rape. Thus begins the long courtship of Bernard and Edmée. The novel ends with a trial similar to the one in Stendhal's The Red and the Black.
During the period Sand wrote the novel, she was gradually becoming more interested in the problem of political equality in society and in the views of socialist thinkers such as Pierre Leroux. Mauprat depicts a new type of literary figure, the peasant visionary Patience. Part of the novel takes place during the American Revolutionary War.
Film adaption
Mauprat was adopted into a silent film with the same title by French director Jean Epstein in 1926. Luis Buñuel was assistant director on this film, and was Buñuel's first film credit.
說”的端倪。這部小說既有婦女問題小說的內容，又大大突破了這種框架。一是這
部小說的女主人公愛德梅掌握了自己的命運，由她來挑選自己的終身伴侶，婦女的
婚姻問題似乎不復存在。二是這部小說展開了相當廣阔的社會背景描寫，抨擊了兇
殘、頑固的貴族代表特裏斯唐一傢，還描繪了18世紀末的重大事件，如貝爾納就參
加了美國的獨立戰爭。三是刻畫了一個農民哲學家帕希昂斯，他信仰盧梭和拉莫奈
的思想，主張人人平等，這是農村中純樸、睿智、正直的農民代表，體現了喬治·
桑初期的空想社會主義思想。四是加強了對封建制度的諷刺和抨擊，小說尖銳地揭
露了18世紀末法國的司法制度如何貪贓枉法、草管人命，以及教士窮奢極欲、宗教
團體與歹徒沆瀣一氣等現象。五是描寫受到不良習俗熏陶的貴族青年，如何在獲得
文化知識的基礎上，改掉了醜惡、卑劣的行為和思想，成為新人，發展了盧梭的教
育思想。愛德梅在小說中是美和善的象徵，她具有強烈的共和主義信念，並以這種
信念感染了帕希昂斯。她支持貝爾納參加美國獨立戰爭和抗擊入侵者，她深知貝爾
納的叔叔們都是怙惡不悛的惡棍，而他本性卻是善良的，能夠改惡從善。貝爾納的
一生表明，教育能改變人的習性，進而使某些落伍的人跟上文明發展的過程：他一
旦受到愛情的驅使，這一改變就更易實現。
從這五個方面來看，《莫普拉》確實是喬治·桑內容最豐富的小說之一。因此，
自它問世以來，一直受到讀者和評論傢的重視和贊賞。
《莫普拉》被稱為一部“鬥篷加長劍”式的小說，這類小說註重情節的復雜麯
折，波瀾起伏。小說開捲，在風雨交加的夜晚，一個迷了路的美麗姑娘來到魔窟，
外面是騎警隊在猛攻，這個少女則在宮堡裏為保持自己的清白展開一場鬥智。隨後
她和貝爾納從地道逃出。城堡當夜被攻破後，兩個莫普拉與他們不期而遇。戲劇性
場面一環套一環。審判貝爾納一場達到小說發展高潮，寫得跌宕起伏，精彩紛呈。
經過他的戰友的斡旋奔走，愛德梅復原後的出庭作證，帕希昂斯的揭發，案情纔水
落石出。整部小說寫得一氣呵成，情節由年屆八旬的貝爾納口述出來，卻沒有生硬
和脫節之感。這一切顯示了喬治·桑嫻熟的寫作技巧。
這裏還要提到小說中優美的風景描寫。無論是雷雨之夜貝爾納居住的那個城堡
的陰森、地道和機關的巧妙、宮堡廢墟的荒涼恐怖，還是騎士於貝爾的宮堡中夜晚
月下一對情人的交鋒，面對初秋多霧之夜的田野人物內心的感受，都寫得富於抒情
和浪漫的色彩，這是對法國中部地區農村風景的一麯頌歌。
Plot summary
The novel's plot has been called a plot of female socialization, in which the hero is taught by the heroine how to live peacefully in society. Mauprat resembles the fairy tale "Beauty and the beast." As this would suggest, the novel is a romance. However, Sand resists the immediate happy ending of marriage between the two main characters in favor of a more gradual story of education, including a reappraisal of the passive female role in courtship and marriage. Sand also calls into question Rousseau's ideal version of the female education as described in his novelÉmile, namely, training women for domesticity and the home.
The novel, set before the French Revolution, depicts the coming of age of a nobleman named Bernard Mauprat. The story is narrated by the old Bernard in his country home many years later, as told to a nameless young male visitor. Bernard recounts how, raised by a violent gang of his feudal kinsmen after the death of his mother, he becomes a brutalized "enfant sauvage." When his cousin Edmée is held captive by Bernard's "family", he helps her escape, but elicits a promise of marriage from her by threatening rape. Thus begins the long courtship of Bernard and Edmée. The novel ends with a trial similar to the one in Stendhal's The Red and the Black.
During the period Sand wrote the novel, she was gradually becoming more interested in the problem of political equality in society and in the views of socialist thinkers such as Pierre Leroux. Mauprat depicts a new type of literary figure, the peasant visionary Patience. Part of the novel takes place during the American Revolutionary War.
Film adaption
Mauprat was adopted into a silent film with the same title by French director Jean Epstein in 1926. Luis Buñuel was assistant director on this film, and was Buñuel's first film credit.
其實早在1946年，喬治·桑就已經開始對田園生活感興趣。這一年她發表了著名的田園小說《魔沼》 ，全書沒有復雜的情節和冗長的理論闡述，而是自始至終充滿詩意。這部小說詩歌文學作品奠定了作傢晚期創作的基調。