首頁>> 文學>> 外国经典>> 儒勒·凡爾納 Jules Verne   法國 France   法蘭西第三共和國   (1828年二月8日1905年三月24日)
八十天環遊地球 Around the World in Eighty Days
  《八十天環遊地球》是凡爾納一部引入入勝的小說,筆調生動活潑,富有幽默感。小說敘述了英國人福格先生因和朋友打賭,而在八十天剋服重重睏難完成環遊地球一周的壯舉。書中不僅詳細描寫了福格先生一行在途中的種種離奇經歷和他們所遇到的千難萬險,而且還在情節的展開中使人物的性格逐漸立體化。沉默寡言、機智、勇敢、充滿人道精神的福格,活潑好動易衝動的僕人等等。作品發表後,引起了轟動,多次再版。
  《八十天環遊地球》-作品內容
  
  在還沒有飛機的19世紀70年代,當人們還以馬車、雪橇、輪船、火車……作為代步工具的時候,要想在短短的八十天之內環球一周,怎能不讓人驚嘆和佩服。完成此舉的這個人,就是費雷亞斯•福格。
  
  這件事就發生在1872年的倫敦。由於英國國傢銀行的一次失竊,福格和改良俱樂部的會友以兩萬英鎊作為賭註,打賭可以在八十天裏環遊地球一周。為了證實這一推算的準確性,福格帶着剛剛雇用的,綽號叫萬事通的僕人立刻啓程從倫敦出發,開始了這次不可思議的環球旅行。福格設想的旅行路綫是這樣的:乘火車先到蘇伊士運河,在這裏乘船到印度,然後坐火車橫穿印度,來到中國的香港,再乘船到日本,接着到美國,坐火車穿過美國後,最後再回到倫敦。在此期間,他必須分秒不差地從一個地方趕到另一個地方,衹有始終準確無誤才能保證按時回來。
  
  這位性格冷僻、精確準時的紳士在旅途中遇到的事情:遭人跟蹤、置身荒村無路可走、捨身救人、與惡僧對簿公堂、遭暗算誤了輪船、遇風浪海上搏擊、與僕人失散、勇鬥劫匪、救僕人身赴險境、燃料告急海上經受考驗、疑為竊賊海關被囚……幾乎所有的意外和睏難都被福格不幸遇到了,就算他臨危不懼,冷靜守時,他也無法預料旅途上所發生的所有的事情。更何況,還有一位名叫菲剋斯的偵探始終跟在他身邊不停地設置障礙,虎視眈眈一心想把他捉拿歸案,其原因是他與警方描述的疑犯的外貌特徵驚人地相似。然而,所有的睏難都沒有難倒福格,他總能在危難關頭找到問題的解决辦法,一次次神奇地化險為夷、擺脫睏境:買大象穿越密林趕火車、英雄救美贏得美人心、花重金取保候審擺脫官司、高價雇航船渡海赴日本。機緣巧合與僕人重聚、英勇禦敵戰劫匪、坐雪橇穿越冰原、燒輪船解燃眉之急、消除誤會重獲自由……這是一位怎樣的紳士呀!他的鎮定自若、慷慨大方、勇敢機智和善良細心給每一個人都留下了深刻的印象;正是他身上的這些異乎尋常的優秀品質使他每次均能逢兇化吉、轉危為安,最後勝利完成旅行;那個偵探則是一個意外捲入這次旅行中的特殊人物,他固執多疑、急功近利、精於算計,但卻忠於職守,出於職責和貪心,他一路跟蹤福格,被迫也進行了一次環球旅行。他想方設法處處給福格製造麻煩,阻止他順利完成計劃,但他的計謀卻一次次落空;而那個叫萬事通的法國小夥子則為這次旅行增添了不少笑料;他誠實勇敢、身懷絶技、正直善良,但卻容易上當受騙,他既為主人化解了不少危機也為主人製造了不少麻煩,他的加入使這次旅行變得趣味橫生;還有一位人物雖然話語不多,但卻有着舉足輕重的地位,她就是福格捨身搭救的阿嫵達夫人,也是後來的福格夫人。她光彩照人、溫柔高雅、善解人意,一直在福格身邊從精神上支持他、鼓勵他堅持到勝利。有了她的陪伴,這次環球之旅也變得浪漫多情和溫情脈脈了。故事的結局當然是如人所願:福格贏得了這次打賭,並且找到了他一生的伴侶。
  《八十天環遊地球》-作者簡介
  
  《八十天環遊地球》儒勒•凡爾納
  儒勒•凡爾納(Verne•Jules1828-1905),法國最著名的科幻小說作傢。出生於海港城市,自幼迷上航海,曾離傢出走當水手,又被父親找回,送到巴黎學習法律。他畢業後不願做法官,卻去劇院做了秘書,開始撰寫劇本。凡爾納熱衷於各種科學新發現,也創作科幻小說打下紮實基礎。1863年,出版《氣球上的五個星期》,獲得成功。此後40餘年間筆耕不綴,幾乎每年都有一兩部新作問世,題材廣泛。他的科學幻想小說的總名是《在已知和未知的世界中奇異的漫遊》,簡稱《奇異的漫遊》。
  
  主要作品:《八十天環遊地球》、《底兩萬裏》、《格蘭特船長的兒女》、《環繞月球》、《神秘島》、《世界主宰者》、《米歇爾•斯特羅哥夫》、《氣球上的五星期》、《空中歷險記》、《墨西哥的“幽靈”》、《佐奇瑞大師》、《牛博士》、《一個在冰雪中度過的鼕天》、《徵服者羅比爾》、《兩年假期》、《從地球到月球》、《八十天環繞地球》、《奧蘭情遊》、《升D先生和降E小姐》、《隱身新娘》、《昂梯菲爾奇遇記》、《大海入侵》、《烽火島》、《太陽係歷險記》、《巴爾薩剋考察隊的驚險遭遇》、《哈特拉斯船長歷險記》、《大木筏》、《喀爾巴阡古堡》、《金火山》、《魯濱遜叔叔》、《多瑙河領航員》、《魯濱遜學校》、《馬丁•帕茲》《旅行基金》、《漂逝的半島》、《桑道夫伯爵》、《黑印度》、《南非洲歷險記》、《突破封鎖》、《沙皇的郵件》、《印度貴婦的五億法郎》、《小把戲》。
  《八十天環遊地球》-作品主題
  
  《八十天環遊地球》的敘事技巧並不復雜,福格的這次旅行其實是和偵探菲剋斯的被動旅行同時平行展開的兩條敘事綫,這兩條綫既平行發展又交錯交匯,交叉點就是故事的衝突點,也是故事的出彩之處。而萬事通和阿嫵達都是福格旅行這條綫上的兩個小分支,他們的故事為全文增色不少。每一次衝突都為故事掀起了一個小高潮,福格的每次遇險也都讓人緊張萬分,尤其是小說的最後一部分:就在福格眼看勝利在望的時候,他偏偏被關在海關,當他被放出來之後,耽誤的時間已經太多,沒有可能準時趕回倫敦了。讀者都以為福格已經輸掉這次打賭了,可誰都沒有料到,萬事通發現他的主人居然算錯了日期,於是福格又出人意料地贏得了打賭。全文就是這樣在一次又一次的意外中讓讀者體會到了驚險和刺激的。
  《八十天環遊地球》-內容分析
  
  《八十天環遊地球》是儒勒.凡爾納一步引人入勝的小說。裏邊講了一個英國人福剋先生因和朋友打賭,在八十天內剋服重重睏難完成環遊地球一周的壯舉。書中不僅講了他們所遇到的千難萬險,而且在情節中體現出每個人的個性。沉着、機智、勇敢、冷靜的福剋和他活潑、好動、易衝動的僕人等等都給人留下了深刻的印象。
  
  福剋先生到哪都是沉默不語的冷靜態度,即使是錯過了搭往美國的郵船浪費了他一天多的時間,還是在火車的鐵軌上遇見了千百萬匹牛群從軌道上穿過而耽誤了3個多小時,他總是面無表情,就像他已經知道他自己一定會贏的一樣。不過如果輸了這個打賭就得賠掉兩千萬英鎊——他所有的財産。一開始就講福剋先生是非常有生活規律的人,就像是個機器人,定了時間似的,總是一分不多一秒不差的做完他計劃之內的事。當然這八十天環遊地球也是他規定好的,前幾天,他的行程的確跟本子上的計劃一模一樣,到達一個地點,他就拿出小本子,在上面寫着,某月某日,到底哪裏。
  
  可是世上沒有不起浪的海,在一路上的天氣變化,倒黴衝動但又絶對忠實的僕人路路通所造的麻煩和某些人為的成心破壞,使他們的路程總是沒有他們所預計的完美。可不管多麽糟糕的情況下,福剋先生總是能衝出重圍,總能有解决的辦法。當然他都是靠他揮灑留下的大把大把的英鎊。有他那麽用巨大資金連眼皮都不眨一下的人,現實生活中應該是不會有的。
  
  最叫我驚心動魄的還是馬上要回到紐約完成他八十天的環球任務去領大把大把鈔票的時候,眼看就要到達紐約了,居然被一直跟在他們身邊的探警費剋斯當作銀行搶劫犯抓了起來。時間一分一秒的流逝,眼看勝利就在眼前,卻一下子成了泡影,福剋先生臉上仍是沒有一點表情。他心裏真的一點不急嗎?誰也不知道。
  
  當費剋斯弄清了真相,連蹦帶跳的跑進監獄放了福剋時,福剋衹是兩手一揮當作伸懶腰打了費剋斯兩拳,就急忙趕去紐約。可是,當他們到達樓鐘下的時候,時針卻指着8點50分,他們衹晚了5分鐘!
  
  福剋知道自己已經一無所有了,但還有一件值得慶幸的事就是在他們旅途上救了一位艾娥達夫人,現在她就要成為他的妻子了。當路路通到教堂通知神甫的時候,卻發現了一個驚人的消息,今天不是2月21號,是2月20號!他們整整早到了一天!可是福剋到達倫敦的時候是2月20號,怎麽會記錯呢?
  
  原來是他們在這次旅途中不知不覺占了二十四小時的便宜。由於他這次旅行往東走,每當他們走過一條經綫他們就會提前4分鐘看到日出,整個地球一共分作三百六十度,用四分鐘乘三百六十,結果正好是二十四小時。此時此刻,還不到5分鐘,跟他打賭的會友正在俱樂部等他。
  
  俱樂部裏的成員,包括所有到來的人們和記者攝影師都來到了現場。倒數一分鐘裏,第四十秒平安的過去了,到了第五十秒是平安無事!到了第五十五秒的時候,聽到外面人聲雷動,掌聲,歡呼聲,還夾雜着咒駡聲,五位紳士都站了起來!到了第五十七秒,這千鈞一發的時候,大廳的門被打開了,鐘擺還沒有來得及響第六十下,一群狂熱的群衆簇擁着福剋衝進了大門。衹見他沉靜地說:“先生們,我回來了。
  《八十天環遊地球》-作品評價
  
  凡爾納的《八十天環遊地球》故事生動幽默,妙語橫生,又能激發人們尤其是青少年熱愛科學、嚮往探險的熱情,所以一百多年來,一直受到世界各地讀者的歡迎。據聯合國教科文組織的資料表明,凡爾納是世界上被翻譯的作品最多的十大名傢之一。
  
  凡爾納是一個非常優秀的通俗小說作傢,有一種能夠把自己的幻覺變得能夠觸摸的本領,其感覺是全方位的,從平淡的文學中傳達出某種人類的熱情。但凡爾納的《八十天環遊地球》中人物除了少數幾個外都是一模一樣的,他似乎塑造不出更重要的人物,人物都是臉譜化的簡單的好人壞人,沒有什麽心理活動;從其作品人物性別單一化上還可看出他對女人的偏見,隱隱流露出深受其苦的心態。此外凡爾納的作品中充滿了明顯的社會傾嚮,是一個愛國者(法國人最好)、民族解放主義者(支持被壓迫民族鬥爭),在某種程度上是一個無政府主義者(從某些作品中表現出無秩序者),最後還是一個銀河帝國主義者(有締造宇宙帝國的欲望)。
  
  《八十天環遊地球》裏充滿了知識,但他本人卻是一名宇宙神秘主義者,對世界有一種神秘的崇拜。在他的小說中,有時候思考問題不夠深刻,主題也常常重複。
  
  但總的來說,凡爾納的嘗試仍然是偉大的。正如1884年教皇在接見凡爾納時曾說:“我並不是不知道您的作品的科學價值,但我最珍重的卻是它們的純潔、道德價值和精神力量。”
  
  結尾有點走到盡頭苦盡甘來的感覺,福格先生花了畢生的錢打了一個賭,這個賭令他找到了他生命的另一半,而由於一個糊塗探長的糊塗行動使他失去了那些錢,在這樣的情況下他還能樂觀地面對生活,結局出乎意料他以時差贏得了那些奬金。這個結尾就足見凡爾納的寫作功力。
  《八十天環遊地球》-BBC版本
  
  
  《BBC八十天環遊地球 》
  海報海報
  
  【譯名】BBC Around The World In 80 Days
  
  【集數】7CD
  【年代】2005年
  【國傢】英國
  【片長】7小時
  【類別】紀錄片
  【語言】英語
  【格式】XVID5 AC3
  【字幕】 (請點)英文字幕(請點)中文字幕
  
  【簡介】: BBC王牌主持人,英國名喜劇演員Micheal Palin帶您展開了另一次絢麗的80天旅途,一起周遊世界。 與世界名著“環遊世界八十天”相同旅程!環遊世界旅行者必備的經典參考指南!你曾夢想環遊世界嗎?八十天內繞完地球一周,會是怎麽樣的奇幻刺激冒險?麥剋爾·帕林自告奮勇要完成這一部紀錄片(這輩子在這之前衹有一次經驗),跟時間賽跑,在全無劇本的情況下,踏上這段路程,所有的變化,毫無預警。這是前所未有的嘗試』 ---麥可帕林威尼斯的垃圾船、在埃及被撞壞的計程車、橫渡波斯灣的簡陋小船、中國的蒸汽船、越過換日綫的貨櫃船…… 麥剋爾·帕林環繞世界一週的壯舉,除了坐不完的船、上吐下泄,饑不擇食的鸚鵡之外,更有著目不暇給的驚喜!!
  
  分集目錄
  
  第1集 艱鉅挑戰
  按照作著朱勒凡爾納的路徑,從倫敦由海路及陸路展開…
  第 2集 阿拉伯恐慌
  從蘇伊士港到沙烏地港,這一切都得看阿拉的旨意了…
  第3集 古代水手
  古加拉特水手帶領航行到印度孟買,但引擎卻突然故障..
  第4集 驚險颳鬍
  在印度第一大城孟買當街颳鬍後,轉輾前往馬德拉斯…
  第5集 東方快車
  從新加坡港出發到香港之前在南中國海遇到三個颱風…
  第6集 深入遠東
  航行到上海、橫濱,在東京稍為休息後面對廣大的太平洋..
  第 7集 從換日綫到最後期限
  時間漸逼但他們得通過美國和太西洋回到起點…


  Around the World in Eighty Days (French: Le tour du monde en quatre-vingts jours) is a classic adventure novel by the French writer Jules Verne, first published in 1873. In the story, Phileas Fogg of London and his newly employed French valet Passepartout attempt to circumnavigate the world in 80 days on a £20,000 wager set by his friends at the Reform Club.
  
  Plot summary
  
  The story starts in London on October 2, 1872. Phileas Fogg is a wealthy English gentleman who lives unmarried in solitude at Number 7 Savile Row, Burlington Gardens. Despite his wealth, which is £40,000, Mr. Fogg, whose countenance is described as "repose in action", lives a modest life with habits carried out with mathematical precision. As is noted in the first chapter, very little can be said about Mr. Fogg's social life other than that he is a member of the Reform Club. Having dismissed his former valet, James Foster, for bringing him shaving water at 84° Fahrenheit instead of 86°, Mr. Fogg hires the Frenchman Passepartout, who is about 30 years old, as a replacement.
  
  Later, on that day, in the Reform Club, Fogg gets involved in an argument over an article in The Daily Telegraph, stating that with the opening of a new railway section in India, it is now possible to travel around the world in 80 days. He accepts a wager for £20,000 from his fellow club members, which he will receive if he makes it around the world in 80 days. Accompanied by Passepartout, he leaves London by train at 8:45 P.M. on October 2, 1872, and thus is due back at the Reform Club at the same time 80 days later, on December 21.
  Map of the trip
  The proposed schedule London to Suez rail and steamer 7 days
  Suez to Bombay steamer 13 days
  Bombay to Calcutta rail 3 days
  Calcutta to Hong Kong steamer 13 days
  Hong Kong to Yokohama steamer 6 days
  Yokohama to San Francisco steamer 22 days
  San Francisco to New York City rail 7 days
  New York to London steamer and rail 9 days
  Total 80 days
  
  Fogg and Passepartout reach Suez in time. While disembarking in Egypt, they are watched by a Scotland Yard detective named Fix, who has been dispatched from London in search of a bank robber. Because Fogg matches the description of the bank robber, Fix mistakes Fogg for the criminal. Since he cannot secure a warrant in time, Fix goes on board the steamer conveying the travellers to Bombay. During the voyage, Fix becomes acquainted with Passepartout, without revealing his purpose. On the voyage, Fogg promises the engineer a large reward if he gets them to Bombay early. They dock two days ahead of schedule.
  
  After reaching India they take a train from Bombay to Calcutta. About halfway there Fogg learns that the Daily Telegraph newspaper article was wrong – the railroad ends at Kholby and starts 50 miles further on at Allahabad. Fogg promptly buys an elephant, hires a guide and starts toward Allahabad.
  
  During the ride, they come across a suttee procession, in which a young Parsi woman, Aouda, is led to a sanctuary to be sacrificed by the process of sati the next day by Brahmins. Since the young woman is drugged with the smoke of opium and hemp and obviously not going voluntarily, the travellers decide to rescue her. They follow the procession to the site, where Passepartout secretly takes the place of Aouda's deceased husband on the funeral pyre, on which she is to be burned the next morning. During the ceremony, he then rises from the pyre, scaring off the priests, and carries the young woman away. Due to this incident, the two days gained earlier are lost but Fogg shows no sign of regret.
  
  The travellers then hasten on to catch the train at the next railway station, taking Aouda with them. At Calcutta, they can finally board a steamer going to Hong Kong. Fix, who has secretly been following them, has Fogg and Passepartout arrested in Calcutta. However, they jump bail and Fix is forced to follow them to Hong Kong. On board, he shows himself to Passepartout, who is delighted to meet again his travelling companion from the earlier voyage.
  
  In Hong Kong, it turns out that Aouda's distant relative, in whose care they had been planning to leave her, has moved, probably to Holland, so they decide to take her with them to Europe. Meanwhile, still without a warrant, Fix sees Hong Kong as his last chance to arrest Fogg on British soil. He therefore confides in Passepartout, who does not believe a word and remains convinced that his master is not a bank robber. To prevent Passepartout from informing his master about the premature departure of their next vessel, Fix gets Passepartout drunk and drugs him in an opium den. In his dizziness, Passepartout still manages to catch the steamer to Yokohama, but neglects to inform Fogg.
  
  Fogg, on the next day, discovers that he has missed his connection. He goes in search of a vessel that will take him to Yokohama. He finds a pilot boat that takes him and Aouda to Shanghai, where they catch a steamer to Yokohama. In Yokohama, they go on a search for Passepartout, believing that he may have arrived there on the original boat. They find him in a circus, trying to earn the fare for his homeward journey. Reunited, the four board a steamer taking them across the Pacific to San Francisco. Fix promises Passepartout that now, having left British soil, he will no longer try to delay Fogg's journey, but rather support him in getting back to Britain as fast as possible (to have him arrested there).
  
  In San Francisco they get on a trans-American train to New York, encountering a number of obstacles along the way: a massive herd of bison crossing the tracks, a failing suspension bridge, and most disastrously, the train is attacked and overcome by Sioux Indians. After heroically uncoupling the locomotive from the carriages, Passepartout is kidnapped by the Indians, but Fogg rescues him after some soldiers volunteer to help. They continue by a wind-powered sledge over the snowy prairie to Omaha, where they get a train to New York.
  
  Once in New York, and having missed departure of their ship (the China) by 35 minutes, Fogg starts looking for an alternative for the crossing of the Atlantic Ocean. He finds a small steamboat, destined for Bordeaux. However, the captain of the boat refuses to take the company to Liverpool, whereupon Fogg consents to be taken to Bordeaux for the price of $2000 per passenger. On the voyage, he bribes the crew to mutiny and take course for Liverpool. Against hurricane winds and going on full steam all the time, the boat runs out of fuel after a few days. Fogg buys the boat at a very high price from the captain, soothing him thereby, and has the crew burn all the wooden parts to keep up the steam.
  
  The companions arrive at Queenstown, Ireland, in time to reach London via Dublin and Liverpool before the deadline. However, once on British soil again, Fix produces a warrant and arrests Fogg. A short time later, the misunderstanding is cleared up—the actual bank robber had been caught three days earlier in Edinburgh. In response to this, Fogg, in a rare moment of impulse, punches Fix, who immediately falls to the ground. However, Fogg has missed the train and returns to London five minutes late, assured that he has lost the wager.
  
  In his London house the next day, he apologises to Aouda for bringing her with him, since he now has to live in poverty and cannot financially support her. Aouda suddenly confesses that she loves him and asks him to marry her, which he gladly accepts. He calls for Passepartout to notify the reverend. At the reverend's, Passepartout learns that he is mistaken in the date, which he takes to be Sunday but which actually is Saturday due to the fact that the party travelled east, thereby gaining a full day on their journey around the globe, by crossing the International Date Line. He did not notice this after landing in North America because the only phase of the trip that depended on vehicles departing less often than daily was the Atlantic crossing, and he had hired his own ship for that.
  
  Passepartout hurries back to Fogg, who immediately sets off for the Reform Club, where he arrives just in time to win the wager. Fogg marries Aouda and the journey around the world is complete.
  Passepartout and Fogg's Baggage
  
  Passepartout and Fogg carry only a carpet bag with only two shirts and three pairs of stockings each, a mackintosh, a travelling cloak, and a spare pair of shoes. The only book carried is Bradshaw's Continental Railway Steam Transit and General Guide. This contains timetables of trains and steamers. He also carried a huge roll of English banknotes-about twenty thousand pounds. He also left with twenty guineas won at whist, which he soon disposed of.
  Background and analysis
  
  Around the World in Eighty Days was written during difficult times, both for France and for Verne. It was during the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871) in which Verne was conscripted as a coastguard, he was having money difficulties (his previous works were not paid royalties), his father had died recently, and he had witnessed a public execution which had disturbed him. However despite all this, Verne was excited about his work on the new book, the idea of which came to him one afternoon in a Paris café while reading a newspaper (see "Origins" below).
  
  The technological innovations of the 19th century had opened the possibility of rapid circumnavigation and the prospect fascinated Verne and his readership. In particular three technological breakthroughs occurred in 1869-70 that made a tourist-like around-the-world journey possible for the first time: the completion of the First Transcontinental Railroad in America (1869), the linking of the Indian railways across the sub-continent (1870), and the opening of the Suez Canal (1869). It was another notable mark in the end of an age of exploration and the start of an age of fully global tourism that could be enjoyed in relative comfort and safety. It sparked the imagination that anyone could sit down, draw up a schedule, buy tickets and travel around the world, a feat previously reserved for only the most heroic and hardy of adventurers.
  
  Verne is often characterised as a futurist or science fiction author but there is not a glimmer of science-fiction in this, his most popular work (at least in English speaking countries). Rather than any futurism, it remains a memorable portrait of the British Empire "on which the sun never sets" shortly before its very peak, drawn by an outsider. It is also interesting to note that, as of 2006, there has never been a critical edition of Around the World in Eighty Days. This is in part due to the poor translations available of his works, the stereotype of "science fiction" or "boys' literature". However, Verne's works were being looked at more seriously in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, with new translations and scholarship appearing. It is also rather interesting to note that the book is a source of common notable English and extended British attitudes in quotes such as, "Phileas Fogg and Sir Francis Cromarty ... endured the discomfort with true British phlegm, talking little, and scarcely able to catch a glimpse of each other" as seen in Chapter Twelve when the group is being jostled around on the elephant ride across the jungle. Also seen in chapter Twenty-Five, when Phileas Fogg is insulted in San Francisco, and Detective Fix acknowledges that "It was clear that Mr. Fogg was one of those Englishmen who, while they do not tolerate dueling at home, fight abroad when their honor is attacked."
  
  It is interesting to note that The China's departure from New York on the day of Fogg's arrival there constitutes a minor flaw in Verne's logic, because Fogg had already crossed the Pacific without accounting for the International Date Line so his entire journey across North America was apparently conducted with an erroneous belief about the date and day of the week. Had The China sailed in agreement with the published steamer schedule used by Fogg, it would have departed a day later than Fogg expected, and he would have been able to catch it in spite of arriving what he thought was a few minutes late.
  
  The closing date of the novel, 22 December 1872, was also the same date as the serial publication. As it was being published serially for the first time, some readers believed that the journey was actually taking place — bets were placed, and some railway companies and ship liner companies actually lobbied Verne to appear in the book. It is unknown if Verne actually submitted to their requests, but the descriptions of some rail and shipping lines leave some suspicion he was influenced.
  
  Although a journey by hot air balloon has become one of the images most strongly associated with the story, this iconic symbol was never deployed in the book by Verne himself – the idea is briefly brought up in chapter 32, but dismissed, it "would have been highly risky and, in any case, impossible." However the popular 1956 movie adaptation Around the World in Eighty Days floated the balloon idea, and it has now become a part of the mythology of the story, even appearing on book covers. This plot element is reminiscent of Verne's earlier Five Weeks in a Balloon which first made him a well-known author.
  
  Following Towle and d'Anver's 1873 English translation, many people have tried to follow in the footsteps of Fogg's fictional circumnavigation, often within self-imposed constraints:
  
   * 1889 – Nellie Bly undertook to travel around the world in 80 days for her newspaper, the New York World. She managed to do the journey within 72 days. Her book about the trip, Around the World in Seventy-Two Days, became a best seller.
   * 1903 – James Willis Sayre, a Seattle theatre critic and arts promoter, set the world record for circling the earth using public transportation exclusively, completing his trip in 54 days, 9 hours, and 42 minutes.
   * 1908 – Harry Bensley, on a wager, set out to circumnavigate the world on foot wearing an iron mask.
   * 1984 - Nicholas Coleridge emulated Fogg's trip and wrote a book entitled Around the World in 78 Days about his experience.
   * 1988 – Monty Python alumnus Michael Palin took a similar challenge without using aircraft as a part of a television travelogue, called Michael Palin: Around the World in 80 Days. He completed the journey in 79 days and 7 hours.
   * 1993–present – The Jules Verne Trophy is held by the boat that sails around the world without stopping, and with no outside assistance in the shortest time.
   * 2009 - in Around the World in 80 Days twelve celebrities performed a relay version of the journey for the BBC Children In Need charity appeal. This featured a carpet bag.
  
  Origins
  
  The idea of a trip around the world within a set period had clear external origins and was popular before Verne published his book in 1872. Even the title Around the World in Eighty Days is not original to Verne. About six sources have been suggested as the origins of the story:
  
  Greek traveller Pausanias (c. 100 AD) wrote a work that was translated into French in 1797 as Voyage autour du monde ("Around the World"). Verne's friend, Jacques Arago, had written a very popular Voyage autour du monde in 1853. However in 1869/70 the idea of travelling around the world reached critical popular attention when three geographical breakthroughs occurred: the completion of the First Transcontinental Railroad in America (1869), the linking of the Indian railways across the sub-continent (1870), and the opening of the Suez Canal (1869). In 1871 appeared Around the World by Steam, via Pacific Railway, published by the Union Pacific Railroad Company, and an Around the World in A Hundred and Twenty Days by Edmond Planchut. Between 1869 and 1871, an American William Perry Fogg went around the world describing his tour in a series of letters to the Cleveland Leader, titled Round the World: Letters from Japan, China, India, and Egypt (1872). Additionally, in early 1870, the Erie Railway Company published a statement of routes, times, and distances detailing a trip around the globe of 23,739 miles in seventy-seven days and twenty-one hours.
  
  In 1872 Thomas Cook organised the first around the world tourist trip, leaving on 20 September 1872 and returning seven months later. The journey was described in a series of letters that were later published in 1873 as Letter from the Sea and from Foreign Lands, Descriptive of a tour Round the World. Scholars have pointed out similarities between Verne's account and Cook's letters, although some argue that Cook's trip happened too late to influence Verne. Verne, according to a second-hand 1898 account, refers to a Thomas Cook advertisement as a source for the idea of his book. In interviews in 1894 and 1904, Verne says the source was "through reading one day in a Paris cafe" and "due merely to a tourist advertisement seen by chance in the columns of a newspaper.” Around the World itself says the origins were a newspaper article. All of these point to Cook's advert as being a probable spark for the idea of the book.
  
  Further, the periodical Le Tour du monde (3 October 1869) contained a short piece entitled "Around the World in Eighty Days", which refers to "140 miles" of railway not yet completed between Allahabad and Bombay, a central point in Verne's work. But even the Le Tour de monde article was not entirely original; it cites in its bibliography the Nouvelles Annales des Voyages, de la Géographie, de l'Histoire et de l'Archéologie (August, 1869), which also contains the title Around the World in Eighty Days in its contents page. The Nouvelles Annales were written by Conrad Malte-Brun (1775—1826) and his son Victor Adolphe Malte-Brun (1816—1889). Scholars believe Verne was aware of either the Le Tour de monde article, or the Nouvelles Annales (or both), and consulted it — the 'Le Tour du monde even included a trip schedule very similar to Verne's final version.
  
  A possible inspiration was the traveller George Francis Train, who made four trips around the world, including one in 80 days in 1870. Similarities include the hiring of a private train and his being imprisoned. Train later claimed "Verne stole my thunder. I'm Phileas Fogg."
  
  Regarding the idea of gaining a day, Verne said of its origin: "I have a great number of scientific odds and ends in my head. It was thus that, when, one day in a Paris café, I read in the Siècle that a man could travel around the world in eighty days, it immediately struck me that I could profit by a difference of meridian and make my traveller gain or lose a day in his journey. There was a dénouement ready found. The story was not written until long after. I carry ideas about in my head for years – ten, or fifteen years, sometimes – before giving them form." In his lecture of April 1873 "The Meridians and the Calendar", Verne responded to a question about where the change of day actually occurred, since the international date line had only become current in 1880 and the Greenwich prime meridian was not adopted internationally until 1884. Verne cited an 1872 article in Nature, and Edgar Allan Poe's short story "Three Sundays in a Week" (1841), which was also based on going around the world and the difference in a day linked to a marriage at the end. Verne even analysed Poe's story in his Edgar Poe and His Works (1864).
  
  In summary either the periodical 'Le Tour du monde or the Nouvelles Annales, W. P. Fogg, probably Thomas Cook's advert (and maybe his letters) would be the main likely source for the book. In addition, Poe's short story "Three Sundays in a Week" was clearly the inspiration for the lost day plot device.
  Literary significance and criticism
  
  Select quotes:
  
   1. "We will only remind readers en passant of Around the World in Eighty Days, that tour de force of Mr Verne's—and not the first he has produced. Here, however, he has summarised and concentrated himself, so to speak ... No praise of his collected works is strong enough .. they are truly useful, entertaining, poignant, and moral; and Europe and America have merely produced rivals that are remarkably similar to them, but in any case inferior." (Henry Trianon, Le Constitutionnel, December 20, 1873).
   2. "His first books, the shortest, Around the World or From the Earth to the Moon, are still the best in my view. However, the works should be judged as a whole rather than in detail, and on their results rather than their intrinsic quality. Over the last forty years, they have had an influence unequalled by any other books on the children of this and every country in Europe. And the influence has been good, in so far as can be judged today." (Léon Blum, L'Humanité, April 3, 1905).
   3. "Jules Verne's masterpiece .. stimulated our childhood and taught us more than all the atlases: the taste of adventure and the love of travel. 'Thirty thousand banknotes for you, Captain, if we reach Liverpool within the hour.' This cry of Phileas Fogg's remains for me the call of the sea." (Jean Cocteau, Mon premier voyage (Tour du monde en 80 jours), Gallimard, 1936).
   4. "Leo Tolstoy loved his works. 'Jules Verne's novels are matchless', he would say. 'I read them as an adult, and yet I remember they excited me. Jules Verne is an astonishing past master at the art of constructing a story that fascinates and impassions the reader. (Cyril Andreyev, "Preface to the Complete Works", trans. François Hirsch, Europe, 33: 112-113, 22-48).
   5. "Jules Verne's work is nothing but a long meditation, a reverie on the straight line—which represents the predication of nature on industry and industry on nature, and which is recounted as a tale of exploration. Title: the adventures of a straight line ... The train.. cleaves through nature, jumps obstacles .. and continues both the actual journey—whose form is a furrow—and the perfect embodiment of human industry. The machine has the additional advantage here of not being isolated in a purpose-built, artificial place, like the factory or all similar structures, but of remaining in permanent and direct contact with the variety of nature." Pierre Macherey (1966).
  
  Adaptations and influences
  
  The book has been adapted many times in different forms.
  Theatre
  
   * A 1874 play written by Jules Verne and Adolphe d'Ennery at the Théâtre de la Porte Saint-Martin in Paris, where it was shown 415 times.
   * In 1946 Orson Welles produced and starred in Around the World, a musical stage version, with music and lyrics by Cole Porter, that was only loosely faithful to Verne's original.
   * A musical version, 80 Days, with songs by Ray Davies of The Kinks and a book by playwright Snoo Wilson, directed by Des McAnuff, ran at the Mandell Weiss Theatre in San Diego from August 23 to October 9, 1988. The musical received mixed responses from the critics. Ray Davies's multi-faceted music, McAnuff's directing, and the acting, however, were well received, with the show winning the "Best Musical" award from the San Diego Theatre Critics Circle.
   * In 2001, the story was adapted for the stage by American playwright Mark Brown. In what has been described as "a wildly wacky, unbelievably creative, 90-miles-an-hour, hilarious journey" this award winning stage adaptation is written for five actors who portray thirty-nine characters.
   * A stage musical adaptation premiered at the Fulton Opera House, Lancaster, PA in March 2007 with music by Ron Barnett, book and lyrics by Julianne Homokay, and direction by Robin McKercher.
  
  Films
  
   * A 1919 silent black and white parody by director Richard Oswald didn't disguise its use of locations in Germany as placeholders for the international voyage; part of the movie's joke is that Fogg's trip is obviously going to places in and around Berlin. There are no remaining copies of the film available today.
   * The best known version was released in 1956, with David Niven and Cantinflas heading a huge cast. Many famous performers play bit parts, and part of the pleasure in this movie is playing "spot the star". The movie earned five Oscars, out of eight nominations. This film was also responsible for the popular misconception that Fogg and company travel by balloon for part of the trip in the novel, which has prompted later adaptations to include similar sequences. See Around the World in Eighty Days (1956 film) for details.
   * 1963 saw the release of The Three Stooges Go Around the World in a Daze. In this parody, the Three Stooges (Moe Howard, Larry Fine, and Joe DeRita) are cast as the menservants of Phileas Fogg III (Jay Sheffield), great-grandson of the original around-the-world voyager. When Phileas Fogg III is tricked into replicating his ancestor's feat of circumnavigation, Larry, Moe, and Curly-Joe dutifully accompany their master. Along the way, the boys get into and out of trouble in typical Stooge fashion.
   * In 1983 the basic idea was expanded to a galactic scope in Japan's Ginga Shippu Sasuraiger, where a team of adventurers travel through the galaxy in a train-like ship that can transform into a giant robot. The characters are travelling to different planets in order to return within a certain period and win a bet.
   * The story was again adapted for the screen in the 2004 film Around the World in 80 Days, starring Jackie Chan as Passepartout and Steve Coogan as Fogg. This version makes Passepartout the hero and the thief of the treasure of the Bank; Fogg's character is an eccentric inventor who bets a rival scientist that he can travel the world with (then) modern means of transportation.
  
  TV
  
   * An episode of the American television series, Have Gun – Will Travel, entitled "Fogg Bound", had the series' hero, Palladin (Richard Boone), escorting Phileas Fogg (Patric Knowles) through part of his journey. This episode was broadcasted by CBS on December 3, 1960.
  
   * A 1989 three-part TV mini-series starred Pierce Brosnan as Fogg, Eric Idle as Passepartout, Peter Ustinov as Fix and several TV stars in cameo roles. The heroes travel a slightly different route than in the book and the script makes several contemporary celebrities part of the story who were not mentioned in the book. See Around the World in 80 Days (TV miniseries) for details.
  
   * The BBC along with Michael Palin (of Monty Python fame) created a 1989 television travel series following the book's path. It was one of many travelogues Michael Palin has done with the BBC and was a commercially successful transition from his comedic career. The latest series in a similar format was Michael Palin's New Europe in 2007.
  
   * Around the World in 80 Days, a six part 2009 BBC One show in which twelve celebrities attempt to travel the world in aid of the Children in Need appeal. This featured a carpet bag similar to one carried by Fogg and Passeportout.
  
  Animation
  
   * An Indian Fantasy Story is an unfinished French/English co-production from 1938, featuring the wager at the Reform Club and the rescue of the Indian Princess. It was never completed as a full feature film.
   * Around the World in 79 Days, a serial segment on the Hanna-Barbera show The Cattanooga Cats from 1969 to 1971.
   * Around the World in 80 Days from 1972 by American studio Rankin/Bass with Japanese Mushi productions as part of the Festival of Family Classics series.
   * A one-season cartoon series Around the World in 80 Days from 1972 by Australian Air Programs International. NBC aired the series in the US during the 1972-73 season on Saturday mornings.
   * Puss 'N Boots Travels Around the World, a 1976 anime from Toei Animation
   * A Walt Disney adaptation was produced in 1986. It featured Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck and Goofy as the main characters.
   * Around the World with Willy Fog by Spanish studio BRB Internacional from 1981 with a second season produced in 1993. This series depicts the characters as talking animals, and, despite adding some new characters and making some superficial modifications to the original story, it remains one of the most accurate adaptations of the book made for film or television. The show has gained a cult following in Finland, Britain, Germany and Spain. The first season is "Around the World in 80 Days", and the second season is "Journey to the Centre of the Earth" and "Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea"; all three books are by Jules Verne.
   * Tweety's High-Flying Adventure is a direct-to-video cartoon by Warner Brothers from 2000 starring the Looney Tunes characters. It takes a great many liberties with the original story, but the central idea is still there - indeed, one of the songs in this film is entitled Around the World in Eighty Days. Tweety not only had to travel the world, he had to also collect 80 cat pawprints, all while evading the constant pursuits of Slyvester. This movie frequently appears on various US-based cable TV networks.
   * "Around the World in 80 Narfs" is a Pinky and the Brain episode where the Brain claims to be able to make the travel in less than 80 days and the Pompous Explorers club agrees to make him their new president. With this, the Brain expects to be UK's new Prime Minister, what he considers back at that time, the fastest way to take over the world.
   * A Mickey Mouse episode shows the effort of Mickey to get around the world in 80 days with the help of Goofy. The cartoon made reference to the ending of the novel. They realise they have a day extra by hearing church bells on what they believe to be a Monday. This referenced the ending with the vicar in the church.
  
  Exhibitions
  
   * "Around the World in 80 Days", group show curated by Jens Hoffman at the ICA London 2006
  
  Cultural references
  
   * "Around the Universe in 80 Days" is a song by the Canadian band Klaatu, and makes reference to a spaceship travelling around the galaxy, coming home to find the Earth second from the Sun. It was originally included on the 1977 album "Hope", but also appears on at least two compilations.
   * There are at least four board games by this name.
   * Worlds of Fun, an amusement park in Kansas City, Missouri, was conceived using the novel as its theme. It uses the hot air balloon in its logo, and the park's layout is based on world geography.
  
  Argentinian avant-garde writer Julio Cortazar wrote in 1967 his book titled Around the Day in Eighty Worlds.
第一章 斐利亞·福剋和路路通建立主僕關係
  1872年,白林敦花園坊賽微樂街七號(西銳登在1816年就死在這聽住宅裏),住着一位斐利亞·福剋先生,這位福剋先生似乎從來不做什麽顯以引人註目的事,可是他仍然是倫敦改良俱樂部裏最特別、最引人註意的一個會員。
   西銳登是一位為英國增光的偉大的演說傢,繼承他這聽房子的福剋先生卻是一位令人捉摸不透的人物。關於福剋先生的底細,人們衹知道他是一位豪爽君子,一位英國上流社會裏的紳士,其他就一點也不清楚了。
   有人說他象拜倫——就是頭象,至於腳可不象:他的腳並沒有毛病,不過他的兩頰和嘴上比拜倫多一點鬍子,性情也比拜倫溫和,就是活一千歲他大概也不會變樣。
   福剋確實是個道地的英國人,但也許不是倫敦人。你在交易所裏從來看不到他,銀行裏也見不着他,找遍倫敦商業區的任何一傢商行也碰不上他。不論在倫敦的哪個港口,或是在倫敦的什麽碼頭,從未停泊過船主名叫福剋的船衹。這位紳士也沒有出席過任何一個行政管理委員會。不論在律師公會中,不論在倫敦四法學會的中院、內院、林肯院、或是格雷院,都從未聽到過他的名字。此外,他從來也沒有在官法庭、女皇御前審判廳、財政審計法院、教會法院這些地方打過官司。他既不開辦工廠,也不經營、農業;他既不是搞說合的掮客,又不是做買賣的商人。他既未加入英國皇傢學會,也未參加倫敦學會;既不是手工業者協會的成員,也不是羅素氏學會的會員;西方文學會裏沒有他的位置,法律學會裏也沒有他的名字;至於那仁慈的女皇陛下直接垂顧的科學藝術聯合會眼他也毫無瓜葛。在英國的首都,自亞摩尼卡學會一直到以消滅害蟲為宗旨的昆蟲學會,有着許許多多這樣大大小小的社會團體,而福剋先生卻不是其中任何一個團日體的成員。
   福剋先生就衹是改良俱樂部的會員,瞧,和盤托出,僅此而已。如果有人以為象福剋這樣古怪的人,居然也能參加象改良俱樂部這樣光榮的團體,因而感到驚訝的話,人們就會告訴他:福剋是經巴林氏兄弟的介紹纔被接納入會的。他在巴林兄弟銀行存了一筆款子,因而獲得了信譽,因為他的賬面上永遠有存款,他開的支票照例總是“憑票即付”。
   這位福剋先生是個財主嗎?毫無疑問,當然是的。可是他的財産是怎樣來的呢?這件事就連消息最靈通的人也說不出個究竟,衹有福剋先生自己最清楚,要打聽這件事,最好是問他本人。福剋先生從來不揮霍浪費,但也不小氣吝嗇。無論什麽地方,有什麽公益或慈善事業缺少經費,他總是不聲不響地拿出錢來,甚至捐了錢,還不讓人知道自己的姓名。
   總而言之,再也沒有比這位紳士更不愛與人交往的了。他盡可能少說話,似乎由於沉默寡言的緣故,他的性格越顯得稀奇古怪,然而他的生活是很有規律的,一舉一動總是那樣準確而有規律,老是一個樣子。這就更加引起人們對他産生了奇怪的猜測和想象。
   他曾出門旅行過嗎?這也很可能。因為在世界地理方面,誰也沒有他的知識淵博,不管什麽偏僻地方,他似乎都非常熟悉,有時他用簡單明了的幾句話,就澄清了俱樂部中流傳的有關某某旅行傢失蹤或迷路的衆說紛壇的流言。他指出這些事件的真正可能性,他好象具有一種千裏透視的天資,事情的最後結果,一般總是證實了他的見解都是正確的。這個人理應是個到處都去過的人——至少在精神上他是到處都去過的。
   不管怎樣,有一件事卻是十分肯定的:多年以來,福剋先生就沒有離開過倫敦。那些比別人對他瞭解得稍微多一些的人也可以證明:除了看見他每天經過那條筆直的馬路從傢裏到俱樂部去以外,沒有人能說在任何其他地方曾經看見過他。
   他唯一的消遣就是看報和玩“惠司脫”,這種安靜的娛樂最合於他的天性。他常常贏錢,但贏來的錢决不塞入自己的腰包。這筆錢在他做慈善事業的支出預算中,占一個重要部分,此外還必須特別提出,這位紳士顯然是為娛樂而打牌,並不是為了贏錢。對他來說,打牌可以說是一場比武,是一場對睏難的角力:但這種角力用不着大活動,也用不着移動腳步,又不會引起疲勞。這完全適合於他的性格。
   人們都知道福剋先生沒有妻子兒女(這種情況,對過分老實的人說來是可能的),也沒有親戚朋友(這種情況,事實上是極其少見的)。福剋先生就是獨自一個人生活在賽微樂街的寓所裏,從來也沒有看到有人來拜訪他。關於他在傢裏的私生活,從來也沒有人談起過。他傢裏衹用一個僕人。他午餐晚餐都在俱樂部裏吃,他按時吃飯,就象鐘錶一般精確。他用餐的地方,老是在一個固定的餐廳裏,甚至老是坐在一個固定的桌位上。他從沒請過會友,也沒招待過一個外客。晚上十二點正,他就回傢睡覺,從沒住過改良俱樂部為會員準備的舒適的臥室。一天二十四小時,他待在傢裏有十小時,要麽就是睡覺,要麽就是梳洗。他在俱樂部即便活動活動,也準是在那鋪着鑲花地板的過廳裏,或是回廊上踱踱方步。這走廊上部裝着藍花玻璃的拱頂,下面撐着二十根紅雲斑石的希臘愛奧尼式的圓柱子。不論是晚餐午餐,俱樂部的廚房、菜餚貯藏櫃、食品供應處、鮮魚供應處和牛奶房總要給他送來味道鮮美、營養豐富的食品;那些身穿黑禮服、腳登厚絨軟底鞋、態度莊重的侍者,總要給他端上一套別緻的器皿,放在薩剋斯出産的花紋漂亮的桌布上;俱樂部保存的那些式樣古樸的水晶杯,也總要為他裝滿西班牙白葡萄酒、葡萄牙紅葡萄酒或是摻着香桂皮、香蕨和肉桂的粉紅葡萄酒;為了保持飲料清涼可口,最後還給他送來俱樂部花了很大費用從美洲的湖泊裏運來的冰塊。
   如果過這樣生活的人就算是古怪,那也應該承認:這種古怪卻也自有它的樂趣。
   賽微樂街的住宅並不富麗堂皇,但卻十分舒適。因為主人的生活習慣永遠沒有變化,所以需要傭人做的事也就不多。但是福剋先生要求他僅有的一個僕人在日常工作中一定要按部就斑,準確而又有規律。就在10月2日那一天,福剋先生辭退了他的僕人詹姆斯·伏斯特,他被辭退的原因僅僅是:他本來應該替主人送來華氏八十六度剃鬍子用的熱水,但他送來的卻是華氏八十四度的熱水。現在伏斯特正在等候來接替他的新僕人。這人應該十一點到十一點半之間來。
   福剋先生四平八穩地坐在安樂椅上,雙腳並攏得象受檢閱的士兵一樣,兩手按在膝蓋上,挺着身子,昂着腦袋,全神貫註地看着挂鐘指針在移動——這衹挂鐘是一種計時,計分,計秒,計日,計星期,計月,又計年的復雜機器。按照他每天的習慣,鐘一敲十一點半,他就離傢到改良俱樂部去。
   就在這時候,福剋先生在小客廳裏聽到外面有人敲門。
   被辭退的那個詹姆斯·伏斯特走了進來。
   “新傭人來了。”他說。
   一個三十來歲的小夥子走了進來,嚮福剋先生行了個禮。
   “你是法國人嗎?你叫約翰嗎?”福剋先生問。
   “我叫若望,假使老爺不反對的話,”新來的僕人回答說,“路路通是我的外號。憑這個名字,可以說明我天生就有精於辦事的能耐。先生,我自信還是個誠實人,但是說實在話我幹過很多種行業了。我作過闖江湖的歌手,當過馬戲班的演員,我能象雷奧達一樣在懸空的鞦韆架上飛騰,我能象布竜丹一樣在繩索上跳舞;後來,為了使我的才能更發揮作用,我又當過體育教練。最後,我在巴黎作班長,在這一段經歷中,我還救過幾場驚險的火災呢。可是,到現在我離開法國已經五年了。因為我想嘗嘗當管傢的生活滋味,所以纔在英國當親隨傭人。如今我沒有工作,知道您福剋先生是聯合王國裏最講究準確、最愛安靜的人,所以就上您這兒來了,希望能在您府上安安靜靜地吃碗安穩飯,希望能忘記以往的一切,連我這個名字路路通也忘……”
   “路路通這個名字倒滿合我的口味,”主人回答說,“別人已經嚮我介紹過你的情況。我知道你有很多優點。你可知道在我這裏工作的條件嗎?”
   “知道,先生。”
   “那就好,現在你的表幾點?”
   路路通伸手從褲腰上的表口袋裏掏出一隻大銀表,回答說:
   “十一點二十二分。”
   “你的表慢了,”福剋先生說。
   “請您別見怪,先生,我的表是不會慢的。”
   “你的表慢了四分鐘。不過不要緊,你衹要記住所差的時間就行了。好吧,從現在算起,1872年10月2號星期三上午十一時二十九分開始,你就是我的傭人了。”
   說罷,福剋先生站起身來,左手拿起帽子,用一種機械的動作把帽子往頭上一戴,一聲不響地就走了。
   路路通聽到大門頭一回關起來的聲音:這是他的新主人出去了。不一會兒,又聽見大門第二回關起來的聲音:這是原先的僕人詹姆斯·伏斯特出去了。
   現在賽微樂街的寓所裏衹剩下路路通一個人了。


  IN WHICH PHILEAS FOGG AND PASSEPARTOUT ACCEPT EACH OTHER, THE ONE AS MASTER, THE OTHER AS MAN
   Mr. Phileas Fogg lived, in 1872, at No. 7, Saville Row, Burlington Gardens, the house in which Sheridan died in 1814. He was one of the most noticeable members of the Reform Club, though he seemed always to avoid attracting attention; an enigmatical personage, about whom little was known, except that he was a polished man of the world. People said that he resembled Byron--at least that his head was Byronic; but he was a bearded, tranquil Byron, who might live on a thousand years without growing old.
   Certainly an Englishman, it was more doubtful whether Phileas Fogg was a Londoner. He was never seen on 'Change, nor at the Bank, nor in the counting-rooms of the "City"; no ships ever came into London docks of which he was the owner; he had no public employment; he had never been entered at any of the Inns of Court, either at the Temple, or Lincoln's Inn, or Gray's Inn; nor had his voice ever resounded in the Court of Chancery, or in the Exchequer, or the Queen's Bench, or the Ecclesiastical Courts. He certainly was not a manufacturer; nor was he a merchant or a gentleman farmer. His name was strange to the scientific and learned societies, and he never was known to take part in the sage deliberations of the Royal Institution or the London Institution, the Artisan's Association, or the Institution of Arts and Sciences. He belonged, in fact, to none of the numerous societies which swarm in the English capital, from the Harmonic to that of the Entomologists, founded mainly for the purpose of abolishing pernicious insects.
   Phileas Fogg was a member of the Reform, and that was all.
   The way in which he got admission to this exclusive club was simple enough.
   He was recommended by the Barings, with whom he had an open credit. His cheques were regularly paid at sight from his account current, which was always flush.
   Was Phileas Fogg rich? Undoubtedly. But those who knew him best could not imagine how he had made his fortune, and Mr. Fogg was the last person to whom to apply for the information. He was not lavish, nor, on the contrary, avaricious; for, whenever he knew that money was needed for a noble, useful, or benevolent purpose, he supplied it quietly and sometimes anonymously. He was, in short, the least communicative of men. He talked very little, and seemed all the more mysterious for his taciturn manner. His daily habits were quite open to observation; but whatever he did was so exactly the same thing that he had always done before, that the wits of the curious were fairly puzzled.
   Had he travelled? It was likely, for no one seemed to know the world more familiarly; there was no spot so secluded that he did not appear to have an intimate acquaintance with it. He often corrected, with a few clear words, the thousand conjectures advanced by members of the club as to lost and unheard-of travellers, pointing out the true probabilities, and seeming as if gifted with a sort of second sight, so often did events justify his predictions. He must have travelled everywhere, at least in the spirit.
   It was at least certain that Phileas Fogg had not absented himself from London for many years. Those who were honoured by a better acquaintance with him than the rest, declared that nobody could pretend to have ever seen him anywhere else. His sole pastimes were reading the papers and playing whist. He often won at this game, which, as a silent one, harmonised with his nature; but his winnings never went into his purse, being reserved as a fund for his charities. Mr. Fogg played, not to win, but for the sake of playing. The game was in his eyes a contest, a struggle with a difficulty, yet a motionless, unwearying struggle, congenial to his tastes.
   Phileas Fogg was not known to have either wife or children, which may happen to the most honest people; either relatives or near friends, which is certainly more unusual. He lived alone in his house in Saville Row, whither none penetrated. A single domestic sufficed to serve him. He breakfasted and dined at the club, at hours mathematically fixed, in the same room, at the same table, never taking his meals with other members, much less bringing a guest with him; and went home at exactly midnight, only to retire at once to bed. He never used the cosy chambers which the Reform provides for its favoured members. He passed ten hours out of the twenty-four in Saville Row, either in sleeping or making his toilet. When he chose to take a walk it was with a regular step in the entrance hall with its mosaic flooring, or in the circular gallery with its dome supported by twenty red porphyry Ionic columns, and illumined by blue painted windows. When he breakfasted or dined all the resources of the club--its kitchens and pantries, its buttery and dairy--aided to crowd his table with their most succulent stores; he was served by the gravest waiters, in dress coats, and shoes with swan-skin soles, who proffered the viands in special porcelain, and on the finest linen; club decanters, of a lost mould, contained his sherry, his port, and his cinnamon-spiced claret; while his beverages were refreshingly cooled with ice, brought at great cost from the American lakes.
   If to live in this style is to be eccentric, it must be confessed that there is something good in eccentricity.
   The mansion in Saville Row, though not sumptuous, was exceedingly comfortable. The habits of its occupant were such as to demand but little from the sole domestic, but Phileas Fogg required him to be almost superhumanly prompt and regular. On this very 2nd of October he had dismissed James Forster, because that luckless youth had brought him shaving-water at eighty-four degrees Fahrenheit instead of eighty-six; and he was awaiting his successor, who was due at the house between eleven and half-past.
   Phileas Fogg was seated squarely in his armchair, his feet close together like those of a grenadier on parade, his hands resting on his knees, his body straight, his head erect; he was steadily watching a complicated clock which indicated the hours, the minutes, the seconds, the days, the months, and the years. At exactly half-past eleven Mr. Fogg would, according to his daily habit, quit Saville Row, and repair to the Reform.
   A rap at this moment sounded on the door of the cosy apartment where Phileas Fogg was seated, and James Forster, the dismissed servant, appeared.
   "The new servant," said he.
   A young man of thirty advanced and bowed.
   "You are a Frenchman, I believe," asked Phileas Fogg, "and your name is John?"
   "Jean, if monsieur pleases," replied the newcomer, "Jean Passepartout, a surname which has clung to me because I have a natural aptness for going out of one business into another. I believe I'm honest, monsieur, but, to be outspoken, I've had several trades. I've been an itinerant singer, a circus-rider, when I used to vault like Leotard, and dance on a rope like Blondin. Then I got to be a professor of gymnastics, so as to make better use of my talents; and then I was a sergeant fireman at Paris, and assisted at many a big fire. But I quitted France five years ago, and, wishing to taste the sweets of domestic life, took service as a valet here in England. Finding myself out of place, and hearing that Monsieur Phileas Fogg was the most exact and settled gentleman in the United Kingdom, I have come to monsieur in the hope of living with him a tranquil life, and forgetting even the name of Passepartout."
   "Passepartout suits me," responded Mr. Fogg. "You are well recommended to me; I hear a good report of you. You know my conditions?"
   "Yes, monsieur."
   "Good! What time is it?"
   "Twenty-two minutes after eleven," returned Passepartout, drawing an enormous silver watch from the depths of his pocket.
   "You are too slow," said Mr. Fogg.
   "Pardon me, monsieur, it is impossible--"
   "You are four minutes too slow. No matter; it's enough to mention the error. Now from this moment, twenty-nine minutes after eleven, a.m., this Wednesday, 2nd October, you are in my service."
   Phileas Fogg got up, took his hat in his left hand, put it on his head with an automatic motion, and went off without a word.
   Passepartout heard the street door shut once; it was his new master going out. He heard it shut again; it was his predecessor, James Forster, departing in his turn. Passepartout remained alone in the house in Saville Row.
第二章 路路通認為他總算找到了理想的工作
  路路通開始覺得有點兒奇怪,自言自語地說:“說真的,我在杜叟太太傢裏看見的那些‘好好先生’跟我現在的這位主人簡直沒有一點差別!”
   這兒應該交代一下:杜叟太太傢裏的那些“好好先生”是用蠟做的,在倫敦經常有很多人去欣賞。這種蠟人做得活象真的,就衹差會說話罷了。
   路路通在剛纔和福剋先生見面的短短幾分鐘裏,就已經把他這位未來的主人又快又仔細地觀察了一番。看來這人該有四十上下,面容清秀而端莊,高高的個兒雖然略微有點胖,但是並不因此損及他翩翩的風采。金褐色的頭髮和鬍須,光溜平滑的前額,連太陽穴上也看不到一條皺紋。面色淨白,並不紅潤,一口牙齒,整齊美觀。他的個人修養顯然很高,已經達到了如相士們所說的“雖動猶靜”的地步。凡是“多做事,少扯淡”的人所具有的特點他都有。安詳,冷靜,眼皮一眨不眨,眼珠明亮有神,簡直是那種冷靜的英國人最標準的典型。這種人在聯合王國裏是司空見慣的。昂·高夫曼的妙筆,常把他們畫成多少帶點學究氣的人物。從福剋先生日常生活看來,人們有一種印象,覺得這位紳士的一舉一動都是不輕不重,不偏不倚,恰如其分,簡直象李羅阿或是伊恩蕭的精密測時計一樣準確。事實上,福剋本人就是個準確性的化身,這一點從他兩衹手和兩衹腳的動作上就可以很清楚地看出來。因為人類的四肢,和其他動物的四肢一樣,本身就是表達感情的器官。
   福剋先生是這樣的一種人,生活按部就班,行動精密準確,從來不慌不忙,凡事總有準備,甚至連邁幾步,動幾動,都有一定的節制。福剋先生從不多走一步路,走道總是抄最近的走。他决不無故地朝天花板看一眼,也不無故地做一個手勢,他從來沒有激動過,也從來沒有苦惱過。他是世界上最不性急的人,但也從來沒有因遲到而誤過事。至於他生活孤獨,甚至可以說與世隔絶,這一點,人們是會理解的。他覺得在生活中總要和別人交往,總會發生爭執,這就會耽誤事,因此,他從不與人交往,從不與人爭執。
   提起若望,他又叫路路通,是個土生土長的道地的巴黎人。他在英國待了五年,一直在倫敦給人當親隨傭人。但他始終沒有找到過一個合適的主人。
   路路通絲毫不是福竜丹、馬斯加裏勒那一流的人。他們衹不過是些聳肩昂首、目空一切、裝腔作勢、瞪眼無情的下流痞子罷了,而路路通卻不是那種人,他是個很正派的大小夥子,他的相貌很討人喜歡。他的嘴唇稍微翹起,看來象是準備要嘗嘗什麽東西,親親什麽人似的。長在他雙肩上的這個圓圓的腦袋使人們有一種和藹可親的感覺,他真是個殷勤而又溫和的人。在他那紅光滿面的臉膛上有一雙碧藍色的眼晴。他的臉相當胖,胖得自己都能看到自己的顴骨。他身軀魁梧,肩寬腰圓,肌肉結實,而且力大非凡。他所以有這樣健壯的體格,都是他青年時代鍛煉的結果,他那棕色的頭髮總是亂蓬蓬的,如果說古代雕塑傢懂得密涅瓦十八種處理頭髮的技藝,那麽路路通卻衹懂得一種:拿起粗齒梳子,刷,刷,刷!三下,就完事大吉。
   不管是誰衹要稍微考慮一下,都不會說這小夥子嘻嘻哈哈大大咧咧的性格會跟福剋的脾氣合得來。他是否有象主人所要求的那樣百分之百的準確性呢?這衹有到使喚他的時候才能看得出來。人們知道,路路通青年時代曾經歷過一段東奔西走的流浪生活,現在他很希望穩定下來,好休息休息。他聽到人傢誇奬英國人有條有理一絲不苟的作風和典型的冷靜的紳士氣派,於是就跑到英國來碰運氣了。可是直到目前為止,命運就是不幫他的忙,他在任何地方都紮不住根。他先後換了十傢人傢,這十傢的人都是些性情希奇,脾氣古怪,到處冒險,四海為傢的人。這對路路通說來,是不合他的口味的。他最後的一位東傢是年輕的國會議員浪斯費瑞爵士。這位爵士老爺晚上經常光顧海依市場的牡蠣酒吧,往往叫把他給背回來。路路通為了不失對主人的尊敬,曾經冒險嚮爵士老爺恭恭敬敬地提了些很有分寸的意見。可是結果爵士老爺大發雷霆,路路通就不幹了。趕巧這時候,他聽說福剋先生要找一個傭人,他打聽了一下關於這位紳士的情況,知道他的生活是十分規律化的,既不在外面住宿,又不出門旅行,連一天也沒有遠離過住宅。跟這個人當差,對路路通是太合適了。所以他就登門謁見了福剋先生,把這件差事正如我們前面所說的那樣談妥了。
   十一點半敲過,賽微樂街的住宅裏,衹剩下路路通一個人。他馬上開始把整個住宅巡視一番,從地窖到閣樓處處都跑遍了。看來這幢房子整齊、清潔、莊嚴、樸素,而且非常舒適方便。這一下子路路通可開心啦。這所房子對他來說就是個貼體舒適的蝸牛殼。但是這個蝸牛殼是用瓦斯照亮的,因為衹用瓦斯就能滿足這裏一切照明和取暖的需要了。路路通在三樓上一點沒有費事就找到了指定給他住的房子。這間房子挺合他的心意。裏頭還裝着電鈴和傳話筒,可以跟地下室和二層樓的各個屋子聯繫。壁爐上面有個電挂鐘,它跟福剋先生臥室裏的挂鐘對好了鐘點。兩個鐘準確地同時敲響,一秒鐘也不差。
   “這太好了,我這一國可稱心如意了!”路路通自言自語地說。
   他在自己的房間裏看見一張註意事項表,貼在挂鐘頂上。這是他每天工作的項目——從早上八點鐘福剋先生起床的時候開始一直到十一點半福剋先生去俱樂部吃午飯為止——所有的工作細節:八點二十三分送茶和烤面包,九點三十六分送颳鬍子的熱水,九點四十分理發……然後從上午十一點半一直到夜間十二點——這位有條不紊的紳士睡覺的時候,所有該做的事,統統都寫在上面,交代得清清楚楚。路路通高高興興地把這張工作表細細地琢磨了一番。並把各種該做的事都牢牢地記在心上。
   福剋先生的衣櫃裏面裝得滿滿的,各種服裝都有,簡直是應有盡有。每一條褲子,每一件上衣,甚至每一件背心,都標上一個按次排列的號碼。這些號碼同樣又寫在取用和收藏衣物的登記簿上。隨着季節的更替,登記簿上還註明:哪天該輪到穿哪一套衣服,就連穿什麽鞋子,也同樣有一套嚴格的規定。
   總之,賽微樂街的這所房子,在那位大名鼎鼎、放蕩不羈的西銳登住在這裏的時代,是個烏七八糟的地方,如今陳設得非常幽美,叫人一看就有輕鬆愉快的感覺。這兒沒有藏書室,甚至連書也沒有一本。這一點對福剋先生說來沒有必要,因為俱樂部裏有兩個圖書館,一個是文藝書籍圖書館,另一個是法律和書籍圖書館,都可供他隨意閱覽。在他臥室裏面,有個不大不小的保險櫃,製造得非常堅固,既能防火,又可防賊。在他住宅裏面,絶無武器,無論是打獵用的,或者是打仗用的,統統沒有。這裏的一切都標志着主人的好靜的性格。
   路路通把這所住宅仔仔細細地察看一番之後,他情不自禁地搓着雙手,寬寬的臉膛上露出洋洋得意的笑容,於是左一遍右一遍興高采烈地說:
   “這太好了,這正是我的差事,福剋先生跟我,我們倆準會合得來。他是一個不愛出去走動的人,他作事一板一眼活象一架機器!妙呀!伺候一架機器,我是沒有什麽抱怨的了。”


  IN WHICH PASSEPARTOUT IS CONVINCED THAT HE HAS AT LAST FOUND HIS IDEAL
   "Faith," muttered Passepartout, somewhat flurried, "I've seen people at Madame Tussaud's as lively as my new master!"
   Madame Tussaud's "people," let it be said, are of wax, and are much visited in London; speech is all that is wanting to make them human.
   During his brief interview with Mr. Fogg, Passepartout had been carefully observing him. He appeared to be a man about forty years of age, with fine, handsome features, and a tall, well-shaped figure; his hair and whiskers were light, his forehead compact and unwrinkled, his face rather pale, his teeth magnificent. His countenance possessed in the highest degree what physiognomists call "repose in action," a quality of those who act rather than talk. Calm and phlegmatic, with a clear eye, Mr. Fogg seemed a perfect type of that English composure which Angelica Kauffmann has so skilfully represented on canvas. Seen in the various phases of his daily life, he gave the idea of being perfectly well-balanced, as exactly regulated as a Leroy chronometer. Phileas Fogg was, indeed, exactitude personified, and this was betrayed even in the expression of his very hands and feet; for in men, as well as in animals, the limbs themselves are expressive of the passions.
   He was so exact that he was never in a hurry, was always ready, and was economical alike of his steps and his motions. He never took one step too many, and always went to his destination by the shortest cut; he made no superfluous gestures, and was never seen to be moved or agitated. He was the most deliberate person in the world, yet always reached his destination at the exact moment.
   He lived alone, and, so to speak, outside of every social relation; and as he knew that in this world account must be taken of friction, and that friction retards, he never rubbed against anybody.
   As for Passepartout, he was a true Parisian of Paris. Since he had abandoned his own country for England, taking service as a valet, he had in vain searched for a master after his own heart. Passepartout was by no means one of those pert dunces depicted by Moliere with a bold gaze and a nose held high in the air; he was an honest fellow, with a pleasant face, lips a trifle protruding, soft-mannered and serviceable, with a good round head, such as one likes to see on the shoulders of a friend. His eyes were blue, his complexion rubicund, his figure almost portly and well-built, his body muscular, and his physical powers fully developed by the exercises of his younger days. His brown hair was somewhat tumbled; for, while the ancient sculptors are said to have known eighteen methods of arranging Minerva's tresses, Passepartout was familiar with but one of dressing his own: three strokes of a large-tooth comb completed his toilet.
   It would be rash to predict how Passepartout's lively nature would agree with Mr. Fogg. It was impossible to tell whether the new servant would turn out as absolutely methodical as his master required; experience alone could solve the question. Passepartout had been a sort of vagrant in his early years, and now yearned for repose; but so far he had failed to find it, though he had already served in ten English houses. But he could not take root in any of these; with chagrin, he found his masters invariably whimsical and irregular, constantly running about the country, or on the look-out for adventure. His last master, young Lord Longferry, Member of Parliament, after passing his nights in the Haymarket taverns, was too often brought home in the morning on policemen's shoulders. Passepartout, desirous of respecting the gentleman whom he served, ventured a mild remonstrance on such conduct; which, being ill-received, he took his leave. Hearing that Mr. Phileas Fogg was looking for a servant, and that his life was one of unbroken regularity, that he neither travelled nor stayed from home overnight, he felt sure that this would be the place he was after. He presented himself, and was accepted, as has been seen.
   At half-past eleven, then, Passepartout found himself alone in the house in Saville Row. He begun its inspection without delay, scouring it from cellar to garret. So clean, well-arranged, solemn a mansion pleased him ; it seemed to him like a snail's shell, lighted and warmed by gas, which sufficed for both these purposes. When Passepartout reached the second story he recognised at once the room which he was to inhabit, and he was well satisfied with it. Electric bells and speaking-tubes afforded communication with the lower stories; while on the mantel stood an electric clock, precisely like that in Mr. Fogg's bedchamber, both beating the same second at the same instant. "That's good, that'll do," said Passepartout to himself.
   He suddenly observed, hung over the clock, a card which, upon inspection, proved to be a programme of the daily routine of the house. It comprised all that was required of the servant, from eight in the morning, exactly at which hour Phileas Fogg rose, till half-past eleven, when he left the house for the Reform Club--all the details of service, the tea and toast at twenty-three minutes past eight, the shaving-water at thirty-seven minutes past nine, and the toilet at twenty minutes before ten. Everything was regulated and foreseen that was to be done from half-past eleven a.m. till midnight, the hour at which the methodical gentleman retired.
   Mr. Fogg's wardrobe was amply supplied and in the best taste. Each pair of trousers, coat, and vest bore a number, indicating the time of year and season at which they were in turn to be laid out for wearing; and the same system was applied to the master's shoes. In short, the house in Saville Row, which must have been a very temple of disorder and unrest under the illustrious but dissipated Sheridan, was cosiness, comfort, and method idealised. There was no study, nor were there books, which would have been quite useless to Mr. Fogg; for at the Reform two libraries, one of general literature and the other of law and politics, were at his service. A moderate-sized safe stood in his bedroom, constructed so as to defy fire as well as burglars; but Passepartout found neither arms nor hunting weapons anywhere; everything betrayed the most tranquil and peaceable habits.
   Having scrutinised the house from top to bottom, he rubbed his hands, a broad smile overspread his features, and he said joyfully, "This is just what I wanted! Ah, we shall get on together, Mr. Fogg and I! What a domestic and regular gentleman! A real machine; well, I don't mind serving a machine."
首頁>> 文學>> 外国经典>> 儒勒·凡爾納 Jules Verne   法國 France   法蘭西第三共和國   (1828年二月8日1905年三月24日)