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chún zhēn nián dài The Age of Innocence
  《 chún zhēn nián dài》 ( yīng hàn duì zhào ) shì jīng jiǔ shuāi de jié zuòbèi rèn wéi shì · huá dùn zuì wéi wán měi de xiǎo shuōzuò zhě cóng qīn shēn jīng shú de huán jìng zhōng liàn cái zào rén jiāng zuò pǐn cái gēn zhí shēn hòu de xiàn shí rǎng zhōngtōng guò mìng yùn chén zhè xiàn suǒ zhù rén gōng 'ā qiē 'ěr 'ài qíng bēi de zhù xiàn xiāng yìng chènshǐ kàn xún cháng de 'ài qíng shì bèi liǎo shēn de shè huì xiàn shí
  
  "5000 chuáng tóu dēng yīng xué běn " yóu měi guó zuò jiā zhí jīng xuǎn liǎo guó wài shù shí zuì zhí shēng de wén xué zuò pǐn 5500 zuì cháng yòng de dān xiě chéng yán xiàn dài dàobiāo zhǔnyuán zhī yuán wèiér qiě tōng dǒng tǎng zài chuáng shàng yòng fān diǎn jiù jīn jīn yòu wèi xué yīng ér qiě diàn fāng wén huà gāo rén de kǒu wèi xiū yǎngduì chūzhōng yīng xué zhě lái shuō shì tào zhí bié tuī jiàn de yīng jiǎn 。《 chún zhēn nián dài》 ( yīng hàn duì zhào ) wèicóng shū de zhōng wéi yīng hàn duì zhào bǎnshì jīng jiǔ shuāi de jié zuòbèi rèn wéi shì · huá dùn zuì wéi wán měi de xiǎo shuō


  The Age of Innocence (1920) is a novel by Edith Wharton, which won the 1921 Pulitzer Prize. The story is set in upper class New York City in the 1870s.
  
  In 1920, The Age of Innocence was published twice; first in four parts, July – October, in the Pictorial Review magazine, and then by D. Appleton and Company as a book in New York and in London. The book was warmly received; the Times Book Review considered it "a brilliant panorama of New York's 45 years ago. The novel is in demand mostly at public libraries and a best seller in the bookstores."
  
  Plot introduction
  
  The Age of Innocence centers on an upper class couple's impending marriage, and the introduction of a woman plagued by scandal whose presence threatens their happiness. Though the novel questions the assumptions and morals of 1870s' New York society, it never devolves into an outright condemnation of the institution. In fact, Wharton considered this novel an "apology" for her earlier, more brutal and critical novel, The House of Mirth. Not to be overlooked is Wharton's attention to detailing the charms and customs of the upper caste. The novel is lauded for its accurate portrayal of how the 19th-century East Coast American upper class lived, and this, combined with the social tragedy, earned Wharton a Pulitzer Prize — the first Pulitzer awarded to a woman. Edith Wharton was 58 years old at publication; she lived in that world, and saw it change dramatically by the end of World War I. The title is an ironic comment on the polished outward manners of New York society, when compared to its inward machinations.
  Plot summary
  
  Newland Archer, gentleman lawyer and heir to one of New York City's best families, is happily anticipating a highly desirable marriage to the sheltered and beautiful May Welland. Yet he finds reason to doubt his choice of bride after the appearance of Countess Ellen Olenska, May's exotic, beautiful thirty-year-old cousin, who has been living in Europe. Ellen has returned to New York after scandalously separating herself (per rumor) from a bad marriage to a Polish Count. At first, Ellen's arrival and its potential taint to his bride's family disturbs him, but he becomes intrigued by the worldly Ellen who flouts New York society's fastidious rules. As Newland's admiration for the countess grows, so does his doubt about marrying May, a perfect product of Old New York society; his match with May no longer seems the ideal fate he had imagined.
  
  Ellen's decision to divorce Count Olenski is a social crisis for the other members of her family, who are terrified of scandal and disgrace. Living apart can be tolerated, but divorce is unacceptable. To save the Welland family's reputation, a law partner of Newland asks him to dissuade Countess Olenska from divorcing the Count. He succeeds, but in the process comes to care for her; afraid of falling in love with Ellen, Newland begs May to accelerate their wedding date; May refuses.
  
  Newland tells Ellen he loves her; Ellen corresponds, but is horrified of their love's aggrieving May. She agrees to remain in America, separated but still married, only if they do not sexually consummate their love; Newland receives May's telegram agreeing to wed sooner.
  
  Newland and May marry; he tries forgetting Ellen but fails. His society marriage is loveless, and the social life he once found absorbing has become empty and joyless. Though Ellen lives in Washington and has remained distant, he is unable to cease loving her. Their paths cross while he and May are in Newport, Rhode Island. Newland discovers that Count Olenski wishes Ellen to return to him, and she has refused, despite her family pushing her to reconcile with her husband and return to Europe. Frustrated by her independence, the family cut off her money, as the Count had already done.
  
  Newland desperately seeks a way to leave May and be with Ellen, obsessed with how to finally possess her. Despairing of ever making Ellen his wife, he attempts to have her agree to be his mistress. Then Ellen is recalled to New York City to care for her sick grandmother, who accepts her decision to remain separated and agrees to reinstate her allowance.
  
  Back in New York and under renewed pressure from Newland, Ellen relents and agrees to consummate their relationship. However, Newland then discovers that Ellen has decided to return to Europe. Newland makes up his mind to abandon May and follow Ellen to Europe when May announces that she and Newland are throwing a farewell party for Ellen. That night, after the party, Newland resolves to tell May he is leaving her for Ellen. She interrupts him to tell him that she learned that morning that she is pregnant; she reveals that she had told Ellen of her pregnancy two weeks earlier, despite not being sure of it at the time. The implication is that she did it because she suspected the love between Ellen and Newland and knew Ellen well enough to know that she would drop Newland if May was pregnant. Newland guesses that this is Ellen's reason for returning to Europe. Hopelessly trapped, Newland decides not to follow Ellen, surrendering his love for the sake of his children, remaining in a loveless marriage to May.
  
  Twenty-six years later, after May's death, Newland and his son are in Paris. The son, learning that his mother's cousin lives there, has arranged to visit Ellen in her Paris apartment. Newland is stunned at the prospect of seeing Ellen again. On arriving outside the apartment building, Newland, still reeling emotionally, sends up his son alone to meet Ellen, while he waits outside, watching her apartment's balcony. Newland considers going up, but decides that his dream and memory of Ellen are more real than anything else in his life has been; he walks back to his hotel without meeting her.
  Characters in The Age of Innocence
  
  Major Characters
  
   * Newland Archer: The story's protagonist is a young, popular, successful lawyer living with his mother and sister in an elegant New York City house. Since childhood, his life has been shaped by the customs and expectations of upper class New York City society. His engagement to May Welland is one in a string of accomplishments. At the story's start, he is proud and content to dream about a traditional marriage in which he will be the husband-teacher and she the wife-student. His life changes when he meets Countess Ellen Olenska. Through his relationship with her — first friendship, then love — he begins questioning the values on which he was raised. He sees the sexual inequality of New York society and the shallowness of its customs, and struggles to balance social commitment to May with love for Ellen. He cannot find a place for their love in the intricate, judgmental web of New York society. Throughout the story's progress, he transgresses the boundaries of acceptable behavior for love of Ellen: first following her to Skuytercliff, then Boston, and finally willing to follow her to Europe. In the end, though, Newland Archer finds that the only place for their love is in his memories.
  
   * Mrs. Manson Mingott: The matriarch of the powerful Mingott family, and grandmother to Ellen and May. She was born Catherine Spicer, the daughter of an inconsequential family. Widowed at 28, she has ensured her family's social position by her own shrewdness and force of character. She controls her family: at Newland's request, she has May and Mrs. Welland agree to an earlier wedding date. She controls the money — withholding Ellen's living allowance (when the family is angry with Ellen), and having niece Regina Beaufort ask for money when in financial trouble. Mrs. Mingott is a maverick in the polite world of New York society, at times pushing the boundaries of acceptable behavior; receiving guests in her house's ground floor, though society associates that practice with prostitutes. Her welcoming Ellen is viewed skeptically, and she insists the rest of the family support Ellen.
  
   * Mrs. Welland: May's mother, has raised her daughter to be a proper society lady. May's dullness, lack of imagination, and rigid views of appropriate and inappropriate behavior are consequence of her influence. She has effectively trained her husband, the weak-willed Mr. Welland, to conform to her desires and wishes. Mrs. Welland is the driving force behind May's commitment to a long engagement. Without her mother's influence, May might have agreed sooner to Newland's request for an earlier wedding date. After a few years of marriage, Newland Archer perceives in his mother-in-law what May will become — stolid, unimaginative, and dull.
  
   * May Welland: Newland Archer's fiancée, then wife. Raised to be a perfect wife and mother, she follows and obeys all of society's customs, perfectly. Mostly, she is the shallow, uninterested and uninteresting young woman that New York society requires. When they are in St. Augustine, though, May gives Newland a rare glimpse of the maturity and compassion he had previously ignored. She offers to release him from their engagement so he can marry the woman he truly loves, thinking he wants to be with Mrs. Rushworth, a married woman with whom he had recently ended a love affair. When he assures May of his loving only her, May appears to trust him, at least at first. Yet after marriage, she suspects Newland is Ellen's lover. Nonetheless, May pretends happiness before society, maintaining the illusion that she and he have the perfect marriage expected of them. Her unhappiness activates her manipulative nature, and Newland does not see it until too late. To drive Ellen away from him, May tells Ellen of her pregnancy before she is certain of it. Yet, there still is compassion in May, even in their loveless marriage's long years after Ellen's leaving. After May's death, Newland Archer learns she had always known of his continued love for Ellen; as May lay dying, she told their son Dallas that the children could always trust their father Newland, because he surrendered the thing most meaningful to him out of loyalty to their marriage.
  
   * Ellen Olenska: She is May's cousin and Mrs. Manson Mingott's granddaughter. She became a Countess by marrying Polish Count Olenski, a European nobleman. Her husband was allegedly cruel and abusive, stole Ellen's fortune and had affairs with other women and possibly even with men. When the story begins, Ellen has fled her unhappy marriage, lived in Venice with her husband's secretary, and has returned to her family in New York City, America. She is a free spirit who helps Newland Archer see beyond narrow New York society. She treats her maid, Nastasia, as an equal; offering the servant her own cape before sending her out on an errand. She attends parties with disreputable people such as Julius Beaufort and Mrs. Lemuel Struthers, and she invites Newland, the fiancé of her cousin May to visit her. Ellen suffers as much as Newland from their impossible love, but she is willing to live in emotional limbo so long as they can love each other at a distance. Ellen's love for Newland drives her important decisions: dropping divorce from Count Olenski, remaining in America, and offering Newland choice of sexual consummation only once, and then disappearing from his life. Her conscience and responsibility to family complicate her love for Newland. When she learns of May's pregnancy, Ellen immediately decides to leave America, refusing Newland's attempt to follow her to Europe, and so allow cousin May to start her family with her husband Newland.
  
   * New York City Society: Composed of powerful, wealthy families. These people follow and impose a strict, rigid code of social custom and behavior, and judge as unacceptable and disposable the people who do not follow their rules. Ellen has difficulty adapting to the behavoir that such a society thinks appropriate for a woman separated from her husband. New York society's judgment is clear; almost everyone refuses to attend the dinner party honoring Ellen's return.
  
  Minor Characters
  
   * Christine Nilsson: A famous singer who performs in an opera on the night of Archer and May's engagement. She sings in the same opera two years later.
   * Mrs. Lovell Mingott: May and Ellen's aunt, and the daughter-in-law of Mrs. Manson Mingott.
   * Lawrence Lefferts: A wealthy young man and a member of Archer's social circle. He is considered the expert on manners. Archer believes that Lefferts is behind New York society's rude refusal to attend the welcome dinner for Ellen. According to Archer, Lefferts makes a big show of his morality every time that his wife, Mrs. Lefferts, suspects that he is having an affair.
   * Sillerton Jackson: The expert on the families that make up New York society. He knows who is related to whom, and the history of every important family. Mrs. Archer and Janey invite him over for dinner when they want to catch up on gossip.
   * Julius Beaufort: An arrogant banker who tries to have an affair with Ellen. He even follows her to Skuytercliff during the weekend that Archer goes to visit Ellen. His banking business eventually fails, and he leaves New York society in disgrace.
   * Regina Beaufort: Julius Beaufort's wife and Mrs. Manson Mingott's niece. She comes to Mrs. Mingott when her husband's bank fails, to ask for a loan. Her visit causes Mrs. Mingott to have a stroke.
   * Janey Archer: Archer's dowdy, unmarried sister who never goes out and relies on Archer. She and her mother invite guests to dinner so they can gossip about New York society. Janey disapproves of Ellen, because she's unconventional and independent, and doesn't simply tolerate her husband's abuse.
   * Mrs. Archer: Archer's widowed mother. She doesn't get out to events often, but loves to hear about society. She and Janey strongly believe in the values of New York society. Like Janey, she views Ellen with suspicion.
   * Mrs. Lemuel Struthers: A woman on the fringes of New York society. She is treated with mistrust and scorn until Ellen befriends her. She eventually becomes popular; at the end of the novel, May thinks it appropriate to go to her parties.
   * Count Olenski: Ellen's husband, a dissolute aristocrat who drove Ellen away with neglect and misery. At first, Count Olenski is content to let Ellen go. Later, though, he sends his secretary to America to ask Ellen to return, with the stipulation that she only appear as his hostess occasionally. He never appears in the story, but is described as half paralyzed and very pale, with thick feminine eyelashes. He constantly cheats on Ellen, and a veiled remark of Jackson's implies that he copulates with men, too. What other abuses and infidelities he commits are unknown, but he seems quite malicious.
   * Sophy Jackson: Sillerton Jackson's unmarried sister. She is a friend of Janey and Mrs. Archer.
   * Louisa and Henry van der Luyden: Cousins of the Archers, and the most powerful people in New York society. They only mingle with people when they are trying to save society. Mrs. Archer goes to the van der Luydens after New York society snubs Ellen. They invite her to a very exclusive party in honor of the Duke of St. Austrey to show society that they support her.
   * Duke of St Austrey: A European Duke. He is the guest of honor at a dinner party thrown by the van der Luydens. Both Ellen and Archer find him dull.
   * Nastasia: Ellen's Italian maid. She invites Archer and the other guests to wait in Ellen's sitting room.
   * Mr. Letterblair: The senior partner of Archer's law firm. He gives Archer the responsibility of talking Ellen out of her plans to divorce the Count.
   * Mrs. Rushworth: The vain, foolish married woman with whom Archer had an affair before his engagement to May.
   * Ned Winsett: A journalist. He and Archer are friends, despite their different social circles. He is one of the few people with whom Archer feels that he can have a meaningful conversation. Ned Winsett challenges Archer to think of things outside of society.
   * Reggie Chivers: An important member of society. Archer spends a weekend at their country home on the Hudson River.
   * Marchioness Medora Manson: The aunt who took Ellen to Europe as a child. She now lives in Washington, where Ellen goes to take care of her. During a visit to New York, she tries to persuade Archer to convince Ellen that she should return to the Count. Beaufort's bank failure eventually ruins Mrs. Manson's fortune, and she moves back to Europe with Ellen.
   * Dr. Agathon Carver: A friend (and possible love interest) of the Marchioness Manson. Archer meets him at Ellen's house.
   * Du Lac aunts: Archer's elderly aunts. They offer their country home to May and Archer for their honeymoon.
   * Mrs. Carfry: An English acquaintance of Janey and Mrs. Archer. She invites Archer and May to a dinner party while they are on their European wedding tour.
   * M. Rivière: The French tutor of Mrs. Carfry's nephew. He fascinates Archer with his life story and intellect. Later, Archer learns that he was Count Olenski's secretary and the man who helped Ellen escape her marriage. The count sends him to Boston to try to convince Ellen to return to Europe.
   * Emerson Sillerton: An unpopular, eccentric professor who spends his summers in Newport with the rest of society. He throws a party for the Blenker family that no one wants to attend.
   * Blenker family: The unpopular, socially inferior family with whom the Marchioness and Ellen stay while in Newport. They are the guests of honor at Emerson Sillerton's party, and seems to be a clever, kind bunch.
   * Miss Blenker: The youngest daughter of the Blenker family. When Archer visits her empty family's house on the day of Sillerton's party, she is there. Archer briefly confuses her with Ellen, and she flirts with him. Through Miss Blenker, Archer learns that Ellen has gone to Boston.
   * Dallas Archer: May and Archer's eldest child. He takes his father on a trip to Europe. Through Dallas, Archer learns that May felt sorry for his empty heart after Ellen left.
   * Fanny Beaufort: Dallas Archer's fiancée and the daughter of Julius Beaufort and his second wife. She asks Dallas to visit Ellen while he and Archer are in Paris.
  
  Film, TV or theatrical adaptations
  
   * In 1924, an eponymous silent film film adaptation was released by Warner Brothers, directed by Wesley Ruggles, and starring Beverly Bayne as Countess Olenska and Elliott Dexter as Newland Archer.
  
   * In 1928, Margaret Ayer Barnes adapted the novel into a play, first produced on Broadway, starring Katharine Cornell as Countess Ellen Olenska.
  
   * In 1934, an eponymous film adaptation directed for RKO Studios by Philip Moeller (based upon the 1920 novel and 1928 play), starring Irene Dunne as Countess Ellen Olenska and John Boles as Newland Archer.
  
   * In 1993, an eponymous film adaptation, The Age of Innocence, was directed by Martin Scorsese, starring Michelle Pfeiffer as Countess Ellen Olenska, Daniel Day-Lewis as Newland Archer, Winona Ryder as May Welland Archer, Richard E. Grant, and Miriam Margolyes. Ryder won a Golden Globe Award for her portrayal of May Welland Archer, and the film won an Oscar for costume design.
  
   * Gossip Girl author Cecily Von Ziegesar modeled her hit series on Edith Wharton's The Age of Innocence. On March 16, 2009, an episode of Gossip Girl entitled "The Age of Dissonance" aired, showing the teens star in a theatrical production of The Age of Innocence with Blair as Countess Olenska, Serena as May Welland, and Dan as Newland Archer with several other characters from the show portraying minor roles in the story including Nate as Beaufort.
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  70 nián dài chū yuè de wǎn shàng tíng · 'ěr sēn zài niǔ yuē yīnyuè yuàn yǎn chàng shì 》。
   suī rán rén men zǎo jiù lùn yào zài 40 jiē běi de yuǎn jiāo xīng jiàn zuò xīn de yuàn zào jià zhuàng guān jiāng 'ōu zhōu xiē zhù míng shǒu de yuàn měirán 'ér shàng liú shè huì què rán mǎn měi nián dōng tiān zài zhè zuò shǐ yōu jiǔ de yīnyuè yuàn hóng huáng liǎng de jiù bāo xiāng jìn xíng shè jiāo huìbǎo shǒu pài de rén men xīn shǎng de zhǎi xiǎo biànzhè yàng niǔ yuē shè huì kāi shǐ dàn yòu wéi zhī yǐn de xīn rén zhī mén wàiduō chóu shàn gǎn de rén men yīn wéi yǐn duō shǐ de lián xiǎng 'ér duì liàn liàn bùshěér yīnyuè 'àihào zhě liú liàn jīng měi de yīn xiǎng xiào guǒzài zhuān wéi xīn shǎng yīnyuè 'ér xiū jiàn de tīng táng zhōngyīn xiǎng xiào guǒ xiàng láidōu shì shǒu de zhì liàng wèn
   zhè shì 'ěr sēn rén dāng nián dōng tiān de shǒu chǎng yǎn chū xiē bèi bào chēng wéichāo fán tuō de tīng zhòng jīng yún lái tīng de yǎn chàng men huò chéng rén chēhuò chéng kuān chǎng de jiā tíng shuāng péng chēhuò zhě chéng dàng jiào què gèng wéi biàn de lǎng lún chē”, jīng guò liù huá duō xuě de jiē dào lái dào liǎo zhè chéng zuò lǎng chē lái tīng jīhū gēn zuò de chē yàng miànér qiě kāi chǎng shí hái yòu de yōu yuè xìngduì yuán kāi wán xiào): qiǎng xiān dēng shàng xiàn shàng liàng lǎng chēér yòng děng dài de yīn hán lěng liè jiǔ 'ér chōng xuè de hóng chē zài yīnyuè yuàn mén láng xià miàn xiǎn xiànměi guó rén xiǎng kāi chǎng suǒ xiǎng de shí hòu gèng jiā qiēzhè shì wèi liǎo de chē xíng diàn zhù píng jué miào de zhí jué huò de wěi xiàn
   dāng niǔ lán · ā qiē 'ěr kāi bāo xiāng hòu miàn de mén shíhuā yuán yīcháng de wéi gāng gāng shēng zhè wèi nián qīng rén běn zǎo diǎn lái dào 7 diǎn zhōng qīn mèi mèi yòng liǎo cān hòu yòu zài shì shū shì màn màn tūn tūn liǎo zhī xuějiā jiān fàng liǎo guāng liàng de hēi táo shū chú jiān dǐng de fáng jiānshì zhè suǒ fáng 'ā qiē 'ěr tài tài wéi yǔn yān de fāngrán 'érshǒu xiānniǔ yuē shì shìér yòu shí fēn qīng chǔzài shì tīng zǎo dào shì deér shì fǒu ”, zài niǔ lán · ā qiē 'ěr shí dài de niǔ yuē jiù xiàng qiān nián qián zhī pèi liǎo xiān mìng yùn de de téng kǒng yàng zhòng yào
   wǎn dào de 'èr yuán yīn shì rén fāng miàn de yān màn màn tūn tūnshì yīn wéi zài nèi xīn shēn chù shì shù de 'àihào zhěwán wèi xíng jiāng lái dào de kuài cháng cháng huì shǐ kuài zhēn de lái dào shí gǎn dào gēngshēn qiē de mǎn dāng zhè zhǒng kuài shí fēn wēi miào shí yóu ér de duō bàn shǔ zhè zhǒng lèi xíngzhè pàn de shí fēi cháng zhēn guì xìng zhì cháng wēi miào héng héng 'ejiǎ ruò shí jiān zhǎng qià dào hǎo chùnéng wèi shǒu yǎn yuán de tái jiān shàng pāidào chǎng shí zhèng gǎn shàng biān chàng zhe 'ài héng héng 'ài héng héng 'ài !” biān pāo zhe chú huā bàn 'àn shì xiàng shuǐ bān qīng chè héng héng guǒ zhēn jìn yīnyuè yuàn de shí jiù zài měi miào guò liǎo
   dāng rán chàng de shìm 'ā ”, ér shì 'ài ”, yīn wéi yīnyuè jiè róng gǎi biàn róng huái de yào qiúyóu ruì diǎn shù jiā yǎn chàng de guó de wén běn fān chéng biàn jiǎng yīng de tīng zhòng gèng qīng chǔ jiězhè diǎn niǔ lán · ā qiē 'ěr jué shēng huó zhōng zūn xún de suǒ yòu guàn yàng suǒ dāng rán yòng liǎng dài yòu lán zhe xìng míng suō xiě de yín bèi shuà fēn kāi de tóu niǔ kòu dòng chā duǒ huāzuì hǎo shì wéi huācái zài shè jiāo jiè lòumiàn
  “ m 'ā nóng m 'ā ……” shǒu yǎn yuán chàng dào yíng 'ài qíng hòu de zuì hòu bào chàng chūm 'ā !” miàn shù luàn péng péng de chú zài chún shàngtái shuāng yǎn jīngcháo wèi yīn de xiǎo shì héng héng 'ěr zuò zuò de liǎn shàng wàng chuān jiàn de róng jǐn shēn shàng dài dǐng náng náng de biàn màozhèng láo zhuāng chū wèi tiān zhēn de shòu hài zhě yàng chún jié zhēn chéng de biǎo qíng
   niǔ lán · ā qiē 'ěr zài bāo xiāng hòu miàn de qiáng shàng guāng cóng tái shàng kāisǎo shì zhe chǎng duì miànzhèng duì zhe de shì lǎo màn sēn · míng tài tài de bāo xiāng de féi pàng bìng zǎo shǐ lái tīng guò zài yòu shè jiāo huó dòng de wǎn shàng zǒng shì yóu jiā tíng de mǒu xiē nián qīng chéng yuán dài biǎo chū zhè zhàn bāo xiāng qián pái zuò wèi de shì de 'ér luò 'ěr · míng tài tài de 'ér wéi lán tài tàizuò zài zhè liǎng wèi shēn zhe jǐn duàn de rén shēn hòu de shì wèi chuān bái de nián qīng niànzhèng zhuǎn jīng zhù shì zhe duì tái liàn réndāng 'ěr sēn rénm 'ā de chàn yīn huá yīnyuè yuàn jìng de shàng kōng shíyǎn chàng chú jiān bāo xiāng zǒng shì tíng zhǐ jiāo tán), piàn cháo hóng fàn zài niàn de miàn jiácóng 'é tóu yǒng xiàng měi fàbiàn de gēn màn guò qīng chūn de xiōng xié miànzhí zhì zhe duǒ wéi huā de báoshā lǐng de lǐng xiàn chuí xià yǎn jīng wàng zhe shàng shù líng lánniǔ lán · ā qiē 'ěr kàn jiàn dài bái shǒu tào de zhǐ jiān qīng zhe huā duǒ mǎn shēn shēn liǎo kǒu de guāng yòu huí dào tái shàng
   jǐng de zhì zuò shì gōng běn delián shú wéi yuàn de rén chéng rèn jǐng hěn měiqián jǐng zhí zhì jiǎo dēng liǎo kuài xiān de huà zhōng jǐng de céng shì ruò gān gài zhe máo róng róng de duìchèn xiǎo qiū chuí qiú yóu de gǒng mén lín jiēshàng miàn de guàn cóng xíng zhuàng xiàng jié shùdàn diǎn zhuì jiān de què shì duǒ duǒ fěn hóng hóng de méi guī huā zhè xiē méi guī gèng de luó lán jiào mín wéi shī zhì zuò de huā xíng cóng méi guī shù xià de tái zhōng 'ér zài xiē xiān huā fàng de méi guī zhī tóujià jiē zhe duǒ duǒ chú gào zhe · bān xiān shēng yuán shì yàn yáo yuǎn de guān
   zài zhè zuò huàn bān de huā yuán zhōng xīn 'ěr sēn rén shēn chuān xiāng dàn lán duàn qièkǒu de bái kāi wài wǎng zhuàng shǒu bāo diào zài lán yāo dài shàng huàng lái huàng tiáo kuān de huáng zhì dài jīng xīn pái liè zài jiàn mián jǐn shēn xiōng de liǎng chuí zhuóyǎn jīng qīng tīng 'ěr liè de qiú 'àiměi dāng yòng huà huò guāng quàn yòu cóng yòu xié shēn chū lái de zuò zhěng jié de zhuān zào bié shù lóu de chuāng kǒu shí zhuāng chū duì de háo jiě de tiān zhēn de yàng
  “ qīn 'ài de!” niǔ lán · ā qiē 'ěr xīn xiǎng de guāng xùn huí dào wèi shǒu chí líng lán de nián qīng niàn shēn shàng。“ lián diǎn 'ér kàn dǒng 'ā。” zhù shì zhe quánshén guàn zhù de zhì nèn miàn pángxīn zhōng yóu yǒng chū zhèn yōng yòu zhě de dòng zhōng yòu duì méng dòng de zhàng gài de háo yòu duì shēn de chún jié de wēn xīn jìng 。“ men jiāng zài shì 》,…… zài de pàn……” xīn xiǎng shè de yuè chǎng miàn wén xué míng zhù jiǎo zài xiàng de xīn niàn chǎn shì míng zhù shì zuò zhàng de quánjǐn jǐn zài jīn tiān xià méi · wéi lán cái ràng cāi chū duì gǎn dàozhòngyì”( niǔ yuē rén zūn chóng de wèi hūn shàonǚ rèn de yòng ), ér de xiǎng xiàng què zǎo yuè guò liǎo dìng hūn jiè zhǐdìng hūn zhī wěn zǒu chū hēng lín jiào táng de hūn hángliègòu huà lǎo 'ōu zhōu mǒu lìng rén xīn zuì de chǎng jǐng zhōng wēi zài shēn bàng de qíng jǐng liǎo
   jué wàng wèi lái de niǔ lán · ā qiē 'ěr tài tài shì dāi yào ràng yóu zhāoxī xiāng bàn de méngyǎng chéng zhǒng yuán tōng de shè jiāo néng suí yìng biàn de kǒu cáinéng nián qīng dài xiē zuì yòu míng de hūn píng píng zuòzài xiē rén zhōng jiān tiáo gōng rèn de shì yào mài nòng fēng qíngyǐn nán rén de qíngtóng shí yòu yào zhuāng lóng zuò ràng men cùn jìn chǐjiǎ zǎo xiē duì de róng xīn jìn xíng shēn de tàn suǒyòu shí hòu jīhū jīng zuò dào liǎo), néng zǎo xiàn 'ér yòu qián cáng de yuàn wàng wàng de gēn xiē hūn shì yàng shì yuán tōng yàng wàng yuè rén xiē tài tài men de mèi céng shǐ xīn zuì shén ràng guò liǎo liǎng shāo xiǎn jiāo de nián tóu héng héng dāng rán méi chū dīng diǎn cuì ruò de yǐng jìn guǎn xiǎn xiē huǐ liǎo zhè wèi xìng zhě de zhōng shēngbìng qiě zhěng zhěng dōng tiān jiǎo luàn liǎo de jìhuà
   zhì chuàng zào chū zhè huǒ bīng de yòu zài lěng de shì jiè shàng zhī chēng xià shì cóng lái méi yòu huā shí jiān xiǎng guò zhǐ shì mǎn jiā fēn jiān chí de guān diǎnyīn wéi zhī dào zhè shì suǒ yòu xiē jīng xīn shū liǎo tóu chuān bái bèi xīnkòu dòng bié xiān huā de shēn shì men de guān diǎn men jiē jìn bāo xiāngyǒu hǎo zhāo rán hòu dài zhe píng de yǎn guāng wàng yuǎn jìng duì zhǔn liǎo zuò wéi zhè zhì chǎn de shì menzài zhì shù fāng miànniǔ lán · ā qiē 'ěr jué lǎo niǔ yuē shàng liú jiē céng zhè xiē jīng xuǎn de biāo běn míng xiǎn yào gāo chóu zhè bāng rén zhōng rèn wèi gài duō kǎo duōbìng qiě jiàn shí duōdān lái kàn mendōu chǔyú liè shìdàn còu zài men què dài biǎo zheniǔ yuē”, ér nán xìng tuán jié zhì de guàn shǐ zài chēng zuò dào de suǒ yòu wèn shàng jiē shòu liǎo men de yuán běn néng gǎn dàozài zhè fāng miàn ruò rén biāo xīn kěn dìng huì yǐn fánér qiě hěn
  “ āi héng héng de tiān!” láo lún · lāi hǎn dào rán de xiǎo wàng yuǎn jìng cóng tái de fāng xiàng kāijiù zǒng 'ér yánláo lún · lāi zài zhǐwèn shàng shì niǔ yuē de zuì gāo quán wēi yán jiū zhè 'ér yòu rén de wèn huā fèi de shí jiān gài rèn réndōu duōdān zhǐ yán jiū hái néng shuō míng jià qīng jiù shú de quán cáirén men zhǐ kàn yǎn héng héng cóng guāng de qián 'é xié miàn hǎo kàn de jīn huáng de xiàndào shòuxuē yōu de shēn lìng duān chuān xié de cháng jiǎo héng héng biàn huì jué zhī dào suí biàn chuānzhuó guì zhòng de bìng bǎo chí xián shì yōu de rénzài zhǐfāng miàn de xué shí dìng shì chū tiān zhèng wèi nián qīng chóng bài zhě yòu tán shí suǒ shuō de:“ jiǎ yòu shuí néng gào shénme shí jiān hēi lǐng dài pèi qià dào hǎo chùshénme shí hòu xíng mezhè rén jiù shì láo lún · lāi 。” zhì wǎng qiú xié niú jīnxié shú yōu shú liè de wèn de quán wēi cóng wèi yòu rén chū guò huái
  “ de shàng !” shuōjiē zhe jiāng wàng yuǎn jìng gěi liǎo lǎo dùn · jié xùn
   niǔ lán · ā qiē 'ěr suí zhe lāi de guāng wàng jīng xiàn de gǎn tàn shì yīn wéi shēng de shēn yǐng jìn míng tài tài de bāo xiāng 'ér yǐn de shì wèi shēn cái miáo tiáo de nián qīng méi · wéi lán lüè 'ǎi diǎnzōng de tóu zài bìn jiǎo chù biàn chéng nóng de quányòng tiáo zuàn shí zhǎi dài dìng zhùzhè zhǒng fàxíng shǐ yòu zhǒng shí xià chēng zuòyuē fēn shìde múyàngzhè lián xiǎng zài jiàn shēn lán róng wǎn de kuǎn shì shàng dào liǎo yìn zhèng yòng tiáo dài lǎo shì kòu de yāo dài zài xiōng xià shí fēn kuā zhāng wǎn zhù chuānzhuó zhè shēn de shí fēn yǐn rén zhù diǎn 'ér wèi jué zài bāo xiāng zhōng jiān zhàn liǎo huì wéi lán tài tài tǎo lùn zhàn qián pái yòu miàn jiǎo luò zuò wèi de jié wèn jiē zhe biàn guǎn 'ěr tīng mìng zuò zài duì miàn jiǎo luò de wéi lán tài tài de sǎo sǎo luò 'ěr · míng tài tài zài tóng pái jiù zuò
   dùn · jié xùn xiān shēng xiǎo wàng yuǎn jìng hái gěi liǎo láo lún · lāi quán de réndōu běn néng zhuǎn guò liǎnděng zhe tīng zhè wèi lǎo zhě kāi jiǎngyīn wéi zhèng láo lún · lāi zài zhǐwèn shàng yànglǎo jié xùn xiān shēng zàijiā wèn shàng shì zuì gāo quán wēi liǎo jiě niǔ yuē xiē tángbiǎo qīn guān de suǒ yòu zhī pài jǐn néng shuō qīng zhū míng jiā tōng guò suǒ jiā nán luó lái zhōu jiā zhī jiān de guān shàng zhī fèi chéng suǒ jiā 'ā 'ěr · jiā jué huì xué de màn sēn · hùn xiáo de qīn yuánér qiě hái néng liè měi jiā de zhù yào diǎn lāi jiā nián qīng dàicháng dǎo xiē rén lìn shí jiā chǔnzǒng shì zài hūn pèi wèn shàng fàn xià zhì mìng cuò zài ā 'ěr · jiā měi dài jiù huì chū xiàn shén jīng bìng men niǔ yuē de biǎo xiōng mèi zhí jué zhī tōng hūn héng héng wéi lián de méi duō · màn sēn shì xìng de wài héng héng rén suǒ gòng zhī…… ér de qīn běn lái jiù shì shí jiā de rén
   chú liǎo zhè zhǒng jiā de fēng zhī shí zhī wài dùn · jié xùn zài 'āo xiàn xiá zhǎi de liǎng bìn zhī jiānróu ruǎn nóng de yín xià miànhái bǎo cún zhe jié zài niǔ yuē shè huì píng jìng biǎo céng xià de zuì jìn 50 nián jiān duō shù chǒu wén shǐ de de xìn díquè miàn guǎng liàng de díquè jīng què suǒ rén men rèn wéi wéi yòu cái néng shuō chū yínháng jiā zhū · jiū jìng shì rénlǎo màn sēn · míng tài tài de qīnpiào liàng de bào · pài sài de jié jiū jìng hòu zhě jié hūn dào niánjiù zài wèi měi de bān dǎo yǎn yuán dēng chuán de tiān shén shī zōng liǎodài zhe wěi tuō jīn), zài de lǎo yuàn céng lìng fēng yōng de guān zhòng huān xīn guò zhè xiē wén héng héng hái yòu duō de héng héng yán yán shí shí suǒ zài jié xùn xiān shēng xīn zhōngyīn wéi jǐn qiáng liè de dào gǎn chóngfù bié rén xià gào de rèn shì qíngér qiě shí fēn qīng chǔjǐn shèn zhōu dào de míng shēng huì gěi gèng duō de huì biàn chá míng xiǎng liǎo jiě de qíng kuàng
   suǒ dāng dùn · jié xùn xiān shēng xiǎo wàng yuǎn jìng hái gěi láo lún · lāi de shí hòu bāo xiāng de rén dài zhe míng xiǎn de xuán niàn děng dài zhe yòng mǎn lǎo jīn de yǎn jiǎn xià shuāng méng lóng de lán yǎn jīng shěn shì fān huǒ 'ěr gōng tīng de rénrán hòu ruò yòu suǒ dǒu dòng xià jǐn jǐn shuō liǎo :“ méi xiǎng dào míng jiā de rén huì bǎi chū zhè zhǒng jià shì。”


  On a January evening of the early seventies, Christine Nilsson was singing in Faust at the Academy of Music in New York.
   Though there was already talk of the erection, in remote metropolitan distances "above the Forties," of a new Opera House which should compete in costliness and splendour with those of the great European capitals, the world of fashion was still content to reassemble every winter in the shabby red and gold boxes of the sociable old Academy. Conservatives cherished it for being small and inconvenient, and thus keeping out the "new people" whom New York was beginning to dread and yet be drawn to; and the sentimental clung to it for its historic associations, and the musical for its excellent acoustics, always so problematic a quality in halls built for the hearing of music.
   It was Madame Nilsson's first appearance that winter, and what the daily press had already learned to describe as "an exceptionally brilliant audience" had gathered to hear her, transported through the slippery, snowy streets in private broughams, in the spacious family landau, or in the humbler but more convenient "Brown coupe" To come to the Opera in a Brown coupe was almost as honourable a way of arriving as in one's own carriage; and departure by the same means had the immense advantage of enabling one (with a playful allusion to democratic principles) to scramble into the first Brown conveyance in the line, instead of waiting till the cold-and-gin congested nose of one's own coachman gleamed under the portico of the Academy. It was one of the great livery-stableman's most masterly intuitions to have discovered that Americans want to get away from amusement even more quickly than they want to get to it.
   When Newland Archer opened the door at the back of the club box the curtain had just gone up on the garden scene. There was no reason why the young man should not have come earlier, for he had dined at seven, alone with his mother and sister, and had lingered afterward over a cigar in the Gothic library with glazed black-walnut bookcases and finial-topped chairs which was the only room in the house where Mrs. Archer allowed smoking. But, in the first place, New York was a metropolis, and perfectly aware that in metropolises it was "not the thing" to arrive early at the opera; and what was or was not "the thing" played a part as important in Newland Archer's New York as the inscrutable totem terrors that had ruled the destinies of his forefathers thousands of years ago.
   The second reason for his delay was a personal one. He had dawdled over his cigar because he was at heart a dilettante, and thinking over a pleasure to come often gave him a subtler satisfaction than its realisation. This was especially the case when the pleasure was a delicate one, as his pleasures mostly were; and on this occasion the moment he looked forward to was so rare and exquisite in quality that--well, if he had timed his arrival in accord with the prima donna's stage-manager he could not have entered the Academy at a more significant moment than just as she was singing: "He loves me--he loves me not--HE LOVES ME!--" and sprinkling the falling daisy petals with notes as clear as dew.
   She sang, of course, "M'ama!" and not "he loves me," since an unalterable and unquestioned law of the musical world required that the German text of French operas sung by Swedish artists should be translated into Italian for the clearer understanding of English- speaking audiences. This seemed as natural to Newland Archer as all the other conventions on which his life was moulded: such as the duty of using two silver- backed brushes with his monogram in blue enamel to part his hair, and of never appearing in society without a flower (preferably a gardenia) in his buttonhole.
   "M'ama . . . non m'ama . . . " the prima donna sang, and "M'ama!", with a final burst of love triumphant, as she pressed the dishevelled daisy to her lips and lifted her large eyes to the sophisticated countenance of the little brown Faust-Capoul, who was vainly trying, in a tight purple velvet doublet and plumed cap, to look as pure and true as his artless victim.
   Newland Archer, leaning against the wall at the back of the club box, turned his eyes from the stage and scanned the opposite side of the house. Directly facing him was the box of old Mrs. Manson Mingott, whose monstrous obesity had long since made it impossible for her to attend the Opera, but who was always represented on fashionable nights by some of the younger members of the family. On this occasion, the front of the box was filled by her daughter-in-law, Mrs. Lovell Mingott, and her daughter, Mrs. Welland; and slightly withdrawn behind these brocaded matrons sat a young girl in white with eyes ecstatically fixed on the stagelovers. As Madame Nilsson's "M'ama!" thrilled out above the silent house (the boxes always stopped talking during the Daisy Song) a warm pink mounted to the girl's cheek, mantled her brow to the roots of her fair braids, and suffused the young slope of her breast to the line where it met a modest tulle tucker fastened with a single gardenia. She dropped her eyes to the immense bouquet of lilies-of-the-valley on her knee, and Newland Archer saw her white-gloved finger-tips touch the flowers softly. He drew a breath of satisfied vanity and his eyes returned to the stage.
   No expense had been spared on the setting, which was acknowledged to be very beautiful even by people who shared his acquaintance with the Opera houses of Paris and Vienna. The foreground, to the footlights, was covered with emerald green cloth. In the middle distance symmetrical mounds of woolly green moss bounded by croquet hoops formed the base of shrubs shaped like orange-trees but studded with large pink and red roses. Gigantic pansies, considerably larger than the roses, and closely resembling the floral pen- wipers made by female parishioners for fashionable clergymen, sprang from the moss beneath the rose- trees; and here and there a daisy grafted on a rose- branch flowered with a luxuriance prophetic of Mr. Luther Burbank's far-off prodigies.
   In the centre of this enchanted garden Madame Nilsson, in white cashmere slashed with pale blue satin, a reticule dangling from a blue girdle, and large yellow braids carefully disposed on each side of her muslin chemisette, listened with downcast eyes to M. Capoul's impassioned wooing, and affected a guileless incomprehension of his designs whenever, by word or glance, he persuasively indicated the ground floor window of the neat brick villa projecting obliquely from the right wing.
   "The darling!" thought Newland Archer, his glance flitting back to the young girl with the lilies-of-the- valley. "She doesn't even guess what it's all about." And he contemplated her absorbed young face with a thrill of possessorship in which pride in his own masculine initiation was mingled with a tender reverence for her abysmal purity. "We'll read Faust together . . . by the Italian lakes . . ." he thought, somewhat hazily confusing the scene of his projected honey-moon with the masterpieces of literature which it would be his manly privilege to reveal to his bride. It was only that afternoon that May Welland had let him guess that she "cared" (New York's consecrated phrase of maiden avowal), and already his imagination, leaping ahead of the engagement ring, the betrothal kiss and the march from Lohengrin, pictured her at his side in some scene of old European witchery.
   He did not in the least wish the future Mrs. Newland Archer to be a simpleton. He meant her (thanks to his enlightening companionship) to develop a social tact and readiness of wit enabling her to hold her own with the most popular married women of the "younger set," in which it was the recognised custom to attract masculine homage while playfully discouraging it. If he had probed to the bottom of his vanity (as he sometimes nearly did) he would have found there the wish that his wife should be as worldly-wise and as eager to please as the married lady whose charms had held his fancy through two mildly agitated years; without, of course, any hint of the frailty which had so nearly marred that unhappy being's life, and had disarranged his own plans for a whole winter.
   How this miracle of fire and ice was to be created, and to sustain itself in a harsh world, he had never taken the time to think out; but he was content to hold his view without analysing it, since he knew it was that of all the carefully-brushed, white-waistcoated, button- hole-flowered gentlemen who succeeded each other in the club box, exchanged friendly greetings with him, and turned their opera-glasses critically on the circle of ladies who were the product of the system. In matters intellectual and artistic Newland Archer felt himself distinctly the superior of these chosen specimens of old New York gentility; he had probably read more, thought more, and even seen a good deal more of the world, than any other man of the number. Singly they betrayed their inferiority; but grouped together they represented "New York," and the habit of masculine solidarity made him accept their doctrine on all the issues called moral. He instinctively felt that in this respect it would be troublesome--and also rather bad form--to strike out for himself.
   "Well--upon my soul!" exclaimed Lawrence Lefferts, turning his opera-glass abruptly away from the stage. Lawrence Lefferts was, on the whole, the foremost authority on "form" in New York. He had probably devoted more time than any one else to the study of this intricate and fascinating question; but study alone could not account for his complete and easy competence. One had only to look at him, from the slant of his bald forehead and the curve of his beautiful fair moustache to the long patent-leather feet at the other end of his lean and elegant person, to feel that the knowledge of "form" must be congenital in any one who knew how to wear such good clothes so carelessly and carry such height with so much lounging grace. As a young admirer had once said of him: "If anybody can tell a fellow just when to wear a black tie with evening clothes and when not to, it's Larry Lefferts." And on the question of pumps versus patent-leather "Oxfords" his authority had never been disputed.
   "My God!" he said; and silently handed his glass to old Sillerton Jackson.
   Newland Archer, following Lefferts's glance, saw with surprise that his exclamation had been occasioned by the entry of a new figure into old Mrs. Mingott's box. It was that of a slim young woman, a little less tall than May Welland, with brown hair growing in close curls about her temples and held in place by a narrow band of diamonds. The suggestion of this headdress, which gave her what was then called a "Josephine look," was carried out in the cut of the dark blue velvet gown rather theatrically caught up under her bosom by a girdle with a large old-fashioned clasp. The wearer of this unusual dress, who seemed quite unconscious of the attention it was attracting, stood a moment in the centre of the box, discussing with Mrs. Welland the propriety of taking the latter's place in the front right- hand corner; then she yielded with a slight smile, and seated herself in line with Mrs. Welland's sister-in-law, Mrs. Lovell Mingott, who was installed in the opposite corner.
   Mr. Sillerton Jackson had returned the opera-glass to Lawrence Lefferts. The whole of the club turned instinctively, waiting to hear what the old man had to say; for old Mr. Jackson was as great an authority on "family" as Lawrence Lefferts was on "form." He knew all the ramifications of New York's cousinships; and could not only elucidate such complicated questions as that of the connection between the Mingotts (through the Thorleys) with the Dallases of South Carolina, and that of the relationship of the elder branch of Philadelphia Thorleys to the Albany Chiverses (on no account to be confused with the Manson Chiverses of University Place), but could also enumerate the leading characteristics of each family: as, for instance, the fabulous stinginess of the younger lines of Leffertses (the Long Island ones); or the fatal tendency of the Rushworths to make foolish matches; or the insanity recurring in every second generation of the Albany Chiverses, with whom their New York cousins had always refused to intermarry--with the disastrous exception of poor Medora Manson, who, as everybody knew . . . but then her mother was a Rushworth.
   In addition to this forest of family trees, Mr. Sillerton Jackson carried between his narrow hollow temples, and under his soft thatch of silver hair, a register of most of the scandals and mysteries that had smouldered under the unruffled surface of New York society within the last fifty years. So far indeed did his information extend, and so acutely retentive was his memory, that he was supposed to be the only man who could have told you who Julius Beaufort, the banker, really was, and what had become of handsome Bob Spicer, old Mrs. Manson Mingott's father, who had disappeared so mysteriously (with a large sum of trust money) less than a year after his marriage, on the very day that a beautiful Spanish dancer who had been delighting thronged audiences in the old Opera-house on the Battery had taken ship for Cuba. But these mysteries, and many others, were closely locked in Mr. Jackson's breast; for not only did his keen sense of honour forbid his repeating anything privately imparted, but he was fully aware that his reputation for discretion increased his opportunities of finding out what he wanted to know.
   The club box, therefore, waited in visible suspense while Mr. Sillerton Jackson handed back Lawrence Lefferts's opera-glass. For a moment he silently scrutinised the attentive group out of his filmy blue eyes overhung by old veined lids; then he gave his moustache a thoughtful twist, and said simply: "I didn't think the Mingotts would have tried it on."
2
  zài zhè duǎn zàn de chāqǔ zhōng jiānniǔ lán · ā qiē 'ěr xiàn zhǒng guài de gān jìng
   tǎo yàn de shì yǐn zhe niǔ yuē nán xìng shì jiè quán zhù de bāo xiāng jìng shì wèi hūn jiù zuò de zuò zài qīn jiù zhōng jiān shí jìng rèn chū wèi chuānzhuó guó 30 nián dài zhuāng de shì xiǎng xiàng chū de chū xiàn wèishénme huì zài huì yuán zhōng yǐn de xīng fènjiē zhe míng bái guò láibìng suí zhī chǎn shēng zhèn fèn kǎidíquèméi yòu rén huì xiǎng dào míng jiā de rén huì bǎi chū zhè zhǒng jià shì
   rán 'ér men zhè yàng zuò liǎoháo men shì zhè yàng zuò liǎoyīn wéi 'ā qiē 'ěr shēn hòu shēng de píng lùn shǐ xīn zhōng méi yòu háo huái wèi nián qīng jiù shì méi · wéi lán de biǎo jiě wèi jiā rén zhí chēng zuò lián de 'āi lún · ào lán de biǎo jiěā qiē 'ěr zhī dào liǎng tiān qián rán cóng 'ōu zhōu huí lái liǎoshèn zhì hái tīng wéi lán xiǎo jiěbìng fēi mǎn shuō guò jīng kàn guò lián de 'āi lún liǎo zhù zài lǎo míng tài tài 'érā qiē 'ěr wán quán yōng jiā de tuán jié zuì chóng bài de míng jiā de pǐn zhī jiù shì men duì jiā zhōng chū de xiào de jiān jué zhī chí bìng shì xiǎo cháng wèi lái de méi yòu shòu dào jiǎ zhèng jīng de xiànnéng xiàshàn dài xìng de biǎo jiě hái wèicǐ gǎn dào gāo xīngrán 'érzài jiā tíng juàn nèi jiē dài 'ào lán jué rén shì huí shì dài dào gōng gòng chǎng suǒyóu shì yuàn zhè yàng de fāng shì wán quán tóng de lìng huí shìér qiě jiù zài wèi nián qīng niàn de bāo xiāng niǔ lán · ā qiē 'ěr de dìng hūn xiāo zhōu zhī nèi jiù yào xuān shì de de gǎn jué lǎo dùn · jié xùn yàng méi xiǎng dào míng jiā de rén huì bǎi chū zhè zhǒng jià shì
   dāng rán zhī dàonán rén gǎn zuò de rèn shì jiē fàn wéi zhī nèi), lǎo màn sēn · míng tài tài zhè wèi cháng gǎn zuò xiàng chóng bài zhè wèi gāo gāng de lǎo rénjìn guǎn yuán lái guò shì téng dǎo de kǎi lín · pài sàiyòu wèi shén de míng sǎo de qīn jiàn shì lùn jīn qián hái shì wèi nán ràng rén men wàng rán 'ér què yòu de míng jiā de lǐng tóu rén lián liǎo yīn liǎng 'ér jià gěi liǎowài guó rén”( hóu jué yīng guó yínháng jiā), bìng qiě zài zhōng yāng gōng yuán jìn chā de huāng jiàn liǎo suǒ bái shí tóu zhái yuànzhèng zhí zōng shā shí fǎng xiàng xià de cháng yàng qīng de shí hòu), cóng 'ér dào liǎo dēng fēng zào de
   lǎo míng tài tài de liǎng wài 'ér chéng liǎo shén huà shì men cóng huí lái kàn wàng qīn qīn liàn qiě shēn féi pàngxiàng duō xiǎng huó yuè zhì zhuān héng de rén yàng zhí guān liú zài jiā zhōngér chuáng bái de fáng shuō shì fǎng zhào guì de rén guǎn jiàn zào dequè chéng liǎo wèi jīng shén de jiàn zhèng zài miàn dēng shàng bǎo zuòpíng jìng shēng huó zài zhàn zhēng qián de jiā · lún gōng zhōng nián shí céng zài 'ér chū fēng tóude niàn pǐn zhōng jiānfǎng zhù zài 34 jiē běiyòng kāi xiàng mén yàng de shì chuāng dài tuī shì diào chuāng háo bùzúwèi guài de
   rén rénbāo kuò dùn · jié xùn xiān shēng zhì rèn wéilǎo kǎi lín cóng méi yōng yòu guò měi màoér zài niǔ yuē rén yǎn zhōngměi mào shì chéng gōng de bǎo zhèng zuò wéi mǒu xiē shī bài de jiè kǒu yǒu shàn de rén men shuōxiàng wèi yīng guó de tóng míng rén yàng huò chéng gōng kào de shì zhì liàng lěng xīn chángwài jiā zhǒng yóu shēng huó jué duì zhèng pài 'ér shǐ zài dìng chéng shàng miǎn zāo fēi de 'ào mànmàn sēn · míng xiān shēng shì de shí hòu zhǐ yòu 28 suìchū duì pài sài jiā de xìn rèn yòng tiáo jiā tiáo kuǎndòng jiéliǎo de chǎn wèi nián qīngguǒ gǎn de shuāng wèi zǒu zhe de shù hùn zài wài guó de shè jiāo jiè 'ér jià dào tiān zhī dào děng huà shí máo de juàn gōng jué shǐ men kāi huái chàng yǐn jiào huáng jiā qīn jiāo wǎngkuǎn dài yǎn yuánbìng zuò liǎo lěi míng mén zhī hòu 'ào rén de yǒu tóng shízhèng dùn · jié xùn shǒu xiān xuān de), guān de míng shēng què cóng méi yòu kǒu shézhè shì wéi diǎn zǒng shì jiē zhe shuō qián wèi kǎi lín de tóng zhī chù
   màn sēn · míng tài tài zǎo jiě dòng liǎo zhàng de cái chǎnbìng yǐnyǐn shí shí huó liǎo bàn shì zǎo nián kùn jìng de shǐ wài jié jiǎnsuī rán zài mǎi huò tiān zhì jiā shí zǒng shì guān zhào yào zuì hǎo dedàn què shěbùdé wéi cān zhuō shàng shùn jiān de xiǎng guò duō fèisuǒ yóu wán quán tóng de yuán yīn de fàn cài gēn 'ā qiē 'ěr tài tài jiā yàng chā de jiǔ néng wéi zhī zēng guāng tiān cǎiqīn men rèn wéi cān zhuō shàng de lìn sǔn hài liǎo míng jiā de míng héng héng xiàng shì chī jiǎng jiū lián zài derán 'ér rén men hái shì xiēpīn pán zǒu wèi de xiāng bìn dào jiā láizhēn duì 'ér luò 'ěr de quàn gào yōng niǔ yuē zuì hǎo de chú shī huī jiā de míng ), cháng cháng xiào zhe shuō:“ rán niàn mendōu jià chū liǎo yòu néng yòng tiáowèi pǐn jiā tíng yòng liǎng hǎo chú shī hái yòu shénme yòng?”
   niǔ lán · ā qiē 'ěr miàn chén zhe zhè xiē shì qíngyòu guāng zhuànxiàng liǎo míng bāo xiāng jiàn wéi lán tài tài de sǎo sǎo zhèng dài zhe lǎo kǎi lín xiàng rén guàn shū de zhǒng míng jiā yòu de shì miàn duì zhe chéng bàn yuán xíng de píng zhězhǐ yòu méi · wéi lán miàn fēi hóng yóu zhī dào zài kàn ), liú chū shì tài yán jùn de wèizhì yǐn sāo dòng de wèi rán yōu zuò zài bāo xiāng jiǎo luò liǎng yǎn níng shì zhe táiyóu shēn qián qīng jiān bǎng xiōng niǔ yuē shè huì guàn kàn dào de shāo shāo duō liǎo diǎnzhì shǎo zài xiē yòu yóu wàng yǐn zhù de shì men zhōng jiān shì
   zài niǔ lán · ā qiē 'ěr kàn láihěn shǎo yòu shénme shì pǐn wèixiāng bèi gèng nán kān de liǎopǐn wèi shì zhǒng kàn jiàn de shén yùn,“ zhǐjǐn jǐn shì zhí guān de dài dài biǎoào lán rén cāng bái 'ér yán de miàn kǒngàn de xiǎng xiàng shì shì zhè zhǒng chǎng de xìng chǔjìng dedàn de méi yòu lǐngcóng dān de jiān tóu xià de yàng shì què lìng zhèn jīng 'ān yuàn shè xiǎng méi · wéi lán shòu dào pǐn wèi qíng de nián qīng de yǐng xiǎng
  “ jiū jìng héng héng tīng dào shēn hòu nián qīng rén kāi kǒu shuōzài fěi suō de chǎng zhōng jiā shǐ zhì zhōng dōuzài jiāo tán),“ jiū jìng shēng liǎo shénme shì?”
  “ ò héng héng kāi liǎo shuí xiǎng fǒu rèn zhè diǎn。”
  “ shì de chù shēng shì ?” nián qīng rén jiē zhe shuō shì suǒ jiā zhōng wèi zhí shuài de rénxiǎn rán zhǔn bèi jiā wèi shì de huā shǐ zhě zhī liè
  “ zāo gāo tòu liǎo de jiā huǒ zài jiàn guò ,” láo lún · lāi quán wēi de kǒu shuō。“ lǎo bàn zuìcāng bái de miàn kǒng shàng chū xiào héng héng dàn nǎo dài dǎo hěn piào liàng guò yǎn jié máo tài duōō lái gào xíng shì gēn rén zài jiù shì shōu suǒ zhī duì liǎng zhě dōubù rèn dài jià。”
   zhè huà yǐn chū zhèn hōng táng xiào wèi nián qīng de huā shǐ zhě shuō:“ shì héng héng
  “ shì gēn de shū táo páo liǎo。”
  “ ō míng bái liǎo。” huā shǐ zhě de liǎn chén liǎo xià lái
  “ shìzhè bìng méi yòu chí duō jiǔ tīng shuō yuè hòu jiù zhù zài wēi xiāng xìn luò 'ěr · míng chū guó shì zhǎo de céng shuō fēi cháng kuài huóxiàn zài méi shì liǎo héng héng guò zài yuàn zhè yàng xuàn yào què lìng dāng bié lùn。”
  “ ,” wèi xiǎo suǒ mào xiǎn shuō,“ tài kuài huó liǎo huì yuàn rén bèi liàng zài jiā 。”
   zhè huà yǐn lái zhèn de xiào shēngnián qīng rén liǎn shēn hóngjié zhuāng chū shì xiǎng qiǎo miào shǐ yòng cōng míng rén suǒ shuō deshuāng guān de yàng
  “ héng héng guǎn zěn me shuō wéi lán xiǎo jiě dài lái zǒng shì lìng rén fèi jiě,” yòu rén qiāoqiāo shuō miàn xié shì liǎo 'ā qiē 'ěr yǎn
  “ ōzhè shì yùn dòng de chéng fēn kěn dìng shì lǎo zōng de mìng lìng,” lāi xiào zhe shuō。“ lǎo rén yào shì gān jiàn shìzǒng yào gānde wán quán chè 。”
   zhè jié shù liǎobāo xiāng zhèn biàn de sāo dòngniǔ lán · ā qiē 'ěr rán gǎn dào cǎi guǒ duàn xíng dòng yào zǒu jìn míng tài tài de bāo xiāng xiàng wàng zhōng de shè jiāo jiè xuān méi · wéi lán de dìng hūn xiāo bāng zhù guò biǎo jiě de cháng chǔjìng néng shǐ juàn rén de rèn kùn nánzhè chōng dòng měng rán jiān dǎo liǎo qiē chí shǐ cōng cōng chuān guò jié jié hóng zǒu lángxiàng yuàn jiào yuǎn de duān zǒu
   jìn bāo xiāng de shí hòu de yǎn jīng dào liǎo wéi lán xiǎo jiě de guāngér qiě xiàn míng bái liǎo de lái jìn guǎn jiā de zūn yán yǔn duì míng jiǎng héng héng liǎng réndōu rèn wéi zhè shì zhǒng hěn gāo shàng de měi men zhè juàn de réndōu shēng huó zài zhǒng hán 'ér shāo xiǎn jīn chí de fēn zhōngnián qīng rén jué yòng shuō huà jiù néng xiāng gōu tōngrèn jiě shì dōubù néng shǐ men gèng jiā tiē jìn de yǎn jīng zài shuō:“ míng bái wèishénme dài lái。” de yǎn jīng huí :“ lùn wǒdōu kěn ràng kāi zhè 'ér。”
  “ rèn shí de zhí 'ào lán jué rén ?” wéi lán tài tài wèi lái de shǒu shí wèn dàoàn zhào yǐn jiàn gěi shì de guànā qiē 'ěr qiàn méi yòu shēn chū shǒuāi lún · ào lán qīng qīng xià tóuliǎng zhǐ dài qiǎn shǒu tào de shǒu zhe yīng máo shàn luò 'ěr · míng tài tài guò zhāo héng héng shì kuài tóu de jīn rénchuān shēn suǒ zuò xiǎng de duàn qún héng héng zài wèi hūn de shēn bàng zuò xià shēng shuō:“ wàng jīng gào 'ào lán rén men dìng hūn liǎo xiǎng ràng měi réndōu zhī dào héng héng yào yǔn jīn wǎn zài huì shàng xuān 。”
   wéi lán xiǎo jiě de liǎn biàn chéng shǔ guāng bān de méi guī hóng liǎng yǎn guāng kàn zhe 。“ guǒ néng shuō de huà,” shuō,“ guò jīng dìng liǎo de shìgànmá yào gǎi biàn ?” méi yòu shuō huàzhǐ yòng yǎn jīng zuò liǎo huí xìn xīn gèng xiào zhe chōng shuō:“ gào biǎo jiě yǔn shuō hái shì hái de shí hòu cháng wán shuǎ。”
   xiàng hòu tuī liǎo tuīgěi ràng chū liǎo ā qiē 'ěr huái zhe zhǒng ràng quán chǎng de réndōu néng kàn jiàn de dòng de yuàn wàng shì wēi xìng zuò dào liǎo 'ào lán jué rén shēn biān
  “ men guò díquè cháng zài wán shì ?” wèn dào miàn yòng yán de guāng kàn zhe de yǎn jīng。“ shí shì hěn tǎo yàn de nán háiyòu zài mén hòu miàn wěn liǎo dàn shí 'ài shàng de què shì de táng xiōng fàn · niǔ lán cóng lái kàn yǎn。” de guāng sǎo shì zhe xiē xíng pái liè de bāo xiāng。“ āzhè chǎng miàn duō ràng huí xiǎng guò de qiē 'ā héng héng xiàn zhè rén réndōu chuān dēng lóng huò kuān sōng ,” dài zhe lüè wēi tuō cháng de guó kǒu yīn shuō guāng yòu huí dào de liǎn shàng
   zhè fān huà jìn guǎn biǎo de gǎn qíng shì lìng rén kuài dequè jìng rán shǐ xiǎng dào liǎo wēi yán de tíngzhè xiāngchèn de lián xiǎng lìng nián qīng rén gǎn dào zhèn jīngér shí zhè tíng jiù bǎi zài de miàn qián de 'àn zhèng zài jìn xíng shěn méi yòu shénme dōng shí de qīng shuài gèng yòu shāng liǎo yòu diǎn shēng yìng huí shuō:“ shì 'ā kāi zhè 'ér jīng hěn jiǔ liǎo。”
  “ āhǎo xiàng yòu hǎo bǎi nián liǎotài jiǔ liǎo,” shuō,“ ràng jué jīng liǎobèi mái diào liǎoér zhè fāng qīnqiè de jiù shì tiān táng。” shuō qīng shì shénme yóuniǔ lán · ā qiē 'ěr zhǐ jué zhè yàng xíng róng niǔ yuē shè huì jiù gèng jiā shī liǎo


  Newland Archer, during this brief episode, had been thrown into a strange state of embarrassment.
   It was annoying that the box which was thus attracting the undivided attention of masculine New York should be that in which his betrothed was seated between her mother and aunt; and for a moment he could not identify the lady in the Empire dress, nor imagine why her presence created such excitement among the initiated. Then light dawned on him, and with it came a momentary rush of indignation. No, indeed; no one would have thought the Mingotts would have tried it on!
   But they had; they undoubtedly had; for the low- toned comments behind him left no doubt in Archer's mind that the young woman was May Welland's cousin, the cousin always referred to in the family as "poor Ellen Olenska." Archer knew that she had suddenly arrived from Europe a day or two previously; he had even heard from Miss Welland (not disapprovingly) that she had been to see poor Ellen, who was staying with old Mrs. Mingott. Archer entirely approved of family solidarity, and one of the qualities he most admired in the Mingotts was their resolute championship of the few black sheep that their blameless stock had produced. There was nothing mean or ungenerous in the young man's heart, and he was glad that his future wife should not be restrained by false prudery from being kind (in private) to her unhappy cousin; but to receive Countess Olenska in the family circle was a different thing from producing her in public, at the Opera of all places, and in the very box with the young girl whose engagement to him, Newland Archer, was to be announced within a few weeks. No, he felt as old Sillerton Jackson felt; he did not think the Mingotts would have tried it on!
   He knew, of course, that whatever man dared (within Fifth Avenue's limits) that old Mrs. Manson Mingott, the Matriarch of the line, would dare. He had always admired the high and mighty old lady, who, in spite of having been only Catherine Spicer of Staten Island, with a father mysteriously discredited, and neither money nor position enough to make people forget it, had allied herself with the head of the wealthy Mingott line, married two of her daughters to "foreigners" (an Italian marquis and an English banker), and put the crowning touch to her audacities by building a large house of pale cream-coloured stone (when brown sandstone seemed as much the only wear as a frock-coat in the afternoon) in an inaccessible wilderness near the Central Park.
   Old Mrs. Mingott's foreign daughters had become a legend. They never came back to see their mother, and the latter being, like many persons of active mind and dominating will, sedentary and corpulent in her habit, had philosophically remained at home. But the cream- coloured house (supposed to be modelled on the private hotels of the Parisian aristocracy) was there as a visible proof of her moral courage; and she throned in it, among pre-Revolutionary furniture and souvenirs of the Tuileries of Louis Napoleon (where she had shone in her middle age), as placidly as if there were nothing peculiar in living above Thirty-fourth Street, or in having French windows that opened like doors instead of sashes that pushed up.
   Every one (including Mr. Sillerton Jackson) was agreed that old Catherine had never had beauty--a gift which, in the eyes of New York, justified every success, and excused a certain number of failings. Unkind people said that, like her Imperial namesake, she had won her way to success by strength of will and hardness of heart, and a kind of haughty effrontery that was somehow justified by the extreme decency and dignity of her private life. Mr. Manson Mingott had died when she was only twenty-eight, and had "tied up" the money with an additional caution born of the general distrust of the Spicers; but his bold young widow went her way fearlessly, mingled freely in foreign society, married her daughters in heaven knew what corrupt and fashionable circles, hobnobbed with Dukes and Ambassadors, associated familiarly with Papists, entertained Opera singers, and was the intimate friend of Mme. Taglioni; and all the while (as Sillerton Jackson was the first to proclaim) there had never been a breath on her reputation; the only respect, he always added, in which she differed from the earlier Catherine.
   Mrs. Manson Mingott had long since succeeded in untying her husband's fortune, and had lived in affluence for half a century; but memories of her early straits had made her excessively thrifty, and though, when she bought a dress or a piece of furniture, she took care that it should be of the best, she could not bring herself to spend much on the transient pleasures of the table. Therefore, for totally different reasons, her food was as poor as Mrs. Archer's, and her wines did nothing to redeem it. Her relatives considered that the penury of her table discredited the Mingott name, which had always been associated with good living; but people continued to come to her in spite of the "made dishes" and flat champagne, and in reply to the remonstrances of her son Lovell (who tried to retrieve the family credit by having the best chef in New York) she used to say laughingly: "What's the use of two good cooks in one family, now that I've married the girls and can't eat sauces?"
   Newland Archer, as he mused on these things, had once more turned his eyes toward the Mingott box. He saw that Mrs. Welland and her sister-in-law were facing their semicircle of critics with the Mingottian APLOMB which old Catherine had inculcated in all her tribe, and that only May Welland betrayed, by a heightened colour (perhaps due to the knowledge that he was watching her) a sense of the gravity of the situation. As for the cause of the commotion, she sat gracefully in her corner of the box, her eyes fixed on the stage, and revealing, as she leaned forward, a little more shoulder and bosom than New York was accustomed to seeing, at least in ladies who had reasons for wishing to pass unnoticed.
   Few things seemed to Newland Archer more awful than an offence against "Taste," that far-off divinity of whom "Form" was the mere visible representative and vicegerent. Madame Olenska's pale and serious face appealed to his fancy as suited to the occasion and to her unhappy situation; but the way her dress (which had no tucker) sloped away from her thin shoulders shocked and troubled him. He hated to think of May Welland's being exposed to the influence of a young woman so careless of the dictates of Taste.
   "After all," he heard one of the younger men begin behind him (everybody talked through the Mephistopheles- and-Martha scenes), "after all, just WHAT happened?"
   "Well--she left him; nobody attempts to deny that."
   "He's an awful brute, isn't he?" continued the young enquirer, a candid Thorley, who was evidently preparing to enter the lists as the lady's champion.
   "The very worst; I knew him at Nice," said Lawrence Lefferts with authority. "A half-paralysed white sneering fellow--rather handsome head, but eyes with a lot of lashes. Well, I'll tell you the sort: when he wasn't with women he was collecting china. Paying any price for both, I understand."
   There was a general laugh, and the young champion said: "Well, then----?"
   "Well, then; she bolted with his secretary."
   "Oh, I see." The champion's face fell.
   "It didn't last long, though: I heard of her a few months later living alone in Venice. I believe Lovell Mingott went out to get her. He said she was desperately unhappy. That's all right--but this parading her at the Opera's another thing."
   "Perhaps," young Thorley hazarded, "she's too unhappy to be left at home."
   This was greeted with an irreverent laugh, and the youth blushed deeply, and tried to look as if he had meant to insinuate what knowing people called a "double entendre."
   "Well--it's queer to have brought Miss Welland, anyhow," some one said in a low tone, with a side- glance at Archer.
   "Oh, that's part of the campaign: Granny's orders, no doubt," Lefferts laughed. "When the old lady does a thing she does it thoroughly."
   The act was ending, and there was a general stir in the box. Suddenly Newland Archer felt himself impelled to decisive action. The desire to be the first man to enter Mrs. Mingott's box, to proclaim to the waiting world his engagement to May Welland, and to see her through whatever difficulties her cousin's anomalous situation might involve her in; this impulse had abruptly overruled all scruples and hesitations, and sent him hurrying through the red corridors to the farther side of the house.
   As he entered the box his eyes met Miss Welland's, and he saw that she had instantly understood his motive, though the family dignity which both considered so high a virtue would not permit her to tell him so. The persons of their world lived in an atmosphere of faint implications and pale delicacies, and the fact that he and she understood each other without a word seemed to the young man to bring them nearer than any explanation would have done. Her eyes said: "You see why Mamma brought me," and his answered: "I would not for the world have had you stay away."
   "You know my niece Countess Olenska?" Mrs. Welland enquired as she shook hands with her future son- in-law. Archer bowed without extending his hand, as was the custom on being introduced to a lady; and Ellen Olenska bent her head slightly, keeping her own pale-gloved hands clasped on her huge fan of eagle feathers. Having greeted Mrs. Lovell Mingott, a large blonde lady in creaking satin, he sat down beside his betrothed, and said in a low tone: "I hope you've told Madame Olenska that we're engaged? I want everybody to know--I want you to let me announce it this evening at the ball."
   Miss Welland's face grew rosy as the dawn, and she looked at him with radiant eyes. "If you can persuade Mamma," she said; "but why should we change what is already settled?" He made no answer but that which his eyes returned, and she added, still more confidently smiling: "Tell my cousin yourself: I give you leave. She says she used to play with you when you were children."
   She made way for him by pushing back her chair, and promptly, and a little ostentatiously, with the desire that the whole house should see what he was doing, Archer seated himself at the Countess Olenska's side.
   "We DID use to play together, didn't we?" she asked, turning her grave eyes to his. "You were a horrid boy, and kissed me once behind a door; but it was your cousin Vandie Newland, who never looked at me, that I was in love with." Her glance swept the horse-shoe curve of boxes. "Ah, how this brings it all back to me--I see everybody here in knickerbockers and pantalettes," she said, with her trailing slightly foreign accent, her eyes returning to his face.
   Agreeable as their expression was, the young man was shocked that they should reflect so unseemly a picture of the august tribunal before which, at that very moment, her case was being tried. Nothing could be in worse taste than misplaced flippancy; and he answered somewhat stiffly: "Yes, you have been away a very long time."
   "Oh, centuries and centuries; so long," she said, "that I'm sure I'm dead and buried, and this dear old place is heaven;" which, for reasons he could not define, struck Newland Archer as an even more disrespectful way of describing New York society.
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