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Songs
  "Songs of the South," also known as "Chu Ci" is the great poet Qu Yuan, the Warring States period to create a verse. The use of Chu works (now lakes area) of the literary style, dialect, rhyme, Narrations Chu mountains figures, historical style, with strong local characteristics. Han Dynasty, the Liu Xiang to Qu Yuan and Song Yu, who works "inherit Qu Yuan," edited into a _set_ of works, called "Songs of the South." And become the "Book of Songs" after the far-reaching impact on China of a literary poetry collection.
  Chu, Chu its original meaning refers to the words, then gradually fixed in two meanings: First, the genre of poetry, one collection of poems in the name (and to some extent, also on behalf of the state of Chu literature.) From the poetry genre, it is represented by the late Warring States to the poet Qu Yuan in the Chu Guomin songs created on the basis of a new Poetry. From the total _set_ name, it is the basis of the Western Han Liu Xiang in the previous one featuring the "Songs of the South" the body of the poetry collection, revenue Warring States Chu Yuan, Song Yu's work, and Han Yi, Huainan hill, Zhuang Ji , Dongfang Shuo, Wang Bao, Liu Xiang Morohito imitation show works.
  In the Han Dynasty, also known as speech or Chu Fu. Western Han Dynasty, Liu Xiang to Qu Yuan, Song Yu, and Han Huainan hill work, Dongfang Shuo, Wang Bao, Liu Xiang, who inherited the imitation of Qu Yuan, Song Yu's works were compiled into a _set_ of 16, known as "Songs of the South." Chu Suiyou the name of a collection of poems. Since Qu Yuan's "Lament" is "Songs of the South" masterpiece, it is also known as Chu Sao Sao, or.
  Romantic Poetry Collection
  "Songs of the South" as China's first romantic poetry collection, poetry in the form of the song in the Chu Guomin formed the basis of processing, but also a large number of papers cited in the climate and natural resources and Chu dialect vocabulary, so called "Songs of the South" . "Songs of the South" is mainly the works of Qu Yuan, whose masterpiece is the "Lament", later is also called "Songs of the South" to "Sao." Western Han Dynasty,, Liu Xiang collect Qu Yuan, Song Yu, who works, compiled into a _set_. "Chu Ci" far-reaching impact on later literature, not only opened later Fu, and prose of history, is the creation of a positive source of romantic poetry.
  "Songs of the South" is the first romantic poetry collection is the main author of Chu Yuan. He created the "Lament", "Nine Songs" "Nine," "Heaven" and other immortal works. Under the influence of Qu Yuan, Chu has generated Yu, Donlar, King of Chu of the poor. The existing "Chu" total concentration, mainly the works of Qu Yuan and Song Yu; Donlar, King works most of the poor not passed down.
  Chu characteristics, Song Huang Bosi in the "Calibration Chu sequence," In summary: "cover all Sao Qu and Song, Chu language books are for Chu sound, recorded Chu, Chu things were, Gu can be described as the 'Songs' . "This statement is correct. Besides, "Chu Ci" Qu, Song works involved in the historical legends, myths, customs, Customs and the use of artistic means, rich lyrical style, all with a distinctive color of Chu culture. This is the basic characteristics of Songs, which are illuminated and the Central Plains culture, an important part of Chu culture.
  Chu Literature Collection
  Series Han Liu Xiang, Han Wang Yi Chapters. The original collection Chu Yuan, Song Yu and Han Huainan hill, Dongfang Shuo, Wang Bao, Liu Xiang Fu and others a total of sixteen, after the entry has been made by Wang Yi "Nine thinking", as seventeen. The book in the works of Qu Yuan, of which "Lament," "Nine Songs," "Heaven" and other articles of historical data preserved and more myths and legends, history of reference for governance. Qu Yuan (about 278 before the 339 ~ about before), were flat. Beginning left only grandson, Sam Lo doctor. Advocated exposing the result of the testimonies, the virtuous empowerment, Qi Gang Qin, vanilla and little children by huai Jin Shang et al traduce destroyed and dismissed. Hectare entered, the Qu Yuan was banished, he was unable to save Chu peril, and could not achieve a political ideal, then vote Miluo River died. "Lament" is a masterpiece of Qu Yuan. Political Lyrics in this magnificent performance of the ideal of progress, in order to achieve the ideal and the tireless struggle, and struggles and _set_backs encountered in their distress. Qu Yuan to express feelings is often cited by the history and find the lessons learned, "the Don, runs the risk of the system after three, the next sequence, Jie, Zhou, Yi, cast of lost, Ji-jun awareness, anti in the right way and also with yourself." Which history books in some places can be added to each other reference cards, such as "Lament," says: "Debate with Nine Nine Kai Xi, Xiakang longitudinal self-entertainment. despite the difficult figure after the fortune, five children with a loss of almost Wenjiaxiang. kinky tour to Yi Yi Tin Xi, and good shooting day closure Fox. Solid end the fresh turbulence Xi, Zhuo greedy husband Jue home. pouring body linen strong prince Yu Xi, lust and the bear. day of recreational self-forgetting Xi, Jue Britain's first meteorite with a husband . The often illegal Xi Xia Jie, Yan and every calamity is then. "Xia described in this section is very complete history, with" Zuo Zhuan "see each other, and make" Records of the summer of the Millennium, "speaks Yi, Zhuo of things omissions. In addition, from the "Li Sao" and on Xi, Wang Shu, Fei Lian, Hong Leong, Mi Fei's account can also be seen a glimpse of ancient myths and legends; and "Photo provided Zou Xi Chen on Mon, CD GY Wu dynasty" , is the research of ancient astronomy and calendar information.
  "Nine Songs" This is the ancient songs, the legendary XIA Qi stolen from the sky. Folk Ritual Songs of Qu Yuan in the creation of the basis of "Nine Songs", Xi Yong names of ancient songs, a total of eleven. God save them on the cloud, mountain, Xiang God, the river god, the sun god myths, etc., is the study of ancient Chu culture, folklore and valuable information.
  Historic Status
  Meanwhile, Chu Chu and the South and the North Central Plains culture and cultural product of the combination. After the Spring and Autumn has always been known as Jing Man, the increasingly powerful state of Chu. Its aspirations to the Central Plains, the process of hegemony princes frequent contact with the Northern countries, and promote a wide range of North-South cultural exchanges, Chu has also been a profound impact on the North Central Plains culture. It is this confluence of cultures north and south, gave birth to this great poet Qu Yuan and the "Songs of the South" This colorful great poems.
  "Songs of Chu" in Chinese poetry played an important role. It appears, breaking the "Book of Songs" after two or three centuries of silence in poetry shine. Future generations will therefore "The Book of Songs" and "Songs of the South" and called the Wind, show. Fifteen wind means the wind, on behalf of "The Book of Songs", full of realism; show that "Lament", on behalf of "Songs of the South", full of romantic atmosphere. Wind, show a classical Chinese poetry of realism and romanticism of the creation of two schools.
  Songs List
  Sao Nine Buju Fisherman Heaven IX excursion Evocation attracts the nine argued swear Hermits seven remonstrance cherish sorrow sigh when ordered nine nine nine pregnant thinking
  Nine Songs: East Huangtai a cloud Dongjun Jun Xiang Jun Xiang Fu Bo NPC Siming Siming Mountain Ghost little soul of the War Ceremony
  IX: Xi River of Sorrow chanting pumping Sihuaishasi beauty Xi Ying Ju Song sad old days return air
  Seven remonstrance: Chen Jiang blame the early release from the sad life thinking the world complain admonished Samuel said chaos
  Nine pregnant: Jun Zhao Wei Kuang machine access storage Buddha Ka Ying Sizhong said Tao Yongzhuzhaoluan
  Nine sigh: Every divergent thinking there anymore unfortunately passed away resentment Min Yin sorrows life's deep excursion
  Nine thinking: Every blame on the disease, especially the children of Benjamin on the world when Zaoe Mourning Mourning injured chaos chaos-year-old said Shouzhi
  Formation of Culture and Chu Chu
  Yellow River Basin with the Yangtze River as long ago gave birth to the ancient culture. After the national rise of Chu, a representative of the local culture. Later than the Shang Dynasty, Chu had a relationship with the northern regime; to the early Western Zhou Dynasty, is said to vend Bear had "sub-something King Wen" Later, they were as Yi Xiong Wang Feng in the Chu ("Chu family Historical Records"). It should be understood as the actual control of Chu Zhou Dynasty Jianghan region recognition. To the Spring and Autumn Period, Chu rapid development and expansion, mergers and the size of the Yangtze River in many nations, becoming enough to compete with the power of the Central Plains. Chuzhuang Wang is one of the Spring and Autumn Five Hegemons, once there take the Central Plains of the North blog. Warring States Period, Chu Yue and then swallowed, the forces of the West arrived in Hanzhong, east of the sea, all males in the Warring States, the territory's largest and most populous. Was a "cross the Qin Emperor, the king of longitudinal," saying, meaning Qin, Chu Erguo, the most likely of National Unification. Finally, the eradication of Qin Chu. But of Chu Fan Qin uprising, has become a major force to overthrow the Qin Dynasty. The establishment of the Han Dynasty, in a sense can be thought of Chu's victory. Qin, Han unification, and ultimately complete fusion of cultures north and south, has thus formed a great "Han."
  And Chu himself, unwilling to acknowledge the authority of weeks, when the royal family, often claimed: "I have barbarians." (See "Records of the Chu family")
  Chu culture than is generally believed that the Central Plains and cultural backwardness, not saying that absolutely right. Chu culture perhaps more than the Central Plains culture, the rise of late, but in the Spring and Autumn Period, Chu cultural backwardness, it is mainly manifested in the state system is not mature enough, especially for the maintenance of rule of order and hierarchy is far from the political and ethical thought and culture in North End secret. - So need to introduce the theory of Chu and books. Correspondingly, the original religion - the popularity of shamanism, but also can be seen as lagging behind the performance of Chu culture. But in other areas, not necessarily behind the Chu culture, and even far more than in many parts of the Central Plains culture. Understand this is very important for understanding the Chu.
  Should first be noted that economic conditions in the South than the North has certain advantages. "Geography" said Chu, "there are mountains of Jiang Han Chuanze Rao; south to Canton, or fire, water, hoe farming, people eat fish rice, fishing and hunting mountain cutting for the industry, the fruit Luo win clams, food often enough . " Youyu easier to make a living, it may have more manpower from the Danchun subsistence activities, inputs more complex the more advanced material production. So at least in the spring and later, Chu's financial and material resources have been significantly more than the North. "Zuo Zhuan" Ben Chu Kee Chong Er, right into the king said: "The children of instruments of peace, the king has the; feathers, leather gear, to grow wherever the king. Its spread to Jin who is also the king of Yu." Has to get a glimpse or two . According to historical records, the Warring States Chu is a lot of countries have gold. In recent years, archaeological excavations from the underground point of view, the Warring States period Chu bronzes, enough to represent the highest level of pre-Qin bronze smelting. As for the Chu lacquer ware, silk of the fine, and that the North can not be compared. Qu Yuan's "Evocation," Chu portrayed in a very luxurious pleasure palace scene, of course, must have a strong material foundation. The same as living in the south easier way too much, do not need to form a powerful collective force to overcome nature, to maintain life, so there is no formation of Chu as tight as the northern countries of the patriarchal political system. According to "Han Fei Zi," said Chu aristocrats always have a more independent force. This is Chu confrontation with the North may be a disadvantage. On the other hand, in this environment, individuals less suppressed by the collective and individual consciousness of corresponding to strong. Until the Han Dynasty, Chu rebellious character is still renowned. "Historical Records", "Han", you can find many examples.
  In conclusion, it should be said: The terms of the Warring States period, Chu culture and the Central Plains culture is indeed different characteristics, strengths. If the arts alone, the Chu culture is high achievement. Literature is one aspect of the art general. We have to be discussed in Chu, Chu culture is both out of the wonderful work the soil, and they represent the achievements of Chu culture. Chu Chu culture, especially the general characteristics of the art, such as a strong individual consciousness, intense emotional turmoil, fantasy and ornate forms, etc., are also present in the Songs of the South.
  Chu formation factor from the direct, first of all closely related with the songs of Chu. As mentioned earlier, developed Chu is a place where music and dance. Now from the "Songs" and other books can also see the names of many music Chu, such as "She Jiang", "Cailing", "labor-business", "Nine Debate", "Nine Songs", "Xie Lu," " spring, "" Snow "and so on. Songs in the existing, earlier the "Mencius" recorded "children songs", is said to Confucius, Chu Yu local children singing to hear:
  Zhen Qing Xi, I wash my tassels; Kaleidoscope cloud Come, I wash my feet.
  There are Liu Xiang, "said Court," contained in the "Song of Yue People", is said to be translated Yue Chu Sing Mariner's speech:
  Jinxi He Xi Xi, 搴 boat mid-stream. Come what day today, have the same boat with the Prince. Shame is a good fortune, not Zi sense of shame shame. Come a few heart trouble and not absolute, that the prince. Shan Xi wood with wooden sticks, Jun Xi Yue Jun heart I do not know.
  This very popular songs to the Qin dynasty Shihai. If Liu has "wind song" Xiang Yu as "Gaixia song." Its songs of different style and the Central Plains, the body is not neat four words, each sentence can be short and long end of the sentence or sentence in the multi-modal "Xi". These have become a significant feature of Chu.
  Han has "Odes, ancient poems are," said one (see Ban Gu "two Du Fu Xu"), when the Confucian classics in order to cling to, and taking into account the characteristics of Fu extravagant.
  Chu popular shamanism, but also penetrate the Ci, so that it has a strong mythic. According to historical records, when the Central Plains culture, shamanism has long been obvious color faded after the Chu in the south until the Warring States, monarch and his subjects are still down, "the letter Witchcraft, heavy prostitution Temple" ("Geography"). Grandson had been "Long rituals, things supernatural," and attempt to return the help by the spirits of Qin (see "Han Zhi Jiao Si"). More prevalent the witchcraft of the private sector. "Geography" and Wang Yi "guo", etc., the good witch Speaking Chu Renxin Temple, "The temple will sing, music, music inspired by the gods," the custom. This shows that in the era of Qu Yuan, Chu still immersed in the field of a singular imagination and the intense emotion of the myth of the world. Living in this cultural atmosphere of the Yuan, not only created a ritual of poems - "Nine Songs", and writing according to the word folk, "Evocation" and express their feelings in, they make extensive use of mythological material, galloping imagination, heaven into the earth, wandering Luhe Kyushu, gives a mysterious feel. Even the "Li Sao" This masterpiece of architecture, from the "Bu name", "submit", "first ring", "fugue" to "divination", "seance", are borrowed folk magic way.
  Of course, "do not have Qu Yuan, Qi see" Lament, "" ("Wenxindiaolong Lisao").
  Chu Chu is a product of culture, specifically, can not do without the creation of the great poet Qu Yuan.
  [Representatives]
  "Songs of the South," the representative figure of Qu Yuan (formerly 340? - 278 years before), first appeared in Chinese literature in the history of the patriotic poet. In "Songs of the South" in the beginning of the 16-volume, accounted for most of the works of Qu Yuan, a total of 8-volume collection of his poems more than 20 articles. Including "Lament," "Nine Songs" (11), "days to", "IX" (9), "excursion", "Buju", "Fisherman", "Evocation" and so on. Volume 8 other is Song Yu's "Nine Debate", King bad the "big move", and Han Jia Yi's "pity oath", Huainan hill "Hermits", Dongfang Shuo's "seven Remonstrance", Yan stir " When sad life, "Wang Bao's" Nine pregnant, "Liu Xiang's" Nine sighed, "and so on. Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi those compiled on the basis of "Songs of the South Annotations", increasing into the Jia Yi's "When the bird fu" and "hanging Qu Yuan Fu," two; deleting "seven Remonstrance", "Nine pregnant" and "Nine sighed," and other works Zhu Xi that these works lack the true thoughts and feelings. He also designated as the works of Qu Yuan, "Li Sao class", the other works to "continued Sao class", according to the original chapter in the order of numbered as Volume 8. Qu Yuan's works can be divided into two categories: one is the "Lament," "Nine" and wrote in political exile in the poetry and poetry; one category is "Nine Songs" as the representative poet festival songs and reflect the world, life The "Heaven." Qu Yuan's masterpiece "Lament" is one of the longest ancient romantic poems and poetry, is "Songs of the South," the representative works. As a result, the world called "Songs of the South" to "Sao Poetry" and the "Book of Songs" and that "the Book of Songs." "Lament" is a poet, was the second time in exile, full of "the letter and see the suspect, loyalty was slander," the grievance, the combination of Anger, written with emotion in his writings. This is the first poem of nearly 2500 words, describing the poet's life experience and aspirations, through the unremitting struggle of performance poets life and determination to put their lives the tragedy of martyrdom blog, reflecting the state of Chu in the integrity of the ruling class and the evil forces of the sharp struggle of two, Chu exposed the dark reality and the political crisis, expressed his unyielding fight for the nation and the people, to "die without regret" spirit.
  Synopsis
  "Songs of the South" in the "Lament," "Nine Songs", "Nine", "Heaven" and "Evocation" and a total of 23 chapters, the works of Qu Yuan (In addition, the works of Song Yu and others), the vast majority of the body of the poems of Chu, is that we now see, "Chu Ci" masterpiece. Chu Yuan's works are mainly based on folk literature, combined with their own life experience and political experience and write. Description "Nine Songs" features artistic expression.
  One. Qu Yuan, "Nine Songs" written in both the supernatural God, but God wrote "human" unity of divinity and humanity together. Such as "Xiang Jun", "Xiang Fu Man", the performance of mutual love Xiang pursuit of God has finally met the twists and turns do not change the state of mind. Writing between God and God, the love between God and man the story of the ritual songs of the world flavors with Lennon Lennon. II. The activities of gods and spirits Narrations emotion, depicting the gods of the environment and atmosphere, is a fresh quiet subtle realm.
  Description "Evocation" art features.
  One. Structural precision perfect. Layers of narration based on location and things rendering expression. II. Longer than the layout of tracing, for example, write it on the Quartet of terror, a list of many terrible things, but they depict the horrible image.
  Songs on the relative test elements of Syria.
  III. Chu Chu is full of description of scenery, the use of the genuine dialects such Chu. IV. Chu is the new era of North-South cultural environment, Chu was born in the new Poetry distinctive regional characteristics.
  Above, that Chu Chu is indeed a product of culture, with strong regional characteristics.
  On the Style of Chu.
  One. Words from the poetry, the layout of hyperbole, imaginative, is a common feature of Chu. Such as "Lament" is full of fantastic imagination informal, to express the layer into the truth over and over again.
  II. From the style statement, Chu than "Book of Songs", the size of a substantial increase, the sentence has four words into the length of the main informal, scattered mixed.
  III. To the language that the language of Chu Chu Chu multi-sound, Chu dialect words in large numbers, addition, "Xi", "more" word as a function word sigh language to become a striking symbol of Chu.
  On the "Li Sao" ideological content.
  One. "U.S. government" ideals and deep patriotic feelings. Qu Yuan's desire, "the former St." rule of the Ming Jun Chen Yin, monarch of the realm of harmony, that "the virtuous and the empowerment Come, follow Shengmo not quite" specific governing strategy. II. Nine refuses to regret pursuing the ideal of tough materials and abhorrence of evil in the critical spirit. Minister Qunqiergong nobility, persecuted Qu Yuan, Qu Yuan Ren, but do not give up his pursuit of political ideals and hard, "Li Sao" to write his heaven into the earth, seeking a way out, that he realized the pursuit of the ideal image portrayed. Critical spirit is his unswerving pursuit of the ideal light, but also directly expose the darkness to denounce crafty and fawning.
  On the "Li Sao" The main artistic characteristics.
  One. Strong passion and fantasy of the imagination. "Lament" Looking back the first half, recalling the life experience, vision and experience, is basically realistic, but those elaborate hyperbole than metaphor poem their own good qualities, has the characteristics of singular imagination; the latter half of the road for the future exploration of writing, even is the same as the strong fire of passion, loyalty deep patriotic feelings flowing through the Pentium, the imagination of heaven and earth erupted vividly. II. Pure clean, independent and unyielding lyrical hero image. Noble birth, noble ideals, Jun Jie pure, independent indomitable personality, and abnormal intense emotions, constitute the perfect lyric protagonist imagine a sight to behold, with symbolic significance, showing the essence of this lyric. III. Expansion than the metaphor. It is the "Book of Songs" fragments become lengthy Xing Xing poetry of continuous use, also "The Book of Songs" as the kind of metaphor, Metaphor separate simple metaphor combined. In the "Book of Songs," based on the development of focussed on the matter, child care, and lyrical performance practices, formed a well-known literature in the beauty care herbs traditional figurative techniques, far-reaching. IV. Structural characteristics. The poem revolves around the poet faithful to the homeland and the pursuit of high ideals of emotional refuses to regret the spirit of nine rules and layout of the. Recalling the first part of the history of real writing, the latter part of the realization of the ideals of exploration, virtual write. Five. Form and language features. Both the use of folk forms, but also learned the technique of writing prose, into a sentence length of the informal, casual language sentences rhyme and white of a new literary forms. "Lament," the latter half of the performance of activities of the poet's thoughts, questions and answers are often subjective and objective _set_, the layout of description. Language colorful, two-tone stacked rhyme abound.
  Of "the September debate," the artistic characteristics of extremely "Lament" thinking, artistic differences.
  One. "Nine debate" less than the ideological realm of "Li Sao" although it also has the chant from the noble and critical standard, exposing the darkness of political, but the mind sees the lack of Qu Yuan and the pursuit of that ideal of impassioned refuses to regret the spirit of the nine. The face of injustice of fortune, he retreated to preserve one's attitude, or even suspected of flattery Thanksgiving.
  II. Performance, "Nine Debate" Songs of the South may well be a fine. A. Longer than the layout of tracing, and create more harmony in portraying the mood. If at the beginning of that period of widespread transmission Chung text, rendering the chill autumn air Joseph Su, vegetation decline, thin mountain air, water, sky and clean air of the thinning of the King Kongkuo desolate and so on. Sense of the poet's sad fate was bleak autumn chill even more deeply strong contrast. B. Characterization of nuanced description. Fall on the branches withered leaves to write bad, from the leaves to the branches, from the shape to the color, subtle portrait of both real. C. "Nine Debate" phrase-making word is also laudable. Yun bulk phase, the length of informal, has caused mixed
Translated by Google
楚辞卷第一
  离骚经
  (屈原)
  离骚经者。屈原之所作也。屈原与楚同姓。仕于怀王。为三闾大夫。三闾之职。掌王族三姓。曰昭屈原景。屈原序其谱属。率其贤良以厉国士。入则与王图议政事。决定嫌疑。出则监察群下。应对诸侯。谋行职修。王甚珍之。同列大夫上官靳尚。妒害其能。共谮毁之。
  王乃疏屈原。屈原执履忠贞。而被谗邪。忧心烦乱。不知所愬。乃作离骚经。离。别也。骚。愁也。经。径也。言已放逐离别。中心愁思。犹依道径以风谏君也。故上述唐虞三后之制。下序乘纣羿浇之败。冀君觉悟。
  反于正道而还已也。是时秦昭王使张仪谲诈怀王。令绝齐交。又使诱楚。请与俱会武关。逐胁与俱归。拘留不遣。卒客死于秦。其子襄王。复用谗言。迁屈原于江南。原放在草野。复作九章。援天引圣。以自证明。终不见省。不忍以清白久居浊世。逐赴汩渊。自沉而死。离骚之文。依诗取兴。引类譬谕。故善鸟香草。以配忠贞。恶禽臭物。以比谗佞。灵修美人。以媲于君。宓妃佚女。以譬贤臣。虬龙鸾凤。以托君子。飘风云霓。以为小人。其词温而雅。其义皎而朗。凡百君子。莫不慕其清高。嘉其文采。哀其不遇。而愍其志焉。
  帝高阳之苗裔兮。朕皇考曰伯庸。
  摄提贞于孟陬兮。惟庚寅吾以降。
  皇览揆余初度兮。肇锡余以嘉名。
  名余曰正则兮。字余曰灵均。
  纷吾既有此内美兮。又重之以修能。
  扈江离与辟芷兮。纫秋兰以为佩。
  汩余若将不及兮。恐年岁之不吾与。
  朝搴阰之木兰兮。夕揽洲之宿莽。
  日月忽其不淹兮。春与秋其代序。
  惟草木之零落兮。恐美人之迟暮。
  不抚壮而弃秽兮。何不改此度。
  乘骐骥以驰骋兮。来吾道夫先路。
  昔三后之纯粹兮。固众芳之所在。
  杂申椒与菌桂兮。岂维纫夫蕙茞。
  彼尧舜之耿介兮。既遵道而得路。
  何桀纣之猖披兮。夫唯捷径以窘步。
  惟夫党人之偷乐兮。路幽昧以险隘。
  岂余身之惮殃兮。恐皇舆之败绩。
  忽奔走以先后兮。及前王之踵武。
  荃不察余之中情兮。反信谗而几齌怒。
  余固知謇謇之为患兮。忍而不能舍也。
  指九天以为正兮。夫唯灵修之故也。
  曰黄昏以为期兮。羌中道而改路。
  初既与余成言兮。后悔遁而有他。
  余既不难夫离别兮。伤灵修之数化。
  余既滋兰之九畹兮。又树蕙之百亩。
  畦留夷与揭车兮。杂杜衡与芳芷。
  冀枝叶之峻茂兮。愿俟时乎吾将刈。
  虽萎绝其亦何伤兮。哀众芳之芜秽。
  众皆竞进以贪婪兮。凭不猒乎求索。
  羌内恕己以量人兮。各兴心而嫉妒。
  忽驰骛以追逐兮。非余心之所急。
  老冉冉其将至兮。恐修名之不立。
  朝饮木兰之坠露兮。夕餐秋菊之落英。
  苟余情其信姱以练要兮。长顑颔亦何伤。
  揽木根以结茞兮。贯薜荔之落蕊。
  矫菌桂以纫蕙兮。索胡绳之纚纚。
  謇吾法夫前修兮。非世俗之所服。
  虽不周于今之人兮。愿依彭咸之遗则。
  长太息以掩涕兮。哀民生之多艰。
  余虽好修姱以鞿羁兮。謇朝谇而夕替。
  既替余以蕙纕兮。又申之以揽茞。
  亦余心之所善兮。虽九死其犹未悔。
  怨灵修之浩荡兮。终不察夫民心。
  众女嫉余之蛾眉兮。谣诼谓余以善淫。
  固时俗之工巧兮。偭规矩而改错。
  背绳墨以追曲兮。竞周容以为度。
  忳郁邑余侘傺兮。吾独穷困乎此时也。
  宁溘死以流亡兮。余不忍为此态也。
  鸷乌之不群兮。自前世而固然。
  何方圜之能周兮。夫孰异道而相安。
  屈心而抑志兮。忍尤而攘诟。
  伏清白以死直兮。固前圣之所厚。
  悔相道之不察兮。延伫乎吾将反。
  回朕车以复路兮。及行迷之未远。
  步余马于兰皋兮。驰椒丘且焉止息。
  进不入以离尤兮。退将复修吾初服。
  制芰荷以为衣兮。集芙蓉以为裳。
  不吾知其亦已兮。苟余情其信芳。
  高余冠之岌岌兮。长余佩之陆离。
  芳与泽其杂糅兮。唯昭质其犹未亏。
  忽反顾以游目兮。将往观乎四荒。
  佩缤纷其繁饰兮。芳菲菲其弥章。
  民生各有所乐兮。余独好修以为常。
  虽体解吾犹未变兮。岂余心之可惩。
  女嬃之婵媛兮。申申其詈予。
  曰鲧婞直以亡身兮。终然夭乎羽之野。
  汝何博謇而好修兮。纷独有此姱节。
  薋菉葹以盈室兮。判独离而不服。
  众不可户说兮。孰云察余之中情。
  世并举而好朋兮。夫何茕独而不予听。
  依前圣以节中兮。喟凭心而历兹。
  济沅湘以南征兮。就重华而敶词。
  启九辩与九歌兮。夏康娱以自纵。
  不顾难以图后兮。五子用失乎家巷。
  羿淫游以佚畋兮。又好射夫封狐。
  固乱流其鲜终兮。浞又贪夫厥家。
  浇身被服强圉兮。纵欲而不忍。
  日康娱而自忘兮。厥首用夫颠陨。
  夏桀之常违兮。乃遂焉而逢殃。
  后辛之菹醢兮。殷宗用而不长。
  汤禹俨而祇敬兮。周论道而莫差。
  举贤而授能兮。循绳墨而不颇。
  皇天无私阿兮。览民德焉错辅。
  夫维圣哲以茂行兮。苟得用此下土。
  瞻前而顾后兮。相观民之计极。
  夫孰非义而可用兮。孰非善而可服。
  阽余身而危死兮。览余初其犹未悔。
  不量凿而正枘兮。固前修以菹醢。
  曾歔欷余郁邑兮。哀朕时之不当。
  揽茹蕙以掩涕兮。沾余襟之浪浪。
  跪敷衽以陈辞兮。耿吾既得此中正。
  驷玉虬以乘鹥兮。溘埃风余上征。
  朝发轫于苍梧兮。夕余至乎县圃。
  欲少留此灵琐兮。日忽忽其将暮。
  吾令义和弭节兮。望崦嵫而勿迫。
  路曼曼其修远兮。吾将上下而求索。
  饮余马于咸池兮。总余辔乎扶桑。
  折若木以拂日兮。聊逍遥以相羊。
  前望舒使先驱兮。后飞廉使奔属。
  鸾皇为余先戒兮。雷师告余以未具。
  吾令凤鸟飞腾兮。继之以日夜。
  飘风屯其相离兮。帅云霓而来御。
  纷总总其离合兮。斑陆离其上下。
  吾令帝阍开关兮。倚阊阖而望予。
  时暧暧其将罢兮。结幽兰而延伫。
  世混浊而不分兮。好蔽美而嫉妒。
  朝吾将济于白水兮。登阆风而绁马。
  忽反顾以流涕兮。哀高丘之无女。
  溘吾游此春宫兮。折琼枝以继佩。
  及荣华之未落兮。相下女之可诒。
  吾令丰隆乘云兮。求宓妃之所在。
  解佩纕以结言兮。吾令蹇修以为理。
  纷总总其离合兮。忽纬繣其难迁。
  夕归次于穷石兮。朝濯发乎洧盘。
  保厥美以骄傲兮。日康娱以淫游。
  虽信美而无礼兮。来违弃而改求。
  览相观于四极兮。周流乎天余乃下。
  望瑶台之偃蹇兮。见有娀之佚女。
  吾令鸩为媒兮。鸩告余以不好。
  雄鸠之鸣逝兮。余犹恶其佻巧。
  心犹豫而狐疑兮。欲自适而不可。
  凤皇既受诒兮。恐高辛之先我。
  欲远集而无所止兮。聊浮游以逍遥。
  及少康之未家兮。留有虞之二姚。
  理弱而媒拙兮。恐导言之不固。
  世混浊而嫉贤兮。好蔽美而称恶。
  闺中既以邃远兮。哲王又不寤。
  怀朕情而不发兮。余焉能忍与此终古。
  索藑茅以筳篿兮。命灵氛为余占之。
  曰两美其必合兮。孰信修而慕之。
  思九州之博大兮。岂唯是其有女。
  曰勉远逝而无狐疑兮。孰求美而释女。
  何所独无芳草兮。尔何怀乎故宇。
  世幽昧以昡曜兮。孰云察余之善恶。
  民好恶其不同兮。惟此党人其独异。
  户服艾以盈要兮。谓幽兰其不可佩。
  览察草木其犹未得兮。岂珵美之能当。
  苏粪壤以充帏兮。谓申椒其不芳。
  欲从灵氛之吉占兮。心犹豫而狐疑。
  巫咸将夕降兮。怀椒糈而要之。
  百神翳其备降兮。九疑缤其并迎。
  皇剡剡其扬灵兮。告余以吉故。
  日勉升降以上下兮。求矩矱之所同。
  汤禹严而求合兮。挚咎繇而能调。
  苟中情其好修兮。又何必用夫行媒。
  说操筑于传岩兮。武丁用而不疑。
  吕望之鼓刀兮。遭周文而得举。
  宁戚之讴歌兮。齐桓闻以该辅。
  及年岁之未宴兮。时亦犹其未央。
  恐鹈鴃之先鸣兮。使夫百草为之不芳。
  何琼佩之偃蹇兮。众薆然而蔽之。
  帷此党人之不谅兮。恐嫉妒而折之。
  时缤纷其变易兮。又何可以淹留。
  兰芷变而不芳兮。荃蕙化而为茅。
  何昔日之芳草兮。今直为此萧艾也。
  岂其有他故兮。莫好修之害也。
  余以兰为何恃兮。羌无实而容长。
  委厥美以从俗兮。苟得列乎众芳。
  椒专佞以慢慆兮。樧又欲充夫佩帏。
  既干进而务入兮。又何芳之能祇。
  固时俗之流从兮。又孰能无变化。
  览椒兰其若兹兮。又况揭车与江离。
  惟兹佩之可贵兮。委厥美而历兹。
  芳菲菲而难亏兮。芬至今犹未沫。
  和调度以自娱兮。聊浮游而求女。
  及余饰之方壮兮。周流观乎上下。
  灵氛既告余以吉占兮。历吉日乎吾将行。
  折琼枝以为羞兮。精琼爢以为粻。
  为余驾飞龙兮。杂瑶象以为车。
  何离心之可同兮。吾将远逝以自疏。
  邅吾道夫昆仑兮。路修远以周流。
  扬云霓之暗蔼兮。鸣玉鸾之啾啾。
  朝发轫于天津兮。夕余至乎西极。
  凤皇翼其承旗兮。高翱翔之翼翼。
  忽吾行此流沙兮。遵赤水而容与。
  麾蛟龙使梁津兮。诏西皇使涉予。
  路修远以多艰兮。腾众车使径待。
  路不周以左转兮。指西海以为期。
  屯余车其千乘兮。齐玉轪而并驰。
  驾八龙之婉婉兮。载云旗之委蛇。
  抑志而弭节兮。神高驰之邈邈。
  奏九歌而舞韶兮。聊假日以偷乐。
  陟升皇之赫戏兮。忽临睨夫旧乡。
  仆夫悲余马怀兮。蜷扃顾而不行。
  乱曰。已矣哉。
  国无人莫我知兮。又何怀乎故都。
  既莫足与为美政兮。吾将从彭咸之所居。
楚辞卷第二
  九歌
  (屈原)
  九歌者。屈原之作也。昔楚国南郢之邑。沅湘之间。其俗信鬼而好祠。其祠必作歌乐鼓舞以乐诸神。屈原放逐。窜伏其域。怀忧苦毒﹐愁思沸郁。出见俗人祭祀之礼。歌舞之乐。其词鄙陋。因为作九歌之曲。上陈事神之敬。下见已之冤结。托之以风谏。故其文意不同。章句杂错。而广异义焉。
  东皇太一
  吉日兮辰良。穆将愉兮上皇。
  抚长剑兮玉珥。璆锵鸣兮琳琅。
  瑶席兮玉瑱。盍将把兮琼芳。
  蕙肴蒸兮兰藉。奠桂酒兮椒浆。
  扬枹兮拊鼓。疏缓节兮安歌。
  陈竽瑟兮浩倡。灵偃蹇兮姣服。
  芳菲菲兮满堂。五音纷兮繁会。
  君欣欣兮乐康。
  云中君
  浴兰汤兮沐芳。华采衣兮若英。
  灵连蜷兮既留。烂昭昭兮未央。
  蹇将憺兮寿宫。与日月兮齐光。
  龙驾兮帝服。聊翱游兮周章。
  灵皇皇兮既降。猋远举兮云中。
  览冀州兮有余。横四海兮焉穷。
  思夫君兮太息。极劳心兮忡忡。
  湘君
  君不行兮夷犹。蹇谁留兮中洲。
  美要眇兮宜修。沛吾乘兮桂舟。
  令沅湘兮无波。使江水兮安流。
  望夫君兮未来。吹参差兮谁思。
  驾飞龙兮北征。邅吾道兮洞庭。
  薜荔柏兮蕙绸。荪桡兮兰旌。
  望涔阳兮极浦。横大江兮扬灵。
  扬灵兮未极。女婵媛兮为余太息。
  横流涕兮潺湲。隐思君兮陫侧。
  桂棹兮兰枻。斫冰兮积雪。
  采薜荔兮水中。搴芙蓉兮木末。
  心不同兮媒劳。恩不甚兮轻绝。
  石濑兮浅浅。飞龙兮翩翩。
  交不忠兮怨长。期不信兮告余以不闲。
  晁骋骛兮江皋。夕弭节兮北渚。
  鸟次兮屋上。水周兮堂下。
  捐余玦兮江中。遗余佩兮醴浦。
  采芳洲兮杜若。将以遗兮下女。
  时不可兮再得。聊逍遥兮容与。
  湘夫人
  帝子降兮北渚。目眇眇兮愁予。
  袅袅兮秋风。洞庭波兮木叶下。
  白薠兮骋望。与佳期兮夕张。
  鸟萃兮苹中。罾何为兮木上。
  沅有茞兮醴有兰。思公子兮未敢言。
  荒忽兮远望。观流水兮潺湲。
  麋何食兮庭中。蛟何为兮水裔。
  朝驰余马兮江皋。夕济兮西澨。
  闻佳人兮召予。将腾驾兮偕逝。
  筑室兮水中。葺之兮荷盖。
  荪壁兮紫坛。播芳椒兮成堂。
  桂栋兮兰橑。辛夷楣兮药房。
  罔薜荔兮为帷。擗蕙櫋兮既张。
  白玉兮为镇。疏石兰兮为芳。
  芷葺兮荷屋。缭之兮杜衡。
  合百草兮实庭。建芳馨兮庑门。
  九嶷缤兮并迎。灵之来兮如云。
  捐余袂兮江中。遗余褋兮醴浦。
  搴汀洲兮杜若。将以遗兮远者。
  时不可兮骤得。聊逍遥兮容与。
  大司命
  广开兮天门。纷吾乘兮玄云。
  令飘风兮先驱。使涷雨兮洒尘。
  君回翔兮以下。逾空桑兮从女。
  纷总总兮九州。何寿夭兮在予。
  高飞兮安翔。乘清气兮御阴阳。
  吾与君兮斋速。导帝之兮九坑。
  灵衣兮被被。玉佩兮陆离。
  壹阴兮壹阳。众莫知兮余所为。
  折疏麻兮瑶华。将以遗兮离居。
  老冉冉兮既极。不寖近兮愈疏。
  乘龙兮辚辚。高驼兮冲天。
  结桂枝兮延伫。羌愈思兮愁人。
  愁人兮奈何。愿若今兮无亏。
  固人命兮有当。孰离合兮可为。
  少司命
  秋兰兮麋芜。罗生兮堂下。
  绿叶兮素枝。芳菲菲兮袭予。
  夫人自有兮美子。荪何以兮愁苦。
  秋兰兮青青。绿叶兮紫茎。
  满堂兮美人。忽独与余兮目成。
  入不言兮出不辞。乘回风兮载云旗。
  悲莫悲兮生别离。乐莫乐兮新相知。
  荷衣兮蕙带。倏而来兮忽而逝。
  夕宿兮帝郊。君谁须兮云之际。
  与女游兮九河。冲风至兮水扬波。
  与女沐兮咸池。晞女发兮阳之阿。
  望美人兮未来。临风恍兮浩歌。
  孔盖兮翠旍。登九天兮抚慧星。
  竦长剑兮拥幼艾。荪独宜兮为民正。
  东君
  暾将出兮东方。照吾槛兮扶桑。
  抚余马兮安驱。夜皎皎兮既明。
  驾龙辀兮乘雷。载云旗兮委蛇。
  长太息兮将上。心低佪兮顾怀。
  羌声色兮娱人。观者憺兮忘归。
  緪瑟兮交鼓。箫锺兮瑶虡。
  鸣箎兮吹竽。思灵保兮贤姱。
  翾飞兮翠曾。展诗兮会舜。
  应律兮合节。灵之来兮蔽日。
  青云衣兮白霓裳。举长夭兮射天狼。
  操余弧兮反沦降。援北斗兮酌桂浆。
  撰余辔兮高驼翔。杳冥冥兮以东行。
  河伯
  与女游兮九河。冲风起兮横波。
  乘水车兮荷盖。驾两龙兮骖螭。
  登昆仑兮四望。心飞扬兮浩荡。
  日将暮兮怅望归。惟极浦兮寤怀。
  鱼鳞屋兮龙堂。紫贝阙兮朱宫。
  灵何为兮水中。乘白鼋兮逐文鱼。
  与女游兮河之渚。流澌纷兮将来下。
  子交手兮东行。送美人兮南浦。
  波滔滔兮来迎。鱼邻邻兮媵予。
  山鬼
  若有人兮山之阿。被薜荔兮带女罗。
  既含睇兮又宜笑。子慕予兮善窈窕。
  乘赤豹兮从文狸。辛夷车兮结桂旗。
  被石兰兮带杜衡。折芳馨兮遗所思。
  余处篁幽兮。终不见天。
  路险难兮独后来。表独立兮山之上。
  云容容兮而在下。杳冥冥兮羌昼晦。
  东风飘兮神灵雨。留灵修兮憺忘归。
  岁既宴兮孰华予。采三秀兮于山间。
  石磊磊兮葛蔓蔓。怨公子兮怅忘归。
  君思我兮不得闲。山中人兮芳杜若。
  饮石泉兮荫松柏。君思我兮然疑作。
  雷填填兮雨冥冥。猿啾啾兮又夜鸣。
  风飒飒兮木萧萧。思公子兮徒离忧。
  国殇
  操吴戈兮被犀甲。车错毂兮短兵接。
  旌蔽日兮敌若云。矢交坠兮士争先。
  凌余阵兮躐余行。左骖殪兮右刃伤。
  霾两轮兮絷四马。援玉枹兮击鸣鼓。
  天时坠兮威灵怒。严杀尽兮弃原野。
  出不入兮往不反。平原忽兮路超远。
  带长剑兮挟秦弓。首身离兮心不惩。
  诚既勇兮又以武。终强兮不可凌。
  身既死兮神以灵。子魂魄兮为鬼雄。
  礼魂
  成礼兮会鼓。传芭兮代舞。
  姱女倡兮容与。春兰兮秋菊。
  长无绝兮终古。