首页>> 艺术在线>> 外国经典>> 儒勒·凡尔纳 Jules Verne   法国 France   法兰西第三共和国   (1828年2月8日1905年3月24日)
八十天环游地球 Around the World in Eighty Days
  《八十天环游地球》是凡尔纳一部引入入胜的小说,笔调生动活泼,富有幽默感。小说叙述了英国人福格先生因和朋友打赌,而在八十天克服重重困难完成环游地球一周的壮举。书中不仅详细描写了福格先生一行在途中的种种离奇经历和他们所遇到的千难万险,而且还在情节的展开中使人物的性格逐渐立体化。沉默寡言、机智、勇敢、充满人道精神的福格,活泼好动易冲动的仆人等等。作品发表后,引起了轰动,多次再版。
  《八十天环游地球》-作品内容
  
  在还没有飞机的19世纪70年代,当人们还以马车、雪橇、轮船、火车……作为代步工具的时候,要想在短短的八十天之内环球一周,怎能不让人惊叹和佩服。完成此举的这个人,就是费雷亚斯•福格。
  
  这件事就发生在1872年的伦敦。由于英国国家银行的一次失窃,福格和改良俱乐部的会友以两万英镑作为赌注,打赌可以在八十天里环游地球一周。为了证实这一推算的准确性,福格带着刚刚雇用的,绰号叫万事通的仆人立刻启程从伦敦出发,开始了这次不可思议的环球旅行。福格设想的旅行路线是这样的:乘火车先到苏伊士运河,在这里乘船到印度,然后坐火车横穿印度,来到中国的香港,再乘船到日本,接着到美国,坐火车穿过美国后,最后再回到伦敦。在此期间,他必须分秒不差地从一个地方赶到另一个地方,只有始终准确无误才能保证按时回来。
  
  这位性格冷僻、精确准时的绅士在旅途中遇到的事情:遭人跟踪、置身荒村无路可走、舍身救人、与恶僧对簿公堂、遭暗算误了轮船、遇风浪海上搏击、与仆人失散、勇斗劫匪、救仆人身赴险境、燃料告急海上经受考验、疑为窃贼海关被囚……几乎所有的意外和困难都被福格不幸遇到了,就算他临危不惧,冷静守时,他也无法预料旅途上所发生的所有的事情。更何况,还有一位名叫菲克斯的侦探始终跟在他身边不停地设置障碍,虎视眈眈一心想把他捉拿归案,其原因是他与警方描述的疑犯的外貌特征惊人地相似。然而,所有的困难都没有难倒福格,他总能在危难关头找到问题的解决办法,一次次神奇地化险为夷、摆脱困境:买大象穿越密林赶火车、英雄救美赢得美人心、花重金取保候审摆脱官司、高价雇航船渡海赴日本。机缘巧合与仆人重聚、英勇御敌战劫匪、坐雪橇穿越冰原、烧轮船解燃眉之急、消除误会重获自由……这是一位怎样的绅士呀!他的镇定自若、慷慨大方、勇敢机智和善良细心给每一个人都留下了深刻的印象;正是他身上的这些异乎寻常的优秀品质使他每次均能逢凶化吉、转危为安,最后胜利完成旅行;那个侦探则是一个意外卷入这次旅行中的特殊人物,他固执多疑、急功近利、精于算计,但却忠于职守,出于职责和贪心,他一路跟踪福格,被迫也进行了一次环球旅行。他想方设法处处给福格制造麻烦,阻止他顺利完成计划,但他的计谋却一次次落空;而那个叫万事通的法国小伙子则为这次旅行增添了不少笑料;他诚实勇敢、身怀绝技、正直善良,但却容易上当受骗,他既为主人化解了不少危机也为主人制造了不少麻烦,他的加入使这次旅行变得趣味横生;还有一位人物虽然话语不多,但却有着举足轻重的地位,她就是福格舍身搭救的阿妩达夫人,也是后来的福格夫人。她光彩照人、温柔高雅、善解人意,一直在福格身边从精神上支持他、鼓励他坚持到胜利。有了她的陪伴,这次环球之旅也变得浪漫多情和温情脉脉了。故事的结局当然是如人所愿:福格赢得了这次打赌,并且找到了他一生的伴侣。
  《八十天环游地球》-作者简介
  
  《八十天环游地球》儒勒•凡尔纳
  儒勒•凡尔纳(Verne•Jules1828-1905),法国最著名的科幻小说作家。出生于海港城市,自幼迷上航海,曾离家出走当水手,又被父亲找回,送到巴黎学习法律。他毕业后不愿做法官,却去剧院做了秘书,开始撰写剧本。凡尔纳热衷于各种科学新发现,也创作科幻小说打下扎实基础。1863年,出版《气球上的五个星期》,获得成功。此后40余年间笔耕不缀,几乎每年都有一两部新作问世,题材广泛。他的科学幻想小说的总名是《在已知和未知的世界中奇异的漫游》,简称《奇异的漫游》。
  
  主要作品:《八十天环游地球》、《底两万里》、《格兰特船长的儿女》、《环绕月球》、《神秘岛》、《世界主宰者》、《米歇尔•斯特罗哥夫》、《气球上的五星期》、《空中历险记》、《墨西哥的“幽灵”》、《佐奇瑞大师》、《牛博士》、《一个在冰雪中度过的冬天》、《征服者罗比尔》、《两年假期》、《从地球到月球》、《八十天环绕地球》、《奥兰情游》、《升D先生和降E小姐》、《隐身新娘》、《昂梯菲尔奇遇记》、《大海入侵》、《烽火岛》、《太阳系历险记》、《巴尔萨克考察队的惊险遭遇》、《哈特拉斯船长历险记》、《大木筏》、《喀尔巴阡古堡》、《金火山》、《鲁滨逊叔叔》、《多瑙河领航员》、《鲁滨逊学校》、《马丁•帕兹》《旅行基金》、《漂逝的半岛》、《桑道夫伯爵》、《黑印度》、《南非洲历险记》、《突破封锁》、《沙皇的邮件》、《印度贵妇的五亿法郎》、《小把戏》。
  《八十天环游地球》-作品主题
  
  《八十天环游地球》的叙事技巧并不复杂,福格的这次旅行其实是和侦探菲克斯的被动旅行同时平行展开的两条叙事线,这两条线既平行发展又交错交汇,交叉点就是故事的冲突点,也是故事的出彩之处。而万事通和阿妩达都是福格旅行这条线上的两个小分支,他们的故事为全文增色不少。每一次冲突都为故事掀起了一个小高潮,福格的每次遇险也都让人紧张万分,尤其是小说的最后一部分:就在福格眼看胜利在望的时候,他偏偏被关在海关,当他被放出来之后,耽误的时间已经太多,没有可能准时赶回伦敦了。读者都以为福格已经输掉这次打赌了,可谁都没有料到,万事通发现他的主人居然算错了日期,于是福格又出人意料地赢得了打赌。全文就是这样在一次又一次的意外中让读者体会到了惊险和刺激的。
  《八十天环游地球》-内容分析
  
  《八十天环游地球》是儒勒.凡尔纳一步引人入胜的小说。里边讲了一个英国人福克先生因和朋友打赌,在八十天内克服重重困难完成环游地球一周的壮举。书中不仅讲了他们所遇到的千难万险,而且在情节中体现出每个人的个性。沉着、机智、勇敢、冷静的福克和他活泼、好动、易冲动的仆人等等都给人留下了深刻的印象。
  
  福克先生到哪都是沉默不语的冷静态度,即使是错过了搭往美国的邮船浪费了他一天多的时间,还是在火车的铁轨上遇见了千百万匹牛群从轨道上穿过而耽误了3个多小时,他总是面无表情,就像他已经知道他自己一定会赢的一样。不过如果输了这个打赌就得赔掉两千万英镑——他所有的财产。一开始就讲福克先生是非常有生活规律的人,就像是个机器人,定了时间似的,总是一分不多一秒不差的做完他计划之内的事。当然这八十天环游地球也是他规定好的,前几天,他的行程的确跟本子上的计划一模一样,到达一个地点,他就拿出小本子,在上面写着,某月某日,到底哪里。
  
  可是世上没有不起浪的海,在一路上的天气变化,倒霉冲动但又绝对忠实的仆人路路通所造的麻烦和某些人为的成心破坏,使他们的路程总是没有他们所预计的完美。可不管多么糟糕的情况下,福克先生总是能冲出重围,总能有解决的办法。当然他都是靠他挥洒留下的大把大把的英镑。有他那么用巨大资金连眼皮都不眨一下的人,现实生活中应该是不会有的。
  
  最叫我惊心动魄的还是马上要回到纽约完成他八十天的环球任务去领大把大把钞票的时候,眼看就要到达纽约了,居然被一直跟在他们身边的探警费克斯当作银行抢劫犯抓了起来。时间一分一秒的流逝,眼看胜利就在眼前,却一下子成了泡影,福克先生脸上仍是没有一点表情。他心里真的一点不急吗?谁也不知道。
  
  当费克斯弄清了真相,连蹦带跳的跑进监狱放了福克时,福克只是两手一挥当作伸懒腰打了费克斯两拳,就急忙赶去纽约。可是,当他们到达楼钟下的时候,时针却指着8点50分,他们只晚了5分钟!
  
  福克知道自己已经一无所有了,但还有一件值得庆幸的事就是在他们旅途上救了一位艾娥达夫人,现在她就要成为他的妻子了。当路路通到教堂通知神甫的时候,却发现了一个惊人的消息,今天不是2月21号,是2月20号!他们整整早到了一天!可是福克到达伦敦的时候是2月20号,怎么会记错呢?
  
  原来是他们在这次旅途中不知不觉占了二十四小时的便宜。由于他这次旅行往东走,每当他们走过一条经线他们就会提前4分钟看到日出,整个地球一共分作三百六十度,用四分钟乘三百六十,结果正好是二十四小时。此时此刻,还不到5分钟,跟他打赌的会友正在俱乐部等他。
  
  俱乐部里的成员,包括所有到来的人们和记者摄影师都来到了现场。倒数一分钟里,第四十秒平安的过去了,到了第五十秒是平安无事!到了第五十五秒的时候,听到外面人声雷动,掌声,欢呼声,还夹杂着咒骂声,五位绅士都站了起来!到了第五十七秒,这千钧一发的时候,大厅的门被打开了,钟摆还没有来得及响第六十下,一群狂热的群众簇拥着福克冲进了大门。只见他沉静地说:“先生们,我回来了。
  《八十天环游地球》-作品评价
  
  凡尔纳的《八十天环游地球》故事生动幽默,妙语横生,又能激发人们尤其是青少年热爱科学、向往探险的热情,所以一百多年来,一直受到世界各地读者的欢迎。据联合国教科文组织的资料表明,凡尔纳是世界上被翻译的作品最多的十大名家之一。
  
  凡尔纳是一个非常优秀的通俗小说作家,有一种能够把自己的幻觉变得能够触摸的本领,其感觉是全方位的,从平淡的文学中传达出某种人类的热情。但凡尔纳的《八十天环游地球》中人物除了少数几个外都是一模一样的,他似乎塑造不出更重要的人物,人物都是脸谱化的简单的好人坏人,没有什么心理活动;从其作品人物性别单一化上还可看出他对女人的偏见,隐隐流露出深受其苦的心态。此外凡尔纳的作品中充满了明显的社会倾向,是一个爱国者(法国人最好)、民族解放主义者(支持被压迫民族斗争),在某种程度上是一个无政府主义者(从某些作品中表现出无秩序者),最后还是一个银河帝国主义者(有缔造宇宙帝国的欲望)。
  
  《八十天环游地球》里充满了知识,但他本人却是一名宇宙神秘主义者,对世界有一种神秘的崇拜。在他的小说中,有时候思考问题不够深刻,主题也常常重复。
  
  但总的来说,凡尔纳的尝试仍然是伟大的。正如1884年教皇在接见凡尔纳时曾说:“我并不是不知道您的作品的科学价值,但我最珍重的却是它们的纯洁、道德价值和精神力量。”
  
  结尾有点走到尽头苦尽甘来的感觉,福格先生花了毕生的钱打了一个赌,这个赌令他找到了他生命的另一半,而由于一个糊涂探长的糊涂行动使他失去了那些钱,在这样的情况下他还能乐观地面对生活,结局出乎意料他以时差赢得了那些奖金。这个结尾就足见凡尔纳的写作功力。
  《八十天环游地球》-BBC版本
  
  
  《BBC八十天环游地球 》
  海报海报
  
  【译名】BBC Around The World In 80 Days
  
  【集数】7CD
  【年代】2005年
  【国家】英国
  【片长】7小时
  【类别】纪录片
  【语言】英语
  【格式】XVID5 AC3
  【字幕】 (请点)英文字幕(请点)中文字幕
  
  【简介】: BBC王牌主持人,英国名喜剧演员Micheal Palin带您展开了另一次绚丽的80天旅途,一起周游世界。 与世界名著“环游世界八十天”相同旅程!环游世界旅行者必备的经典参考指南!你曾梦想环游世界吗?八十天内绕完地球一周,会是怎么样的奇幻刺激冒险?麦克尔·帕林自告奋勇要完成这一部纪录片(这辈子在这之前只有一次经验),跟时间赛跑,在全无剧本的情况下,踏上这段路程,所有的变化,毫无预警。这是前所未有的尝试』 ---麦可帕林威尼斯的垃圾船、在埃及被撞坏的计程车、横渡波斯湾的简陋小船、中国的蒸汽船、越过换日线的货柜船…… 麦克尔·帕林环绕世界一週的壮举,除了坐不完的船、上吐下泄,饥不择食的鸚鵡之外,更有著目不暇给的惊喜!!
  
  分集目录
  
  第1集 艰鉅挑战
  按照作著朱勒凡尔纳的路径,从伦敦由海路及陆路展开…
  第 2集 阿拉伯恐慌
  从苏伊士港到沙乌地港,这一切都得看阿拉的旨意了…
  第3集 古代水手
  古加拉特水手带领航行到印度孟买,但引擎却突然故障..
  第4集 惊险刮鬍
  在印度第一大城孟买当街刮鬍后,转辗前往马德拉斯…
  第5集 东方快车
  从新加坡港出发到香港之前在南中国海遇到三个颱风…
  第6集 深入远东
  航行到上海、横滨,在东京稍为休息后面对广大的太平洋..
  第 7集 从换日线到最后期限
  时间渐逼但他们得通过美国和太西洋回到起点…


  Around the World in Eighty Days (French: Le tour du monde en quatre-vingts jours) is a classic adventure novel by the French writer Jules Verne, first published in 1873. In the story, Phileas Fogg of London and his newly employed French valet Passepartout attempt to circumnavigate the world in 80 days on a £20,000 wager set by his friends at the Reform Club.
  
  Plot summary
  
  The story starts in London on October 2, 1872. Phileas Fogg is a wealthy English gentleman who lives unmarried in solitude at Number 7 Savile Row, Burlington Gardens. Despite his wealth, which is £40,000, Mr. Fogg, whose countenance is described as "repose in action", lives a modest life with habits carried out with mathematical precision. As is noted in the first chapter, very little can be said about Mr. Fogg's social life other than that he is a member of the Reform Club. Having dismissed his former valet, James Foster, for bringing him shaving water at 84° Fahrenheit instead of 86°, Mr. Fogg hires the Frenchman Passepartout, who is about 30 years old, as a replacement.
  
  Later, on that day, in the Reform Club, Fogg gets involved in an argument over an article in The Daily Telegraph, stating that with the opening of a new railway section in India, it is now possible to travel around the world in 80 days. He accepts a wager for £20,000 from his fellow club members, which he will receive if he makes it around the world in 80 days. Accompanied by Passepartout, he leaves London by train at 8:45 P.M. on October 2, 1872, and thus is due back at the Reform Club at the same time 80 days later, on December 21.
  Map of the trip
  The proposed schedule London to Suez rail and steamer 7 days
  Suez to Bombay steamer 13 days
  Bombay to Calcutta rail 3 days
  Calcutta to Hong Kong steamer 13 days
  Hong Kong to Yokohama steamer 6 days
  Yokohama to San Francisco steamer 22 days
  San Francisco to New York City rail 7 days
  New York to London steamer and rail 9 days
  Total 80 days
  
  Fogg and Passepartout reach Suez in time. While disembarking in Egypt, they are watched by a Scotland Yard detective named Fix, who has been dispatched from London in search of a bank robber. Because Fogg matches the description of the bank robber, Fix mistakes Fogg for the criminal. Since he cannot secure a warrant in time, Fix goes on board the steamer conveying the travellers to Bombay. During the voyage, Fix becomes acquainted with Passepartout, without revealing his purpose. On the voyage, Fogg promises the engineer a large reward if he gets them to Bombay early. They dock two days ahead of schedule.
  
  After reaching India they take a train from Bombay to Calcutta. About halfway there Fogg learns that the Daily Telegraph newspaper article was wrong – the railroad ends at Kholby and starts 50 miles further on at Allahabad. Fogg promptly buys an elephant, hires a guide and starts toward Allahabad.
  
  During the ride, they come across a suttee procession, in which a young Parsi woman, Aouda, is led to a sanctuary to be sacrificed by the process of sati the next day by Brahmins. Since the young woman is drugged with the smoke of opium and hemp and obviously not going voluntarily, the travellers decide to rescue her. They follow the procession to the site, where Passepartout secretly takes the place of Aouda's deceased husband on the funeral pyre, on which she is to be burned the next morning. During the ceremony, he then rises from the pyre, scaring off the priests, and carries the young woman away. Due to this incident, the two days gained earlier are lost but Fogg shows no sign of regret.
  
  The travellers then hasten on to catch the train at the next railway station, taking Aouda with them. At Calcutta, they can finally board a steamer going to Hong Kong. Fix, who has secretly been following them, has Fogg and Passepartout arrested in Calcutta. However, they jump bail and Fix is forced to follow them to Hong Kong. On board, he shows himself to Passepartout, who is delighted to meet again his travelling companion from the earlier voyage.
  
  In Hong Kong, it turns out that Aouda's distant relative, in whose care they had been planning to leave her, has moved, probably to Holland, so they decide to take her with them to Europe. Meanwhile, still without a warrant, Fix sees Hong Kong as his last chance to arrest Fogg on British soil. He therefore confides in Passepartout, who does not believe a word and remains convinced that his master is not a bank robber. To prevent Passepartout from informing his master about the premature departure of their next vessel, Fix gets Passepartout drunk and drugs him in an opium den. In his dizziness, Passepartout still manages to catch the steamer to Yokohama, but neglects to inform Fogg.
  
  Fogg, on the next day, discovers that he has missed his connection. He goes in search of a vessel that will take him to Yokohama. He finds a pilot boat that takes him and Aouda to Shanghai, where they catch a steamer to Yokohama. In Yokohama, they go on a search for Passepartout, believing that he may have arrived there on the original boat. They find him in a circus, trying to earn the fare for his homeward journey. Reunited, the four board a steamer taking them across the Pacific to San Francisco. Fix promises Passepartout that now, having left British soil, he will no longer try to delay Fogg's journey, but rather support him in getting back to Britain as fast as possible (to have him arrested there).
  
  In San Francisco they get on a trans-American train to New York, encountering a number of obstacles along the way: a massive herd of bison crossing the tracks, a failing suspension bridge, and most disastrously, the train is attacked and overcome by Sioux Indians. After heroically uncoupling the locomotive from the carriages, Passepartout is kidnapped by the Indians, but Fogg rescues him after some soldiers volunteer to help. They continue by a wind-powered sledge over the snowy prairie to Omaha, where they get a train to New York.
  
  Once in New York, and having missed departure of their ship (the China) by 35 minutes, Fogg starts looking for an alternative for the crossing of the Atlantic Ocean. He finds a small steamboat, destined for Bordeaux. However, the captain of the boat refuses to take the company to Liverpool, whereupon Fogg consents to be taken to Bordeaux for the price of $2000 per passenger. On the voyage, he bribes the crew to mutiny and take course for Liverpool. Against hurricane winds and going on full steam all the time, the boat runs out of fuel after a few days. Fogg buys the boat at a very high price from the captain, soothing him thereby, and has the crew burn all the wooden parts to keep up the steam.
  
  The companions arrive at Queenstown, Ireland, in time to reach London via Dublin and Liverpool before the deadline. However, once on British soil again, Fix produces a warrant and arrests Fogg. A short time later, the misunderstanding is cleared up—the actual bank robber had been caught three days earlier in Edinburgh. In response to this, Fogg, in a rare moment of impulse, punches Fix, who immediately falls to the ground. However, Fogg has missed the train and returns to London five minutes late, assured that he has lost the wager.
  
  In his London house the next day, he apologises to Aouda for bringing her with him, since he now has to live in poverty and cannot financially support her. Aouda suddenly confesses that she loves him and asks him to marry her, which he gladly accepts. He calls for Passepartout to notify the reverend. At the reverend's, Passepartout learns that he is mistaken in the date, which he takes to be Sunday but which actually is Saturday due to the fact that the party travelled east, thereby gaining a full day on their journey around the globe, by crossing the International Date Line. He did not notice this after landing in North America because the only phase of the trip that depended on vehicles departing less often than daily was the Atlantic crossing, and he had hired his own ship for that.
  
  Passepartout hurries back to Fogg, who immediately sets off for the Reform Club, where he arrives just in time to win the wager. Fogg marries Aouda and the journey around the world is complete.
  Passepartout and Fogg's Baggage
  
  Passepartout and Fogg carry only a carpet bag with only two shirts and three pairs of stockings each, a mackintosh, a travelling cloak, and a spare pair of shoes. The only book carried is Bradshaw's Continental Railway Steam Transit and General Guide. This contains timetables of trains and steamers. He also carried a huge roll of English banknotes-about twenty thousand pounds. He also left with twenty guineas won at whist, which he soon disposed of.
  Background and analysis
  
  Around the World in Eighty Days was written during difficult times, both for France and for Verne. It was during the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871) in which Verne was conscripted as a coastguard, he was having money difficulties (his previous works were not paid royalties), his father had died recently, and he had witnessed a public execution which had disturbed him. However despite all this, Verne was excited about his work on the new book, the idea of which came to him one afternoon in a Paris café while reading a newspaper (see "Origins" below).
  
  The technological innovations of the 19th century had opened the possibility of rapid circumnavigation and the prospect fascinated Verne and his readership. In particular three technological breakthroughs occurred in 1869-70 that made a tourist-like around-the-world journey possible for the first time: the completion of the First Transcontinental Railroad in America (1869), the linking of the Indian railways across the sub-continent (1870), and the opening of the Suez Canal (1869). It was another notable mark in the end of an age of exploration and the start of an age of fully global tourism that could be enjoyed in relative comfort and safety. It sparked the imagination that anyone could sit down, draw up a schedule, buy tickets and travel around the world, a feat previously reserved for only the most heroic and hardy of adventurers.
  
  Verne is often characterised as a futurist or science fiction author but there is not a glimmer of science-fiction in this, his most popular work (at least in English speaking countries). Rather than any futurism, it remains a memorable portrait of the British Empire "on which the sun never sets" shortly before its very peak, drawn by an outsider. It is also interesting to note that, as of 2006, there has never been a critical edition of Around the World in Eighty Days. This is in part due to the poor translations available of his works, the stereotype of "science fiction" or "boys' literature". However, Verne's works were being looked at more seriously in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, with new translations and scholarship appearing. It is also rather interesting to note that the book is a source of common notable English and extended British attitudes in quotes such as, "Phileas Fogg and Sir Francis Cromarty ... endured the discomfort with true British phlegm, talking little, and scarcely able to catch a glimpse of each other" as seen in Chapter Twelve when the group is being jostled around on the elephant ride across the jungle. Also seen in chapter Twenty-Five, when Phileas Fogg is insulted in San Francisco, and Detective Fix acknowledges that "It was clear that Mr. Fogg was one of those Englishmen who, while they do not tolerate dueling at home, fight abroad when their honor is attacked."
  
  It is interesting to note that The China's departure from New York on the day of Fogg's arrival there constitutes a minor flaw in Verne's logic, because Fogg had already crossed the Pacific without accounting for the International Date Line so his entire journey across North America was apparently conducted with an erroneous belief about the date and day of the week. Had The China sailed in agreement with the published steamer schedule used by Fogg, it would have departed a day later than Fogg expected, and he would have been able to catch it in spite of arriving what he thought was a few minutes late.
  
  The closing date of the novel, 22 December 1872, was also the same date as the serial publication. As it was being published serially for the first time, some readers believed that the journey was actually taking place — bets were placed, and some railway companies and ship liner companies actually lobbied Verne to appear in the book. It is unknown if Verne actually submitted to their requests, but the descriptions of some rail and shipping lines leave some suspicion he was influenced.
  
  Although a journey by hot air balloon has become one of the images most strongly associated with the story, this iconic symbol was never deployed in the book by Verne himself – the idea is briefly brought up in chapter 32, but dismissed, it "would have been highly risky and, in any case, impossible." However the popular 1956 movie adaptation Around the World in Eighty Days floated the balloon idea, and it has now become a part of the mythology of the story, even appearing on book covers. This plot element is reminiscent of Verne's earlier Five Weeks in a Balloon which first made him a well-known author.
  
  Following Towle and d'Anver's 1873 English translation, many people have tried to follow in the footsteps of Fogg's fictional circumnavigation, often within self-imposed constraints:
  
   * 1889 – Nellie Bly undertook to travel around the world in 80 days for her newspaper, the New York World. She managed to do the journey within 72 days. Her book about the trip, Around the World in Seventy-Two Days, became a best seller.
   * 1903 – James Willis Sayre, a Seattle theatre critic and arts promoter, set the world record for circling the earth using public transportation exclusively, completing his trip in 54 days, 9 hours, and 42 minutes.
   * 1908 – Harry Bensley, on a wager, set out to circumnavigate the world on foot wearing an iron mask.
   * 1984 - Nicholas Coleridge emulated Fogg's trip and wrote a book entitled Around the World in 78 Days about his experience.
   * 1988 – Monty Python alumnus Michael Palin took a similar challenge without using aircraft as a part of a television travelogue, called Michael Palin: Around the World in 80 Days. He completed the journey in 79 days and 7 hours.
   * 1993–present – The Jules Verne Trophy is held by the boat that sails around the world without stopping, and with no outside assistance in the shortest time.
   * 2009 - in Around the World in 80 Days twelve celebrities performed a relay version of the journey for the BBC Children In Need charity appeal. This featured a carpet bag.
  
  Origins
  
  The idea of a trip around the world within a set period had clear external origins and was popular before Verne published his book in 1872. Even the title Around the World in Eighty Days is not original to Verne. About six sources have been suggested as the origins of the story:
  
  Greek traveller Pausanias (c. 100 AD) wrote a work that was translated into French in 1797 as Voyage autour du monde ("Around the World"). Verne's friend, Jacques Arago, had written a very popular Voyage autour du monde in 1853. However in 1869/70 the idea of travelling around the world reached critical popular attention when three geographical breakthroughs occurred: the completion of the First Transcontinental Railroad in America (1869), the linking of the Indian railways across the sub-continent (1870), and the opening of the Suez Canal (1869). In 1871 appeared Around the World by Steam, via Pacific Railway, published by the Union Pacific Railroad Company, and an Around the World in A Hundred and Twenty Days by Edmond Planchut. Between 1869 and 1871, an American William Perry Fogg went around the world describing his tour in a series of letters to the Cleveland Leader, titled Round the World: Letters from Japan, China, India, and Egypt (1872). Additionally, in early 1870, the Erie Railway Company published a statement of routes, times, and distances detailing a trip around the globe of 23,739 miles in seventy-seven days and twenty-one hours.
  
  In 1872 Thomas Cook organised the first around the world tourist trip, leaving on 20 September 1872 and returning seven months later. The journey was described in a series of letters that were later published in 1873 as Letter from the Sea and from Foreign Lands, Descriptive of a tour Round the World. Scholars have pointed out similarities between Verne's account and Cook's letters, although some argue that Cook's trip happened too late to influence Verne. Verne, according to a second-hand 1898 account, refers to a Thomas Cook advertisement as a source for the idea of his book. In interviews in 1894 and 1904, Verne says the source was "through reading one day in a Paris cafe" and "due merely to a tourist advertisement seen by chance in the columns of a newspaper.” Around the World itself says the origins were a newspaper article. All of these point to Cook's advert as being a probable spark for the idea of the book.
  
  Further, the periodical Le Tour du monde (3 October 1869) contained a short piece entitled "Around the World in Eighty Days", which refers to "140 miles" of railway not yet completed between Allahabad and Bombay, a central point in Verne's work. But even the Le Tour de monde article was not entirely original; it cites in its bibliography the Nouvelles Annales des Voyages, de la Géographie, de l'Histoire et de l'Archéologie (August, 1869), which also contains the title Around the World in Eighty Days in its contents page. The Nouvelles Annales were written by Conrad Malte-Brun (1775—1826) and his son Victor Adolphe Malte-Brun (1816—1889). Scholars believe Verne was aware of either the Le Tour de monde article, or the Nouvelles Annales (or both), and consulted it — the 'Le Tour du monde even included a trip schedule very similar to Verne's final version.
  
  A possible inspiration was the traveller George Francis Train, who made four trips around the world, including one in 80 days in 1870. Similarities include the hiring of a private train and his being imprisoned. Train later claimed "Verne stole my thunder. I'm Phileas Fogg."
  
  Regarding the idea of gaining a day, Verne said of its origin: "I have a great number of scientific odds and ends in my head. It was thus that, when, one day in a Paris café, I read in the Siècle that a man could travel around the world in eighty days, it immediately struck me that I could profit by a difference of meridian and make my traveller gain or lose a day in his journey. There was a dénouement ready found. The story was not written until long after. I carry ideas about in my head for years – ten, or fifteen years, sometimes – before giving them form." In his lecture of April 1873 "The Meridians and the Calendar", Verne responded to a question about where the change of day actually occurred, since the international date line had only become current in 1880 and the Greenwich prime meridian was not adopted internationally until 1884. Verne cited an 1872 article in Nature, and Edgar Allan Poe's short story "Three Sundays in a Week" (1841), which was also based on going around the world and the difference in a day linked to a marriage at the end. Verne even analysed Poe's story in his Edgar Poe and His Works (1864).
  
  In summary either the periodical 'Le Tour du monde or the Nouvelles Annales, W. P. Fogg, probably Thomas Cook's advert (and maybe his letters) would be the main likely source for the book. In addition, Poe's short story "Three Sundays in a Week" was clearly the inspiration for the lost day plot device.
  Literary significance and criticism
  
  Select quotes:
  
   1. "We will only remind readers en passant of Around the World in Eighty Days, that tour de force of Mr Verne's—and not the first he has produced. Here, however, he has summarised and concentrated himself, so to speak ... No praise of his collected works is strong enough .. they are truly useful, entertaining, poignant, and moral; and Europe and America have merely produced rivals that are remarkably similar to them, but in any case inferior." (Henry Trianon, Le Constitutionnel, December 20, 1873).
   2. "His first books, the shortest, Around the World or From the Earth to the Moon, are still the best in my view. However, the works should be judged as a whole rather than in detail, and on their results rather than their intrinsic quality. Over the last forty years, they have had an influence unequalled by any other books on the children of this and every country in Europe. And the influence has been good, in so far as can be judged today." (Léon Blum, L'Humanité, April 3, 1905).
   3. "Jules Verne's masterpiece .. stimulated our childhood and taught us more than all the atlases: the taste of adventure and the love of travel. 'Thirty thousand banknotes for you, Captain, if we reach Liverpool within the hour.' This cry of Phileas Fogg's remains for me the call of the sea." (Jean Cocteau, Mon premier voyage (Tour du monde en 80 jours), Gallimard, 1936).
   4. "Leo Tolstoy loved his works. 'Jules Verne's novels are matchless', he would say. 'I read them as an adult, and yet I remember they excited me. Jules Verne is an astonishing past master at the art of constructing a story that fascinates and impassions the reader. (Cyril Andreyev, "Preface to the Complete Works", trans. François Hirsch, Europe, 33: 112-113, 22-48).
   5. "Jules Verne's work is nothing but a long meditation, a reverie on the straight line—which represents the predication of nature on industry and industry on nature, and which is recounted as a tale of exploration. Title: the adventures of a straight line ... The train.. cleaves through nature, jumps obstacles .. and continues both the actual journey—whose form is a furrow—and the perfect embodiment of human industry. The machine has the additional advantage here of not being isolated in a purpose-built, artificial place, like the factory or all similar structures, but of remaining in permanent and direct contact with the variety of nature." Pierre Macherey (1966).
  
  Adaptations and influences
  
  The book has been adapted many times in different forms.
  Theatre
  
   * A 1874 play written by Jules Verne and Adolphe d'Ennery at the Théâtre de la Porte Saint-Martin in Paris, where it was shown 415 times.
   * In 1946 Orson Welles produced and starred in Around the World, a musical stage version, with music and lyrics by Cole Porter, that was only loosely faithful to Verne's original.
   * A musical version, 80 Days, with songs by Ray Davies of The Kinks and a book by playwright Snoo Wilson, directed by Des McAnuff, ran at the Mandell Weiss Theatre in San Diego from August 23 to October 9, 1988. The musical received mixed responses from the critics. Ray Davies's multi-faceted music, McAnuff's directing, and the acting, however, were well received, with the show winning the "Best Musical" award from the San Diego Theatre Critics Circle.
   * In 2001, the story was adapted for the stage by American playwright Mark Brown. In what has been described as "a wildly wacky, unbelievably creative, 90-miles-an-hour, hilarious journey" this award winning stage adaptation is written for five actors who portray thirty-nine characters.
   * A stage musical adaptation premiered at the Fulton Opera House, Lancaster, PA in March 2007 with music by Ron Barnett, book and lyrics by Julianne Homokay, and direction by Robin McKercher.
  
  Films
  
   * A 1919 silent black and white parody by director Richard Oswald didn't disguise its use of locations in Germany as placeholders for the international voyage; part of the movie's joke is that Fogg's trip is obviously going to places in and around Berlin. There are no remaining copies of the film available today.
   * The best known version was released in 1956, with David Niven and Cantinflas heading a huge cast. Many famous performers play bit parts, and part of the pleasure in this movie is playing "spot the star". The movie earned five Oscars, out of eight nominations. This film was also responsible for the popular misconception that Fogg and company travel by balloon for part of the trip in the novel, which has prompted later adaptations to include similar sequences. See Around the World in Eighty Days (1956 film) for details.
   * 1963 saw the release of The Three Stooges Go Around the World in a Daze. In this parody, the Three Stooges (Moe Howard, Larry Fine, and Joe DeRita) are cast as the menservants of Phileas Fogg III (Jay Sheffield), great-grandson of the original around-the-world voyager. When Phileas Fogg III is tricked into replicating his ancestor's feat of circumnavigation, Larry, Moe, and Curly-Joe dutifully accompany their master. Along the way, the boys get into and out of trouble in typical Stooge fashion.
   * In 1983 the basic idea was expanded to a galactic scope in Japan's Ginga Shippu Sasuraiger, where a team of adventurers travel through the galaxy in a train-like ship that can transform into a giant robot. The characters are travelling to different planets in order to return within a certain period and win a bet.
   * The story was again adapted for the screen in the 2004 film Around the World in 80 Days, starring Jackie Chan as Passepartout and Steve Coogan as Fogg. This version makes Passepartout the hero and the thief of the treasure of the Bank; Fogg's character is an eccentric inventor who bets a rival scientist that he can travel the world with (then) modern means of transportation.
  
  TV
  
   * An episode of the American television series, Have Gun – Will Travel, entitled "Fogg Bound", had the series' hero, Palladin (Richard Boone), escorting Phileas Fogg (Patric Knowles) through part of his journey. This episode was broadcasted by CBS on December 3, 1960.
  
   * A 1989 three-part TV mini-series starred Pierce Brosnan as Fogg, Eric Idle as Passepartout, Peter Ustinov as Fix and several TV stars in cameo roles. The heroes travel a slightly different route than in the book and the script makes several contemporary celebrities part of the story who were not mentioned in the book. See Around the World in 80 Days (TV miniseries) for details.
  
   * The BBC along with Michael Palin (of Monty Python fame) created a 1989 television travel series following the book's path. It was one of many travelogues Michael Palin has done with the BBC and was a commercially successful transition from his comedic career. The latest series in a similar format was Michael Palin's New Europe in 2007.
  
   * Around the World in 80 Days, a six part 2009 BBC One show in which twelve celebrities attempt to travel the world in aid of the Children in Need appeal. This featured a carpet bag similar to one carried by Fogg and Passeportout.
  
  Animation
  
   * An Indian Fantasy Story is an unfinished French/English co-production from 1938, featuring the wager at the Reform Club and the rescue of the Indian Princess. It was never completed as a full feature film.
   * Around the World in 79 Days, a serial segment on the Hanna-Barbera show The Cattanooga Cats from 1969 to 1971.
   * Around the World in 80 Days from 1972 by American studio Rankin/Bass with Japanese Mushi productions as part of the Festival of Family Classics series.
   * A one-season cartoon series Around the World in 80 Days from 1972 by Australian Air Programs International. NBC aired the series in the US during the 1972-73 season on Saturday mornings.
   * Puss 'N Boots Travels Around the World, a 1976 anime from Toei Animation
   * A Walt Disney adaptation was produced in 1986. It featured Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck and Goofy as the main characters.
   * Around the World with Willy Fog by Spanish studio BRB Internacional from 1981 with a second season produced in 1993. This series depicts the characters as talking animals, and, despite adding some new characters and making some superficial modifications to the original story, it remains one of the most accurate adaptations of the book made for film or television. The show has gained a cult following in Finland, Britain, Germany and Spain. The first season is "Around the World in 80 Days", and the second season is "Journey to the Centre of the Earth" and "Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea"; all three books are by Jules Verne.
   * Tweety's High-Flying Adventure is a direct-to-video cartoon by Warner Brothers from 2000 starring the Looney Tunes characters. It takes a great many liberties with the original story, but the central idea is still there - indeed, one of the songs in this film is entitled Around the World in Eighty Days. Tweety not only had to travel the world, he had to also collect 80 cat pawprints, all while evading the constant pursuits of Slyvester. This movie frequently appears on various US-based cable TV networks.
   * "Around the World in 80 Narfs" is a Pinky and the Brain episode where the Brain claims to be able to make the travel in less than 80 days and the Pompous Explorers club agrees to make him their new president. With this, the Brain expects to be UK's new Prime Minister, what he considers back at that time, the fastest way to take over the world.
   * A Mickey Mouse episode shows the effort of Mickey to get around the world in 80 days with the help of Goofy. The cartoon made reference to the ending of the novel. They realise they have a day extra by hearing church bells on what they believe to be a Monday. This referenced the ending with the vicar in the church.
  
  Exhibitions
  
   * "Around the World in 80 Days", group show curated by Jens Hoffman at the ICA London 2006
  
  Cultural references
  
   * "Around the Universe in 80 Days" is a song by the Canadian band Klaatu, and makes reference to a spaceship travelling around the galaxy, coming home to find the Earth second from the Sun. It was originally included on the 1977 album "Hope", but also appears on at least two compilations.
   * There are at least four board games by this name.
   * Worlds of Fun, an amusement park in Kansas City, Missouri, was conceived using the novel as its theme. It uses the hot air balloon in its logo, and the park's layout is based on world geography.
  
  Argentinian avant-garde writer Julio Cortazar wrote in 1967 his book titled Around the Day in Eighty Worlds.
第一章 斐利亚·福克和路路通建立主仆关系
  1872年,白林敦花园坊赛微乐街七号(西锐登在1816年就死在这听住宅里),住着一位斐利亚·福克先生,这位福克先生似乎从来不做什么显以引人注目的事,可是他仍然是伦敦改良俱乐部里最特别、最引人注意的一个会员。
   西锐登是一位为英国增光的伟大的演说家,继承他这听房子的福克先生却是一位令人捉摸不透的人物。关于福克先生的底细,人们只知道他是一位豪爽君子,一位英国上流社会里的绅士,其他就一点也不清楚了。
   有人说他象拜伦——就是头象,至于脚可不象:他的脚并没有毛病,不过他的两颊和嘴上比拜伦多一点胡子,性情也比拜伦温和,就是活一千岁他大概也不会变样。
   福克确实是个道地的英国人,但也许不是伦敦人。你在交易所里从来看不到他,银行里也见不着他,找遍伦敦商业区的任何一家商行也碰不上他。不论在伦敦的哪个港口,或是在伦敦的什么码头,从未停泊过船主名叫福克的船只。这位绅士也没有出席过任何一个行政管理委员会。不论在律师公会中,不论在伦敦四法学会的中院、内院、林肯院、或是格雷院,都从未听到过他的名字。此外,他从来也没有在官法庭、女皇御前审判厅、财政审计法院、教会法院这些地方打过官司。他既不开办工厂,也不经营、农业;他既不是搞说合的掮客,又不是做买卖的商人。他既未加入英国皇家学会,也未参加伦敦学会;既不是手工业者协会的成员,也不是罗素氏学会的会员;西方文学会里没有他的位置,法律学会里也没有他的名字;至于那仁慈的女皇陛下直接垂顾的科学艺术联合会眼他也毫无瓜葛。在英国的首都,自亚摩尼卡学会一直到以消灭害虫为宗旨的昆虫学会,有着许许多多这样大大小小的社会团体,而福克先生却不是其中任何一个团日体的成员。
   福克先生就只是改良俱乐部的会员,瞧,和盘托出,仅此而已。如果有人以为象福克这样古怪的人,居然也能参加象改良俱乐部这样光荣的团体,因而感到惊讶的话,人们就会告诉他:福克是经巴林氏兄弟的介绍才被接纳入会的。他在巴林兄弟银行存了一笔款子,因而获得了信誉,因为他的账面上永远有存款,他开的支票照例总是“凭票即付”。
   这位福克先生是个财主吗?毫无疑问,当然是的。可是他的财产是怎样来的呢?这件事就连消息最灵通的人也说不出个究竟,只有福克先生自己最清楚,要打听这件事,最好是问他本人。福克先生从来不挥霍浪费,但也不小气吝啬。无论什么地方,有什么公益或慈善事业缺少经费,他总是不声不响地拿出钱来,甚至捐了钱,还不让人知道自己的姓名。
   总而言之,再也没有比这位绅士更不爱与人交往的了。他尽可能少说话,似乎由于沉默寡言的缘故,他的性格越显得稀奇古怪,然而他的生活是很有规律的,一举一动总是那样准确而有规律,老是一个样子。这就更加引起人们对他产生了奇怪的猜测和想象。
   他曾出门旅行过吗?这也很可能。因为在世界地理方面,谁也没有他的知识渊博,不管什么偏僻地方,他似乎都非常熟悉,有时他用简单明了的几句话,就澄清了俱乐部中流传的有关某某旅行家失踪或迷路的众说纷坛的流言。他指出这些事件的真正可能性,他好象具有一种千里透视的天资,事情的最后结果,一般总是证实了他的见解都是正确的。这个人理应是个到处都去过的人——至少在精神上他是到处都去过的。
   不管怎样,有一件事却是十分肯定的:多年以来,福克先生就没有离开过伦敦。那些比别人对他了解得稍微多一些的人也可以证明:除了看见他每天经过那条笔直的马路从家里到俱乐部去以外,没有人能说在任何其他地方曾经看见过他。
   他唯一的消遣就是看报和玩“惠司脱”,这种安静的娱乐最合于他的天性。他常常赢钱,但赢来的钱决不塞入自己的腰包。这笔钱在他做慈善事业的支出预算中,占一个重要部分,此外还必须特别提出,这位绅士显然是为娱乐而打牌,并不是为了赢钱。对他来说,打牌可以说是一场比武,是一场对困难的角力:但这种角力用不着大活动,也用不着移动脚步,又不会引起疲劳。这完全适合于他的性格。
   人们都知道福克先生没有妻子儿女(这种情况,对过分老实的人说来是可能的),也没有亲戚朋友(这种情况,事实上是极其少见的)。福克先生就是独自一个人生活在赛微乐街的寓所里,从来也没有看到有人来拜访他。关于他在家里的私生活,从来也没有人谈起过。他家里只用一个仆人。他午餐晚餐都在俱乐部里吃,他按时吃饭,就象钟表一般精确。他用餐的地方,老是在一个固定的餐厅里,甚至老是坐在一个固定的桌位上。他从没请过会友,也没招待过一个外客。晚上十二点正,他就回家睡觉,从没住过改良俱乐部为会员准备的舒适的卧室。一天二十四小时,他待在家里有十小时,要么就是睡觉,要么就是梳洗。他在俱乐部即便活动活动,也准是在那铺着镶花地板的过厅里,或是回廊上踱踱方步。这走廊上部装着蓝花玻璃的拱顶,下面撑着二十根红云斑石的希腊爱奥尼式的圆柱子。不论是晚餐午餐,俱乐部的厨房、菜肴贮藏柜、食品供应处、鲜鱼供应处和牛奶房总要给他送来味道鲜美、营养丰富的食品;那些身穿黑礼服、脚登厚绒软底鞋、态度庄重的侍者,总要给他端上一套别致的器皿,放在萨克斯出产的花纹漂亮的桌布上;俱乐部保存的那些式样古朴的水晶杯,也总要为他装满西班牙白葡萄酒、葡萄牙红葡萄酒或是掺着香桂皮、香蕨和肉桂的粉红葡萄酒;为了保持饮料清凉可口,最后还给他送来俱乐部花了很大费用从美洲的湖泊里运来的冰块。
   如果过这样生活的人就算是古怪,那也应该承认:这种古怪却也自有它的乐趣。
   赛微乐街的住宅并不富丽堂皇,但却十分舒适。因为主人的生活习惯永远没有变化,所以需要佣人做的事也就不多。但是福克先生要求他仅有的一个仆人在日常工作中一定要按部就斑,准确而又有规律。就在10月2日那一天,福克先生辞退了他的仆人詹姆斯·伏斯特,他被辞退的原因仅仅是:他本来应该替主人送来华氏八十六度剃胡子用的热水,但他送来的却是华氏八十四度的热水。现在伏斯特正在等候来接替他的新仆人。这人应该十一点到十一点半之间来。
   福克先生四平八稳地坐在安乐椅上,双脚并拢得象受检阅的士兵一样,两手按在膝盖上,挺着身子,昂着脑袋,全神贯注地看着挂钟指针在移动——这只挂钟是一种计时,计分,计秒,计日,计星期,计月,又计年的复杂机器。按照他每天的习惯,钟一敲十一点半,他就离家到改良俱乐部去。
   就在这时候,福克先生在小客厅里听到外面有人敲门。
   被辞退的那个詹姆斯·伏斯特走了进来。
   “新佣人来了。”他说。
   一个三十来岁的小伙子走了进来,向福克先生行了个礼。
   “你是法国人吗?你叫约翰吗?”福克先生问。
   “我叫若望,假使老爷不反对的话,”新来的仆人回答说,“路路通是我的外号。凭这个名字,可以说明我天生就有精于办事的能耐。先生,我自信还是个诚实人,但是说实在话我干过很多种行业了。我作过闯江湖的歌手,当过马戏班的演员,我能象雷奥达一样在悬空的秋千架上飞腾,我能象布龙丹一样在绳索上跳舞;后来,为了使我的才能更发挥作用,我又当过体育教练。最后,我在巴黎作班长,在这一段经历中,我还救过几场惊险的火灾呢。可是,到现在我离开法国已经五年了。因为我想尝尝当管家的生活滋味,所以才在英国当亲随佣人。如今我没有工作,知道您福克先生是联合王国里最讲究准确、最爱安静的人,所以就上您这儿来了,希望能在您府上安安静静地吃碗安稳饭,希望能忘记以往的一切,连我这个名字路路通也忘……”
   “路路通这个名字倒满合我的口味,”主人回答说,“别人已经向我介绍过你的情况。我知道你有很多优点。你可知道在我这里工作的条件吗?”
   “知道,先生。”
   “那就好,现在你的表几点?”
   路路通伸手从裤腰上的表口袋里掏出一只大银表,回答说:
   “十一点二十二分。”
   “你的表慢了,”福克先生说。
   “请您别见怪,先生,我的表是不会慢的。”
   “你的表慢了四分钟。不过不要紧,你只要记住所差的时间就行了。好吧,从现在算起,1872年10月2号星期三上午十一时二十九分开始,你就是我的佣人了。”
   说罢,福克先生站起身来,左手拿起帽子,用一种机械的动作把帽子往头上一戴,一声不响地就走了。
   路路通听到大门头一回关起来的声音:这是他的新主人出去了。不一会儿,又听见大门第二回关起来的声音:这是原先的仆人詹姆斯·伏斯特出去了。
   现在赛微乐街的寓所里只剩下路路通一个人了。


  IN WHICH PHILEAS FOGG AND PASSEPARTOUT ACCEPT EACH OTHER, THE ONE AS MASTER, THE OTHER AS MAN
   Mr. Phileas Fogg lived, in 1872, at No. 7, Saville Row, Burlington Gardens, the house in which Sheridan died in 1814. He was one of the most noticeable members of the Reform Club, though he seemed always to avoid attracting attention; an enigmatical personage, about whom little was known, except that he was a polished man of the world. People said that he resembled Byron--at least that his head was Byronic; but he was a bearded, tranquil Byron, who might live on a thousand years without growing old.
   Certainly an Englishman, it was more doubtful whether Phileas Fogg was a Londoner. He was never seen on 'Change, nor at the Bank, nor in the counting-rooms of the "City"; no ships ever came into London docks of which he was the owner; he had no public employment; he had never been entered at any of the Inns of Court, either at the Temple, or Lincoln's Inn, or Gray's Inn; nor had his voice ever resounded in the Court of Chancery, or in the Exchequer, or the Queen's Bench, or the Ecclesiastical Courts. He certainly was not a manufacturer; nor was he a merchant or a gentleman farmer. His name was strange to the scientific and learned societies, and he never was known to take part in the sage deliberations of the Royal Institution or the London Institution, the Artisan's Association, or the Institution of Arts and Sciences. He belonged, in fact, to none of the numerous societies which swarm in the English capital, from the Harmonic to that of the Entomologists, founded mainly for the purpose of abolishing pernicious insects.
   Phileas Fogg was a member of the Reform, and that was all.
   The way in which he got admission to this exclusive club was simple enough.
   He was recommended by the Barings, with whom he had an open credit. His cheques were regularly paid at sight from his account current, which was always flush.
   Was Phileas Fogg rich? Undoubtedly. But those who knew him best could not imagine how he had made his fortune, and Mr. Fogg was the last person to whom to apply for the information. He was not lavish, nor, on the contrary, avaricious; for, whenever he knew that money was needed for a noble, useful, or benevolent purpose, he supplied it quietly and sometimes anonymously. He was, in short, the least communicative of men. He talked very little, and seemed all the more mysterious for his taciturn manner. His daily habits were quite open to observation; but whatever he did was so exactly the same thing that he had always done before, that the wits of the curious were fairly puzzled.
   Had he travelled? It was likely, for no one seemed to know the world more familiarly; there was no spot so secluded that he did not appear to have an intimate acquaintance with it. He often corrected, with a few clear words, the thousand conjectures advanced by members of the club as to lost and unheard-of travellers, pointing out the true probabilities, and seeming as if gifted with a sort of second sight, so often did events justify his predictions. He must have travelled everywhere, at least in the spirit.
   It was at least certain that Phileas Fogg had not absented himself from London for many years. Those who were honoured by a better acquaintance with him than the rest, declared that nobody could pretend to have ever seen him anywhere else. His sole pastimes were reading the papers and playing whist. He often won at this game, which, as a silent one, harmonised with his nature; but his winnings never went into his purse, being reserved as a fund for his charities. Mr. Fogg played, not to win, but for the sake of playing. The game was in his eyes a contest, a struggle with a difficulty, yet a motionless, unwearying struggle, congenial to his tastes.
   Phileas Fogg was not known to have either wife or children, which may happen to the most honest people; either relatives or near friends, which is certainly more unusual. He lived alone in his house in Saville Row, whither none penetrated. A single domestic sufficed to serve him. He breakfasted and dined at the club, at hours mathematically fixed, in the same room, at the same table, never taking his meals with other members, much less bringing a guest with him; and went home at exactly midnight, only to retire at once to bed. He never used the cosy chambers which the Reform provides for its favoured members. He passed ten hours out of the twenty-four in Saville Row, either in sleeping or making his toilet. When he chose to take a walk it was with a regular step in the entrance hall with its mosaic flooring, or in the circular gallery with its dome supported by twenty red porphyry Ionic columns, and illumined by blue painted windows. When he breakfasted or dined all the resources of the club--its kitchens and pantries, its buttery and dairy--aided to crowd his table with their most succulent stores; he was served by the gravest waiters, in dress coats, and shoes with swan-skin soles, who proffered the viands in special porcelain, and on the finest linen; club decanters, of a lost mould, contained his sherry, his port, and his cinnamon-spiced claret; while his beverages were refreshingly cooled with ice, brought at great cost from the American lakes.
   If to live in this style is to be eccentric, it must be confessed that there is something good in eccentricity.
   The mansion in Saville Row, though not sumptuous, was exceedingly comfortable. The habits of its occupant were such as to demand but little from the sole domestic, but Phileas Fogg required him to be almost superhumanly prompt and regular. On this very 2nd of October he had dismissed James Forster, because that luckless youth had brought him shaving-water at eighty-four degrees Fahrenheit instead of eighty-six; and he was awaiting his successor, who was due at the house between eleven and half-past.
   Phileas Fogg was seated squarely in his armchair, his feet close together like those of a grenadier on parade, his hands resting on his knees, his body straight, his head erect; he was steadily watching a complicated clock which indicated the hours, the minutes, the seconds, the days, the months, and the years. At exactly half-past eleven Mr. Fogg would, according to his daily habit, quit Saville Row, and repair to the Reform.
   A rap at this moment sounded on the door of the cosy apartment where Phileas Fogg was seated, and James Forster, the dismissed servant, appeared.
   "The new servant," said he.
   A young man of thirty advanced and bowed.
   "You are a Frenchman, I believe," asked Phileas Fogg, "and your name is John?"
   "Jean, if monsieur pleases," replied the newcomer, "Jean Passepartout, a surname which has clung to me because I have a natural aptness for going out of one business into another. I believe I'm honest, monsieur, but, to be outspoken, I've had several trades. I've been an itinerant singer, a circus-rider, when I used to vault like Leotard, and dance on a rope like Blondin. Then I got to be a professor of gymnastics, so as to make better use of my talents; and then I was a sergeant fireman at Paris, and assisted at many a big fire. But I quitted France five years ago, and, wishing to taste the sweets of domestic life, took service as a valet here in England. Finding myself out of place, and hearing that Monsieur Phileas Fogg was the most exact and settled gentleman in the United Kingdom, I have come to monsieur in the hope of living with him a tranquil life, and forgetting even the name of Passepartout."
   "Passepartout suits me," responded Mr. Fogg. "You are well recommended to me; I hear a good report of you. You know my conditions?"
   "Yes, monsieur."
   "Good! What time is it?"
   "Twenty-two minutes after eleven," returned Passepartout, drawing an enormous silver watch from the depths of his pocket.
   "You are too slow," said Mr. Fogg.
   "Pardon me, monsieur, it is impossible--"
   "You are four minutes too slow. No matter; it's enough to mention the error. Now from this moment, twenty-nine minutes after eleven, a.m., this Wednesday, 2nd October, you are in my service."
   Phileas Fogg got up, took his hat in his left hand, put it on his head with an automatic motion, and went off without a word.
   Passepartout heard the street door shut once; it was his new master going out. He heard it shut again; it was his predecessor, James Forster, departing in his turn. Passepartout remained alone in the house in Saville Row.
第二章 路路通认为他总算找到了理想的工作
  路路通开始觉得有点儿奇怪,自言自语地说:“说真的,我在杜叟太太家里看见的那些‘好好先生’跟我现在的这位主人简直没有一点差别!”
   这儿应该交代一下:杜叟太太家里的那些“好好先生”是用蜡做的,在伦敦经常有很多人去欣赏。这种蜡人做得活象真的,就只差会说话罢了。
   路路通在刚才和福克先生见面的短短几分钟里,就已经把他这位未来的主人又快又仔细地观察了一番。看来这人该有四十上下,面容清秀而端庄,高高的个儿虽然略微有点胖,但是并不因此损及他翩翩的风采。金褐色的头发和胡须,光溜平滑的前额,连太阳穴上也看不到一条皱纹。面色净白,并不红润,一口牙齿,整齐美观。他的个人修养显然很高,已经达到了如相士们所说的“虽动犹静”的地步。凡是“多做事,少扯淡”的人所具有的特点他都有。安详,冷静,眼皮一眨不眨,眼珠明亮有神,简直是那种冷静的英国人最标准的典型。这种人在联合王国里是司空见惯的。昂·高夫曼的妙笔,常把他们画成多少带点学究气的人物。从福克先生日常生活看来,人们有一种印象,觉得这位绅士的一举一动都是不轻不重,不偏不倚,恰如其分,简直象李罗阿或是伊恩萧的精密测时计一样准确。事实上,福克本人就是个准确性的化身,这一点从他两只手和两只脚的动作上就可以很清楚地看出来。因为人类的四肢,和其他动物的四肢一样,本身就是表达感情的器官。
   福克先生是这样的一种人,生活按部就班,行动精密准确,从来不慌不忙,凡事总有准备,甚至连迈几步,动几动,都有一定的节制。福克先生从不多走一步路,走道总是抄最近的走。他决不无故地朝天花板看一眼,也不无故地做一个手势,他从来没有激动过,也从来没有苦恼过。他是世界上最不性急的人,但也从来没有因迟到而误过事。至于他生活孤独,甚至可以说与世隔绝,这一点,人们是会理解的。他觉得在生活中总要和别人交往,总会发生争执,这就会耽误事,因此,他从不与人交往,从不与人争执。
   提起若望,他又叫路路通,是个土生土长的道地的巴黎人。他在英国待了五年,一直在伦敦给人当亲随佣人。但他始终没有找到过一个合适的主人。
   路路通丝毫不是福龙丹、马斯加里勒那一流的人。他们只不过是些耸肩昂首、目空一切、装腔作势、瞪眼无情的下流痞子罢了,而路路通却不是那种人,他是个很正派的大小伙子,他的相貌很讨人喜欢。他的嘴唇稍微翘起,看来象是准备要尝尝什么东西,亲亲什么人似的。长在他双肩上的这个圆圆的脑袋使人们有一种和蔼可亲的感觉,他真是个殷勤而又温和的人。在他那红光满面的脸膛上有一双碧蓝色的眼晴。他的脸相当胖,胖得自己都能看到自己的颧骨。他身躯魁梧,肩宽腰圆,肌肉结实,而且力大非凡。他所以有这样健壮的体格,都是他青年时代锻炼的结果,他那棕色的头发总是乱蓬蓬的,如果说古代雕塑家懂得密涅瓦十八种处理头发的技艺,那么路路通却只懂得一种:拿起粗齿梳子,刷,刷,刷!三下,就完事大吉。
   不管是谁只要稍微考虑一下,都不会说这小伙子嘻嘻哈哈大大咧咧的性格会跟福克的脾气合得来。他是否有象主人所要求的那样百分之百的准确性呢?这只有到使唤他的时候才能看得出来。人们知道,路路通青年时代曾经历过一段东奔西走的流浪生活,现在他很希望稳定下来,好休息休息。他听到人家夸奖英国人有条有理一丝不苟的作风和典型的冷静的绅士气派,于是就跑到英国来碰运气了。可是直到目前为止,命运就是不帮他的忙,他在任何地方都扎不住根。他先后换了十家人家,这十家的人都是些性情希奇,脾气古怪,到处冒险,四海为家的人。这对路路通说来,是不合他的口味的。他最后的一位东家是年轻的国会议员浪斯费瑞爵士。这位爵士老爷晚上经常光顾海依市场的牡蛎酒吧,往往叫把他给背回来。路路通为了不失对主人的尊敬,曾经冒险向爵士老爷恭恭敬敬地提了些很有分寸的意见。可是结果爵士老爷大发雷霆,路路通就不干了。赶巧这时候,他听说福克先生要找一个佣人,他打听了一下关于这位绅士的情况,知道他的生活是十分规律化的,既不在外面住宿,又不出门旅行,连一天也没有远离过住宅。跟这个人当差,对路路通是太合适了。所以他就登门谒见了福克先生,把这件差事正如我们前面所说的那样谈妥了。
   十一点半敲过,赛微乐街的住宅里,只剩下路路通一个人。他马上开始把整个住宅巡视一番,从地窖到阁楼处处都跑遍了。看来这幢房子整齐、清洁、庄严、朴素,而且非常舒适方便。这一下子路路通可开心啦。这所房子对他来说就是个贴体舒适的蜗牛壳。但是这个蜗牛壳是用瓦斯照亮的,因为只用瓦斯就能满足这里一切照明和取暖的需要了。路路通在三楼上一点没有费事就找到了指定给他住的房子。这间房子挺合他的心意。里头还装着电铃和传话筒,可以跟地下室和二层楼的各个屋子联系。壁炉上面有个电挂钟,它跟福克先生卧室里的挂钟对好了钟点。两个钟准确地同时敲响,一秒钟也不差。
   “这太好了,我这一国可称心如意了!”路路通自言自语地说。
   他在自己的房间里看见一张注意事项表,贴在挂钟顶上。这是他每天工作的项目——从早上八点钟福克先生起床的时候开始一直到十一点半福克先生去俱乐部吃午饭为止——所有的工作细节:八点二十三分送茶和烤面包,九点三十六分送刮胡子的热水,九点四十分理发……然后从上午十一点半一直到夜间十二点——这位有条不紊的绅士睡觉的时候,所有该做的事,统统都写在上面,交代得清清楚楚。路路通高高兴兴地把这张工作表细细地琢磨了一番。并把各种该做的事都牢牢地记在心上。
   福克先生的衣柜里面装得满满的,各种服装都有,简直是应有尽有。每一条裤子,每一件上衣,甚至每一件背心,都标上一个按次排列的号码。这些号码同样又写在取用和收藏衣物的登记簿上。随着季节的更替,登记簿上还注明:哪天该轮到穿哪一套衣服,就连穿什么鞋子,也同样有一套严格的规定。
   总之,赛微乐街的这所房子,在那位大名鼎鼎、放荡不羁的西锐登住在这里的时代,是个乌七八糟的地方,如今陈设得非常幽美,叫人一看就有轻松愉快的感觉。这儿没有藏书室,甚至连书也没有一本。这一点对福克先生说来没有必要,因为俱乐部里有两个图书馆,一个是文艺书籍图书馆,另一个是法律和书籍图书馆,都可供他随意阅览。在他卧室里面,有个不大不小的保险柜,制造得非常坚固,既能防火,又可防贼。在他住宅里面,绝无武器,无论是打猎用的,或者是打仗用的,统统没有。这里的一切都标志着主人的好静的性格。
   路路通把这所住宅仔仔细细地察看一番之后,他情不自禁地搓着双手,宽宽的脸膛上露出洋洋得意的笑容,于是左一遍右一遍兴高采烈地说:
   “这太好了,这正是我的差事,福克先生跟我,我们俩准会合得来。他是一个不爱出去走动的人,他作事一板一眼活象一架机器!妙呀!伺候一架机器,我是没有什么抱怨的了。”


  IN WHICH PASSEPARTOUT IS CONVINCED THAT HE HAS AT LAST FOUND HIS IDEAL
   "Faith," muttered Passepartout, somewhat flurried, "I've seen people at Madame Tussaud's as lively as my new master!"
   Madame Tussaud's "people," let it be said, are of wax, and are much visited in London; speech is all that is wanting to make them human.
   During his brief interview with Mr. Fogg, Passepartout had been carefully observing him. He appeared to be a man about forty years of age, with fine, handsome features, and a tall, well-shaped figure; his hair and whiskers were light, his forehead compact and unwrinkled, his face rather pale, his teeth magnificent. His countenance possessed in the highest degree what physiognomists call "repose in action," a quality of those who act rather than talk. Calm and phlegmatic, with a clear eye, Mr. Fogg seemed a perfect type of that English composure which Angelica Kauffmann has so skilfully represented on canvas. Seen in the various phases of his daily life, he gave the idea of being perfectly well-balanced, as exactly regulated as a Leroy chronometer. Phileas Fogg was, indeed, exactitude personified, and this was betrayed even in the expression of his very hands and feet; for in men, as well as in animals, the limbs themselves are expressive of the passions.
   He was so exact that he was never in a hurry, was always ready, and was economical alike of his steps and his motions. He never took one step too many, and always went to his destination by the shortest cut; he made no superfluous gestures, and was never seen to be moved or agitated. He was the most deliberate person in the world, yet always reached his destination at the exact moment.
   He lived alone, and, so to speak, outside of every social relation; and as he knew that in this world account must be taken of friction, and that friction retards, he never rubbed against anybody.
   As for Passepartout, he was a true Parisian of Paris. Since he had abandoned his own country for England, taking service as a valet, he had in vain searched for a master after his own heart. Passepartout was by no means one of those pert dunces depicted by Moliere with a bold gaze and a nose held high in the air; he was an honest fellow, with a pleasant face, lips a trifle protruding, soft-mannered and serviceable, with a good round head, such as one likes to see on the shoulders of a friend. His eyes were blue, his complexion rubicund, his figure almost portly and well-built, his body muscular, and his physical powers fully developed by the exercises of his younger days. His brown hair was somewhat tumbled; for, while the ancient sculptors are said to have known eighteen methods of arranging Minerva's tresses, Passepartout was familiar with but one of dressing his own: three strokes of a large-tooth comb completed his toilet.
   It would be rash to predict how Passepartout's lively nature would agree with Mr. Fogg. It was impossible to tell whether the new servant would turn out as absolutely methodical as his master required; experience alone could solve the question. Passepartout had been a sort of vagrant in his early years, and now yearned for repose; but so far he had failed to find it, though he had already served in ten English houses. But he could not take root in any of these; with chagrin, he found his masters invariably whimsical and irregular, constantly running about the country, or on the look-out for adventure. His last master, young Lord Longferry, Member of Parliament, after passing his nights in the Haymarket taverns, was too often brought home in the morning on policemen's shoulders. Passepartout, desirous of respecting the gentleman whom he served, ventured a mild remonstrance on such conduct; which, being ill-received, he took his leave. Hearing that Mr. Phileas Fogg was looking for a servant, and that his life was one of unbroken regularity, that he neither travelled nor stayed from home overnight, he felt sure that this would be the place he was after. He presented himself, and was accepted, as has been seen.
   At half-past eleven, then, Passepartout found himself alone in the house in Saville Row. He begun its inspection without delay, scouring it from cellar to garret. So clean, well-arranged, solemn a mansion pleased him ; it seemed to him like a snail's shell, lighted and warmed by gas, which sufficed for both these purposes. When Passepartout reached the second story he recognised at once the room which he was to inhabit, and he was well satisfied with it. Electric bells and speaking-tubes afforded communication with the lower stories; while on the mantel stood an electric clock, precisely like that in Mr. Fogg's bedchamber, both beating the same second at the same instant. "That's good, that'll do," said Passepartout to himself.
   He suddenly observed, hung over the clock, a card which, upon inspection, proved to be a programme of the daily routine of the house. It comprised all that was required of the servant, from eight in the morning, exactly at which hour Phileas Fogg rose, till half-past eleven, when he left the house for the Reform Club--all the details of service, the tea and toast at twenty-three minutes past eight, the shaving-water at thirty-seven minutes past nine, and the toilet at twenty minutes before ten. Everything was regulated and foreseen that was to be done from half-past eleven a.m. till midnight, the hour at which the methodical gentleman retired.
   Mr. Fogg's wardrobe was amply supplied and in the best taste. Each pair of trousers, coat, and vest bore a number, indicating the time of year and season at which they were in turn to be laid out for wearing; and the same system was applied to the master's shoes. In short, the house in Saville Row, which must have been a very temple of disorder and unrest under the illustrious but dissipated Sheridan, was cosiness, comfort, and method idealised. There was no study, nor were there books, which would have been quite useless to Mr. Fogg; for at the Reform two libraries, one of general literature and the other of law and politics, were at his service. A moderate-sized safe stood in his bedroom, constructed so as to defy fire as well as burglars; but Passepartout found neither arms nor hunting weapons anywhere; everything betrayed the most tranquil and peaceable habits.
   Having scrutinised the house from top to bottom, he rubbed his hands, a broad smile overspread his features, and he said joyfully, "This is just what I wanted! Ah, we shall get on together, Mr. Fogg and I! What a domestic and regular gentleman! A real machine; well, I don't mind serving a machine."
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