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评论 – 戴望舒〈雨巷〉中的象征
魏鵬展
秀才


Joined: 14 Apr 2009
Posts: 606
Location: Hong Kong 香港
魏鵬展Collection
PostPosted: 2012-12-29 21:27:39    Post subject: 评论 – 戴望舒〈雨巷〉中的象征 Reply with quote

戴望舒〈雨巷〉中的象征 魏鹏展

象征是一种修辞手法,与比喻有点相似,分别在于前者以具体事物说明抽象事物的特征,后者则以具体事物说明具体事物的特征。玫瑰象征爱情,玫瑰是具体的东西,爱情则是抽象的;那个女孩像花一样美,女孩是具体的,花也是具体的,这是比喻。现代诗与古典诗其中一个最大的分别是现代诗较倾向于运用象征手法,而且运用一些象征意思较隐晦的,目的是使诗意更含蓄,更耐人寻味。〈雨巷〉是戴望舒的成名作,也运用了象征手法。

撑着油纸伞,独自
彷徨在悠长,悠长
又寂寥的雨巷,
我希望逢着
一个丁香一样地
结着愁怨的姑娘。

从字面意思看,作者可能追求爱情,因为作者正处于青年时期,诗中提到他常孤身一人,彷徨在江南的雨巷,期待遇到一个美丽的姑娘。但从深一层看,象征意义可能有更深一层意思。

她是有
丁香一样的颜色,
丁香一样的芬芳,
丁香一样的忧愁,
在雨中哀怨,
哀怨又彷徨;

丁香在春天开花,诗人往往对着丁香伤春,说丁香是愁品。丁香花是白色或紫色,颜色不太艳丽,有一种不轻佻的感觉,诗人就以此象征高洁的品格。最先以花朵象征品格的文学作品是屈原的《楚辞》。王逸〈离骚〉:「《离骚》之文,依《诗》取兴,引类譬谕,故善鸟香草,以配忠贞;恶禽臭物,以比谗佞;灵修美人,以媲于君。」古人已用香草象征君子品格。戴望舒很可能受古典文影响,所以也用丁香象征高洁的品格。诗表面写作者期望遇到一个美丽的姑娘,是对爱情的追求,深一层意思是作者以美丽的姑娘象征理想,这个理想也可能就是高尚的品格。

诗人运用象征手法一方面可使主题思想的形象化,具体化,另一方面也能增加诗句的想象空间。例如中国人以红色象征喜事,西方却以红色象征危险。这就使不同读者有不同的解读,使作品更耐人寻味。

2012年10月2日 早上
(刊登于《香港小学生文艺月刊》2期,页24-25)
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香港文學報《小說與詩》投稿方法+稿約、稿例、最新一期目錄:
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_60b7bcff01018dcp.html

魏鵬展是香港詩人、《小說與詩》主編、中文教師;微信(WeChat): npcjeffrey
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金金
进士出身


Joined: 08 Feb 2007
Posts: 2035
Location: 山东济宁
金金Collection
PostPosted: 2013-01-07 16:33:43    Post subject: Reply with quote

其中的建筑美,是我最看重的。立体呈现内心的斑斓。
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