美国 美国重建和工业化  (1808年12月29日～1875年7月31日)

开端 终结 在位 1865年 1869年 

　　安德鲁·约翰逊（Andrew Johnson，1808年12月29日－1875年7月31日）是美国第十六任副总统。在亚伯拉罕·林肯遇刺身亡后，继任为美国第十七任总统(1865年4月15日 – 1869年 3月4日)。由于在南方重建上采取妥协立场（他曾两次担任田纳西州州长），又否决民权法案，与国会的共和党议员意见不合，使他成为美国历史上首位被提出弹劾议案的总统（1868年）。最终在参议院以一票之微避过罢免的命运。

　　Andrew Johnson (December 29, 1808 – July 31, 1875), the 17th President of the United States (1865–69), was the first U.S. President to be impeached, as well as the first U.S. president to succeed to the presidency upon the assassination of his predecessor.
　　
　　At the time of the secession of the Southern states, Johnson was a U.S. Senator from Greeneville in East Tennessee. As a Unionist, he was the only southern senator not to quit his post upon secession. He became the most prominent War Democrat from the South and supported the military policies of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War of 1861–1865. In 1862, Lincoln appointed Johnson military governor of occupied Tennessee, where he proved to be energetic and effective in fighting the rebellion and beginning transition to Reconstruction.
　　
　　Johnson was nominated for the Vice President position in 1864 on the National Union Party ticket. He and Lincoln were elected in November 1864. Johnson succeeded to the presidency upon Lincoln's assassination on April 15, 1865.
　　
　　As president, he took charge of Presidential Reconstruction – the first phase of Reconstruction – which lasted until the Radical Republicans gained control of Congress in the 1866 elections. His conciliatory policies towards the South, his hurry to reincorporate the former Confederate states back into the union, and his vetoes of civil rights bills embroiled him in a bitter dispute with some Republicans. The Radicals in the House of Representatives impeached him in 1868, charging him with violating the Tenure of Office Act, a law enacted by Congress in March 1867 over Johnson's veto, but he was acquitted by a single vote in the Senate.
　　
　　He is the most recent president to represent a party other than the Republican or Democratic parties, having represented both the Democrats and the National Union Party. He is consistently ranked by historians as being among the worst U.S. presidents.