guó zuòzhělièbiǎo
Goethe 'ěr lín Friedrich Hölderlinhǎi niè Heinrich Heine
héng Else Lasker-Schülerài xīng duō 'ěr Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff · wēi lián · cǎi Friedrich Nietzsche
jūn · Günter Grasspéng huò fèi 'ěr Dietrich Bonhoeffer ruì Dieter M. Gräf
'ěr màn · hēi sài Hermann Hessemàn léi · Manfred Mai 'ěr · wēi Carl Weter
kāng · sài Konrad Seitzlāi nèi 'ěr · āi 'ěr lín 莱内尔埃尔林 grid 'ěr · lǎng 哥尔特朗古特
huò 'ěr · lāi Holger Reiners · ài 'ěr Ute Ehrhardtdài · ào téng Dieter Otten
yuē 'ěr · ài màn Jorge Ikmann 'ěr màn · yuē · zuǒ Hermann-Josef Zocheluò 'ěr · sài wéi Lothar J. Seiwert
· dīng Bidemading nuò · huò 'ěr 布鲁诺霍尔 Naghuā yìng hóng Flowers Yinghong
hǎdé · shī luó Gerhard Schroeder · shī luó Christa Schroderluó · shī Rochus Misch
ān · 'ěr Angela Merkel · - Hugo Muller-Voggwéi 'ěr · 'ěr màn Werner Bierman
pèi · 'ěr Petra Nagel láo 'ěr · róng Telaodeer Jungméi suō · 梅丽莎米勒
āi 'ěr · wéi Emil Ludwigxiǎng · āi Enjoy 利克埃伯利 · 'ěr Matthias Uhl
āi · shā 埃里希沙克mài 'ěr · shū Michael Schumachermài 'ěr · shū Michael Schumacher
hǎi 'ěr Heideggershū běn huá Arthur Schopenhauerhēi 'ěr Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
bèi tuō 'ěr · lāi Bertolt Brecht lāi · tuō Bram Stoker Friedrich von Schiller
· lín Jacob Grimmwēi lián · lín Wilhelm Grimm 'ěr · Karl Marx
láo · màn Klaus Mannāi · · léi Erich Maria Remarque 'ào duō · shī tuō Theodor Storm
tuō · màn Thomas Mannān · lán Anne Frankwēi lián · háo Wilhelm Hauff
shī Theodor Stormhàn · bào Hansilibaokǒng Heinz G. Konsalik
· lín Hera Lindwēi 'ěr · āi péng duō Wade Acres Peng Dorf 'ěr · mài Karl May
jūn · Günter Grass
guó zhì lián bāng gòng guó  (1927niánshíyuè16rì)

xiàn shí bǎi tài Realistic Fictiongǒu suì yuè Dog Years》
māo shǔ Cat and Mouse》
tiě The Tin Drum》
shīcíshī xuǎn anthology》   

yuèdòujūn · Günter Grasszài小说之家dezuòpǐn!!!
yuèdòujūn · Günter Grasszài诗海dezuòpǐn!!!
君特·格拉斯
  jūn . jiǔ 'èr nián shēng dàn jīn lán de dàn ), qīn fāng shì zhì rén fāng shì lán rén shí suì bèi zhēng jiǔ liù niándāng cóng měi jūn de zhàn yíng huò shì shí jīng shì jiā guī de nànmín liǎo dāng guò nóng gōng rénjiǎ yán kuàng kuàng gōngshí jiàng xiān hòu zài sài 'ěr duō bǎi lín de shù xué yuàn xué diāo bǎn huà jiǔ nián deyōu shuì de bǎi huò jiā diàn tái shī sài tóu jiǎng nián de běn shī fēng xìn de yōu diǎnchū bǎn jiā qiān kào hàn chū bǎn shè měi yuè jǐn sān bǎi de jīn tiē wéi chí de shēng huó bìng chuàng zuò guǎng
  
   jiǔ nián shí yuè shè zài 'ā fàn diàn huìjūn · sān shí suì lái liǎolǎng sòng liǎochéng gōng liǎo lǎng sòng liǎo cháng piān xiǎo shuōtiě shǒu zhāngféi de qún 》。 zuò pǐn xiǎng xiàng shēng dònggǎn rénqīng xīnyùhuì zuò jiā zhì tóng shòu shèjiǎngsān qiān jiǔ jiǔ nián qiūměi yīn pàn lán guó shū zhǎn jiē tiě zài shū zhǎn shàng liàng xiāng gěi rén de yìn xiàng shì zhì huī xiéyòu yán rèn zhēnzhì duì xiǎo shuō de píng lùn biān shì hècǎi jiào hǎo biān shì gùn lái méi píng jiǎng wěi yuán huì shòu wén xué jiǎng lái méi shì zhèng què yòu jué fǎn duìrán 'érxiǎo shuō rán chàng xiāoèr shí nián nèi gòng yìn liǎo sān bǎi duō wàn jiǔ liù sān nián qiánshí zhǒng yán de běn jīng wèn shì jiǔ niánbèi bān shàng yín detiě zài měi guó hǎo lāi diàn yǐng jié huò wài guó yǐngpiān 'ào jiǎngdiàn yǐng xiǎo shuō yīng běn zài měi guó zǒu hóng shícóng shí nián dài ,《 tiě yòu zài dōng 'ōu jīng liǎo xīngzhè biǎo míng liǎo zhè xiǎo shuō de shēng mìng
  
   jiǔ liù nián jiǔ liù sān nián yòu biǎo liǎo zhōng piān xiǎo shuōmāo shǔ cháng piān xiǎo shuōgǒu nián yuè》。 hàn chū bǎn shè zhè liǎng zuò pǐn tóngtiě gǎi pái chóngyìn shíjīng zuò zhě tóng jiā shàng liǎodàn sān zhè biāo zhè sān xiǎo shuō shì rén jūn lián xìngyīn 'ér shì tōng cháng shàng de sān dàn suǒ shuō men yòu gòng tóng diǎn shì cóng cuì shí guó rén de guò cuò wèn zhuóyǎn xiě deèr shì diǎndàn shí jiān jiǔ 'èr nián zhì jiǔ nián zhìsān shì zhēn shí gòu jiāo shì zuò zhě rén de yuán yīn:“ shì wéi bǎo liú kuài zuì zhōng shī de xiāng kuài yóu shǐ yuán yīn 'ér shī de xiāng ”。
  
   chū bǎn de shī yòufēng xìn zhī yōu diǎn》( 1953)、《 sān jiǎo guǐ dào》( 1953), zuò pǐn yòu huāng dàn hóng shuǐ》( 1957)、《 shū shūshū shū》( 1958)、《 è chú shī》( 1961)、 cháng piān xiǎo shuōtiě děng wài hái yòumāo shǔ》( 1961)、《 fēi cháng suì yuè》( 1963, gǒu de nián yuè》), chēng wéidàn sān 》。 cháng piān xiǎo shuōdié 》( 1977) lǎo shǔ》( 1986) shǐ yòng liǎo guài dàn fěng de shǒu jiāng xiàn shíhuàn xiǎngtóng huàchuán shuō róng wéi 。《 niú 》( 1972) wéi shí de wén xué zuò pǐn


  Günter Wilhelm Grass (born October 16, 1927) is a Nobel Prize-winning German author and playwright.
  
  He was born in the Free City of Danzig (now Gdańsk, Poland). Since 1945, he has lived in (the now former) West Germany, but in his fiction he frequently returns to the Danzig of his childhood.
  
  He is best known for his first novel, The Tin Drum, a key text in European magic realism. His works frequently have a strong (left wing, socialist) political dimension, and Grass has been an active supporter of the Social Democratic Party of Germany. In 2006, Grass caused a controversy with his belated disclosure of Waffen-SS service during the final months of World War II.
  
  English-speaking readers probably know Grass best as the author of The Tin Drum (Die Blechtrommel), published in 1959 (and subsequently filmed by director Volker Schlöndorff in 1979). It was followed in 1961 by the novella Cat and Mouse (Katz und Maus) and in 1963 by the novel Dog Years (Hundejahre), which together with The Tin Drum form what is known as The Danzig Trilogy. All three works deal with the rise of Nazism and with the war experience in the unique cultural setting of Danzig and the delta of the Vistula River. Dog Years, in many respects a sequel to The Tin Drum, portrays the area's mixed ethnicities and complex historical background in lyrical prose that is highly evocative.
  
  Grass received dozens of international awards and in 1999 achieved the highest literary honour: the Nobel Prize for Literature. His literature is commonly categorized as part of the artistic movement of Vergangenheitsbewältigung, roughly translated as "coming to terms with the past."
  
  In 2002 Grass returned to the forefront of world literature with Crabwalk (Im Krebsgang). This novella, one of whose main characters first appeared in Cat and Mouse, was Grass' most successful work in decades.
  
  Representatives of the City of Bremen joined together to establish the Günter Grass Foundation, with the aim of establishing a centralized collection of his numerous works, especially his many personal readings, videos and films. The Günter Grass House in Lübeck houses exhibitions of his drawings and sculptures, an archive and a library.
  
  
  Life
  Grass was born in the Free City of Danzig on October 16, 1927, to Willy Grass (1899-1979), a Protestant ethnic German, and Helene Grass (née Knoff, 1898-1954), a Roman Catholic of Kashubian-Polish origin . Grass was raised a Catholic. His parents had a grocery store with an attached apartment in Danzig-Langfuhr (Gdańsk-Wrzeszcz). He has one sister, who was born in 1930.
  
  Grass attended the Danzig Gymnasium Conradinum. He volunteered for submarine service with the Kriegsmarine "to get out of the confinement he felt as a teenager in his parents' house" which he considered - in a very negative way - civic Catholic lower middle class . He was drafted in 1942 into the Reichsarbeitsdienst, and in November 1944 into the Waffen-SS. Grass saw combat with the 10th SS Panzer Division Frundsberg from February 1945 until he was wounded on 20 April 1945 and sent to an American POW camp.
  
  In 1946 and 1947 he worked in a mine and received a stonemason's education. For many years he studied sculpture and graphics, first at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf, then at the Universität der Künste Berlin. He also worked as an author and travelled frequently. He married in 1954 and since 1960 has lived in Berlin as well as part-time in Schleswig-Holstein. Divorced in 1978, he remarried in 1979. From 1983 to 1986 he held the presidency of the Berlin Akademie der Künste (Berlin Academy of Arts).
  
  
  Political activism
  
  Tadeusz Różewicz and Günter Grass, 2006Grass took an active role in the Social-Democratic (SPD) party and supported Willy Brandt's election campaign. He criticised left-wing radicals and instead argued in favour of the "snail's pace", as he put it, of democratic reform (Aus dem Tagebuch einer Schnecke). Books containing his speeches and essays were released throughout his career.
  
  In the 1980s, he became active in the peace movement and visited Calcutta for six months. A diary with drawings was published as Zunge zeigen, an allusion to Kali's tongue.
  
  During the events leading up to the unification of Germany in 1989-90, Grass argued for continued separation of the two German states, asserting that a unified Germany would necessarily resume its role as belligerent nation-state.
  
  In 2001, Grass proposed the creation of a German-Polish museum for art lost during the War. While the Hague Convention of 1907 requires the return of art that had been evacuated, stolen (Nazi plunder) or seized, Poland and Russia (unlike many countries that have cooperated with Germany) refuse to repatriate some of the looted art , thus e.g. the manuscript of the German national anthem is kept in Poland.
  
  
  Disclosure of Waffen-SS Membership
  
  Günter Grass' prisoner of war record, indicating his membership of a Waffen-SS unit.On 12 August 2006, in an interview about his forthcoming book Peeling the Onion, Grass stated that he had been a member of the Waffen-SS. Before this interview, Grass was seen as someone who had been a typical member of the "Flakhelfer generation," one of those too young to see much fighting or to be involved with the Nazi regime in any way beyond its youth organizations.
  
  On August 15, 2006, the online edition of Der Spiegel, Spiegel Online, published three documents from U.S. forces dating from 1946, verifying Grass's Waffen-SS membership. .
  
  After an unsuccessful attempt to volunteer for the U-Boat fleet at age 15, Grass was conscripted into the Reichsarbeitsdienst (Reich Labor Service), and was then called up for the Waffen-SS in 1944. At that point of the war, youths could be conscripted into the Waffen-SS instead of the army (Wehrmacht); this was unrelated to membership of the SS proper.
  
  Grass was trained as a tank gunner and fought with the 10th SS Panzer Division Frundsberg until its surrender to U.S. forces at Marienbad. In 2007, Grass published an account of his wartime experience in The New Yorker, including an attempt to "string together the circumstances that probably triggered and nourished my decision to enlist.". To the BBC, Grass said in 2006 :
  
  It happened as it did to many of my age. We were in the labour service and all at once, a year later, the call-up notice lay on the table. And only when I got to Dresden did I learn it was the Waffen-SS.
  
  Joachim Fest, conservative German journalist, historian and biographer of Adolf Hitler, told the German weekly Der Spiegel about Grass's disclosure:
  
  After 60 years, this confession comes a bit too late. I can't understand how someone who for decades set himself up as a moral authority, a rather smug one, could pull this off.
  
  However, as Grass has for many decades been an outspoken left-leaning critic of Germany's treatment of its Nazi past, his statement caused a great stir in the press.
  
  Rolf Hochhuth said it was "disgusting" that this same "politically correct" Grass had publicly criticized Helmut Kohl and Ronald Reagan's visit to a military cemetery at Bitburg in 1985, because it also contained graves of Waffen-SS soldiers. In the same vein, the historian Michael Wolffsohn has accused Grass of hypocrisy about not earlier disclosing his SS membership. Also, Christopher Hitchens has pointed out that there have been critics who have called Grass' admission to be merely a publicity stunt to sell more copies of his new book. Many have come to Grass' defense based upon the fact the Waffen-SS membership was very early in Grass' life, and also precisely because he has always been publicly critical of Germany's Nazi past, unlike many of his conservative critics. For example, novelist John Irving has criticised those who would dismiss the achievements of a lifetime because of a mistake made as a teenager.
  
  Grass's biographer Michael Jürgs spoke of "the end of a moral institution" . Lech Wałęsa had initially criticized Grass for keeping silent about his SS membership for 60 years but in a couple of days had publicly withdrawn his criticism after reading the letter of Grass to the mayor of Gdańsk and admitted that Grass "set the good example for the others." On August 14, 2006, the ruling party of Poland, the "Law and Justice" party, called on Grass to relinquish his honorary citizenship of Gdańsk. Jacek Kurski stated, "It is unacceptable for a city where the first blood was shed, where World War II began, to have a Waffen-SS member as an honorary citizen." However, according to a poll ordered by city's authorities, the vast majority of Gdańsk citizens did not support Kurski's position. The mayor of Gdańsk, Paweł Adamowicz, said that he opposed submitting the affair to the municipal council because it was not for the council to judge history.
  
  In September 2006, 46 authors, poets, artists and intellectuals from various Arab countries published a letter of solidarity with Grass, stating that his joining the Waffen-SS was simply a case of a young, misguided teenager doing his duty. The text of the letter made it clear that the authors were not familiar with Grass's works or political views.
  
  Joachim C. Fest, a historian, stated "I don't understand how someone can present himself as the nation's guilty conscience for 60 years and then admit to himself having been deeply involved."[citation needed] Martin Walser, a writer, stated "The most responsible of all contemporaries can not disclose after 60 years that he landed in the Waffen SS through no fault of his own."[citation needed]
  
  
  Major works
  Die Vorzüge der Windhühner (poems, 1956)
  Die bösen Köche. Ein Drama (play, 1956)
  Hochwasser. Ein Stück in zwei Akten (play, 1957)
  Onkel, Onkel. Ein Spiel in vier Akten (play, 1958)
  Danziger Trilogie
  Die Blechtrommel (1959)
  Katz und Maus (1961)
  Hundejahre (1963)
  Gleisdreieck (poems, 1960)
  Die Plebejer proben den Aufstand (play, 1966)
  Ausgefragt (poems, 1967)
  Über das Selbstverständliche. Reden - Aufsätze - Offene Briefe - Kommentare (speeches, essays, 1968)
  Örtlich betäubt (1969)
  Aus dem Tagebuch einer Schnecke (1972)
  Der Bürger und seine Stimme. Reden Aufsätze Kommentare (speeches, essays, 1974)
  Denkzettel. Politische Reden und Aufsätze 1965-1976 (political essays and speeches, 1978)
  Der Butt (1977)
  Das Treffen in Telgte (1979)
  Kopfgeburten oder Die Deutschen sterben aus (1980)
  Widerstand lernen. Politische Gegenreden 1980–1983 (political speeches, 1984)
  Die Rättin (1986)
  Zunge zeigen. Ein Tagebuch in Zeichnungen (1988)
  Unkenrufe (1992)
  Ein weites Feld (1995)
  Mein Jahrhundert (1999)
  Im Krebsgang (2002)
  Letzte Tänze (poems, 2003)
  Beim Häuten der Zwiebel (2006)
  Dummer August (poems, 2007)
  Die Box (2008)
  
  English translations
  The Danzig Trilogy
  The Tin Drum (1959)
  Cat and Mouse (1963)
  Dog Years (1965)
  Four Plays (1967)
  Speak out! Speeches, Open Letters, Commentaries (1969)
  Local Anaesthetic (1970)
  From the Diary of a Snail (1973)
  In the Egg and Other Poems (1977)
  The Meeting at Telgte (1981)
  The Flounder (1978)
  Headbirths, or, the Germans are Dying Out (1982)
  The Rat (1987)
  Show Your Tongue (1987)
  Two States One Nation? (1990)
  The Call of the Toad (1992)
  The Plebeians Rehearse the Uprising (1996)
  My Century (1999)
  Too Far Afield (2000)
  Crabwalk (2002)
  Peeling the Onion (2007)
  
  References
  ^ Garland, The Oxford Companion to German Literature, p. 302.
  ^ "The Literary Encyclopedia", Günter Grass (b. 1927). Retrieved on August 16, 2006.
  ^ "Katholischen Mief". Source: http://www.zeit.de/2006/34/Leiter-1-34
  ^ Nobel prize winner Grass admits serving in SS Reuters, Aug 11, 2006
  ^ Grass, Günter. "How I Spent the War: A recruit in the Waffen S.S.", The New Yorker, 2007-06-04. Retrieved on 2007-05-24. (English)
  ^ "Grass admits serving in Waffen SS", Reuters, 2006-08-13. Retrieved on 2006-08-13. (English)
  ^ Hitchens, Christopher. "Snake in the Grass", Slate.com, 2006-08-22. Retrieved on 2006-08-23. (English)
  ^ "Günter Grass is my hero, as a writer and a moral compass", The Guardian, 2006-08-19. Retrieved on 2006-08-19. (English)
  ^ Rakowiec, Małgorzata. "Grass asked to give up Polish title", Reuters, 2006-08-14. Retrieved on 2006-08-14. (English)
  ^ Naggar, Mona. "Arabische Schriftsteller unterstützen Günter Grass", Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 2006-09-14. Retrieved on 2007-04-04. (German)
    

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