商代  (前1486年～前1411年)

姓：	子
名：	密
网笔号：	商中宗
开端 终结 在位 前1488年 前1411年 太戊 前1488年 前1414年 

　　太戊，姓子名密。商第9位国王（公元前1486-公元前1411）。汤五世孙，太甲孙。死后追谥为中宗。甲骨文作大太戊、天戊，为商王太庚之子，商王小甲、雍己之弟。这个太戊继位时还是个少年，不勤于国政，整天只图享乐。在他继位第七年时，王宫的庭院里长了一棵桑树，长棵桑树没什么奇怪，奇怪的是这棵桑树下又长出了一棵楮树，七天的时间里就疯长了，长得很大。这本来是植物生长过程中的偶然现象，换现在也不作为怪，人类生的怪物都多更何况植物，可是在商代的时候人还没有植物学知识，就把它看作是妖魔鬼怪。这个少年国王很怕。他的大臣伊陟（伊尹的儿子）就说：臣听说妖怪胜不过德，大概大王在治理朝政上有什么缺德之处，所以才会出现妖怪。如果善政修道，以德治民，自会免除祸害。这太戊一听有道理，果然一改前非，勤于朝政，修德治国。而这种不是正常生长的共生树木，长到一定时候会自然枯死。太戊以为是自己修德治国以德压妖的结果，就更相信了。据古书上记载太戊在位75年，是商王朝在位最长久的。太戊勤政修德，治国抚民，颇有振作。任用伊陟、巫咸掌握国政。国政大修，各小国又纷纷归顺，商朝中兴，《史记》故称太戊在位时，举贤人伊陟、巫咸为丞相，天下大治，诸侯归附。病死，葬于内黄（今河南省内黄县南30里处）。故后代尊称他为中宗。 谥号景宗。
　　商中宗陵为商代第九代王太戊的陵墓，位于内黄县城西南15公里，商中宗陵是我国古老皇陵之一，也是我国目前唯一的一处商王陵。汉代建陵，唐代续修，宋太祖开宝七年复修，明、清多次修葺增建。
　　商中宗陵坐北面南，占地百亩，围墙筑高墙，前后分区，规模宏大，布局奇特。前区为陵墓区，后区为祭祀区，中间甬道为中轴线，直通拜殿，甬道东为太戊陵，西为嫔妃墓，历代王朝祭祀不绝。陵内宋开宝七年(公元947年)所立《大宋新修商帝中宗庙碑》高耸雄伟，通高7.2米，宽1.6米，厚0.59米，由翰林梁同翰撰写，碑有铭有序，雕刻精湛，字迹清晰，笔法变化多端，妙趣横生，刀工娴熟，骨刀坚凝，堪称一绝。
　　商中宗陵是以陵寝陵园、碑碣为特色，极具历史文化价值和旅游观光价值的寻根祭祀之圣地。
　　
　　政治制度
　　商中宗太戊时期，商王朝的职官有中朝任职的内服官和被封於王畿以外的外服官之别。最高的政务官，是协助商王决策的“相”，又称“阿、保、尹”。王朝高级官吏统称卿士。三公，则是因人而设的一种尊贵职称、并不常设。另外有：掌占卜、祭祀、记载的“史”，掌占卜的卜、掌祈祷鬼神的祝，掌记载和保管典籍的作册（又称守藏史、内史），武官之长的师长，乐工之长的太师、少师。
　　内服官中又分外廷政务官和内廷事务官。商中宗太戊时期，商朝政治制度的根本特点是内服与外服的划分，生活在商周之际的周公曾经在《酒诰》中这样概述其情况：“越在外服，侯、甸、男、卫邦伯；越在内服，百僚、庶尹、惟亚、惟服、宗工，越百姓里居（君）。”
　　内服是商中宗太戊时期直接统治的王畿地区；外服是由邦伯所管辖的地区，这些邦伯分为侯、甸、男、卫几种，其中许多很可能是方国部落首领而臣属于商者。卜辞所载的侯有近50个，最著名的有仓侯、舞侯、犬侯、侯告、侯专、杞侯等。甸，卜辞称为“田 ”，“多田（甸）”即指许多甸职官员。男，在卜辞中称为“任”，著名者有而任、戈任、名任、卢任等。卫，作为一种武职，在卜辞中多称为“多射卫”、“多马卫”、“多犬卫”等，亦有单称为“卫”者。
　　卜辞和金文所见商朝的内服官有五六十种，大致可以分为四类。一是“百僚庶尹”。包括地位很高的旧臣、老臣以及商王的近侍之臣。其中还有负责出纳王命的史官。二是“惟亚惟服”。主要是与商王关系密切的军职官员。三是“宗工”。指负责王室祭祀和某些具体事务的官员。四是“百姓里君”。指管理地方上的诸族与普通民众的官员。
　　内廷事务官是专为王室服务的官员，主要是总管的宰和亲信的臣。臣管理王室各项具体事务，有百工之长的司工，掌粮食收藏的啬，掌畜牧的牧正，掌狩猎的兽正，掌酒的酒正，掌王车的车正，为商王御车的服（又称仆、御），侍卫武官亚，卫士亚旅，掌教育贵族子弟的国老，掌外地籍田的“畋（音‘田’tian／）老”。外服官主要有方国首领的侯、伯，有为王朝服役的男、有守卫边境的卫。
　　
　　经济发展
　　商中宗太戊时期在农业和手工业生产发展的基础上，在各个生产部门内部分工日趋巩固和日益复杂的情况下，商代的商业也有一定程度的发展。在周灭商后，据周公说在殷民中有一部分人是“肇牵车牛远服贾，用孝养厥父母”。这些人就是从事长途贩运贸易活动的商贾。
　　商中宗太戊时期商朝经济比夏朝有很大发展的表现：农业生产规模一相当大，种植的农作物有粟，黍，稻，麦等。畜牧业发达，饲养六畜，祭祀用几百甚至上千头家畜。青铜冶铸，玉器制作和酿酒等手工业很发达。商业发展到一定水平，交易是用海贝，骨贝，玉贝和铜贝等作货币。商王盘庚时期，商代使用的农具，考古学界一般认为仍以石、骨及蚌制铲、斧、镰、刀等为主，偶尔也发现有一些铜锸、铜铲等青铜工具，但不一定用于农业生产。
　　甲骨文的田字，表明在广平的原野有整治得整齐规则的大片相连的方块熟田。甲骨文“疆理”的“疆 ”字，象征丈量和划出疆界的田地，“田畴”的“畴”字，像田间按行垄犁耕往返转折，这样的田畴当然不会耕作得很粗放。这些经过疆理整治规则耕作较好并配合有灌溉沟渠的方块田，就是后来的井田。
　　这些田地主要分布在都邑附近，由商王和诸侯国君直接占有，也有分配给近亲贵族。其他贵族在封邑内也同样经营这样的田地，不过规模要小一些。在国都以外，商王经常派臣民到比较边远的地方去开垦土地。
　　商中宗太戊时期铸造作坊商代手工业生产的发展，比农业更为突出。其中，青铜冶炼技术和青铜器制造工艺的高度发展，更集中反映了当时手工业技术水平和时代的特点。在殷墟和郑州商城遗址，都发现有为王室所专用的青铜器铸造作坊。当时，在这些作坊中都有比较细致的分工，有世代从事生产擅长专精技艺的工匠。生产规模之大和技艺水平之高，是当时世界所罕见的。

　　Tai Wu, named sub were close. Business No. 9 King (BC 1486 - BC 1411). Tang Wushi Sun, Taijia Sun. Posthumous title for death in the cases recover. Oracle for large Tai Wu, Tin E, the son of Wang Taigeng for the business, commercial Wang a, Yong Ji's younger brother. The Tai Wu is still a juvenile when the throne is not diligent in state government, the day they only pleasure. In his seventh year in succession, the palace's courtyard, long a mulberry, mulberry trees no longer strange, strange thing is under the mulberry tree mulberry tree grew on the tree, a period of seven days on the soaring, and very big. It would have been in the process of plant growth by chance, for now is not as strange monsters are more human beings are born not to mention plants, but in the Shang Dynasty, when people have not botanical knowledge, put it as ghosts and goblins. The young king terrified. Iraqi minister of his Zhi (Yi Yin's son) said: monster win, but Robinson told German king in the management of affairs of state on about what is wicked between, thus giving rise to monsters. If good governance monasticism, with moral people, will be exempt from the scourge. This Tai Wu a sense, it really changed before the non-diligent affairs of state, virtue and moral integrity rule. And this is not the normal growth of symbiotic tree will naturally grow to a certain dead time. Tai Wu thought it was their moral virtue and moral integrity in order to pressure the country the results of demons, even believe it. According to ancient books written Tai Wu reign of 75 years, is the longest reign of the Shang Dynasty. Tai Wu diligent virtue, ask the people running the country, rather take heart. Appointed Iraqi Zhi, Wu Xian control state government. State NCCU repair, they have obeyed the small country, Shang ZTE, "Historical Records" it said Tai Wu reign, give sage Iraq Zhi, Wu Xian was the prime minister, peace and order, feudal lords join themselves. Died, buried within the yellow (now 30 miles south of Henan Province Neihuang). Therefore, in future generations were dubbed him. Posthumous name Kagemune.
　　Business in the cases of Wang Tai Wu Ling is the ninth generation of the tomb of the Shang Dynasty, is located 15 km southwest of the city Neihuang, business in the tomb of China's ancient imperial tombs were also one of only a China business now Tomb. Han Jian Ling, Tang Compilation, which brought in seven years to open rehabilitation Po, Ming and Qing many times additional repair.
　　Political system
　　Oral is a business in the period of direct rule were Tai Wu Ji areas; Foreign Service is governed by the baumber areas are divided into those baumber Hou, Austin, M, Wei several, many of which are likely to be tribal leaders and the country side Chen is operators. Hou contained inscriptions, nearly 50, most notably warehouse Hou, dance Hou, dog Hou, Hou told, Hou specifically, Qi and Hou. Austin, inscriptions known as the "field", "Tada (Austin)" refers to a number of Austin serving officials. Male, in the inscriptions known as the "office", the famous who have the responsibility, Ge office, were appointed, Lu Ren, etc.. Wei, as a military post, in many inscriptions as "multi-shot Wei", "multi-Wei Ma," "more than dogs health", which have a single called "Guardian" who.
　　Economic development
　　Oracle's field characters to show the wide flat plain with large tracts of the rules of regulation were white box attached to mature field. Oracle "Xinjiang Reason", "Xinjiang", which symbolizes the field measurement and draw boundaries, "Tian Chou" and "domain", which, like plowing the field by line from turning ridge, such Tianchou certainly not very extensive farming. These rules Regulation farming through better management of Xinjiang and the box with a field of irrigation canals is later Ida.