美國 美國重建和工業化  (1808年十二月29日～1875年七月31日)

開端 終結 在位 1865年 1869年 

　　安德魯·約翰遜（Andrew Johnson，1808年12月29日－1875年7月31日）是美國第十六任副總統。在亞伯拉罕·林肯遇刺身亡後，繼任為美國第十七任總統(1865年4月15日 – 1869年 3月4日)。由於在南方重建上采取妥協立場（他曾兩次擔任田納西州州長），又否决民權法案，與國會的共和黨議員意見不合，使他成為美國歷史上首位被提出彈劾議案的總統（1868年）。最終在參議院以一票之微避過罷免的命運。

　　Andrew Johnson (December 29, 1808 – July 31, 1875), the 17th President of the United States (1865–69), was the first U.S. President to be impeached, as well as the first U.S. president to succeed to the presidency upon the assassination of his predecessor.
　　
　　At the time of the secession of the Southern states, Johnson was a U.S. Senator from Greeneville in East Tennessee. As a Unionist, he was the only southern senator not to quit his post upon secession. He became the most prominent War Democrat from the South and supported the military policies of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War of 1861–1865. In 1862, Lincoln appointed Johnson military governor of occupied Tennessee, where he proved to be energetic and effective in fighting the rebellion and beginning transition to Reconstruction.
　　
　　Johnson was nominated for the Vice President position in 1864 on the National Union Party ticket. He and Lincoln were elected in November 1864. Johnson succeeded to the presidency upon Lincoln's assassination on April 15, 1865.
　　
　　As president, he took charge of Presidential Reconstruction – the first phase of Reconstruction – which lasted until the Radical Republicans gained control of Congress in the 1866 elections. His conciliatory policies towards the South, his hurry to reincorporate the former Confederate states back into the union, and his vetoes of civil rights bills embroiled him in a bitter dispute with some Republicans. The Radicals in the House of Representatives impeached him in 1868, charging him with violating the Tenure of Office Act, a law enacted by Congress in March 1867 over Johnson's veto, but he was acquitted by a single vote in the Senate.
　　
　　He is the most recent president to represent a party other than the Republican or Democratic parties, having represented both the Democrats and the National Union Party. He is consistently ranked by historians as being among the worst U.S. presidents.