马克·斯特兰德（Mark Strand，1934—2014  ），当代美国诗坛著名诗人，1934年出生于加拿大爱德华王子岛，后随父母移居美国。1999年以诗集《暴风雪》获普利策奖；2004年获美国诗人学院颁发的华莱士·斯蒂文斯奖。曾出版诗集多部，此外，还出版有诗歌评论集《词语的天气》及小说、儿童文学、艺术评论及诗歌翻译等其它作品。

　　Mark Strand (April 11, 1934 – November 29, 2014) was a Canadian-born American poet, essayist and translator. He was appointed Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress in 1990 and received the Wallace Stevens Award in 2004. Strand was a professor of English and Comparative Literature at Columbia University from 2005 until his death in 2014.
　　Biography
　　Strand was born in 1934 at Summerside, Prince Edward Island, Canada.[1] Raised in a secular Jewish family,[2][3] he spent his early years in North America and much of his adolescence in South and Central America. Strand graduated from Oakwood Friends School in 1951[4][5] and in 1957 earned his B.A. from Antioch College in Ohio.[6] He then studied painting under Josef Albers at Yale University, where he earned a B.F.A in 1959.[6] On a U.S.-Italy Fulbright Commission scholarship, Strand studied 19th-century Italian poetry in Florence in 1960–61.[6] He attended the Iowa Writers' Workshop at the University of Iowa the following year and earned a Master of Arts in 1962.[6] In 1965 he spent a year in Brazil as a Fulbright Lecturer.[7]
　　
　　In 1981, Strand was elected a member of The American Academy of Arts and Letters.[8] He served as Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress during the 1990–91 term.[9] In 1997, he left Johns Hopkins University to accept the Andrew MacLeish Distinguished Service Professorship of Social Thought at the Committee on Social Thought at the University of Chicago. From 2005 to his death, Strand taught literature and creative writing at Columbia University, in New York City.[6]
　　
　　Strand received numerous awards, including a MacArthur Fellowship in 1987 and the 1999 Pulitzer Prize for Poetry, for Blizzard of One.[6]
　　
　　Strand died of liposarcoma on November 29, 2014, in Brooklyn, New York.[10][11]
　　
　　Poetry
　　Many of Strand's poems are nostalgic in tone, evoking the bays, fields, boats, and pines of his Prince Edward Island childhood. Strand has been compared to Robert Bly in his use of surrealism, though he attributes the surreal elements in his poems to an admiration of the works of Max Ernst, Giorgio de Chirico, and René Magritte.[12] Strand's poems use plain and concrete language, usually without rhyme or meter. In a 1971 interview, Strand said, "I feel very much a part of a new international style that has a lot to do with plainness of diction, a certain reliance on surrealist techniques, and a strong narrative element."[12]
　　
　　Academic career
　　Strand's academic career took him to various colleges and universities, including:[7]
　　
　　Teaching positions
　　University of Iowa, Iowa City, instructor in English, 1962–1965
　　University of Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Fulbright lecturer, 1965–1966
　　Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA, assistant professor, 1967
　　Columbia University, New York City, adjunct associate professor, 1969–1972
　　Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, New York City, associate professor, 1970–1972
　　Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, Bain-Swiggett Lecturer, 1973
　　Brandeis University, Hurst professor of poetry, 1974–1975
　　University of Utah, Salt Lake City, professor of English, 1981–1993
　　Johns Hopkins University, Elliot Coleman Professor of Poetry, 1994–c. 1998
　　University of Chicago, Committee on Social Thought, 1998 – ca. 2005
　　Columbia University, New York City, professor of English and Comparative Literature, ca. 2005–2014
　　Visiting professor
　　University of Washington, 1968, 1970
　　Columbia University, 1980
　　Yale University, 1969–1970
　　University of Virginia, 1976, 1978
　　California State University at Fresno, 1977
　　University of California at Irvine, 1979
　　Wesleyan University, 1979
　　Harvard University, 1980
　　Awards
　　Strand has been awarded the following:[1]
　　
　　1960–1961: Fulbright Fellowship
　　1979: Fellowship of the Academy of American Poets
　　1987: MacArthur Fellowship
　　1990–1991: Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress
　　1992: Bobbitt National Prize for Poetry
　　1993: Bollingen Prize
　　1999: Pulitzer Prize, for Blizzard of One
　　2004: Wallace Stevens Award
　　2009: Gold Medal in Poetry, from the American Academy of Arts and Letters[13]
　　Bibliography
　　Poetry[7]
　　1964: Sleeping with One Eye Open, Stone Wall Press
　　1968: Reasons for Moving: Poems, Atheneum
　　1970: Darker: Poems, including "The New Poetry Handbook", Atheneum
　　1973: The Story of Our Lives, Atheneum ISBN 9780689105760
　　1973: The Sargentville Notebook, Burning Deck
　　1975: From Two Notebooks, No Mountains Poetry Project
　　1976: My Son, No Mountains Poetry Project
　　1978: Elegy for My Father, Windhover
　　1978: The Late Hour, Atheneum
　　1980: Selected Poems, including "Keeping Things Whole", Atheneum
　　1990: The Continuous Life, Knopf ISBN 9780679738442
　　1990: New Poems
　　1991: The Monument, Ecco Press (see also The Monument, 1978, prose)
　　1993: Dark Harbor: A Poem, long poem divided into 55 sections, Knopf
　　1998: Blizzard of One: Poems, Knopf winner of the 1999 Pulitzer Prize for poetry
　　1999: Chicken, Shadow, Moon & More, with illustrations by the author, Turtle Point Press
　　1999: "89 Clouds" a single poem, monotypes by Wendy Mark and introduction by Thomas Hoving, ACA Galleries (New York)
　　2006: Man and Camel, Knopf[1] ISBN 9780375711268
　　2007: New Selected Poems[14]
　　2012: Almost Invisible, Random House, ISBN 9780307957313
　　2014: Collected Poems, Knopf ISBN 9780385352512
　　Prose[7]
　　1978: The Monument, Ecco (see also The Monument, 1991, poetry) ISBN 9780880012744
　　1982: Contributor: Claims for Poetry, edited by Donald Hall, University of Michigan Press
　　1982: The Planet of Lost Things, for children
　　1983: The Art of the Real, art criticism, C. N. Potter
　　1985: The Night Book, for children
　　1985: Mr. and Mrs. Baby and Other Stories, short stories, Knopf ISBN 9780880013864
　　1986: Rembrandt Takes a Walk, for children
　　1987: William Bailey, art criticism, Abrams
　　1993: Contributor: Within This Garden: Photographs by Ruth Thorne-Thomsen, Columbia College Chicago/Aperture Foundation
　　1994: Hopper, art criticism, Ecco Press ISBN 9780307957108
　　2000: The Weather of Words: Poetic Invention, Knopf
　　2000: With Eavan Boland, The Making of a Poem: A Norton Anthology of Poetic Forms, Norton (New York)
　　Poetry translations
　　1971: 18 Poems from the Quechua, Halty Ferguson[1]
　　1973: The Owl's Insomnia, poems by Rafael Alberti, Atheneum[1]
　　1976: Souvenir of the Ancient World, poems by Carlos Drummond de Andrade, Antaeus Editions[14]
　　2002: Looking for Poetry: Poems by Carlos Drummond de Andrade and Rafael Alberti, with Songs from the Quechua[14]
　　1993: Contributor: "Canto IV", Dante's Inferno: Translations by Twenty Contemporary Poets edited by Daniel Halpern, Harper Perennial
　　1986, according to one source, or 1987, according to another source:[7] Traveling in the Family, poems by Carlos Drummond de Andrade, with Thomas Colchie; translator with Elizabeth Bishop, Colchie, and Gregory Rabassa) Random House[7]
　　Editor
　　1968: The Contemporary American Poets, New American Library[1]
　　1970: New Poetry of Mexico, Dutton[1]
　　1976: Another Republic: Seventeen European and South American Writers, with Charles Simic, Ecco[1]
　　1991: The Best American Poetry 1991, Macmillan[7]
　　1994: Golden Ecco Anthology, Ecco Press[7]
　　1994: The Golden Ecco Anthology[1]
　　2005: 100 Great Poems of the Twentieth Century, W. W. Norton[1]
　　References
　　 "Mark Strand". Academy of American Poets. Retrieved December 3, 2014.
　　 Kevane, Bridgette (June 29, 2011). "What Is Missing". Tablet Magazine. Retrieved December 3, 2014.
　　 Italie, Hillel (November 30, 2014). "Pulitzer laureate Mark Strand dies at 80". The Times of Israel. Retrieved December 3, 2014.
　　 "Pulitzer Prize-winning poet Mark Strand dies at 80". The Poughkeepsie Journal. Associated Press. November 30, 2014. Retrieved July 6, 2015.
　　 Shawn, Wallace (Fall 1998). "Mark Strand, The Art of Poetry No. 77". The Paris Review. Retrieved December 3, 2014.
　　 Grimes, William (November 29, 2014). "Mark Strand, 80, Dies; Pulitzer-Winning Poet Laureate". The New York Times. Retrieved November 29, 2014.
　　 "Mark Strand". Poetry Foundation. Retrieved December 3, 2014.
　　 "Deceased Members". American Academy of Arts and Letters. Archived from the original on July 26, 2011. Retrieved December 3, 2014.
　　 "Poet Laureate Timeline: 1991-2000". Library of Congress. 2008. Retrieved January 1, 2009.
　　 Rivera, Joshua (November 30, 2014). "Pulitzer-Winning Poet Laureate Mark Strand Dead at 80". Time. Retrieved December 3, 2014.
　　 "Mark Strand, former US poet laureate, dies aged 80". The Guardian. November 30, 2014. Retrieved December 3, 2014.
　　 Perkins, George; Perkins, Barbara (1988). Contemporary American Literature. New York: McGraw Hill. p. 953. ISBN 9780075549543.
　　 "The American Academy of Arts and Letters announces newly elected members and award winners". American Academy of Arts and Letters. April 14, 2009. Archived from the original on June 17, 2011.
　　 "Mark Strand, UI Graduate 62MA (Former UI Faculty)". The University of Iowa Alumni Association. Retrieved December 3, 2014.
　　External links
　　"Mark Strand, The Art of Poetry No. 77". The Paris Review (Interview) (148). Interviewed by Wallace Shawn. Fall 1998.