A.H.霍夫曼·封·法勒斯雷本(1798-1874)德国浪漫主义诗人。编有《德国古代政治诗歌集》等，德国国歌《德意志之歌》的作词者。

 霍夫曼的儿童诗有《鸟儿们都已来到》、《一个小人站在林中》、《林中响起布谷、布谷声》、《金龟子，飞吧!》等，都是受人喜爱的诗歌。这些诗歌显示了他写作民歌风格诗歌的才能，表明他具有一种天真诚挚、快乐欢悦的肯定人生的态度。他还收集了一些民歌，并发现了一些古代作品的手稿。他编纂的《德国古代政治诗歌集》于1843年出版，《十六、十七世纪德国社会诗歌》于1844年出版，并为《列那狐》出了新版 [1]  。　他的《德国语言学大纲》(Deutsche Philologie im Grundriss, 1836)是对语言学研究的一个宝贵贡献。

人物生平

生于吕纳堡附近的法勒斯莱本，曾在格廷根大学学习神学和古代哲学，在波恩大学学习日耳曼语文学。

1823年任布雷斯劳大学图书馆管理员。

1830年任日耳曼语言文学副教授

1835年任教授

1840至1841年发表诗集《非政治的诗歌》。诗歌表现出的自由思想触怒了当局

1842年被普鲁士当局免职并驱逐出境

1848年恢复名誉。以后几年漂泊无定

直到1860年才在威悉河畔的科尔韦贵族府找到一个图书馆管理员的职务。

霍夫曼·冯·法勒斯莱本

奥古斯特·海因利希·霍夫曼·冯·法勒斯莱本原是“四八年派”的诗人，但他的政治倾向从来没有超越过自由主义。他的政治诗批评君主制和书报检查制度等，这些批评大多非常温和。1848年以后在政治上日趋保守。1841年，他为德国的四分五裂感到忧虑，写了《德国人之歌》。这首诗第一句是“德国，德国，高于一切”，典型地表达了民意——那个时期德国自由派人士所怀有的争取国家统一的愿望。第一次世界大战后被定为德国国歌，并曾被利用为沙文主义的目的服务。这首歌的第三节「统一、正义和自由」，在第二次世界大战以后，成为西德国歌

 

主要作品

霍夫曼的儿童诗有《鸟儿们都已来到》、《一个小人站在林中》、《林中响起布谷、布谷声》、《金龟子，飞吧!》等，都是受人喜爱的诗歌。这些诗歌显示了他写作民歌风格诗歌的才能，表明他具有一种天真诚挚、快乐欢悦的肯定人生的态度。他还收集了一些民歌，并发现了一些古代作品的手稿。他编纂的《德国古代政治诗歌集》于1843年出版，《十六、十七世纪德国社会诗歌》于1844年出版，并为《列那狐》出了新版 [1]  。　他的《德国语言学大纲》(Deutsche Philologie im Grundriss, 1836)是对语言学研究的一个宝贵贡献。

参考资料

• 1.  张玉书．《中国大百科全书 外国文学Ⅰ》 ：中国大百科全书出版社，1992-4-1：第455页

　　August Heinrich Hoffmann (About this soundlisten (help·info), calling himself 'von Fallersleben', after his hometown ; 2 April 1798 – 19 January 1874) was a German poet. He is best known for writing "Das Lied der Deutschen", its third stanza now being the national anthem of Germany, and a number of popular children's songs, considered part of the Young Germany movement.
　　
　　Biography
　　
　　Carte de visite of Hoffmann, card no. "1324" by an unidentified photographer with crown over the letter "P", about 1860
　　
　　August Henrich Hoffmann by Carl Georg Christian Schumacher (1819)
　　Hoffmann was born in Fallersleben in Lower Saxony, then in the duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg.
　　
　　The son of a merchant and mayor of his native city, he was educated at the classical schools of Helmstedt and Braunschweig, and afterwards at the universities of Göttingen and Bonn. His original intention was to study theology, but he soon devoted himself entirely to literature. In 1823 he was appointed custodian of the university library at Breslau, a post which he held till 1838. He was also made extraordinary professor of the German language and literature at that university in 1830, and ordinary professor in 1835. Hoffmann was deprived of his chair in 1842 in consequence of his Unpolitische Lieder (1840–1841, "Unpolitical Songs"), which gave much offence to the authorities in Prussia.[1]
　　
　　During his exile, he traveled in Germany, Switzerland and Italy, and lived for two or three years in Mecklenburg, of which he became a naturalized citizen. After the revolution of 1848 he was enabled to return to Prussia, where he was restored to his rights, and received the salary attached to a promised office not yet vacant. He married in 1849, and during the next ten years lived first in Bingerbrück, afterwards in Neuwied, and then in Weimar, where together with Oskar Schade (1826–1906) he edited the Weimarische Jahrbuch (1854–1857).[1]
　　
　　In 1860 he was appointed librarian to Victor I, Duke of Ratibor at the monasterial castle of Corvey near Höxter on the Weser, where he died in 1874.[1][2]
　　
　　Works
　　Hoffmann von Fallersleben was one of the most popular poets of his time. In politics he ardently sympathized with the progressive tendencies of his time, and he was among the earliest and most effective of the political poets who prepared the way for the outbreak of 1848. As a poet, however, he acquired distinction chiefly by the ease, simplicity and grace with which he gave expression to the passions and aspirations of daily life. Although he had not been scientifically trained in music, he composed melodies for many of his songs, and a considerable number of them are sung by all classes in every part of Germany.[1]
　　
　　Among the best known is the patriotic "Das Lied der Deutschen" which starts with the words Deutschland, Deutschland über alles and is set to a 1797 tune by Joseph Haydn. The lyrics were written in 1841 on the island of Helgoland, then in British possession.[3] The text of the song expresses the pan-German sentiments common in revolutionary republicans of the period and were highly inflammatory in the princedoms of the German-speaking world. This sentiment was, of course, considered high treason. The phrase über alles did not refer to militant ideas of conquest of foreign countries, but to the need for loyalty to a united Germany to replace all other regional loyalties.[citation needed]
　　
　　The best of his poetical writings is his Gedichte ("Poems", 1827), but there is great merit also in his
　　
　　Alemannische Lieder ("Alemannic Songs", 1826),
　　Soldatenleben ("Soldier's Life", 1852),
　　Rheinleben ("Rhine Life", 1865), and in his
　　Fünfzig neue Kinderlieder ("Fifty New Children's Songs"), and
　　Alte und neue Kinder ("Old and New Children's Songs").[1]
　　Many of his children's songs have remained popular until today and are known by nearly every German child, such as "Alle Vögel sind schon da", "Ein Männlein steht im Walde", "Summ, summ, summ", "Winters Abschied" („Winter ade, scheiden tut weh“), "Kuckuck, Kuckuck, ruft’s aus dem Wald", "Der Kuckuck und der Esel", "A, a, a, der Winter der ist da", "Der Frühling hat sich eingestellt", and the Christmas song "Morgen kommt der Weihnachtsmann".[citation needed]
　　
　　His Unpolitische Lieder, Deutsche Lieder aus der Schweiz ("German Songs from Switzerland") and Streiflichter ("Highlights") are interesting mainly in relation to the movements of the age in which they were written. As a student of ancient Teutonic literature, Hoffmann von Fallersleben ranks among the most persevering and cultivated of German scholars, some of the chief results of his labors being embodied in his Horae Belgicae, Fundgruben für Geschichte deutscher Sprache und Literatur ("Sources for the History of German Language and Literature"), Altdeutsche Blätter ("Old German Papers"), Spenden zur deutschen Literaturgeschichte und Findlinge.[1]
　　
　　Among his editions of particular works may be named
　　
　　Reineke Vos
　　Monumenta Elnonensia and
　　Theophilus
　　Die deutsche Philologie im Grundriss ("Fundamentals of German Philology", 1836) was at the time of its publication a valuable contribution to philological research, and historians of German literature still attach importance to his
　　
　　Geschichte des deutschen Kirchenliedes bis auf Luther ("History of the German Church Song up to Luther", 1832; 3rd ed., 1861),
　　Unsere volkstümlichen Lieder ("Our Folk Songs", 3rd ed., 1869) and
　　Die deutschen Gesellschaftslieder des 16. und 17. Jahrh. ("German Social Songs of the 16th and 17th Centuries", 2nd ed., 1860).[1]
　　In 1868-1870 Hoffmann published in 6 vols. an autobiography, Mein Leben: Aufzeichnungen und Erinnerungen ("My Life: Notes and Memories", an abbreviated ed. in 2 vols., 1894). His Gesammelte Werke ("Collected Works") were edited by H. Gerstenberg in 8 vols. (1891–1894); his Ausgewählte Werke ("Selected Works") by H. Benzmann (1905, 4 vols.). See also Briefe von Hoffmann von Fallersleben und Moritz Haupt an Ferdinand Wolf ("Letters by Hoffmann von Fallersleben and Moritz Haupt to Ferdinand Wolf", 1874); J. M. Wagner, Hoffmann von Fallersleben, 1818-1868 (1869–1870), and R. von Gottschall, Porträts und Studien ("Portraits and Studies", vol. v., 1876).[1]