布羅茨基 | 獻給約翰•鄧恩的哀歌(王傢新 譯)
約瑟夫•布羅茨基(Joseph Brodsky,1940-1996),俄裔美國詩人,散文傢。1940年5月24日生於蘇聯列寧格勒,1955年開始創作詩歌,1972年被剝奪蘇聯國籍,驅逐出境,後移居美國,曾任密歇根大學駐校詩人,後在其他大學任訪問教授,1977年加入美國籍。代表作品有詩集《詩選》《緻烏拉尼亞》,散文集《小於一》《悲傷與理智》等。 1987年,由於其作品“超越時空限製,無論在文學上及敏感問題方面,都充分顯示出他廣阔的思想和濃郁的詩意”,布羅茨基榮獲諾貝爾文學奬,此時他47歲,是有史以來最年輕的諾貝爾文學奬得主。
約翰•鄧恩(John Donne,1572-1631)是十七世紀英國玄學派詩人、教士,他對現代詩歌産生了深刻的影響。1963年,布羅茨基發表著名長詩《獻給約翰•鄧恩的哀歌》,這也是他早期創作的代表作品。今天小雅與大傢分享王傢新老師翻譯的這首詩作。

獻給約翰•鄧恩的哀歌
約翰•鄧恩墜入了睡眠……他周圍的一切
也睡了:墻,床,和地板——都睡了。
桌子,畫像,地毯,挂鈎和門閂,
衣櫃,碗櫥,燭火,窗簾——一切
都睡了:水罐,瓶子,玻璃杯,面包,
面包刀,瓷具,水晶器皿,陶盆和平底鍋,
亞麻桌布,燈罩,座鐘,拉出的抽屜,
鏡子,樓道,門檻。夜無處不在。
夜,到處都是:在角落處,在眼瞳裏,
在桌布上,在桌上的紙頁間,在磨損的詞語
和褪色的言辭裏,在圓木和火鉗間,
在壁爐變暗的炭塊上——在每一樣物體裏。
在汗衫上,靴子裏,襪子上,在陰影中,
在鏡子背後,椅子背後,
在床鋪上和臉盆上,在十字架上,
在枕頭上,在拖鞋裏,在門口的
掃帚上。一切都沉入了睡眠。
是的,一切都睡了。窗戶。窗外的雪。
一面屋頂的斜坡,比桌布更白,陡峭的
屋脊。鄰居的房捨在積雪中,
被鋒利的窗框一一鎸刻。
拱頂和墻壁和窗戶——一切都睡了。
木頭亭子柵欄,鵝卵石,花園,燒烤架。
沒有光亮閃動,沒有車輪的吱嘎……
鐵鏈,圍墻,雕飾,走道鑲邊。
房子門環,門把手,挂鈎,
門鈴,門檻,門閂和機靈的鑰匙。
聽不到任何低語聲、簌簌聲和震動。
衹有雪的擠壓聲。所有人在沉睡。
天亮還早。所有的監獄和閘門
也睡了。魚鋪裏的鐵秤在睡。
煮過的豬肉在睡。後院
和房子。帶鐵鏈的看門狗睡在寒冷裏。
地窖裏的貓竪着耳朵在睡。
老鼠在睡,人類在睡。倫敦在酣睡。
船帆嚮着鐵錨打瞌睡。鹹澀的海水
在船體下邊與落雪夢囈般交談,
邊融入遠處熟睡的天穹。
約翰•鄧恩睡了,海與他一起睡了。
白堊崖塔一樣安睡在海灘之上。
整個島在睡,被孤寂的夢擁住。
每個院落都有三道柵門。
槭樹,松樹,雲杉,冷杉——都睡了。
山坡的石階和山間的溪流與小徑
現在也睡了。狐狸和狼群。熊在洞穴裏。
雪高高地堆積在洞口。
所有的鳥兒在睡。它們的鳴叫
和烏鴉的嘎嘎聲都不再聽到。這是夜,
貓頭鷹空洞的笑也靜了下來。
英國的鄉村沉靜。星星閃爍,
老鼠在悔過。所有的造物都睡了。
死者靜靜地躺在墳墓裏或夢裏,
活着的,睡在他們長袍的海洋中。
每個人都孤單地躺在床上。或摟着
另一個。山坡,樹林,河流,所有的
鳥獸都睡了。所有活着的和死去的。
衹有雪在夜空中飛舞着白色。
那裏,在人類的頭頂,一切也睡了。
天使們在睡。聖徒們,懷着神聖的羞愧,
已淡忘了我們這個苦惱的塵世。
憤怒的地獄之火在睡,天堂的榮耀也在睡。
無人在這昏暗的時辰出門。
甚至上帝也入睡了。大地顯得陌生。
眼睛不再看,耳朵忍受無聲。
惡魔在睡。瘋狂的敵意與他一同
墜入睡眠,在英格蘭白雪覆蓋的鄉野。
騎士們在睡。天使長手持號角
也在睡。馬在夢裏輕微晃動。
所有的小天使擠成一團,被擁抱着,
在聖保羅大教堂的穹頂下安睡。
約翰•鄧恩入睡了。他的詩也睡了。
他的意象,韻腳,他的鬆馳了的
強有力節奏。焦慮和罪孽,
相呼相繼,都在他的音節裏安歇。
每一行詩都在對下一行親人般低語:
“朝前挪動挪動”。但是每一行
都距天國大門如此遙遠,如此可憐,
純淨,稠密,看上去都一樣。
所有的詩行在熟睡,抑揚格的
嚴謹穹頂在升騰中入睡。揚抑格
東倒西歪,像打盹的衛兵。
忘川之水的幻影在沉睡。
詩人的名聲也在它自身裏酣睡。
所有的折磨和苦難都沉入睡眠。
惡習在睡。善睡在惡的臂彎裏。
先知們在睡。漂白的雪穿過
無盡空間,尋找那最後的未覆蓋處。
一切都陷在睡眠裏。一排排的書,
詞語的湍流,覆蓋在遺忘的冰層裏。
所有的言說在睡,它們言說的真理
也在睡。鏈接的鏈條在睡,幾乎不再作響。
一切都在睡:聖徒,惡魔,上帝。
他們的兇惡僕人。孩童。友朋。衹有雪
在昏暗的路上飛撒和嘶嘶作響——
這個世界上再無其他別的聲音。
但是請聽!難道你沒有聽見這寒夜裏
哽咽的聲音,恐懼的低語聲嗎?
那兒有人暴露在嚴鼕的氣流中
並在哭泣。那個人站在稠密的昏暗裏。
他的聲音細小,細小得像一枚
沒有穿上綫的針……他孤身一人
浮遊、穿越在雪中——拖着寒霧的鬥篷——
將黑夜縫嚮黎明,那高懸的黎明。
“這是誰在哭泣?我的天使,是你嗎?
是你隱現在雪中等候,孤獨地
等着我的到來?是你在陰鬱的傢中徘徊,
無愛,而在黑暗中呼喊?”
沒有回答。“是你嗎?哦小天使,你的淚
又把我置於那悲痛的合唱。你是否
已决意要離開這沉睡的教堂?是嗎?”
沒有回答。“是你嗎,保羅?你的聲音
巳被嚴酷的話語磨得如此粗糙。
難道不是你垂着已灰白的頭
在黑暗裏哭泣?”寂靜,沒有回應。
“難道不是那衹護住我遲鈍眼睛的手——
在任何時候——又在那裏隱現?
難道那不是你嗎,主?哦不,我簡直瘋了。
可在那高處確有一個聲音在哭泣。”
沒有回應。寂靜。“是你嗎,加百利,
難道不是你對咆哮的獵犬吹響了號角?
然而衹有我在睜眼站着,當騎士們
把馬鞍配上他們的坐騎?是的,
一切仍在沉睡。濃霧迷漫。天國的獵犬
成群逃散。哦加百利,難道不是你
手持號角,在這嚴鼕的圍困裏哭泣?”
“不,這是我,約翰•鄧恩,你的靈魂。
是我在這天國的高處獨自悲傷,
因為我的勞作給生命展現出
鐵鏈般沉重的感情和思想。
帶着這重負,你才能攀援並高飛在
所有的罪孽與激情之上。
你曾是一隻鳥,到處可見你的人民,
當你從他們屋頂的斜坡上飛過。
你瞥見過所有大海,所有遙遠的陸地。
你目睹過地獄——先是在你的夢裏,
然後它到處醒來。你也見過珍寶般的天堂,
鑲嵌在人類悲慘欲求的框架裏。
你看見生命:你的孿生島嶼。
你從它的岸邊看嚮海洋。咆哮的黑暗
從每一隻手掌上涌來。
你飛着越過上帝,然後又跌落回來,
這重負不會讓你飛嚮那高處,從那裏
這泡沫般的世界不過是幾座高塔
和幾條河流的緞帶,到了那裏,
對低身俯瞰的他來說
可怕的最後審判似乎也不再可怕。
在那個國度裏,光照不會褪色。
從那裏看,這裏衹是一個微弱發熱的夢。
從那裏,我們的主是從霧中、從最遙遠
房屋的窗口透出的光。
但是田野如此荒涼,犁溝未被翻起,
歲月未被耕種,整整一個世紀。
森林站立,如堅固的墻。
傾盆大雨擊打着滿是淚光的草葉。
第一個伐木者——那騎着一匹瘦馬的他,
在叢林的驚慌恐懼中,跌跌撞撞地
爬上松樹,看見了一道突然冒起的
烽煙,在他自己遠方的山𠔌裏。
一切都很遙遠。昏暗在移近。
閃亮的水平綫在遠處的屋脊上升落。
這裏一切明亮。沒有獵犬的吠叫
或激蕩在沉默空氣裏的鐘聲。
而,當他明白一切都很遙遠,
他調頭策馬駛回了森林。
即刻間,繮繩,雪橇,夜,他可憐的坐騎,
他自己——都融入一個聖書的夢境。
“但是,這裏我站立和哭泣。無路可走。
我註定要活在這些墓碑中間。
我怎能以我的肉身飛起;
如此的飛翔對我衹能通過死亡,
在潮濕的大地上,當我忘了你——
我的世界,一次性地,永久地忘記。
我將追隨,在欲望的痛苦折磨中,
以我的肉體來縫補這最後的分離。
但是請聽!當我在這裏用哭泣
驚動你的安睡,匆忙的飛雪穿越黑暗,
它沒有融化,在縫補着破損——
它的針綫在穿梭,在前後翻飛!
這不是我在哭泣,約翰•鄧恩,是你:
你孤獨地躺着。你的鍋碗在櫥櫃裏安睡,
當漂流的雪堆靠近你沉睡的房子,
當篩落的雪片從天國嚮地面飛去。”
如同一隻鳥,他睡在自己的巢穴裏,
他的純粹道路、對更高生命的渴望,
還有他自己都托付給了那顆堅定的星,
此刻它被烏雲遮掩。如同一隻鳥,
他的靈魂純淨,他在大地上的生命
雖然需要有一陣風來滌清,但仍然
比高築在歐椋鳥空巢之上的
烏鴉的窩穴更接近天意。
如同一隻鳥,他將在黎明醒來。
但此刻他仍在白色床單下躺着,
當飛雪和睡眠在他的靈魂和夢着的
肉體之間縫補着悸動的空隙。
一切都睡着了,但那首最後的詩
在等待完成,它齜牙咧嘴,
聲稱塵世之愛衹是詩人的責任,
而神聖的愛纔合乎一個教長的意欲。
無論磨坊怎樣轉動水流,在這人世上,
它都碾磨着同樣粗糙的𠔌粒。
縱使我們的生命可以與人分享,
又有誰和我們分享死亡?
人的衣物露出了破綻,如果他來撕扯,
可以從這邊或那邊。
它成了碎片,但它又全然完整。
再一次它綻裂。衹有上蒼
會在昏暗中帶着復原的針綫縫補。
睡吧,約翰•鄧恩,睡吧。好好睡,別再折磨
你的靈魂。外套破了,所有的紊亂
懸挂在那裏。但是看,有顆星在雲層裏閃亮,
正是它使你的世界一直忍受到現在。
2018年1月9-15日,譯於北京
“不,這是我,約翰•鄧恩,你的靈魂”
——布羅茨基《獻給約翰•鄧恩的哀歌》譯後記
翻譯這首偉大的輓歌,於我首先是出於“回報”。我們都曾受到過布羅茨基的影響。因此,我對這首輓歌的翻譯,如按本雅明在《譯者的使命》中的說法,完全是出自對“生命”的“不能忘懷”。當然,就翻譯本身而言,也是出自語言本身的“未能滿足的要求”。
至於一位俄國年輕詩人(布羅茨基是在23歲時寫下這首詩的!)為什麽會嚮一位十七世紀英國詩人獻上他的輓歌,這裏簡單介紹一下:布羅茨基生性叛逆,早年從高中退學以後邊打工邊寫詩,並自學波蘭語和英語,翻譯了米沃什、約翰•鄧恩等波蘭語和英語詩人。後來在一次訪談中他曾談到鄧恩對他的影響,說他從鄧恩那裏學到了詩歌的結構和陌生化技巧,學到了觀察生活和世界時所采取的態度,等等。這些,我們都可以在這首輓歌中感到。而在翻譯這首詩時,我還不時想起了約翰•鄧恩的一句名言:“全體人類就是一本書。當一個人死亡,這並非有一章被從書中撕去,而是被翻譯成一種更好的語言。”布羅茨基就是一位對生與死、對存在與虛無進行“翻譯”的非凡詩人!據他的早年詩友耐曼回憶,臨近1962年,布羅茨基“開始用自己的聲音講話”(這一年他寫出了他的驚人之作《黑馬》),1963年,他完成了這首約翰•鄧恩輓歌,而到了1965年,他們拜以為師的阿赫瑪托娃“就知道他是一個大師級的詩人,而我們都不知曉。”的確,任何有着詩的敏感的讀者讀了這首輓歌,就會感到“一個大師級的詩人”出現在他們面前。“最主要的事情是構思的宏偉”(布羅茨基)。而這也正是這首輓歌給人的印象。我們也不能不為詩中所展現的非凡構思、想象力、精神視野和詩歌技藝所折服。首先是他非常大膽地刻劃了一長串幾乎無窮無盡的物體的“睡”(這讓我聯想到洛爾迦的那首《伊•桑•梅希亞斯輓歌》,它的第一章也很驚人,一連串穿插了近三十個“在下午五點鐘”)。奧登當年在為布羅茨基英譯詩選作序時,就曾特意提到這一點。而這,不單是寫法上的大膽,這出自一首悲痛輓歌的內在要求。正如有人指出的那樣:“隨着列舉的物件在增加,隨着詩行在增多,形成了一種內部的力量,所描寫的範圍很自然地擴大開來,從房間和近處,擴展到全世界”。(《二十世紀俄羅斯文學史:20-90年代主要作傢》,謝•伊•科爾米洛夫主編,趙丹等譯,南京大學出版社,2017)這就是說,這首輓歌不僅是獻給一位詩人的,也是宇宙性的。它不僅氣象非凡,包容了宏偉而深遠的悲傷音樂,也充滿了為我們一時難以窮盡的精神內涵。而我的翻譯,不僅要使中國讀者從詩人那裏獲得一種非凡的視野,也要使他們能夠真切地“聽出”這首詩,小至一些細節,如“聽不到任何低語聲、簌簌聲和震動。/衹有雪的擠壓聲”(這來自一首詩內部的“擠壓聲”!),高至寒夜蒼穹裏那“哽咽的聲音”,或者說,要最終使他們從自己的生命中也發出這樣的回應:“不,這是我,約翰•鄧恩,你的靈魂”——也衹有這樣,我們才能來到一部偉大作品的面前。我的翻譯依據的是剋萊恩的英譯本。剋萊恩是布羅茨基詩歌最早的譯者之一,1973年就出版了布羅茨基詩選(__Select__ed poems,Joseph Brodsky;translated and introducedby George L. Kline ,with a foreword by W.H.Auden. Penguin),奧登在序言中就極大地肯定了他的翻譯:“我不懂俄語,因此被迫將我的判斷建立在英語譯文上。我認為剋萊恩教授的翻譯公正地對待了原作,其主要理由是它們使我相信約瑟夫•布羅茨基是個優秀的手藝人。”在該序文的最後奧登又說:“讀了剋萊恩教授的翻譯之後,我毫不猶豫地表明,在俄語裏,約瑟夫•布羅茨基一定是個一流的詩人,一個祖國應該為他而驕傲的人,我對他們兩個都很感謝。”剋萊恩譯本是我目前看到的唯一英譯本,當然,我希望還有其他譯本。如按本雅明的說法,偉大的作品一經誕生,它的譯文或者說它的“來世”已在那裏了。而我們的翻譯,無非是再次聽到並響應了這種生命的召喚。
Elegyfor John Donne
John Donne has sunk in sleep...All things beside
are sleeping too: walls, bed, and floor-all sleep.
The table, pictures, carpets, hooks and bolts,
clothes-clo__set__s, cupboards, candles, curtains-all
now sleep: the washbowl, bottle, tumbler, bread,
breadknife and china, crystal, pots and pans,
fresh linen, nightlamp, chests of drawers, a clock,
a mirror, stairway, doors. Night everywhere,
night in all things: in corners, in men's eyes,
in linen, in the papers on a desk,
in the wormed words of stale and sterile speech,
in logs and fire-tongs, in the blackened coals
of a dead fireplace-in each thing.
In undershirts, boots, stockings, shadows, shades,
behind the mirror, on the backs of chairs,
in bed and washbowl, on the crucifix,
in linen, in the broom beside the door,
in slippers. All these things have sunk in sleep.
Yes, all things sleep. The window. Snow beyond.
A roof-slope, whiter than a tablecloth,
the roof's high ridge. A neighborhood in snow,
carved to the quick by this sharp windowframe.
Arches and walls and windows-all asleep.
Wood paving-blocks, stone cobbles, gardens, grills.
No light will flare, no turning wheel will creak. . .
Chains, walled enclosures, ornaments, and curbs.
Doors with their rings, knobs, hooks are all asleep-
their locks and bars, their bolts and cunning keys.
One hears no whisper, rustle, thump, or thud.
Only the snow creaks. All men sleep. Dawn comes
not soon. All jails and locks have lapsed in sleep.
The iron weights in the fish-shop are asleep.
The carcasses of pigs sleep too. Backyards
and houses. Watch-dogs in their chains lie cold.
In cellars sleeping cats hold up their ears.
Mice sleep, and men. And London soundly sleeps.
A schooner nods at anchor. The salt sea
talks in its sleep with snows beneath her hull,
and melts into the distant sleeping sky.
John Donne has sunk in sleep, with him the sea.
Chalk cliffs now tower in sleep above the sand.
This Island sleeps, embraced by lonely dreams,
and every garden now is triple-barred.
The maples, pines, spruce, silver firs-all sleep.
On mountain slopes steep mountain-streams and paths
now sleep. Foxes and wolves. Bears in their dens.
The snowy drifts high at burrow-entrances.
All the birds sleep. Their songs are heard no more.
Nor is the crow's hoarse caw. 'Tis night. The owl's
dark, hollow laugh is silenced now.
The English countryside is still. Stars flame.
The mice are penitent. All creatures sleep.
The dead lie calmly in their graves and dream.
The living, in the oceans of their gowns,
sleep-each alone-within their beds. Or two
by two. Hills, woods, and rivers sleep. All birds
and beasts now sleep-nature alive and dead.
But still the snow spins white from the black sky.
There, high above men's heads, all are asleep.
The angels sleep. Saints-to their saintly shame-
have quite forgotten this our anxious world.
Dark Hell-fires sleep, and glorious Paradise.
No one goes forth from home at this bleak hour.
Even God has gone to sleep. Earth is estranged.
Eyes do not see, and ears perceive no sound.
The Devil sleeps. Harsh enmity has fallen
asleep with him on snowy English fields.
All horsemen sleep. And the Archangel, with
his trumpet. Horses, softly swaying, sleep.
And all the cherubim, in one great host
embracing, doze beneath St. Paul's high dome.
John Donne has sunk in sleep. His verses sleep.
His images, his rhymes, and his strong lines
fade out of view. Anxiety and sin,
alike grown slack, rest in his syllables.
And each verse whispers to its next of kin,
"Move on a bit." But each stands so remote
from Heaven's Gates, so poor, so pure and dense,
that all seem one. All are asleep. The vault
austere of iambs soars in sleep. Like guards,
the trochees stand and nod to left and right.
The vision of Lethean waters sleeps.
The poet's fame sleeps soundly at its side.
All trials, all sufferings, are sunk in sleep.
And vices sleep. Good lies in Evil's arms.
The prophets sleep. The bleaching snow seeks out,
through endless space, the last unwhitened spot.
All things have lapsed in sleep. The swarms of books,
the streams of words, cloaked in oblivion's ice,
sleep soundly. Every speech, each speech's truth,
is sleeping. Linked chains, sleeping, scarcely clank.
All soundly sleep: the saints, the Devil, God.
Their wicked servants. Children. Friends. The snow
alone sifts, rustling, on the darkened roads.
And there are no more sounds in the whole world.
But hark! Do you not hear in the chill night
a sound of sobs, the whispered voice of fear?
There someone stands, disclosed to winter's blast,
and weeps. There someone stands in the dense gloom.
His voice is thin. His voice is needle-thin,
yet without thread. And he in solitude
swims through the falling snow-cloaked in cold mist-
that stitches night to dawn. The lofty dawn.
"Whose sobs are those? My angel, is it thou?
Dost thou await my coming, there alone
beneath the snow? Dost walk-without my love-
in darkness home? Dost thou cry in the gloom?”
No answer.-“Is it you, oh cherubim,
whose muted tears put me in mind
of some sepulchral choir? Have you resolved
to quit my sleeping church? Is it not you?"
No answer.-“Is it thou, oh Paul? Thy voice
most certainly is coarsened by stern speech.
Hast thou not bowed thy grey head in the gloom
to weep?" But only silence makes reply.
“Has not that Hand protected my dull eyes,
that Hand which looms up here and in all times?
Is it not thou, Lord? No, my thought runs wild.
And yet how lofty is the voice that weeps.”
No answer. Silence.-“Gabriel, hast thou
not blown thy trumpet to the roar of hounds?
But did I stand alone with open eyes
while horsemen saddled their swift steeds? Yet each
thing sleeps. Enveloped in huge gloom, the hounds
of Heaven race in packs. Oh Gabriel,
dost thou not sob, encompasséd about
by winter dark, alone, with thy great horn?"
“No, it is I, thy soul, John Donne, who speaks.
I grieve alone upon the heights of Heaven,
because my labors did bring forth to life
feelings and thoughts as heavy as stark chains.
Bearing this burden, thou couldst yet fly up
past those dark sins and passions, mounting higher.
Thou wast a bird, thy people didst thou see
in every place, as thou didst soar above
their sloping roofs. And thou didst glimpse the seas,
and distant lands, and Hell-first in thy dreams,
then waking. Thou didst see a jewelled Heaven
__set__ in the wretched frame of men's low lusts.
Thou sawest Life: thine Island was its twin.
And thou didst face the ocean at its shores.
The howling dark stood close at every hand.
And thou didst soar past God, and then __drop__ back,
for this harsh burden would not let thee rise
to that high vantage point from which this world
seems naught but ribboned rivers and tall towers-
that point from which, to him who downward stares,
this dread Last Judgment seems no longer dread.
The radiance of that Country does not fade.
From thence all here seems a faint, fevered dream.
From thence our Lord is but a light that gleams,
through fog, in window of the farthest house.
The fields lie fallow, furrowed by no plow.
The years lie fallow, and the centuries.
Forests alone stand, like a steady wall.
Enormous rains batter the dripping grass.
The first woodcutter-he whose withered steed,
in panic fear of thickets, blundered thence-
will mount a pine to catch a sudden glimpse
of fires in his own valley, far away.
All things are distant. What is near is dim.
The level glance slides from a roof remote.
All here is bright. No din of baying hound
or tolling bell disturbs the silent air.
And, sensing that all things are far away,
he'll wheel his horse back quickly toward the woods.
And instantly, reins, sledge, night, his poor steed,
himself-will melt into a Scriptural dream.
"But here I stand and weep. The road is gone.
I am condemned to live among these stones.
I cannot fly up in my body's flesh;
such flight at best will come to me through death
in the wet earth, when I've forgotten thee,
my world, forgotten thee once and for all.
I'll follow, in the torment of desire,
to stitch up this last parting with my flesh.
But hark! While here with weeping I disturb
thy rest, the busy snow whirls through the dark,
not melting, as it stitches up this hurt-
its needles flying back and forth, back, forth!
It is not I who sob. 'Tis thou, John Donne:
thou liest alone. Thy pans in cupboards sleep,
while snow builds drifts upon thy sleeping house-
while snow sifts down to earth from highest Heaven."
Like a wild bird, he sleeps in his cold nest,
his pure path and his thirst for purer life,
himself entrusting to that steady star
which now is closed in clouds. Like a wild bird,
his soul is pure, and his life's path on earth,
although it needs must wind through sin, is still
closer to nature than that tall crow's nest
which soars above the starlings' empty homes.
Like a wild bird, he too will wake at dawn;
but now he lies beneath a veil of white,
while snow and sleep stitch up the throbbing void
between his soul and his own dreaming flesh.
All things have sunk in sleep. But one last verse
awaits its end, baring its fangs to snarl
that earthly love is but a poet's duty,
while love celestial is an abbot's flesh.
Whatever millstone these swift waters turn
will grind the same coarse grain in this one world.
For though our life may be a thing to share,
who is there in this world to share our death?
Man's garment gapes with holes. It can be torn
by him who will, at this edge or at that.
It falls to shreds, and is made whole again.
Once more 'tis rent. And only the far sky,
in darkness, brings the healing needle home.
Sleep, John Donne, sleep. Sleep soundly, do not fret
thy soul. As for thy coat, 'tis torn; all limp
it hangs. But see, there from the clouds will shine
that star which made thy world endure till now.
圖源自網絡

中國當代詩人,中國人民大學文學院教授,博士生導師。著有詩集、詩論隨筆集、譯詩集三十多種,另有中外現當代詩歌、詩論集編著數十種,其創作、詩學隨筆、詩歌翻譯均産生廣泛影響,作品被譯成多種文字發表和出版。曾獲多種國內外文學奬、詩學批評奬、翻譯奬和榮譽稱號,其中包括2013年韓國KC國際詩文學奬、2017年“書業年度評選•翻譯奬”、2018年第三屆“李杜詩歌奬•成就奬”、2018年美國文學翻譯協會盧西安•斯特裏剋亞洲文學翻譯奬入圍、2019年海峽兩岸詩會“桂冠詩人”稱號、2020年