亚历山大·谢尔盖耶维奇·普希金（Александр Сергеевич Пушкин，1799年6月6日—1837年2月10日），俄国诗人、作家。

1799年6月6日，出生于莫斯科一个贵族地主家庭。1811年6月，考入皇村学校。1814年7月，诗歌《致诗友》发表在《欧洲通报》上。1817年3月，出版了第一本诗集《亚历山大·普希金诗集》；7月，完成诗歌《自由颂》，造成一定影响。1819年7月，写出诗歌《乡村》。1820年3月，完成第一部长诗《鲁斯兰和柳德米拉》，引起文坛关注。1821年，完成长诗《高加索的俘虏》。1825年，完成短诗《假如生活欺骗了你》。1828年，完成诗体小说《叶甫盖尼·奥涅金》。1830年，参加《文学报》的编辑工作。1833年10月，完成长诗《青铜骑士》；12月30日，被尼古拉一世任命为宫中低级侍从。1836年10月，完成小说《上尉的女儿》。1837年2月10日，因决斗负伤而死 [1]  。

　　Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin (English: /ˈpʊʃkɪn/;[1] Russian: Алекса́ндр Серге́евич Пу́шкин[note 1], tr. Aleksándr Sergéyevich Púshkin, IPA: [ɐlʲɪkˈsandr sʲɪrˈɡʲe(j)ɪvʲɪtɕ ˈpuʂkʲɪn] (About this soundlisten); 6 June [O.S. 26 May] 1799 – 10 February [O.S. 29 January] 1837) was a Russian poet, playwright, and novelist of the Romantic era.[2] He is considered by many to be the greatest Russian poet,[3][4][5][6] and the founder of modern Russian literature.[7][8]
　　
　　Pushkin was born into Russian nobility in Moscow.[9] His father, Sergey Lvovich Pushkin, belonged to Pushkin noble families. His maternal great-grandfather was Central-African-born general Abram Petrovich Gannibal. He published his first poem at the age of 15, and was widely recognized by the literary establishment by the time of his graduation from the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. Upon graduation from the Lycée, Pushkin recited his controversial poem "Ode to Liberty", one of several that led to his exile by Tsar Alexander I of Russia. While under the strict surveillance of the Tsar's political police and unable to publish, Pushkin wrote his most famous play, the drama Boris Godunov. His novel in verse, Eugene Onegin, was serialized between 1825 and 1832.
　　
　　Pushkin was fatally wounded in a duel with his brother-in-law, Georges-Charles de Heeckeren d'Anthès, also known as Dantes-Gekkern, a French officer serving with the Chevalier Guard Regiment, who attempted to seduce the poet's wife, Natalia Pushkina.