埃德加·爱伦·坡（英语：Edgar Allan Poe；1809年1月19日－1849年10月7日），美国作家、诗人、编辑与文学评论家，被尊崇是美国浪漫主义运动要角之一，以悬疑及惊悚小说最负盛名。爱伦·坡是美国的短篇小说先锋之一，萧伯纳说过：美国出了两个伟大的作家——爱伦·坡和马克·吐温。
爱伦·坡生于马萨诸塞州波士顿，本名埃德加·坡，幼时父亲出走，三岁时母亲逝世。坡由维吉尼亚州里奇蒙的约翰与法兰西丝·爱伦夫妇扶养长大，先后在杜伯夫人、伯兰斯比神父开办的学校就读，并回到里奇蒙的学校学习击剑、骑马、游泳、拉丁文和法文等等。在维吉尼亚大学短暂就读、从事军职后，爱伦·坡自费出版了首部作品《帖木尔》（1827年）诗集，就此展开了他的创作生涯。
Edgar Allan Poe (/poʊ/; born Edgar Poe; January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American writer, poet, editor, and literary critic. Poe is best known for his poetry and short stories, particularly his tales of mystery and the macabre. He is widely regarded as a central figure of Romanticism in the United States and of American literature as a whole, and he was one of the country's earliest practitioners of the short story. He is also generally considered the inventor of the detective fiction genre and is further credited with contributing to the emerging genre of science fiction. Poe was the first well-known American writer to earn a living through writing alone, resulting in a financially difficult life and career.
Poe was born in Boston, the second child of actors David and Elizabeth "Eliza" Poe. His father abandoned the family in 1810, and his mother died the following year. Thus orphaned, Poe was taken in by John and Frances Allan of Richmond, Virginia. They never formally adopted him, but he was with them well into young adulthood. Tension developed later as Poe and John Allan repeatedly clashed over Poe's debts, including those incurred by gambling, and the cost of Poe's education. Poe attended the University of Virginia but left after a year due to lack of money. He quarreled with Allan over the funds for his education and enlisted in the United States Army in 1827 under an assumed name. It was at this time that his publishing career began with the anonymous collection Tamerlane and Other Poems (1827), credited only to "a Bostonian". Poe and Allan reached a temporary rapprochement after the death of Allan's wife in 1829. Poe later failed as an officer cadet at West Point, declaring a firm wish to be a poet and writer, and he ultimately parted ways with Allan.