布萊恩特的詩 -- 美國詩歌巡禮(2)
翻譯了《烏鴉》後就想,何不以翻譯詩人代表作的方式對英語國傢的詩人做個巡禮?於是就先有了美國詩歌巡禮這個係列博客。
這是主要為自己以後將中國詩歌譯成英文做準備。先看看、學學以英語為母語的詩人是如何運用英語的,然後才能將自己母語中的優秀作品翻譯成人傢可以接受(當然最好是喜歡)的東西。
博客是我文字的倉庫,是我從事商業翻譯的練習場,有同行來切磋很好,但所謂點擊率、關註度對我沒有任何意義。切記,越清靜越好。
威廉 卡倫 布萊恩特(William Cullen Bryant,1794 -1878)是美國首位自然派詩人。詳細的資料見文後的鏈接。
埃德加 愛倫 坡在他的《詩歌原則》(The Poetic Principle)一文中對布萊恩特評價很高,尤其欣賞他的《六月》這首詩:
“這裏,韻律的流淌是如此的飽滿,再沒有比它更悅耳的了。強烈的悲哀從詩人關於他墓地看似愉悅的言語表面涌出,我們感到觸及靈魂的震顫 – 震顫中有詩意的提升…… 留下的是一種心情舒暢的悲傷。”
(The rhythmical flow, here, is even voluptuous—nothing could be more melodious. The intense melancholy which seems to well up, perforce, to the surface of all the poet's cheerful sayings about his grave, we find thrilling us to the soul—while there is the truest poetic elevation in the thrill... the impression left is one of a pleasurable sadness.)
譯完此詩後,使我不禁想起莊子 “生時樂生,死時樂死”的故事。此詩可以與陶淵明《形影神贈答詩》一起欣賞。我很高興地發現有個美國詩人竟然有道傢創始人之一莊子的境界。就詩歌風格來看,陶詩莊重,而布萊恩特的詩顯得活潑。
《六月》這首詩的韻腳是AB, AB, CC, B, DD。
June六月
作者:布萊恩特
翻譯:秋子樹
I gazed upon the glorious sky
And the green mountains round,
And thought that when I came to lie
At rest within the ground,
"Twere pleasant, that in flowery June,
When brooks send up a cheerful tune,
And groves a joyous sound,
The sexton's hand, my grave to make,
The rich, green mountain-turf should break.
我凝視輝煌的天際
和周圍的蔥翠群山,
就想 當我躺下安息
在大地之下的墳間
多花的六月充滿了歡笑
潺潺小溪奏出歡快麯調,
小樹林裏喜氣洋溢,
教堂司事鏟掉緑油油的草皮
好空出一塊地做我的墓地。
A cell within the frozen mould,
A coffin borne through sleet,
And icy clods above it rolled,
While fierce the tempests beat--
Away!--I will not think of these--
Blue be the sky and soft the breeze,
Earth green beneath the feet,
And be the damp mould gently pressed
Into my narrow place of rest.
小室挖在冰凍的泥中,
一幅棺材穿行在雨凇,
凍土紛紛從上面落下,
狂風暴雨在不停吹打 --
走開!-- 我纔不想這些 --
願天藍藍,風軟軟,
腳下的大地緑油油,
輕輕捶打那潮濕的墓壁
鑲進準備給我安息的空隙。
There through the long, long summer hours,
The golden light should lie,
And thick young herbs and groups of flowers
Stand in their beauty by.
The oriole should build and tell
His love-tale close beside my cell;
The idle butterfly
Should rest him there, and there be heard
The housewife bee and humming-bird.
夏日那長長的白天,
灑滿了金色的陽光,
緑草叢叢百花鮮,
草青青,花競放。
金鶯一邊在我小屋旁築巢,
一邊啁啾它的老相好;
慵懶的蝴蝶不慌不忙
停在旁,還有忙碌的工蜂
和蜂鳥的嗡嗡。
And what if cheerful shouts at noon
Come, from the village sent,
Or songs of maids, beneath the moon
With fairy laughter blent?
And what if, in the evening light,
Betrothed lovers walk in sight
Of my low monument?
I would the lovely scene around
Might know no sadder sight nor sound.
中午或有快樂的喧鬧
來自附近的村莊,
或月光下有少女歌聲的美妙
混合着笑語的叮當,
甚至披着蒼色的夜光,
有訂了婚的情侶徜徉
在我低矮的墓碑旁。
我就會知道那是多麽可愛的情景
沒有凄慘的聲,沒有哀傷的影。
I know that I no more should see
The season's glorious show,
Nor would its brightness shine for me,
Nor its wild music flow;
But if, around my place of sleep,
The friends I love should come to weep,
They might not haste to go.
Soft airs, and song, and light, and bloom
Should keep them lingering by my tomb.
我知道到時我再也看不見
這個季節的好時光,
再也沒有明亮的光綫
也聽不到音樂奏響;
不過如果在我的安息地,
有好朋友來哭泣,
他們離開時將不會那樣匆忙。
溫柔的空氣,歌聲,光,和花
將留住他們在我墳旁盤桓
These to their softened hearts should bear
The thought of what has been,
And speak of one who cannot share
The gladness of the scene;
Whose part, in all the pomp that fills
The circuit of the summer hills,
Is that his grave is green;
And deeply would their hearts rejoice
To hear again his living voice.
他們被感動了的心將記住
活在當下,珍惜今生,
並會談到 有舊時的朋友
不能分享當時的良辰美景。
在夏季山巒的巡回裏
有他添加的一份壯麗,
他的墓地是否緑草常青;
他們的內心一定會充滿歡欣
因為再次聽到他生動的聲音。