鲍利斯·列奥尼多维奇·帕斯捷尔纳克，苏联作家、诗人。主要作品有诗集《云雾中的双子座星》、《生活是我的姐妹》等。他因发表长篇小说《日瓦戈医生》于1958年获诺贝尔文学奖。
帕斯捷尔纳克1890年2月10日生于莫斯科。父亲列昂尼德·奥西波维奇·帕斯捷尔纳克是莫斯科美术，雕塑、建筑学院教授，著名画家，曾为托尔斯泰作品画过插图。母亲是著名钢琴家，鲁宾斯坦的学生。与父母过从甚密的奥地利诗人里尔克启发了他对诗歌的爱好，是他一生喜爱的诗人。童年时代他受到邻居、俄国著名作曲家斯克里亚宾的影响，立志当音乐家，在音乐学院教授指导下学习音乐理论和作曲。1909年。他入莫斯科大学法律系，后转入历史哲学系，1912年夏赴德国马尔堡大学，在科恩教授指导下攻读德国哲学，研究新康德主义学说。第一次世界大战期间回国，因健康原因未服兵役，在乌拉尔一家工厂当办事员。十月革命后他从乌拉尔返回莫斯科，任教育人民部图书馆职员。1913年，他开始同未来派诗人交往，在他们发行的杂志《抒情诗刊》上发表诗作，并结识了勒布洛夫和马雅可夫斯基。他以后的创作受到未来派的影响。1914年，第一部诗集《云雾中的双子星座》问世，1916年，他出版第二部诗集《在街垒之上》，步入诗坛。在1922年至1932年的10年中，出版了诗集《生活啊，我的姐妹》（1922）、《主题和变调》（1923）、叙事诗《施密特中尉》（1926）、《一九〇五年》（1927），还发表了中短篇小说《柳威尔斯的童年》（1922）、《空中路》（1924）、自传体散文《安全证书》（1931）。
Boris Leonidovich Pasternak (Russian: Бори́с Леони́дович Пастерна́к) (10 February 1890 – 30 May 1960) was a Nobel Prize-winning Russian and Soviet poet of Jewish descent, novelist and translator of Goethe and Shakespeare. In Russia, Pasternak is most celebrated as a poet. My Sister Life, written in 1917, is one of the most influential collections of poetry published in the Russian language in the 20th century. In the West he is best known for his epic novel Doctor Zhivago, a tragedy whose events span the last period of the Russian Empire and the early days of the Soviet Union. It was first translated and published in Italy in 1957. He helped give birth to the dissident movement with the publication of Doctor Zhivago.
Several of Pasternak's relations moved to Lithuania after the October Revolution and there are 4 direct descendants left there. A cousin's family is buried in Antakalnis cemetery, in Vilnius.
Yet another cousin, the poet Leon Pasternak moved to Poland. As a result of work for the Socialist Revolutionary movement, he was interned at the Bereza Kartuska detention camp in 1934.
Early life
Pasternak was born in Moscow on 10 February, (Gregorian), 1890 (Julian 29 January) into a wealthy and assimilated Russian-Jewish family. His father was the famous artist, Leonid Pasternak, professor at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture, and his mother was Rosa (Raitza) Kaufman, a concert pianist. Pasternak was brought up in a highly cosmopolitan and intellectual atmosphere: family friends and regular visitors to his childhood home included pianist and composer Sergei Rachmaninoff, composer and mystic Alexander Scriabin, existentialist Lev Shestov, poet Rainer Maria Rilke, and writer Leo Tolstoy. Pasternak aspired first to be a composer, turned next to philosophy and then eventually to writing as his vocation.