莫里斯·布朗肖 (法語:Maurice Blanchot,1907年9月22日-2003年2月20日),法国著名作家、思想家、欧陆哲学家。
生平
1907年生于索恩-卢瓦尔,1923年升入斯特拉斯堡大学,学习德语和哲学,1925年终身挚友伊曼纽尔·列维纳斯相遇。在学习哲学的列维纳斯引介下,布朗肖开始接触现象学和海德格尔,又经由海德格尔,布朗肖深化了作为他核心论题的死亡哲学;而在德语领域,对应的则是同样身为犹太人的卡夫卡伴随了布朗肖的一生。1929年,布朗肖动身前往巴黎,以《怀疑论者的独断主义概念》在索邦大学学成学业。他的作品深深影响了法国思想界,尤其是后结构主义的哲学家,例如雅克·德里达等。
Maurice Blanchot (/blænˈʃoʊ/; French: [blɑ̃ʃo]; 22 September 1907 – 20 February 2003) was a French writer, philosopher, and literary theorist. His work had a strong influence on post-structuralist philosophers such as Gilles Deleuze, Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, and Jean-Luc Nancy.
Biography
Pre-1945
Blanchot was born in the village of Quain (Saône-et-Loire) on 22 September 1907.
Blanchot studied philosophy at the University of Strasbourg, where he became a close friend of the Lithuanian-born French Jewish phenomenologist Emmanuel Levinas. He then embarked on a career as a political journalist in Paris. From 1932 to 1940 he was editor of the mainstream conservative daily the Journal des débats. In 1930 he earned his DES (diplôme d'études supérieures [fr]), roughly equivalent to an M.A. at the University of Paris, with a thesis titled "La Conception du Dogmatisme chez les Sceptiques anciens d'après Sextus Empiricus" ("The Conception of Dogmatism in the Ancient Sceptics According to Sextus Empiricus").
Early in the 1930s he contributed to a series of radical nationalist magazines while also serving as editor of the fiercely anti-German daily Le rempart in 1933 and as editor of Paul Lévy's anti-Nazi polemical weekly Aux écoutes. In 1936 and 1937 he also contributed to the far right monthly Combat and to the nationalist-syndicalist daily L'Insurgé, which eventually ceased publication – largely as a result of Blanchot's intervention – because of the anti-semitism of some of its contributors. There is no dispute that Blanchot was nevertheless the author of a series of violently polemical articles attacking the government of the day and its confidence in the politics of the League of Nations, and warned persistently against the threat to peace in Europe posed by Nazi Germany.