詩歌回響〡威·巴·葉芝【英國】:一九一六年復活節
袁可嘉〡譯 世界文學WorldLiterature 2019-07-24

編者按
1916年4月24日,愛爾蘭共和兄弟會在都柏林發動起義,反對英國統治,成立愛爾蘭共和國,慘遭英軍鎮壓,殉難者中頗多葉芝的朋友。受英國當局暴行的刺激以及起義者英勇精神的感染,葉芝放下了與朋友的個人恩怨和思想分歧,收回了他對暴力革命的懷疑態度,開始歌頌起義者對民族主權的堅定捍衛,對民族獨立事業的悲壯貢獻。在《一九一六年復活節》這首詩裏,葉芝不斷重複“一種可怖的美已經誕生”,意在提醒世人,那些我們認為有意義或“美麗”的歷史時刻往往是充滿殺戮、血流成河的恐怖時刻。
北愛爾蘭演員連姆·尼森(Liam Neeson)朗誦《一九一六年復活節》
Easter, 1916
一九一六年復活節
By William Yeats
威廉•葉芝著 袁可嘉譯
I have met them at close of day
Coming with vivid faces
From counter or desk among grey
Eighteenth-century houses.
I have passed with a nod of the head
Or polite meaningless words,
Or have lingered awhile and said
Polite meaningless words,
And thought before I had done
Of a mocking tale or a gibe
To please a companion
Around the fire at the club,
Being certain that they and I
But lived where motley is worn:
All changed, changed utterly:
A terrible beauty is born.

日暮時分我看見他們
帶着活潑的神采,
從灰暗的十八世紀房子,
從櫃臺、辦公桌走出來。
我走過去,點一點頭,
說些無意義的客套,
或逗留一會,說幾句
無意義的話,表示禮貌;
交談未完,我已想到
諷刺故事或挖苦話,
好在俱樂部爐火一旁
逗朋友們樂一下。
我相信,他們和我一樣,
不過在小醜之鄉營生:
一切都變了,徹底變了:
一種可怖的美已經誕生。

That woman's days were spent
In ignorant good-will,
Her nights in argument
Until her voice grew shrill.
What voice more sweet than hers
When, young and beautiful,
She rode to harriers?
This man had kept a school
And rode our wingèd horse;
This other his helper and friend
Was coming into his force;
He might have won fame in the end,
So sensitive his nature seemed,
So daring and sweet his thought.
This other man I had dreamed
A drunken, vainglorious lout.
He had done most bitter wrong
To some who are near my heart,
Yet I number him in the song;
He, too, has resigned his part
In the casual comedy;
He, too, has been changed in his turn,
Transformed utterly:
A terrible beauty is born.
那個女人①大白天
辦事憑愚昧的好心腸,
到晚上則與人爭辯
直到嗓門嘶嘶響;
當她年輕又漂亮,
追捕野兔騎着馬,
沒誰的嗓子賽過她。
這男子②辦了一所學校,
他騎着我們的天馬,
那一位③是他助手和朋友,
他的部隊他參加;.
也許他最終把名望爭到,
他脾性善感多愁,
他思想大膽而美好。
另一個④,我曾認為
是個酒鬼,愛虛榮的蠢人,
他對我那位心愛者,
幹過最痛心的惡行。
但我在歌中還要提到他,
他也從偶然的喜劇裏,
把自己的角色辭掉,⑤
輪到他,他也變了樣,
徹底改變了:
一種可怖的美已經誕生。
① 指麥剋顯維奇伯爵夫人(1868—1927),她參加起義,被判死刑,後改為長期監禁。
② 指帕特利剋·皮爾斯(1879—1916),起義軍領袖,被處極刑。
③ 指托馬斯·麥剋唐納(1878—1916),詩人兼劇作傢。
④ 指約翰·麥剋布拉特上校,毛特·戈尼之夫。起義時,他們已分居多年。




從上至下,從左至右:麥剋顯維奇伯爵夫人、帕特利剋·皮爾斯、托馬斯·麥剋唐納、約翰·麥剋布拉特上校。
Hearts with one purpose alone
Through summer and winter seem
Enchanted to a stone
To trouble the living stream.
The horse that comes from the road,
The rider, the birds that range
From cloud to tumbling cloud,
Minute by minute they change;
A shadow of cloud on the stream
Changes minute by minute;
A horse-hoof slides on the brim,
And a horse plashes within it;
The long-legged moor-hens dive,
And hens to moor-cocks call;
Minute by minute they live:
The stone's in the midst of all.
衆心靈衹懷一個目標,
經過一夏又一鼕,
似乎中邪成岩石,
使活躍的河水不動。
從大路過來的馬匹,
騎馬者和從雲霞
飛嚮雲霞翻滾的鳥
一分一秒地變化;
落在河水中的雲影
一分一秒地改變,
一隻馬蹄從水邊滑落,
一匹馬拍打於水間;
長腳母鬆雞往下衝,
對着公鬆雞啼鳴,
一分一秒地活着,
岩石居於一切的中心。

Too long a sacrifice
Can make a stone of the heart.
O when may it suffice?
That is Heaven's part, our part
To murmur name upon name,
As a mother names her child
When sleep at last has come
On limbs that had run wild.
What is it but nightfall?
No, no, not night but death;
Was it needless death after all?
For England may keep faith
For all that is done and said.
We know their dream; enough
To know they dreamed and are dead;
And what if excess of love
Bewildered them till they died?
I write it out in a verse—
MacDonagh and MacBride
And Connolly and Pearse
Now and in time to be,
Wherever green is worn,
Are changed, changed utterly:
A terrible beauty is born.

1916年復活節起義袖章
歷時太久的犧牲
能使心硬如岩石,
哦,何時犧牲算到頭?
那要上帝來回答。
我們衹能把人名輕喚,
如母親叫喚孩兒名,
當睡眠終於來臨,
使撒野的四肢安靜。 .
難道這就是夜晚降臨?
不,不,這不是夜而是死;
難道這不是多餘的死?
英國也許會恪守信義,
不管她說過、做過什麽事⑥
我們深知他們的夢想,
知道他們做過夢,已去世,
也就夠了,興許是過度的愛
使他們迷亂而致死?
我要在詩中寫道——
麥剋唐納和麥剋布拉特,
康諾利和皮爾斯,
今天和未來的日子,
凡懸挂緑色標幟之城⑦,
他們都變了,徹底變了:
一種可怖的美已經誕生。
⑤ “偶然的喜劇”,指起以前的愛爾蘭的平庸生活。意思是說,他也擺脫了無聊的生活,投入起義時的悲劇。
⑥英國政府曾允諾愛爾蘭有自治權。
⑦愛爾蘭人習慣以緑色作為民族喜慶的標志。

作者介紹

威廉·勃特勒·葉芝(W. B. Yeats,1865—1939),愛爾蘭詩人和劇作傢,生於愛爾蘭都柏林,曾參加並領導愛爾蘭文藝復興運動。1923年,獲諾貝爾文學奬。
原載於《世界文學》1988年第4期
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