诗歌回响〡威·巴·叶芝【英国】:一九一六年复活节
袁可嘉〡译 世界文学WorldLiterature 2019-07-24
编者按
1916年4月24日,爱尔兰共和兄弟会在都柏林发动起义,反对英国统治,成立爱尔兰共和国,惨遭英军镇压,殉难者中颇多叶芝的朋友。受英国当局暴行的刺激以及起义者英勇精神的感染,叶芝放下了与朋友的个人恩怨和思想分歧,收回了他对暴力革命的怀疑态度,开始歌颂起义者对民族主权的坚定捍卫,对民族独立事业的悲壮贡献。在《一九一六年复活节》这首诗里,叶芝不断重复“一种可怖的美已经诞生”,意在提醒世人,那些我们认为有意义或“美丽”的历史时刻往往是充满杀戮、血流成河的恐怖时刻。
北爱尔兰演员连姆·尼森(Liam Neeson)朗诵《一九一六年复活节》
Easter, 1916
一九一六年复活节
By William Yeats
威廉•叶芝著 袁可嘉译
I have met them at close of day
Coming with vivid faces
From counter or desk among grey
Eighteenth-century houses.
I have passed with a nod of the head
Or polite meaningless words,
Or have lingered awhile and said
Polite meaningless words,
And thought before I had done
Of a mocking tale or a gibe
To please a companion
Around the fire at the club,
Being certain that they and I
But lived where motley is worn:
All changed, changed utterly:
A terrible beauty is born.
日暮时分我看见他们
带着活泼的神采,
从灰暗的十八世纪房子,
从柜台、办公桌走出来。
我走过去,点一点头,
说些无意义的客套,
或逗留一会,说几句
无意义的话,表示礼貌;
交谈未完,我已想到
讽刺故事或挖苦话,
好在俱乐部炉火一旁
逗朋友们乐一下。
我相信,他们和我一样,
不过在小丑之乡营生:
一切都变了,彻底变了:
一种可怖的美已经诞生。
That woman's days were spent
In ignorant good-will,
Her nights in argument
Until her voice grew shrill.
What voice more sweet than hers
When, young and beautiful,
She rode to harriers?
This man had kept a school
And rode our wingèd horse;
This other his helper and friend
Was coming into his force;
He might have won fame in the end,
So sensitive his nature seemed,
So daring and sweet his thought.
This other man I had dreamed
A drunken, vainglorious lout.
He had done most bitter wrong
To some who are near my heart,
Yet I number him in the song;
He, too, has resigned his part
In the casual comedy;
He, too, has been changed in his turn,
Transformed utterly:
A terrible beauty is born.
那个女人①大白天
办事凭愚昧的好心肠,
到晚上则与人争辩
直到嗓门嘶嘶响;
当她年轻又漂亮,
追捕野兔骑着马,
没谁的嗓子赛过她。
这男子②办了一所学校,
他骑着我们的天马,
那一位③是他助手和朋友,
他的部队他参加;.
也许他最终把名望争到,
他脾性善感多愁,
他思想大胆而美好。
另一个④,我曾认为
是个酒鬼,爱虚荣的蠢人,
他对我那位心爱者,
干过最痛心的恶行。
但我在歌中还要提到他,
他也从偶然的喜剧里,
把自己的角色辞掉,⑤
轮到他,他也变了样,
彻底改变了:
一种可怖的美已经诞生。
① 指麦克显维奇伯爵夫人(1868—1927),她参加起义,被判死刑,后改为长期监禁。
② 指帕特利克·皮尔斯(1879—1916),起义军领袖,被处极刑。
③ 指托马斯·麦克唐纳(1878—1916),诗人兼剧作家。
④ 指约翰·麦克布拉特上校,毛特·戈尼之夫。起义时,他们已分居多年。
从上至下,从左至右:麦克显维奇伯爵夫人、帕特利克·皮尔斯、托马斯·麦克唐纳、约翰·麦克布拉特上校。
Hearts with one purpose alone
Through summer and winter seem
Enchanted to a stone
To trouble the living stream.
The horse that comes from the road,
The rider, the birds that range
From cloud to tumbling cloud,
Minute by minute they change;
A shadow of cloud on the stream
Changes minute by minute;
A horse-hoof slides on the brim,
And a horse plashes within it;
The long-legged moor-hens dive,
And hens to moor-cocks call;
Minute by minute they live:
The stone's in the midst of all.
众心灵只怀一个目标,
经过一夏又一冬,
似乎中邪成岩石,
使活跃的河水不动。
从大路过来的马匹,
骑马者和从云霞
飞向云霞翻滚的鸟
一分一秒地变化;
落在河水中的云影
一分一秒地改变,
一只马蹄从水边滑落,
一匹马拍打于水间;
长脚母松鸡往下冲,
对着公松鸡啼鸣,
一分一秒地活着,
岩石居于一切的中心。
Too long a sacrifice
Can make a stone of the heart.
O when may it suffice?
That is Heaven's part, our part
To murmur name upon name,
As a mother names her child
When sleep at last has come
On limbs that had run wild.
What is it but nightfall?
No, no, not night but death;
Was it needless death after all?
For England may keep faith
For all that is done and said.
We know their dream; enough
To know they dreamed and are dead;
And what if excess of love
Bewildered them till they died?
I write it out in a verse—
MacDonagh and MacBride
And Connolly and Pearse
Now and in time to be,
Wherever green is worn,
Are changed, changed utterly:
A terrible beauty is born.
1916年复活节起义袖章
历时太久的牺牲
能使心硬如岩石,
哦,何时牺牲算到头?
那要上帝来回答。
我们只能把人名轻唤,
如母亲叫唤孩儿名,
当睡眠终于来临,
使撒野的四肢安静。 .
难道这就是夜晚降临?
不,不,这不是夜而是死;
难道这不是多余的死?
英国也许会恪守信义,
不管她说过、做过什么事⑥
我们深知他们的梦想,
知道他们做过梦,已去世,
也就够了,兴许是过度的爱
使他们迷乱而致死?
我要在诗中写道——
麦克唐纳和麦克布拉特,
康诺利和皮尔斯,
今天和未来的日子,
凡悬挂绿色标帜之城⑦,
他们都变了,彻底变了:
一种可怖的美已经诞生。
⑤ “偶然的喜剧”,指起以前的爱尔兰的平庸生活。意思是说,他也摆脱了无聊的生活,投入起义时的悲剧。
⑥英国政府曾允诺爱尔兰有自治权。
⑦爱尔兰人习惯以绿色作为民族喜庆的标志。
作者介绍
威廉·勃特勒·叶芝(W. B. Yeats,1865—1939),爱尔兰诗人和剧作家,生于爱尔兰都柏林,曾参加并领导爱尔兰文艺复兴运动。1923年,获诺贝尔文学奖。
原载于《世界文学》1988年第4期
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