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  West Piedmont egrets fly, peach water mandarin fish fertilizer.
  Green Ruo Li, Green hygrophila and Inclined rain do not need to go.
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古风
Li Bai
古风
古风
  Daya long-suppressed for, I actually who declined Chen. The king appointed Creeping, Warring States more Jingzhen.
  Fresh taste dragon and the tiger, Bing Ge Qin arrest crazy. Ho Wei Mang is sound, plaintive Literary Men.
  Yang Ma shock wave decadent, open wandering boundless. Fei Xing Although changing, the Charter has been occupied by the enemy.
  Since Jian years, less than beautiful Jane. Sundae recovery of ancient, Islamic hanging your clothes.
  Group is closed until tomorrow, by operation of jump scales. Wen Chih Bing-Hwan phase, stars Luoqiu Min.
  I deleted the above aim at, vertical showcase Chiharu. XiSheng if established, must document in the Huolin.
  Toad thin Taiqing, Yaotai loss this month. Circle of light losses in the sky, gold soul then occupied by the enemy did not.
  Di rainbow into Ziwei, large personal ends Zhaohui. Clouds across the two Yao, Fei Yin Vientiane faint.
  Xiao Xiao Nagato Palace, formerly a non-far completed. False flower beetles Gui, Wei Yan frost days.
  Yong-Xi Shen final sigh, a sense I tear Zhan Yi.
  Qinhuang under Heaven, Hu Shi Xiong Zai. Feijian must clouds, princes to do the West.
  Judicious self-revelation, Ontario riding group only. Withdraw troops cast Jin, Han Gu open due east.
  Ming-Ling Gong Kuaiji, distant view Langyatai. Prisoners 700 000, from the soil Lishan Okuma.
  Sance elixir, a loss to heart sad. Improving Connected Crossbows shoot fish, long whale is Cui Wei.
  Frontonasal as the saying, Yang Lei wave spray cloud. Dorsal bristles cover the blue sky, see how the Penglai.
  Qin Xu market contains female, floor, when ships return. See, however, three Izumishita, gold coffin cold gray.
  Feng Fei 9000 yards, five chapters prepared color Jane. Title of the book and return empty, empty into the week and Qin.
  Hengjue universal calendar, the home without neighbors. I camp Placenta, Thousand Years down Aeolian.
  Drug secret Hai Yue, Qing Xi Bin lead mining. Mountain building when the board, their hands really hope cents.
  Yu drive off to the movies, drag racing must back wheel. Dan is still fear of liquid later, less voluntary application.
  Made only cream in the mirror, shame he crane Master. Where peach and plum opening, the flowers not my spring.
  Environment should be clear are the only long and pro-Korean congregation.
  Taibai what the green stars on the forest out. To day 300, the Miao and the world must Seoul.
  Have green hair Weng, Pi Yun lying loose snow. Do not laugh nor language offerings habitat in the caves.
  I came to every real, Zhang Gui asked Po tactic. Beaming Kai Yu teeth, granted to said mixing drugs.
  Ming bone mass of their language choice between body has power off. Look not and, Cang V. However, the situation hot.
  Happiness of the camp cinnabar, John and other people in the world.
  On behalf of the horses do not think the more, the more love birds do not swallow. Feeling some practice, solid earth wind its course.
  Xi Do Yanmenguan, this Shu Long Pretrial. Panic disorder sand sea days, snow days, fans Hu.
  Nit lice tiger man and his health, heart and soul by Jing Zhan. Fighting hard power does not reward loyalty is difficult to declare.
  Li Fei, who will pity, not white, triangular.
  Dipsacus Northwest ago, Feifei Ling Taiqing. Immortal Lvyun on Road Safety on the name since.
  22 white children, Sheng Luan purple double blow. To shadow suddenly gone, return air delivery days sound.
  I would like a question of, and floated if the meteor. Ready meals golden grass, life and the days of Qi dumping.
  Xianyang 2 March, Liu Jin-Zhi Huang Temple. Green conical cap someone's son, selling beads thin child.
  Sunset drink go, pride and Chi White Horse. Yang emotional person, the rule of wandering in a timely manner.
  Sub-cloud knows all things, Xian Yang night speech. Fu has been up to the old body, if the wire coming from the grass Yuen.
  Good Investment House deplorable, but this generation laugh.
  Zhuang Zhou Meng Hu Die, Hu Die was disillusioned. One more shift, everything good comes first.
  I realized that Penglai water complex to clean and shallow stream. Green door tending to people, the old Tanglin Hou.
  Wealth so that, doing what the business requirements.
  Ti Tang Qi with students, Lu Lian special sublime. Moon out of the sea, and once the opening Yao.
  But Qinzhen Ying Sheng, Yang-end photo later. Italian light daughter gifts, Gu Xiangping original laugh.
  ; I Dan Dang man, Fu Yi be the same tune.
  Go Dongming Yellow River, White Sunset West Sea. River and streamer death, uncertain without treatment.
  Chun Yung-house I went, hair fall has declined to change. Life of non-Han Song, Qi Long years in appearance.
  I when the clouds by Chi, smoking scene in glory.
  Evergreen the lone straight, can not do anything Tao Li Yan. Visible Yan Ziling, fishing, T.-P. room.
  The body will guest star hidden, mind, and clouds busy. Changyiwancheng Jun, also owned by Fuchun Mountains.
  Sprinkle breeze Luhe, Miaoran can not climb. Made me a long sigh, deep habitat rocks.
  Kunpei both die, the world has abandoned Kunpei. View poorer too easily, exploration element of sentient beings.
  Lonely Road of decorated, air curtain closed times past. Zou Yu is true to, Yue Zhuo Ming times.
  Know that the days of the Han, the sun hanging Takana. Haike to have been a long time, who measured Shen Ming.
  Woo, Kwan, Rao sandy, desolate actually Zhong Gu. Kiochi Akigusa Huang, Wang Rong prisoner climb.
  Araki empty desert, side-eup exhaustive block. Cross bones 1000 cream, Saga cover Zhenmang.
  By asked who abuse, Tianjiao powerful drug. He anger I Sheng Huang, Lao Shi things Pigu.
  Yang and become murderous, hair Death Sao Turkey. 36 million people, mourn the passage of tears like rain.
  And grief on the line served, Andhra Camp Farm. Not see the battlefield children, turned out Guanshan bitter.
  Li Mu this is not, people close to feed jackal tiger.
  Yanzhao Yan Guo Kui, then build gold sets. Zhao Xin side to play, Zou Yan Fu Come.
  It is regrettable that Albatron disabilities, abandoned me as dust. Bead to buy songs to laugh, Zaokang keep talented people.
  We know the Yellow Crane move thousands of miles back to PEI alone.
  Sword double dragon, Hibiscus snow photo. Nothing left radio world, not mine Teng Chong.
  To do a gold box, flying from Shen loss phase. Hu has long been the wind off, so the potential of its front.
  Wu depth bottomless, Chu Shan Miao thousand. Male and female end are not separated and the sacred will be when every.
  Jinhua Mu Yang Er, but Zi Yan customer. I would like from the Tour, not to have white hair.
  I do not know busy child, choose and what other alternatives. Kunshan King Mining core, can be refined refined soul.
  Tianjin March, 1000 Peach and Lee. Heartbroken towards the flower, evening by the East water.
  After the water before the water complex, ancient and modern with freewheeling. New non-old people, middle bridge upstream.
  Sea cock color move, Ye Tai Lo princes. West on the sun falls, the other half Hui tower.
  Dress according to cloud day, down San Wong states. Pommel horse, such as dragon, gold contact Ma Tau.
  Pedestrians are the provision of easy ambition Wang Song Hill. Introduction to the Diocese, out wrong Zhen Xiu Ding.
  Hong Feng Zhao Citation dance, pigging with Qi Ou. 70 purple duck, both play quiet court.
  Competition piper day and night, from the degree of future generations made. Reclaim body off the ground, more fault in particular, since ancient times.
  Yellow-dog air, alas, role in today into Wuhan as enemies. Ru Owls Yi son, distribute Zhao boat.
  Xiyue Lotus Hill, the span of see stars. Su hand hibiscus, false step tread too pure.
  Colourful drag wide belt line Fimbristylis ascended to heaven. Asked me to board the head, high military's health Shuqing.
  Huang Huang contrast to, driving purple Ming Hung Ling. Overlooking Luoyang River, vast walk Hu Bing.
  Tu blood grass, wolves do crown Ying.
  Xi I swim Sarkozy, gordon not note peak. He Junxiu hereby Hill, Green Jade, such as hibiscus.
  Hsiao Sa ancient immortal, the knowledge is Akamatsu. Loan of a deer, since relying on the two Dragon.
  King Ling smiled back, pleased like phase from. Other relatives and friends weeping, swallow repeatedly hesitant.
  Xu Jun heart pine, hard frost protection. World Road more dangerous storm, day bully roots.
  Break up the miles, over and over again when it also. Complex when alive, prosperous and as Piaofeng degrees.
  Zijin by air smell, white unhappy with the first error. Fu has been overlooked since the smiling, pondering whom it.
  Fame and fortune only suffering, Andhra leisure Yubu. Red jade slipper finally left, East on Penglai Road.
  Qin Emperor, as I seek, but the smoke gray.
  Ying Yin-off snow, leaving blue sky flying ring. Song song in vain, Who the world pass.
  Test for the Palestinian people to sing, and thousands upon is. Sufferance Yongzheng, sad sigh empty.
  Do not water the first Qin Long, Youyan more Beisheng. Shuo Ma Hu Gu snow, Po CDs long scream.
  Sense of things moving in my mind and go situation with Burma course. Xi as the autumn moths fly, students today see the silkworms.
  Mulberry leaf curl, lush Yanagidare Wing. Xie water emergency section, restrain heart shake hanging banner.
  Command to aldicarb and complex, sad sad He Shiping.
  Liquid chromatography as white as jade, the next round in court green. I suddenly saw a line of winter and early age to promote grief.
  Life birds have a look, Hu is from the end. View Public 1 Ho Yu, Ushiyama continued with tears.
  Bitter things I do not know enough, have another look Lung Shu. People if the waves, the world road buckling.
  36000 days, every night when the candlelight.
  Yang cart dust, Ting Wu dark terraced rice paddies. In your multi-gold, open Jiazhai Lianyun.
  Road every cock fighting were, crowns He Hui He. Breath dry rainbow, pedestrians are Chuti.
  World No Ear Weng, Yao and plantar Who knows.
  Shidao pay funeral day, the wind scattered sun pouring source. Fang Gui does not adopt the anti-evil Mugen habitat.
  So, peach and plum trees, flowers Jingbu spit words. Xing Da Yun has not, group dynamic competition flying.
  Return Guangchengzi to the door into the infinite.
  Bihe Health and You Quan, Asahi Yan and fresh. Autumn flowers to take green water, close Ye Luoqing smoke.
  Xiuse air masterpiece, fragrant who actually pass. Forever & ever sit over and ends with this Hongfang years.
  Without the root node is willing to trust Chinese side of the pool.
  Hebei has Xiuse, Yee Yun-side floor. Looks brilliant moonlight, smile Allure Huan.
  Constant fear and fields are green night, sat weeping cold autumn wind. Real estate broker complained Yuqin, from early morning sigh.
  Then nothing is even gentlemen, Carpool Flying Luan.
  Rong Yan Ruofei electricity, when the King as Piaofeng. Grass-green cream has been white, western Japan on resumption of the East.
  Chinese temples intolerance autumn, however Sa Punta into decline. Since ancient times, Xian Sheng people, 11 who succeeded.
  Gentleman changed ape Crane, villains to the trouble. Not as wide as children, Riding on clouds hung light.
  Three quarters of sub-Warring States, Minao into a mess. Wang Feng He Yuan Nu, Shidao finally took divergent.
  Perfect Human Dongxuan like, holding Ling Zixia. For floating sea-Zhong Ni, Wu Zu of the quicksand.
  Sages were not occupied by the enemy, Hu A state of temporary differences is cheap.
  Hyeonpung change Swire, Road no Shihai funeral. Ye people hurrying quarter, cock trend four Guan.
  But knowledge, Kinmen and Matsu door, Who knows Penglai Hill. White's first death Luo Qi, laughing when no idle song.
  Green wine more than the Dan liquid, Green E withered makeup. Confucianist command gold cone, silver in the Celestial room.
  Gray three trees, deep head how can he climb.
  Cheng-off west into the customs, trekking not have. White Horse Huashan Jun, come across the valley.
  Left Ho Chi Bi Jun, next year, long dead ancestors. Qin said, with that, I carry on is to go.
  One to the Peach Blossom Spring, 1000 Spring separated flow.
  Mat Su Kim received gas, the West Sea on Lu string. Order No. Suganthawanit Xuan, a sense of things worry prodigiously.
  Auspicious actually sort of, Grand Canal has suddenly occupied by the enemy. Mening profile for health, long night without stars.
  Grieved not bear words, Lamentations catch Mingfa.
  North sea with an enormous fish, thousands of miles in length. Yang spray three mountain snow, cross rivers swallow water.
  Encroach with the sea, Dan He because of the wind. I watch Tian Fei, nine of not have.
  Yuxi, such as meteors, tiger meet special city. Noisy hue edge acute, birds of all night-ming.
  Yao Zi-wei day, Excellencies transport balance. Obtains a world, Dan Ran universally clear.
  This by asking what, Dayan Chuzheng Bing. Du Lu, and in May, will go to Yunnan sign.
  Cowardly pawn non-combatants, Yan Fang difficult to travel. Trombone Do strict parents, sun, moon and tragic light crystal.
  Do followed by weeping blood, destroyed two silent heart. Hedge when the Tigers, bait the poor whale Ben.
  1000 to mixed back, cast footer Qi all students. How to Dance dry Qi, a level so that seedlings.
  Ugly to effectively knit the brows, but also scared his neighbors home. Shou Ling lost the step, smiling killed in Handan.
  Striking a child, insect funeral naive. Mu monkey made of thorns, the spirit of three charges.
  One becomes useless, and distinctly and China itself. Big IELTS King Wen, Song Sound long collapse occupied by the enemy.
  Andhra Ying, the qualitative wave into axes.
  Bao Yu Chu income, see Doubting heard. Liang Po finally see the abandoned, the three offered in vain monarch.
  Naoki bogey before cutting, fanglan staged self-immolation. Filled days of the loss, Shen Ming Road to group.
  East China Sea Journal of clear water off the West by Ziyun. Lu Lian and History column, you can tread fresh fragrance.
  Chen Yan Xi weep, May fly akishimo. Shu F No. heaven, Chen Qi Tang wind blow.
  Have a sense of sincere, good luck for the grief. I actually sins, much body Mirage Pong.
  Purple door of an inner cloud cover, sun light back hard. Sand Pearl Group foul, public grass alone Fong Ling.
  Since ancient times, a total of Sighs, tears empty James Couture.
  Health and quiet solitary orchid garden, grass of Wuhu not public. Although according to Yang Chunhui, grieve for the high moon.
  Forever & ever early pattering, green fear Xiu Xie Yan. If there are no clear wind, aroma whom issued.
  Climb hope seas, the world is how long. Autumn frost was group thing, crosses large deserted and cold.
  Ronghua Dong, running water, all things are waves. We went to hui day cover, cloud-free set-side.
  Indus nest sparrow, mandarin duck habitat Luan Hovenia spine. And complex Returning Home, sword song difficulties in traveling.
  Phoenix hungry pecking millet, the water-only Langgan. How can he and the group of chickens, barbed Organisation dispute meal.
  Ming-Kun Qiu tree towards the evening drinking baffle turbulence. Go fly away by sea, frost days, cold beds alone.
  A Re Prince Jin, make Albatron side. Wynne without the newspaper, do not feel empty deep sigh.
  Yi Purple Alley towards the sea, Eve Prix Danxia Couture. Waved off if the timber, whisk the western sunlight.
  Travel clouds lying octupole, Yu Yan has thousands of cream. Fluttering into the non-Ni, Ji Shou Chi Uehata.
  You call me too prime, he'll give the wines. Long live the experience of a meal, what with still home.
  The winds never go outside the unbridled flying days.
  Shake-American dual eismowe, Ming Fei Cang flow. And the Sea should child sex, not at Yunhe 俦 Iraq.
  Send-shaped sand beds month, play along Fong Chun Chau. ; I wash heart who Forgetting travel from Seoul.
  Zhou Mu history and a glorious Italian, Chinese Emperor Wan Cheng respect. Yin Yue heart is not very, Xiong Hao An adequate theory.
  Queen Mother of the West Sea Feast, Kitamiya invited Lantern. Wen Yao left the water song, Yu Huai actually empty talk.
  Creeping into the spiritual track, only sad Thousand Years soul.
  Divergent luxuriantly green radish, wind around Evergreen branch. Vegetation has been asked, the cold of winter was not moving.
  It is regrettable that yao peach, take a sigh turnip Philippine poetry. Yu Yanyan Hong Choi, Yun-fat, non-prime wire.
  En gentleman had finished Jianqie to what.
  History and a glorious surprise Chi Biao, things to do litter. Cloud cover decadent Yang, Bo Zhen Dahe.
  Dragon de disregard Picnic, sway to Antoine. Over and over again by Baiju, empty mountains Wing Field Lophanthus rugosus.
  140 years, the National Yung Ho impressively. Faint Wufeng Lou, Mindanao Mindanao Cross Mikawa.
  Princes as Xingyue, guests such as clouds. Cockfighting gold palace, overnight leather ball Yaotai side.
  Move shake day, the command back to blue sky. When passers-Ho Xi suddenly, lost a long abandoned road tax.
  Unique executive Ji Yang, retreats grass Tai Xuan.
  Peach open the East Park, exaggerated smile day. Even Mongolia east wing, raw quality of this sun.
  Qi color no beautiful woman, but fear is not real flowers. Wanzhuan fire dragon fly, scattered loss of early phase.
  Nothing was known Nanshan Song, Xiao Se since independence.
  Qinhuang by the sword, He Wei Shen Zhen anger. Daily patrol the sea right, drive drive Cang Shi Jin.
  Death Space Nine Yu Zheng, injured people for the bridge. But to Punta Island drug, not at Sgnuon Hu spring.
  Power to make power without supports, Thousand Years as Sadness.
  Americans out of southern, Shining Lotus posture. White teeth are not made final, Hearts empty self-sustaining.
  Origin of the purple ladies were jealous Green Crescent. Go back Xiaoxiang isle, wondering what was going afraid of such grief.
  Taitung Wu Song, Savage was Yan Shi. Praise for the world treasure, but higher than that of Zhao Wangbi.
  Zhao Bi no Buddhists P, Yan Shi Zhen true non. Custornary many mistakes, turned out jade and Min.
  Chaotic days after Yin Chi, Chu Huai also faint. Man Yi Yang Nakano, Lu Ying desires among high doors.
  Bi Gan remonstrance died, Qu Ping Xiang channeling source. Tiger's mouth what Euphemistic, F Xu empty moon.
  Peng Xian no longer occupied by the enemy, and who agreed on this.
  Turbulent flow frightened youth, Zhu snapback thin. Could not bear to see the autumn Peng, flying what actually care.
  Light winds off cymbidium, white dew sprinkled Kwai Lophanthus rugosus. Beauty is not my period, on scattered vegetation.
  What have the Warring States Period, Bing Ge random clouds. Zhao Forest two tigers fight, Jin points for the six ministers.
  To steal digital traitor, to trees Zixiang group. Sure enough Tiancheng Zi, once killed Qijun.
  Forest sword high-profile, long spring project delivery. Cang Zhen cover layer of hills, hidden valleys Joan grass.
  Phoenix bird Sea, no treasure like to set wood. Yu Si was the home, the families of profit under Artemisia.
  Jin Feng date decadent, dead side weep.
  Joseph Tung Yin Qi bomb, get the Western Qin string sound. Yan generous soul moving, people become dissolute.
  He is the U.S. talent evil son Euphemistic to phase search. Smile double white jade, gold again song 1000.
  Jane is not your color Road, nothing was flying light Shen Xi. An awareness Zixia off, Yao Tai Ming Su-Qin.
  More customer adoption of pearl, guide and support the South corner. Kiyoteru month according to the sea, the U.S. price dumping Royal.
  Offer the prince is prince An Jian, Huai-Bao took a deep space. Fish Head Composite prevails, feeling, indeed by annoying Yu.
  Yu family of intrinsic million, small by big each. Zhou Zhou Yi He Gu, six quill cover does not command.
  Would like to rank public bird wing flying along the Yellow River. I fly by Mo Gu, sigh, will be normalized.
  I went to Wushan Example, Xun Gu Deng balcony. Sky clouds off, to much breeze to.
  Goddess to a long, expedition safety in the zai. Dissolute actually occupied by the enemy for, Qiao Mu only sad.
  Sorrowful weeping Road differences, mourn the passage of grief element wire. Road differences with North-South, plain silk variable shift.
  Everything is so solid, life is not on a regular basis. Tian Dou-phase tilting wins, guests mutual profit and loss.
  Multi-way tip over the world, dealings side Xian ravine. Doujiu strong promise, feeling, indeed the final self-doubt.
  Zhang Chen actually fire off, Xiao Zhu also sing from. Birds set Wing Ko, poor fish, keep dry pool.
  Sigh sigh customers lost power, asked what the ground rules.
Translated by Google
钗头凤
Lu You
钗头凤

钗头凤
钗头凤
钗头凤
  Crisp red hands, yellow tie up the wine, the city walls of the palace Willow Spring.
  Dongfeng evil, joy feeling thin.
  A pregnant melancholy, a few years away from the cable.
  Wrong! Wrong! Wrong!
  Spring as the old man thin air, tears of red raw silk slip down through the shark.
  Peach drop, leisure pools Court.
  Mount Union, although in, Kam book difficult to care.
  Mo! Mo! Mo!
Translated by Google

【Notes】 [注释]
红酥手:红润、柔软的手。

黄滕酒:黄封酒,古时候一种宫家酿的酒。这两句是写唐琬把酒送给陆游喝。

宫墙柳:围墙里一片绿柳。

欢情:美满的爱情生活。这两句说:东风无情,把美满的姻缘吹散了(这里把东风比作拆散他们夫妇的封建家长)。

红悒:泪水沾了脸上的胭脂。悒:湿润。鲛绡:薄绸的手帕。这句说:和着胭脂的泪水把手帕都湿透了。

山盟:永久相爱的誓言。

锦书:锦字回文书, 情书。托:寄。

莫:罢了(表示无可奈何的感叹)。

【Review】 这首词写的陆游自己的爱情悲剧。
陆游的原配夫人是同郡唐氏士族的一个大家闺秀,结婚以后 ,他们“ 伉俪相得”,“ 琴瑟甚和”,是一对情投意和的恩爱夫妻。不料,作为婚姻包办人之一的陆母却对儿媳产生了厌恶感 ,逼迫陆游休弃唐氏。
在陆游百般劝谏、哀求而无效的情况下,二人终于被迫分离,唐氏改嫁“同郡宗子”赵士程,彼此之间也就音讯全无了。几年以后的一个春日,陆游在家乡山阴(今绍兴市)城南禹迹寺附近的沈园,与偕夫同游的唐氏邂逅相遇。唐氏安排酒肴,聊表对陆游的抚慰之情。陆游见人感事,心中感触很深,遂乘醉吟赋这首词,信笔题于园壁之上。全首词记述了词人与唐氏的这次相遇,表达了他们眷恋之深和相思之切,也抒发了词人怨恨愁苦而又难以言状的凄楚心情。
词的上片通过追忆往昔美满的爱情生活,感叹被迫离异的痛苦,分两层意思。
开头三句为上片的第一层,回忆往昔与唐氏偕游沈园时的美好情景 :“红酥手,黄滕酒。满城春色宫墙柳 。”虽说是回忆,但因为是填词,而不是写散文或回忆录之类,不可能把整个场面全部写下来,所以只选取一个场面来写,而这个场面,又只选取了一两个最富有代表性和特征性的情事细 节来写 。“ 红酥手”,不仅写出了唐氏为词人殷勤把盏时的美丽姿态,同时还有概括唐氏全人之美(包括她的内心美)的作用。然而,更重要的是,它具体而形象地表现出这对恩爱夫妻之间的柔情密意以及他们婚后生活的美满与幸福。第三句又为这幅春园夫妻把酒图勾勒出一个广阔而深远的背景,点明了他们是在共赏春色。而唐氏手臂的红润,酒的黄封以及柳色的碧绿,又使这幅图画有了明丽而又和谐的色彩感。
“东风恶”几句为第二层,写词人被迫与唐氏离异后的痛苦心情。上一层写春景春情,无限美好,到这里突然一转,激愤的感情潮水一下子冲破词人心灵的闸门,无可遏止地渲泄下来 。“东风恶”三字,一语双关,含蕴很丰富,是全词的关键所在,也是造成词人爱情悲剧的症结所在。本来,东风可以使大地复苏,给万物带来勃勃的生机,但是,当它狂吹乱扫的时候,也会破坏春容春态,下片所云“桃花落,闲池阁”,就正是它狂吹乱扫所带来的严重后果 ,因此说它“ 恶”。然而,它主要是一种象喻,象喻造成词人爱情悲剧的“恶”势力 。至于陆母是否也包含在内,答案应该是不能否认的,只是由于不便明言,而又不能不言,才不得不以这种含蓄的表达方式出之。下面一连三句,又进一步把词人怨恨“东风”的心理抒写了出来,并补足一个“恶”字:“欢情薄。一怀愁绪,几年离索 。”美满姻缘被迫拆散 ,恩爱夫妻被迫分离,使他们两人在感情上遭受巨大的折磨和痛苦,几年来的离别生活带给他们的只是满怀愁怨。这不正如烂漫的春花被无情的东风所摧残而凋谢飘零吗?接下来 ,“错,错,错”,一连三个“错”字,连迸而出,感情极为沉痛。但这到底是谁错了呢?是对自己当初“ 不敢逆尊者意”而终“ 与妇诀”的否定吗?是对“尊者”的压迫行为的否定吗?是对不合理的婚姻制度的否定吗 ?词人没有明说,也不便于明说,这枚“千斤重的橄榄”(《红楼梦》语)留给了我们读者来噙,来品味。这一层虽直抒胸臆,激愤的感情如江河奔泻,一气贯注 ;但又不是一泻无余 ,其中“东风恶”和“错,错,错”几句就很有味外之味。
词的下片,由感慨往事回到现实,进一步抒写妻被迫离异的巨大哀痛,也分为两层。
换头三句为第一层,写沈园重逢时唐氏的表现。
“春如旧”承上片“满城春色”句而来,这又是此时相逢的背景。依然是从前那样的春日,但是,人却今非昔比了。以前的唐氏,肌肤是那样的红润,焕发着青春的活力 ;而如今的她 ,经过“东风”的无情摧残,憔悴了,消瘦了 。“人空瘦”句,虽说写的只是唐氏容颜方面的变化,但分明表现出“几年离索”给她带来的巨大痛苦 。象词人一样 ,她也为“一怀愁绪”折磨着;象词人一样,她也是旧情不断,相思不舍啊!不然,怎么会消瘦呢?写容颜形貌的变化来表现内心世界的变化,原是文学作品中的一种很常用的手法,但是瘦则瘦矣,何故又在其间加一个“空”字呢?“ 使君自有妇 ,罗敷亦有夫 。”(《古诗·陌上桑 》)从婚姻关系说,两人早已各不相干了,事已至此,不是白白为相思而折磨自己吗?著此一字,就把词人那种怜惜之情、抚慰之意、痛伤之感等等,全都表现了出来 。“ 泪痕”句通过刻画唐氏的表情动作,进一步表现出此次相逢时她的心情状态 。旧园重逢,念及往事,她能不哭、能不泪流满面吗?但词人没直接写泪流满面,而是用了白描的手法,写她“泪痕红浥鲛绡透”,显得更委婉 ,更沉着,也更形象,更感人。而一个“透”字,不仅见其流泪之多,亦见其伤心之甚。上片第二层写词人自己,用了直抒胸臆的手法;这里写唐氏时却改变了手法,只写了她容颜体态的变化和她痛苦的心情由于这一层所写的都是词人眼中看出的,所以又具有了“一时双情俱至”的艺术效果。可见词人,不仅深于情,而且深于言。
词的最后几句,是下片的第二层,写词人与唐氏相遇以后的痛苦心情 。“桃花落”两句与上片的“东风恶”句前后照应,又突出写景虽是写景,但同时也隐含出人事。不是么?桃花凋谢,园林冷落,这只是物事的变化,而人事的变化却更甚于物事的变化。象桃花一样美丽姣好的唐氏,不是也被无情的“东风”摧残折磨得憔悴消瘦了么?词人自己的心境,不也象“闲池阁”一样凄寂冷落么?一笔而兼有二意很巧妙,也很自然 。下面又转入直接赋情:“山盟虽在,锦书难托。”这两句虽只寥寥八字 ,却很能表现出词人自己内心的痛苦之情 。虽说自己情如山石,痴心不改,但是,这样一片赤诚的心意,又如何表达呢?明明在爱,却又不能去爱;明明不能去爱,却又割不断这爱缕情丝。刹那间,有爱,有恨,有痛,有怨,再加上看到唐氏的憔悴容颜和悲戚情状所产生的怜惜之情、抚慰之意,真是百感交集,万箭簇心,一种难以名状的悲哀,再一次冲胸破喉而出:“莫,莫,莫!”事已至此,再也无可补救、无法挽回了,这万千感慨还想它做什么,说它做什么?于是快刀斩乱麻:罢了,罢了,罢了!明明言犹未尽,意犹未了,情犹未终,却偏偏这么不了了之,而在极其沉痛的喟叹声中全词也就由此结束了。
这首词始终围绕着沈园这一特定的空间来安排自己的笔墨,上片由追昔到抚今,而以“东风恶”转捩;过片回到现实,以“春如旧”与上片“满城春色”句相呼应,以“桃花落,闲池阁”与上片“东风恶”句相照应,把同一空间不同时间的情事和场景历历如绘地叠映出来。全词多用对比的手法,如上片,越是把往昔夫妻共同生活时的美好情景写得逼切如现,就越使得他们被迫离异后的凄楚心境深切可感,也就越显出“东风”的无情和可憎,从而形成感情的强烈对比。
再如上片写“红酥手”,下片写“人空瘦”,在形象、鲜明的对比中,充分地表现出“几年离索”给唐氏带来的巨大精神折磨和痛苦 。全词节奏急促 ,声情凄紧,再加上“错,错,错”和“莫,莫,莫”先后两次感叹,荡气回肠,大有恸不忍言、恸不能言的情致。
总而言之,这首词达到了内容和形式的完美统一,是一首别开生面、催人泪下的作品。

[附记]

千百年来,前哲时贤多认为陆游和他的原配夫人唐氏是姑表关系,其实事实并非如此。最早记述《 钗头凤 》词这件事的是南宋陈鹄的《耆旧续闻》,之后,有刘克庄的《后村诗话》,但陈、刘二氏在其著录中均未言及陆、唐是姑表关系。直到宋元之际的周密才在其《齐东野语》中说 :“陆务观初娶唐氏,闳之女也,于其母为姑侄。”从这以后“姑表说”遂被视为“ 恒言”。 其实综考有关历史文献和资料,陆游的外家乃江陵唐氏,其曾外祖父是历仕仁宗、英宗、神宗三朝的北宋名臣唐介,唐介诸孙男皆以下半从“心”之字命名,即懋、愿、恕、意、愚、谰,并没有以“门”之字命名的唐闳其人,也就是说,在陆游的舅父辈中并无唐闳其人(据陆游《渭南文集·跋唐修撰手简 》、《 宋史·唐介传 》、王珪《华阳集·唐质肃公介墓志铭》考定 );而陆游原配夫人的母家乃阴唐氏,其父唐闳是宣和年间有政绩政声的鸿胪少卿唐翊之子 ,唐闳之昆仲亦皆以“门”字框字命名,即闶、阅(据《 嘉泰会稽志》、《宝庆续会稽志》、阮元《 两浙金石录·宋绍兴府进士题名碑》考定)。由此可知,陆游和他的原配夫人唐氏根本不存在什么姑表关系。这样,周密的“姑表说”就毫无来由了,那么这完全就是出于他的杜撰了吗?并不是这样的。刘克庄在其《后村诗话》中虽然未曾言及陆、唐是姑表关系,但却说过这样的话 :“某氏改适某官,与陆氏有中外。”某氏,即指唐氏;某官,即指“同郡宗子”赵士程。刘克庄这两句话的意思是说:唐氏改嫁给赵士程,赵士程与陆氏有婚姻关系。事实正是如此,陆游的姨母瀛国夫人唐氏乃吴越王钱俶的后人钱忱的嫡妻、宋仁宗第十女秦鲁国大长公主的儿媳,而陆游原配夫人唐氏的后夫赵士程乃秦鲁国大长公主的侄孙,亦即陆游的姨父钱忱的表侄行,恰与陆游为同一辈人(据陆游《渭南文集·跋唐昭宗赐钱武肃王铁券文》,王明清《挥后录》及《宋史·宗室世系 、宗室列传、公主列传 》等考定)。作为刘克庄的晚辈词人的周密很可能看到过刘克庄的记述或听到过这样的传闻,但他错会了刘克庄的意思,以致造成了千古讹传。本文不可能将所据考证材料一一列举出来,只把近年来有关学者、专家和我们考证的结果附录于此,仅供参考。

祝英台近·晚春
Xin Qiji
  Po Chai points
  Peach leaf crossing,
  Yan Liu dark Nampo.
  Fear of the upper floor,
  Wind and rain on the 10th September.
  Heartbroken pieces Fei Hong,
  Have no control,
  Qian, who advised,
  Street prostitution sound live?
  Binbian watch for,
  Try to spend Bu return date,
  Only the number of hairpin and heavy.
  Luozhang faint light,
  Choking dream language:
  "Unhappy with his spring, the
  Chungui Where?
  But understand,
  With the worry go. "
Translated by Google
摸鱼儿·春日西湖泛舟
Zhang Zhu
  Up the West Lake, a half pole Xinyu, yeast dust waves with wind soft.
  Lanzhou Ibid Mandarin Pu, warm weather, soft winter light.
  Curtain half of the volume,
  Degree ray song goes, do not hinder Peach Blossom Fan.
  Ying Jiao Yan-wan,
  Without any Kuangke intestine, Sun-hate, and Mo put glass light.
  Chueiyang shore, where the red booths Tsui Museum.
  Travelers now all lazy.
  Rong water state is still good, only Qiluo scattered clouds.
  Do not you see
  Singing and dancing, the green into the autumn stretch wu Court.
  _Set_ting sun and night,
  Not Luoxu fly, want to go to the spring, currently without water for days away.
Translated by Google
甘草子
Kou Zhun
  Chunzao.
  Stir weakness,
  Low brush clearance doorways.
  Cage Tiniao warm days.
  Small initial split peach.
  Looking Bitian net, such as scan.
  Drag ray, misty smoke.
  Xi Xie Kan Grass fleeting.
  Ren Yu Hu dumping.
Translated by Google
画堂春二
Zhang Xian
  Wave length of mixed seeds outside.
  Ji Shan-ching at the gulls fly.
  Yang painted radial water days later dissolved.
  Kam figure in the shift.
  Shallow peach leaf dual singing
  Xinghong dark light clothing.
  Xiao Hui inclined to avoid the obstacle surface.
  Chui Yin share owned.
Translated by Google
醉公子
Chou Yuan
  Xiao into Penglai Island.
  Panasonic hoe Yaocao.
  Bi peach look greedy.
  Golden Mother of false travel home.
  Hollow statue of a discretionary disclosure.
  Drunk lost back road.
  Seen Dongshuang Cheng.
  Smell every flower flute.
Translated by Google
一斛珠
Zhang Xian
  Yun Liu weak light.
  Within the home to a new comb swept bun.
  True color and aroma were difficult to learn.
  Solitary horizontal pipe blowing,
  Dusk on short days.
  Calyx pale peach lips break.
  Yi Lou Who Langan angle.
  Ye Han Luo Yi thin cold hand.
  Sound into the cream forest,
  Su Su Mei scared off.
Translated by Google
宴清都
He Zhou
  Xicao Ophiopogon soft.
  Thin late date,
  Hui Feng Qing Ai slightly warm.
  Xi Jin Chun workers,
  Pink is still small,
  Liu Ya still short.
  Luo curtain embroidered curtain of high volume.
  Also earlier, the song careless laugh lazy.
  By painting buildings,
  That is far more days,
  Shan Yuan,
  Water far
  People away.
  Sigh.
  Shu Fu powder mad,
  Hong Junya burglary,
  No account Juguan.
  Black hair stumbling horse,
  Hongjin send tears,
  Even at the obsession.
  Silent tears disorder.
  Cuixiu drops, heavy stains all over.
  So want to know, do not think about after.
  Guishiqujian.
Translated by Google

【Review】 宴清都,是周邦彦所创之调,又名“四代好”。

  这是一首初春闺怨之词。

  软而细的草沿阶泛绿,正是“草色遥看近却无”的初春。薄,指迟迟春日的光淡暖微。夹着花香草气的蕙风轻润而和煦。春天降临的脚步是这样轻微、缓慢,似化工靳惜(吝惜),故使红桃半绽,柳眼初舒。这正是万物萌动,将生未发,“最是一年春好处”之时。闺中人高卷帏幕,早已发现了春的消息。春归人未归,故而“歌慷笑懒”,试凭楼远眺,岂止天远,山远,水远,伊人更远于重山复水,遥在天之涯!

  下阕抒情。傅粉,用三国魏何晏典。《三国志·魏志·曹爽传》注引《魏略》,称何晏喜修饰,粉白不去手,人称“傅粉何郎”。窃香,用晋韩寿典。韩寿为贾充掾吏,贾充女爱上了韩寿,偷偷地把武帝赐给她父亲的西域奇香赠给韩寿。贾充发觉了这事,只好把女儿嫁给韩。这里连用两典写情人的风流俊雅,无法羁控。“窃香”又双关情人长于偷香窃玉,赢得女人的爱情。百般无奈中,恨不能以自己的头发绊住情人的马,用红巾遥寄相思的眼泪,把在什么地方被人迷住的情人召回身边。

  这一系列的痴想当然得不到任何结果,只能无言泪落,浸渍了重重翠袖。末句设想,待得那人归来,看到自己的“为郎憔悴”,便可知别后的思念之深。

作者代妇人写闺情,情深意密,细腻感人。(侯孝琼)

七律·登庐山
Mao Zedong
  Zhi large mountain river fly, leap verdant hundred spin.
  Cold to see the world ocean, hot wind and rain sprinkled Jiang days.
  Floating Cloud Nine Camp Huang Wang, Qi next three waves of white smoke.
  Tao so I do not know where to go, peach garden to till the fields?
  July 1, 1959
Translated by Google
  Mountain peach, apricot bottom.
  Fit the two flowers, remote matched.
Translated by Google
大林寺桃花
Bai Juyi
大林寺桃花
大林寺桃花
大林寺桃花
大林寺桃花
大林寺桃花
大林寺桃花
大林寺桃花
  April Fangfei world to do, before Temple peach blossoms.
  Regret Chungui fruitless searching, I wonder if there is a world to turn.
Translated by Google

【Notes】 【按】作者有《游大林寺序》,记述与同行者十七人游庐山,宿大林寺。其时为四月初九,而山高地深,尚如正月、二月天,梨桃始花,涧草犹短,风候与平地不同,恍然若别造一世界,因作此诗。这时,作者摘贬为江州司马,诗咏物候,也表旷达。
【大林寺】在江西庐山上
【芳菲】春花

【Review】 这首诗作于元和十二年(817)初夏,当时白居易在江州(今江西九江)司马任上。这是一首纪游诗,大林寺在庐山香炉峰顶。关于他写这首诗的一点情况,本集有《游大林寺序》一文,可参考。

  全诗短短四句,从内容到语言都似乎没有什么深奥、奇警的地方,只不过是把“山高地深,时节绝晚”、“与平地聚落不同”的景物节候,做了一番纪述和描写。但细读之,就会发现这首平淡自然的小诗,却写得意境深邃,富于情趣。

  诗的开首“人间四月芳菲尽,山寺桃花始盛开”两句,是写诗人登山时已届孟夏,正属大地春归,芳菲落尽的时候了。但不期在高山古寺之中,又遇上了意想不的春景── 一片始盛的桃花。我们从紧跟后面的“常恨春归无觅处”一句可以得知,诗人在登临之前,就曾为春光的匆匆不驻而怨恨,而恼怒,而失望。因此当这始所未料的一片春景冲入眼帘时,该是使人感到多么的惊异和欣喜!诗中第一句的“芳菲尽”,与第二句的“始盛开”,是在对比中遥相呼应的。它们字面上是纪事写景,实际上也是在写感情和思绪上的跳跃──由一种愁绪满怀的叹逝之情,突变到惊异、欣喜,以至心花怒放。而且在首句开头,诗人着意用了“人间”二字,这意味着这一奇遇、这一胜景,给诗人带来一种特殊的感受,即仿佛从人间的现实世界,突然步入到一个什么仙境,置身于非人间的另一世界。

  正是在这一感受的触发下,诗人想象的翅膀飞腾起来了。“常恨春归无觅处,不知转入此中来。”他想到,自己曾因为惜春、恋春,以至怨恨春去的无情,但谁知却是错怪了春,原来春并未归去,只不过象小孩子跟人捉迷藏一样,偷偷地躲到这块地方来罢了。

  这首诗中,既用桃花代替抽象的春光,把春光写得具体可感,形象美丽;而且还把春光拟人化,把春光写得仿佛真是有脚似的,可以转来躲去。不,岂只是有脚而已?你看它简直还具有顽皮惹人的性格呢!

  在这首短诗中,自然界的春光被描写得是如此的生动具体,天真可爱,活灵活现,如果没有对春的无限留恋、热爱,没有诗人的一片童心,是写不出来的。这首小诗的佳处,正在立意新颖,构思灵巧,而戏语雅趣,又复启人神思,惹人喜爱,可谓唐人绝句小诗中的又一珍品。

  (褚斌杰)

五律.三上北高峰
Mao Zedong
  Three peaks on the North
  Hangzhou, a blank look
  Fei Tingbian tree
  Tao Hualing upper hand
  Hot Laixun fan
  Go to the beauty of cold
  Under a fluttering
  Are welcome to late Ying
  November 1959
Translated by Google
玄都观桃花
Liu Yuxi
元和十一年自朗州召至京,戏赠看花诸君子
玄都观桃花
  And ten dollars a year from Langzhou call to Beijing, Xi Zeng gentleman to see the various flowers
  Red Dust was blowing purple unfamiliar to, no one does not see the flowers back to the road.
  Peach Trees in all view Xuan, Liu Lang to do after the planting.
Translated by Google

【Writing in Vernacular Chinese】 京城的大街上无数行人扬起的尘埃迎面扑来,
个个都说是看花归来。
玄都观有道士种了千株桃树,满城的人都去观赏,
而这些桃树都是我贬官离开长安后栽种的。

【Notes】 (1)玄都观:观,道教庙宇。玄都,观名。
(2)紫陌:京城的街道。红尘:大路上扬起的尘埃。
(3)刘郎:作者自己。
新栽桃树喻攀附新当权者的新贵。刘郎因此诗恶相遭贬。
作者把玄都观里的千棵桃树比作朝廷中的新贵,而这些新贵都是靠阿谀奉承,趋炎附势才爬上去的政治爆发户,作者对他们表示了极端的鄙视。

【Review】 刘禹锡此诗,通过人们在长安一座道士庙──玄都观中看花这样一件生活琐事,讽刺了当时的朝廷新贵。

  永贞元年(805),即贞元二十一年,刘禹锡参加王叔文政治革新失败后,被贬为朗州司马,到了元和十年(815),朝廷有人想起用他以及和他同时被贬的柳宗元等人。这首诗,就是他从朗州回到长安时所写的,由于刺痛了当权者,他和柳宗元等再度被派为远州刺史。官是升了,政治环境却无改善。

  这首诗表面上是描写人们去玄都观看桃花的情景,骨子里却是讽刺当时权贵的。从表面上看,前两句是写看花的盛况,人物众多,来往繁忙,而为了要突出这些现象,就先从描绘京城的道路着笔。陌本是田间小路,这里借用为道路之意。紫陌之紫,指草木;红尘之红,指灰土。一路上草木葱茏,尘土飞扬,衬托出了大道上人马喧阗、川流不息的盛况。写看花,又不写去而只写回,并以“无人不道”四字来形容人们看花以后归途中的满足心情和愉快神态,则桃花之繁荣美好,不用直接赞以一词了。它不写花本身之动人,而只写看花的人为花所动,真是又巧妙又简炼。后两句由物及人,关合到自己的境遇。玄都观里这些如此吸引人的、如此众多的桃花,自己十年前在长安的时候,根本还没有。去国十年,后栽的桃树都长大了,并且开花了,因此,回到京城,看到的又是另外一番春色,真是“树犹如此,人何以堪”了。

  再就此诗骨子里面的,即其所寄托的意思来看,则千树桃花,也就是十年以来由于投机取巧而在政治上愈来愈得意的新贵,而看花的人,则是那些趋炎附势、攀高结贵之徒。他们为了富贵利禄,奔走权门,就如同在紫陌红尘之中,赶着热闹去看桃花一样。结句指出:这些似乎了不起的新贵们,也不过是我被排挤出外以后被提拔起来的罢了。他这种轻蔑和讽刺是有力量的,辛辣的,使他的政敌感到非常难受。所以此诗一出,作者及其战友们便立即受到打击报复了。

  (沈祖棻)

再游玄都观
Liu Yuxi
余贞元二十一年为屯田员外郎时,此观未有花。是岁出牧连州,寻改朗州司马,居十年,召至京师。人人皆言有道士手植仙桃满观,如红霞,遂有前篇,以志一时之事。旋又出牧。今十有四年,复为主客郎中,重游玄都观。荡然无复一树,唯兔葵燕麦动摇于春风耳。因再题二十八字,以俟后游。时大和二年三月。  More than twenty-one year Mita Yuanwai Lang Sadamoto, this concept did not flower. Is the age of the animal husbandry and even the state, seeking to change Long Zhou Sima, ranking years, the response to the capital. Jie Yan everyone has full view of priests Shouzhi Bristol, such as Hongxia, then a prequel to mark the moment thing. Xuanyou the animal husbandry. Ten for four years now, the main passenger complex doctor, revisiting all mysterious concept. However, no re-rendering of a tree, the only rabbit ears Kwai oats shake in the spring. Twenty-eight characters for another question to soon after the tour. When Japan Mar.
  Acres in the half court moss, peach open net to make cauliflower.
  Peach priests go where? Liu Lang, former again today.
   
Translated by Google

【Writing in Vernacular Chinese】 玄都观偌大的庭院中有一半长满了青苔,
原来盛开的桃花已经荡然无存,只有菜花在开放。
先前那些辛勤种桃的道士如今那里去了呢?
前次看题诗的我----刘禹锡又回来了啊!

【Notes】 再讽政事人事,指先年宰相已去,今幸还朝。太和初,以主客郎中召还,裴度荐为礼部郎中,集贤直学士。去前为工部时,已三十年矣。
(1)苔:青苔。(2)前度:前次。

【Review】 这首诗是《元和十年自朗州至京,戏赠看花诸君子》的续篇。诗前有作者一篇小序。其文云:“余贞元二十一年为屯田员外郎时,此观未有花。是岁出牧连州(今广东省连县),寻贬朗州司马。居十年,召至京师。人人皆言,有道士手植仙桃满观,如红霞,遂有前篇,以志一时之事。旋又出牧。今十有四年,复为主客郎中,重游玄都观,荡然无复一树,惟兔葵、燕麦动摇于春风耳。因再题二十八字,以俟后游。时大和二年三月。”

  序文说得很清楚,诗人因写了看花诗讽刺权贵,再度被贬,一直过了十四年,才又被召回长安任职。在这十四年中,皇帝由宪宗、穆宗、敬宗而文宗,换了四个,人事变迁很大,但政治斗争仍在继续。作者写这首诗,是有意重提旧事,向打击他的权贵挑战,表示决不因为屡遭报复就屈服妥协。

  和上一首一样,此诗仍用比体。从表面上看,它只是写玄都观中桃花之盛衰存亡。道观中非常宽阔的广场已经一半长满了青苔。经常有人迹的地方,青苔是长不起来的。百亩广场,半是青苔,说明其地已无人来游赏了。“如红霞”的满观桃花,“荡然无复一树”,而代替了它的,乃是不足以供观览的菜花。这两句写出一片荒凉的景色,并且是经过繁盛以后的荒凉。与前首之“玄都观里桃千树”,“无人不道看花回”,形成强烈的对照。下两句由花事之变迁,关合到自己之升进退,因此连着想到:不仅桃花无存,游人绝迹,就是那一位辛勤种桃的道士也不知所终,可是,上次看花题诗,因而被贬的刘禹锡现在倒又回到长安,并且重游旧地了。这一切,哪能料得定呢?言下有无穷的感慨。

  再就其所寄托的意思看,则以桃花比新贵,与前诗相同。种桃道士则指打击当时革新运动的当权者。这些人,经过二十多年,有的死了,有的失势了,因而被他们提拔起来的新贵也就跟着改变了他们原有的煊赫声势,而让位于另外一些人,正如“桃花净尽菜花开”一样。而桃花之所以净尽,则正是“种桃道士归何处”的结果。这,也就是俗话说的“树倒猢狲散”。而这时,我这个被排挤的人,却又回来了,难道是那些人所能预料到的吗?对于扼杀那次政治革新的政敌,诗人在这里投以轻蔑的嘲笑,从而显示了自己的不屈和乐观,显示了他将继续战斗下去。

  刘禹锡玄都观两诗,都是以比拟的方法,对当时的人物和事件加以讽刺,除了寄托的意思之外,仍然体现了一个独立而完整的意象。这种艺术手法是高妙的。

  (沈祖棻)

堤上行
Liu Yuxi
  South Jiangbei Hope Enpa,
  Into a Traveller corresponding song.
  Peach leaf bamboo teaser resentment
  Unlimited monthly out more water.
   
Translated by Google
竹枝词九首(其二)
Liu Yuxi
  Davidiana safflower over the top, take Mountain of Shu river flows.
  Lang Yi decline bonuses like Italy, like Lennon flow infinite sorrow.
Translated by Google

【Review】 这首《竹枝词》含思宛转,清新活泼,音节和谐,语语可歌。特别是把比兴揉而为一,此诗兴中有比,比中有兴,颇富情韵。

  诗中刻画了一个热恋中的农家少女形象。恋爱给她带来了幸福,也带来了忧愁。当她看到眼前的自然景象的时候,这种藏在心头的感情顿被触发,因而托物起兴:“山桃红花满上头,蜀江春水拍山流”,描绘出一幅山恋水依的图画。山桃遍布山头,一个“满”字,表现了山桃之多和花开之盛。一眼望去,山头红遍,象一团火在烧,给人以热烈的感觉。而山下呢,一江春水拍山流过,一个“拍”字,写出了水对山的依恋。这两句写景,却又不单纯写景,景中蕴涵着女主人公复杂的情意。

  但这种托物起兴,用意隐微,不易看出,于是诗人又在兴的基础上进而设喻,使这种情意由隐而显。“花红易衰似郎意,水流无限似侬愁”,让女主人公对景抒情,直接吐露热恋中少女的心绪。“花红易衰似郎意”照应第一句,写她的担心。一个“红”字,说明鲜花盛开,正如小伙子那颗热烈的心,让人高兴;但小伙子的爱情是否也象这红花一样易谢呢?“水流无限似侬愁”,照应第二句,写少女的烦忧。既相恋,又怕他变心,这一缕淡淡的清愁。就象这绕山流淌的蜀江水一样,无尽无休。

  诗所表现的是初恋少女微妙、细腻而又复杂的心理,十分传神。

  诗的格调也明朗、自然,就象所描绘的红花绿水一样明媚动人。而诗的情境的创造、人物思想感情的表达,却恰恰是靠了这个最明显、最巧妙的手法──比兴。

  (张燕瑾)

赠汪伦
Li Bai
白游泾县桃花潭,村人汪伦常酝美酒以待白
赠汪伦
  By Li Bai
  
  Li Po takes a boat and is about to depart
  When suddenly he hears the sound of footsteps and singing on the shore.
  
  The water in the Peach Blossom pool is a thousand feet deep
  But not as deep as Wang Lun's parting love for me

【Notes】 白游泾县桃花潭,村人汪伦常酿美酒以待,伦之裔孙至今宝其诗。
踏歌: 歌时以脚踏地为节拍

【Review】 天宝十四载(755),李白从秋浦(今安徽贵池)前往泾县(今属安徽)游桃花潭,当地人汪伦常酿美酒款待他。临走时,汪伦又来送行,李白作了这首诗留别。

  诗的前半是叙事:先写要离去者,继写送行者,展示一幅离别的画面。起句“乘舟”表明是循水道;“将欲行”表明是在轻舟待发之时。这句使我们仿佛见到李白在正要离岸的小船上向人们告别的情景。

  送行者是谁呢?次句却不象首句那样直叙,而用了曲笔,只说听见歌声。一群村人踏地为节拍,边走边唱前来送行了。这似出乎李白的意料,所以说“忽闻”而不用“遥闻”。这句诗虽说得比较含蓄,只闻其声,不见其人,但人已呼之欲出。

  诗的后半是抒情。第三句遥接起句,进一步说明放船地点在桃花潭。“深千尺”既描绘了潭的特点,又为结句预伏一笔。

  桃花潭水是那样的深湛,更触动了离人的情怀,难忘汪伦的深情厚意,水深情深自然地联系起来。结句迸出“不及汪伦送我情”,以比物手法形象性地表达了真挚纯洁的深情。潭水已“深千尺”,那么汪伦送李白的情谊更有多少深呢?耐人寻味。清沈德潜很欣赏这一句,他说:“若说汪伦之情比于潭水千尺,便是凡语。妙境只在一转换间。”(《唐诗别裁》)显然,妙就妙在“不及”二字,好就好在不用比喻而采用比物手法,变无形的情谊为生动的形象,空灵而有余味,自然而又情真。

  这首小诗,深为后人赞赏,“桃花潭水”就成为后人抒写别情的常用语。由于这首诗,使桃花潭一带留下许多优美的传说和供旅游访问的遗迹,如东岸题有“踏歌古岸”门额的踏歌岸阁,西岸彩虹罔石壁下的钓隐台等等。

  (宛敏灏 宛新彬)

题都城南庄
Cui Hu
题都城南庄
题都城南庄
题都城南庄
题都城南庄
题都城南庄
题都城南庄
题都城南庄
  Today, this door last year, the Peach Blossom Face matched red.
  Faces of the people do not know where to go, Love and be loved.
Translated by Google

【Review】 这首诗有一段颇具传奇色彩的本事:“崔护……举进士下第,清明日,独游都城南,得居人庄,一亩之宫,而花木丛萃,寂若无人。扣门久之,有女子自门隙窥之,问曰:‘谁耶?’以姓字对,曰:‘寻春独行,酒渴求饮。’女子以杯水至,开门,设床命坐,独倚小桃斜柯伫立,而意属殊厚,妖姿媚态,绰有余妍。崔以言挑之,不对,目注者久之。崔辞去,送至门,如不胜情而入,崔亦睠盼而归。嗣后绝不复至。及来岁清明日,忽思之,情不可抑,径往寻之,门墙如故,而已锁扃之,因题诗于左扉曰……”(唐孟棨《本事诗·情感》)。

  是否真有此“本事”,颇可怀疑。也许竟是先有了诗,然后据以敷演成上述“本事”的。但有两点似可肯定:一、这诗是有情节性的;二、上述“本事”对理解这首诗是有帮助的。

  四句诗包含着一前一后两个场景相同、相互映照的场面。第一个场面:寻春遇艳──“去年今日此门中,人面桃花相映红。”如果我们真的相信有那么一回事,就应该承认诗人确实抓住了“寻春遇艳”整个过程中最美丽动人的一幕。“人面桃花相映红”,不仅为艳若桃花的“人面”设置了美好的背景,衬出了少女光彩照人的面影,而且含蓄地表现出诗人目注神驰、情摇意夺的情状,和双方脉脉含情、未通言语的情景。通过这最动人的一幕,可以激发起读者对前后情事的许多美丽想象。这一点,孟棨的《本事诗》可能正是这样做的,后来的戏曲(如《人面桃花》)则作了更多的发挥。

  第二个场面:重寻不遇。还是春光烂漫、百花吐艳的季节,还是花木扶疏、桃柯掩映的门户,然而,使这一切都增光添彩的“人面”却不知何处去,只剩下门前一树桃花仍旧在春风中凝情含笑。桃花在春风中含笑的联想,本从“人面桃花相映红”得来。去年今日,伫立桃柯下的那位不期而遇的少女,想必是凝睇含笑,脉脉含情的;而今,人面杳然,依旧含笑的桃花除了引动对往事的美好回忆和好景不常的感慨以外,还能有什么呢?“依旧”二字,正含有无限怅惘。

  整首诗其实就是用“人面”、“桃花”作为贯串线索,通过“去年”和“今日”同时同地同景而“人不同”的映照对比,把诗人因这两次不同的遇合而产生的感慨,回环往复、曲折尽致地表达了出来。对比映照,在这首诗中起着极重要的作用。因为是在回忆中写已经失去的美好事物,所以回忆便特别珍贵、美好,充满感情,这才有“人面桃花相映红”的传神描绘;正因为有那样美好的记忆,才特别感到失去美好事物的怅惘,因而有“人面不知何处去,桃花依旧笑春风”的感慨。

  尽管这首诗有某种情节性,有富于传奇色彩的“本事”,甚至带有戏剧性,但它并不是一首小叙事诗,而是一首抒情诗。“本事”可能有助于它的广泛流传,但它本身所具的典型意义却在于抒写了某种人生体验,而不在于叙述了一个人们感兴趣的故事。读者不见得有过类似《本事诗》中所载的遇合故事,但却可能有过这种人生体验:在偶然、不经意的情况下遇到某种美好事物,而当自己去有意追求时,却再也不可复得。这也许正是这首诗保持经久不衰的艺术生命力的原因之一吧。

  “寻春遇艳”和“重寻不遇”是可以写成叙事诗的。作者没有这样写,正说明唐人更习惯于以抒情诗人的眼光、感情来感受生活中的情事。
(刘学锴)

桃源行
Wang Wei
桃源行

桃源行
桃源行
桃源行
  A fisherman is drifting, enjoying the spring mountains,
  And the peach-trees on both banks lead him to an ancient source.
  Watching the fresh-coloured trees, he never thinks of distance
  Till he comes to the end of the blue stream and suddenly- strange men!
  It's a cave-with a mouth so narrow that he has to crawl through;
  But then it opens wide again on a broad and level path –
  And far beyond he faces clouds crowning a reach of trees,
  And thousands of houses shadowed round with flowers and bamboos....
  Woodsmen tell him their names in the ancient speech of Han;
  And clothes of the Qin Dynasty are worn by all these people
  Living on the uplands, above the Wuling River,
  On farms and in gardens that are like a world apart,
  Their dwellings at peace under pines in the clear moon,
  Until sunrise fills the low sky with crowing and barking.
  ...At news of a stranger the people all assemble,
  And each of them invites him home and asks him where he was born.
  Alleys and paths are cleared for him of petals in the morning,
  And fishermen and farmers bring him their loads at dusk....
  They had left the world long ago, they had come here seeking refuge;
  They have lived like angels ever since, blessedly far away,
  No one in the cave knowing anything outside,
  Outsiders viewing only empty mountains and thick clouds.
  ...The fisherman, unaware of his great good fortune,
  Begins to think of country, of home, of worldly ties,
  Finds his way out of the cave again, past mountains and past rivers,
  Intending some time to return, when he has told his kin.
  He studies every step he takes, fixes it well in mind,
  And forgets that cliffs and peaks may vary their appearance.
  ...It is certain that to enter through the deepness of the mountain,
  A green river leads you, into a misty wood.
  But now, with spring-floods everywhere and floating peachpetals –
  Which is the way to go, to find that hidden source?

【Writing in Vernacular Chinese】 渔船顺着溪流走观赏山水一溪春;古老的渡口夹岸的桃花艳丽缤纷。
坐看红花一树树忘却究竟走多远;行至青溪尽头空空荡荡不见有人。
有一山洞入口暗行小径开头曲折;走不多远旋即看见陆地广阔无垠。
远远望去有一个云树相聚的去处;近看却是千家万户种满花卉竹林。
樵夫最初自我介绍他们汉代姓名;村中的居民都没改变秦代的衣裙。
他们居住的地方是武陵的桃花源;还在世外仙境建起了自得的田园。
月明高照松下房舍窗棂一片清静;云中朝阳初露到处是鸡犬的吠鸣。
听说来了凡人大家集拢来看究竟;竞相引领回家打听家乡近来情景。
天一亮,他们就开门打扫街巷花径;傍晚,渔人樵夫便乘小船回到山村。
当初因为避乱先人离开混乱人间;再说来到这神仙境地就不想回还。
深山峡谷谁也不知道人世间的事;外界看这里也只看见渺远的云山。
至今已不再怀疑仙境之难于闻见;只是尘心未尽仍然思念旧的乡县。
出洞后尽管觉得桃花源山水远隔;始终打算辞家去桃花源长期游历。
自以为走过的旧路应该不会迷向;怎么知道山峦沟壑而今已经改变。
当时只记得进入山中后很远很深,沿着青溪几经转折才到深邃云林。
春天已经来到遍溪都是桃花流水;辨不清桃花仙境该到何处去找寻?

【Notes】 1、逐水:顺着溪水。
2、去津:古渡口。
3、坐:因。
4、隈:山崖的幽曲处。
5、物外:世外。
6、房栊:窗户。

【Review】 这是王维十九岁时写的一首七言乐府诗,题材取自陶渊明的叙事散文《桃花源记》。清人吴乔在《围炉诗话》中曾说:“意思,犹五谷也。文,则炊而为饭;诗,则酿而为酒也。”好的诗应当象醇酒,读后能令人陶醉。因此,要将散文的内容改用诗歌表现出来,决不仅仅是一个改变语言形式的问题,还必须进行艺术再创造。王维这首《桃源行》,正是由于成功地进行了这种艺术上的再创造,因而具有独立的艺术价值,得以与散文《桃花源记》并世流传。

  《桃源行》所进行的艺术再创造,主要表现在开拓诗的意境;而这种诗的意境,又主要通过一幅幅形象的画面体现出来。

  诗一开始,就展现了一幅“渔舟逐水”的生动画面:远山近水,红树青溪,一叶渔舟,在夹岸的桃花林中悠悠行进。诗人用艳丽的色调,绘出了一派大好春光,为渔人“坐看红树”、“行尽青溪”作了铺陈。这里,绚烂的景色和盎然的意兴融成一片优美的诗的境界,而事件的开端也蕴含其中了。散文中所必不可少的交代:“晋太元中,武陵人捕鱼为业,缘溪行,忘路之远近……”在诗中都成了酿“酒”的原材料,化为言外意、画外音,让读者自己去想象、去体会了。在画面与画面之间,诗人巧妙地用一些概括性、过渡性的描叙,来牵引连结,并提供线索,引导着读者的想象,循着情节的发展向前推进。“山口”、“山开”两句,便起到了这样的作用。它通过概括描叙,使读者想象到渔人弃舟登岸、进入幽曲的山口蹑足潜行,到眼前豁然开朗、发现桃源的经过。这样,读者的想象便跟着进入了桃源,被自然地引向下一幅画面。这时,桃源的全景呈现在人们面前了:远处高大的树木象是攒聚在蓝天白云里,近处满眼则是遍生于千家的繁花、茂竹。这两句,由远及近,云、树、花、竹,相映成趣,美不胜收。画面中,透出了和平、恬静的气氛和欣欣向荣的生机,让你驰骋想象,去领悟、去意会,去思而得之,而所谓诗的韵致、“酒”的醇味,也就蕴含其中了。接着,我们又可以想象到,渔人一步步进入这幅图画,开始见到了其中的人物。“樵客初传汉姓名,居人未改秦衣服。”写出了桃源中人发现外来客的惊奇和渔人乍见“居人”所感到服饰上的明显不同,隐括了散文中“不知有汉,无论魏晋”的意思。

  中间十二句,是全诗的主要部分。“居人共住武陵源”,承上而来,另起一层意思,然后点明这是“物外起田园”。接着,便连续展现了桃源中一幅幅景物画面和生活画面。月光,松影,房栊沉寂,桃源之夜一片静谧;太阳,云彩,鸡鸣犬吠,桃源之晨一片喧闹。两幅画面,各具情趣。夜景全是静物,晨景全取动态,充满着诗情画意,表现出王维独特的艺术风格。渔人,这位不速之客的闯入,自然也使桃源中人感到意外。“惊闻”二句也是一幅形象的画面,不过画的不是景物而是人物。“惊”、“争”、“集”、“竞”、“问”等一连串动词,把人们的神色动态和感情心理刻画得活灵活现,表现出桃源中人淳朴、热情的性格和对故土的关心。“平明”二句进一步描写桃源的环境和生活之美好。“扫花开”、“乘水入”,紧扣住了桃花源景色的特点。“初因避地去人间,及至成仙遂不还”两句叙事,追述了桃源的来历;“峡里谁知有人事,世间遥望空云山”,在叙事中夹入情韵悠长的咏叹,文势活跃多姿。

  最后一层,诗的节奏加快。作者紧紧扣住人物的心理活动,将渔人离开桃源、怀念桃源、再寻桃源以及峰壑变幻、遍寻不得、怅惘无限这许多内容,一口气抒写下来,情、景、事在这里完全融合在一起了。“不疑”六句,在叙述过程中,对渔人轻易离开“灵境”流露了惋惜之意,对云山路杳的“仙源”则充满了向往之情。然而,时过境迁,旧地难寻,桃源何处?这时,只剩下了一片迷惘。最后四句,作为全诗的尾声,与开头遥相照应。开头是无意迷路而偶从迷中得之,结尾则是有意不迷而反从迷中失之,令人感喟不已!“春来遍是桃花水”,诗笔飘忽,意境迷茫,给人留下了无穷的回味。

  试将这首《桃源行》诗与陶渊明《桃花源记》作比较,可以说二者都很出色,各有特点。散文长于叙事,讲究文理文气,故事有头有尾,时间、地点、人物、事件都交代得具体清楚。而这些,在诗中都没有具体写到,却又使人可以从诗的意境中想象到。诗中展现的是一个个画面,造成诗的意境,调动读者的想象力,去想象、玩味那画面以外的东西,并从中获得一种美的感受。这就是诗之所以为诗吧。

  王维这诗中把桃源说成“灵境”、“仙源”,今人多有非议。其实,诗中的“灵境”,也有云、树、花、竹、鸡犬、房舍以及闾巷、田园,桃源中人也照样日出而作,日入而息,处处洋溢着人间田园生活的气息。它反映了王维青年时代美好的生活理想,其主题思想,与散文《桃花源记》应当说基本上是一致的。

  这首诗通过形象的画面来开拓诗境,可以说,是王维“诗中有画”的特色在早年作品中的反映。此外,全诗三十二句,四句或六句一换韵,平仄相间,转换有致。诗的笔力舒健,从容雅致,游刃有余,颇为后人称道。清人王士禛说:“唐宋以来,作《桃源行》最佳者,王摩诘(维)、韩退之(愈)、王介甫(安石)三篇。观退之、介甫二诗,笔力意思甚可喜。及读摩诘诗,多少自在;二公便如努力挽强,不免面红耳热,此盛唐所以高不可及。”(《池北偶谈》)这“多少自在”四字,便是极高的评价。翁方纲也极口推崇道:这首诗“古今咏桃源事者,至右丞而造极。”(《石洲诗话》)可谓定评。

  (刘德重)

将进酒
Li He
将进酒
将进酒
  Glass bell, thick amber, pearl drops of red wine a small tank.
  Jade dragon phoenix cooking grease gun cry, Lo Wai, Wei Hong embroidered curtain air.
  Long whistle blow, blow Tuo drum, white teeth song, dance slender waist.
  Situation is at the twilight of youth, such as red rain down chaos peach.
  Advise you drunk all day Ming Ding, Liu Ling grave soil than wine!
Translated by Google

【Notes】 鍾:一作钟

【Review】 《宋书》:"汉《鼓吹铙歌》十八曲有《将进酒曲》,古辞云:'将进酒,乘大白。'大略以饮酒放歌为言。"此诗极写及时行乐情景。李贺长于瑰丽之辞,善用精美物象,喜欢浓艳色彩。一个宴饮歌舞的场面,在他笔下是如此缤纷绚烂,有声有色,形神兼备,兴会淋漓。他善于借助魔幻般的想像来凝定某种生活场景,时间和空间的程式在他笔下似乎被忽略了,或者说被打乱了。他着意表现的,只是他对世事人生的强烈感受,哪怕那感受有些迷离恍惚,有些变型,有些怪异,甚至神仙鬼魅和人类全搅在一起,他要的似乎只是内心深处的灵光一闪,随即就将其变幻为艺术的永恒。他对世事人生的落差有着极强的敏悟,就如这首诗,极写美酒佳肴欢歌妙舞,人生之享乐似乎莫过于此,但结尾突然翻转,出人意料地推出死亡的意念和坟墓的枯寞冷落。在这样巨大的反差中,他强调的是生的快乐和死的悲哀,而在生死的对比中,诗人实际上是在诉说死固可悲,而生亦无聊。花天酒地的享乐难道就是短暂人生的最佳意义吗?刘伶死后,他所酷爱的酒对他还有什么意义呢?
人生总难免面对差别。在差别面前,庄子喜欢否定它,以求心灵的宽慰和淡泊;李贺则喜欢确认它、甚至放大它,以强化主体对生命、生活的敏感和执着。他为此宁愿悲愤伤感,宁愿陷入感性的深渊而不愿自拔。
其实生命总是在对比中存在的。对比是意识存在的前提和基础、形式和内容、过程和结果。庄子和李贺都要进行对比思惟,只不过庄子用相对对比思维否定了差别,李贺则用绝对对比思维强调了差别。
李贺是唯美型的诗人,他喜欢把诗句、意象雕饰得很美艳,很奇特,很出人意料,令人过目而难忘。"小槽酒滴真珠红","烹龙炮凤玉脂泣","桃花乱落如红雨","酒不到刘伶坟上土",都是极富感染力的佳句。
其中千古名句为 天生我材必有用,千金散尽还复来。

李贺这首诗以精湛的艺术技巧表现了诗人对人生的深切体验。其艺术特色主要可分以下三点来谈。

  一、多用精美名物,辞采瑰丽,且有丰富的形象暗示性,诗歌形式富于绘画美。

  此诗用大量篇幅烘托及时行乐情景,作者似乎不遗余力地搬出华艳词藻、精美名物。前五句写筵宴之华贵丰盛:杯是“琉璃鍾”,酒是“琥珀浓”、“真珠红”,厨中肴馔是“烹龙炮凤”,宴庭陈设为“罗帏绣幕”。其物象之华美,色泽之瑰丽,令人心醉,无以复加。它们分别属于形容(“琉璃鍾”形容杯之名贵)、夸张(“烹龙炮凤”是对厨肴珍异的夸张说法)、借喻(“琥珀浓”“真珠红”借喻酒色)等修辞手法,对渲染宴席上欢乐沉醉气氛效果极强。妙菜油爆的声音气息本难入诗,也被“玉脂泣”、“香风”等华艳词藻诗化了。运用这么多词藻,却又令人不觉堆砌、累赘,只觉五彩缤纷,兴会淋漓,奥妙何在?乃是因诗人怀着对人生的深深眷恋,诗中声、色、香、味无不出自“真的神往的心”(鲁迅),故词藻能为作者所使而不觉繁复了。

  以下四个三字句写宴上歌舞音乐,在遣词造境上更加奇妙。吹笛就吹笛,偏作“吹龙笛”,形象地状出笛声之悠扬有如瑞龙长吟──乃非人世间的音乐;击鼓就击鼓,偏作“击鼍鼓”,盖鼍皮坚厚可蒙鼓,着一“鼍”字,则鼓声宏亮如闻。继而,将歌女唱歌写作“皓齿歌”,也许受到“谁为发皓齿”(曹植)句的启发,但效果大不同,曹诗“皓齿”只是“皓齿”,而此句“皓齿”借代佳人,又使人由形体美见歌声美,或者说将听觉美通转为视觉美。将舞女起舞写作“细腰舞”,“细腰”同样代美人,又能具体生动显示出舞姿的曲线美,一举两得。“皓齿”“细腰”各与歌唱、舞蹈特征相关,用来均有形象暗示功用,能化陈辞为新语。仅十二字,就将音乐歌舞之美妙写得尽态极妍。

  “行乐须及春”(李白),如果说前面写的是行乐,下两句则意味“须及春”。铸词造境愈出愈奇:“桃花乱落如红雨”,这是用形象的语言说明“青春将暮”,生命没有给人们多少欢乐的日子,须要及时行乐。在桃花之落与雨落这两种很不相同的景象中达成联想,从而创出红雨乱落这样一种比任何写风雨送春之句更新奇、更为惊心动魄的境界,这是需要多么活跃的想象力和多么敏捷的表现力!想象与联想活跃到匪夷所思的程度,正是李贺形象思维的一个最大特色。他如“黑云压城城欲摧”、“银浦流云学水声”、“羲和敲日玻璃声”等等例子不胜枚举。真是“时花美女,不足为其色也;牛鬼蛇神,不足为其虚荒诞幻也”(杜牧《李长吉歌诗叙》)。

  由于诗人称引精美名物,运用华艳词藻,同时又综合运用多种修辞手法,使诗歌具有了色彩、线条等绘画形式美。

  二、笔下形象在空间内作感性显现,一般不用叙写语言联络,不作理性说明,而自成完整意境。

  诗中写宴席的诗句,也许使人想到前人名句如“葡萄美酒夜光杯,欲饮琵琶马上催”(王翰《凉州词》),“兰陵美酒郁金香,玉碗盛来琥珀光”(李白《客中作》),“紫驼之峰出翠釜,水晶之盘行素鳞。犀箸厌饫久未下,鸾刀缕切空纷纶”(杜甫《丽人行》),相互比较一下,能更好认识李贺的特点。它们虽然都在称引精美名物,但李贺“不屑作经人道过语”(王琦《李长吉歌诗汇解序》),他不用“琥珀光”形容“兰陵美酒”──如李白所作那样,而用“琥珀浓”取代“美酒”一辞,自有独到面目。更重要的区别还在于,名物与名物间,绝少“欲饮”、“盛来”、“厌饫久未下”等等叙写语言,只是在空间内把物象一一感性呈现(即有作和理性说明)。然而,“琉璃鍾,琥珀浓,小槽酒滴真珠红”,诸物象并不给人脱节的感觉,而自有“盛来”、“欲饮”、“厌饫”之意,即能形成一个宴乐的场面。

  这手法与电影“蒙太奇”(镜头剪辑)语言相近。电影不能靠话语叙述,而是通过一些基本视象、具体画面、镜头的衔接来“造句谋篇”。虽纯是感性显现,而画面与画面间又有内在逻辑联系。如前举诗句,杯、酒、滴酒的槽床……相继出现,就给人酒宴进行着的意念。

  省略叙写语言,不但大大增加形象的密度,同时也能启迪读者活跃的联想,使之能动地去填补、丰富那物象之间的空白。

  三、结构奇突,有力表现了主题。

  此诗前一部分是大段关于人间乐事的瑰丽夸大的描写,结尾二句猛作翻转,出现了死的意念和“坟上土”的惨淡形象。前后似不协调而正具有机联系。前段以人间乐事极力反衬死的可悲,后段以终日醉酒和暮春之愁思又回过来表露了生的无聊,这样,就十分生动而真实地将诗人内心深处所隐藏的死既可悲而生亦无聊的最大的矛盾和苦闷揭示出来了。总之,这个乐极生悲、龙身蛇尾式的奇突结构,有力表现了诗歌的主题。这又表现了李贺艺术构思上不落窠臼的特点。

  (周啸天)

桃花溪
Zhang Xu
桃花溪

桃花溪
桃花溪
桃花溪
桃花溪
  A bridge flies away through a wild mist,
  Yet here are the rocks and the fisherman's boat.
  Oh, if only this river of floating peach-petals
  Might lead me at last to the mythical cave!

【Writing in Vernacular Chinese】 隐隐看见一座长桥,被野烟隔断;在石屿的西畔,借问打渔的小船。
桃花随着流水,终日地漂流不尽;桃花源洞口,在清溪的哪段哪边?

【Notes】 1、飞桥:高桥。
2、石矶:河流中露出的石堆。
3、洞:指《桃花源记》中武陵渔人找到的洞口。

【Review】 这是借陶潜《桃花源记》的意境而写的写景诗。诗由远外落笔,写山谷深幽,迷离恍惚,隔烟朦胧,其境若仙。然后镜头移近,写桃花流水,渔舟轻泛,问讯渔人,寻找桃源。诗的构思婉曲,意境若画,有景有情,趣味深远。蘅塘退士批注:"四句抵得一篇《桃花源记》。"这话不无道理。

[鉴赏]
桃花溪在湖南桃源县桃源山下。溪岸多桃林,暮春时节,落英缤纷,溪水流霞。相传东晋陶渊明的《桃花源记》就是以这里为背景的。张旭描写的桃花溪,虽然不一定是指这里,但却暗用其意境。此诗构思婉曲,情趣深远,画意甚浓。

  “隐隐飞桥隔野烟”,起笔就引人入胜:深山野谷,云烟缭绕;透过云烟望去,那横跨山溪之上的长桥,忽隐忽现,似有似无,恍若在虚空里飞腾。这境界多么幽深、神秘,令人朦朦胧胧,如入仙境。在这里,静止的桥和浮动的野烟相映成趣:野烟使桥化静为动,虚无飘渺,临空而飞;桥使野烟化动为静,宛如垂挂一道轻纱帏幔。隔着这帏幔看桥,使人格外感到一种朦胧美。“隔”字,使这两种景物交相映衬,溶成一个艺术整体;“隔”字还暗示出诗人是在远观,若是站在桥边,就不会有“隔”的感觉了。

  下面画近景。近处,水中露出嶙峋岩石,如岛如屿(石矶);那飘流着片片落花的溪上,有渔船在轻摇,景色清幽明丽。“石矶西畔问渔船”,一个“问”字,诗人也自入画图之中了,使我们从这幅山水画中,既见山水之容光,又见人物之情态。诗人伫立在古老的石矶旁,望着溪上飘流不尽的桃花瓣和渔船出神,恍惚间,他似乎把眼前的渔人当作当年曾经进入桃花源中的武陵渔人。“问渔船”三字,逼真地表现出这种心驰神往的情态。他问得天真有趣:“桃花尽日随流水,洞在清溪何处边?”他似乎真的认为这“随流长”的桃花瓣是由桃花源流出来的,因而由桃花而联想起进入桃源之洞。这洞究竟在桃花溪的什么地方呢?这句问讯渔人的话,深深表达出诗人向往世外桃源的急切心情。然而桃花源本是虚构的,诗人当然也知道渔人无可奉答,他是明知故问,这也隐约地透露出诗人感到理想境界渺茫难求的怅惘心情。诗到此戛然止笔,而末句提出的问题却引起人们种种美妙的遐想。诗人的画笔,玲珑剔透,由远而近,由实及虚,不断地变换角度,展现景物;但又不作繁腻的描写,淡淡几笔,略露轮廓,情蓄景中,趣在墨外,就象一幅写意画,清远含蓄,耐人寻味。

  (何庆善)

山人劝酒
Li Bai
  苍苍云松,落落绮皓。春风尔来为阿谁,
  蝴蝶忽然满芳草。秀眉霜雪颜桃花,骨青髓绿长美好。
  称是秦时避世人,劝酒相欢不知老。各守麋鹿志,
  耻随龙虎争。欻起佐太子,汉王乃复惊。顾谓戚夫人,
  彼翁羽翼成。归来商山下,泛若云无情。举觞酹巢由,
  洗耳何独清。浩歌望嵩岳,意气还相倾。
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