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贫女
Qin Taoyu
贫女

贫女
贫女
  Living under a thatch roof, never wearing fragrant silk,
  She longs to arrange a marriage, but how could she dare?
  Who would know her simple face the loveliest of them all
  When we choose for worldliness, not for worth?
  Her fingers embroider beyond compare,
  But she cannot vie with painted brows;
  And year after year she has sewn gold thread
  On bridal robes for other girls.

【Writing in Vernacular Chinese】 贫苦家庭出身,从未见识绫罗软香;也想托媒说亲,就为贫穷暗自悲伤。
谁能欣赏风流高雅,格调不同凡响;世人都爱追求时髦,盛行异服奇装。
敢在人前夸口,我有善绣巧手一双;却不涂脂画眉,与人争艳取胜斗强。
最恨年复一年,拈针引线辛勤刺绣,专门为了他人,时时赶制陪嫁衣裳。

【Notes】 1、蓬门:茅屋的门,指贫女之家。
2、绮罗香:指富贵人家妇女的服饰。
3、共怜句:意谓共惜时世艰难而妆饰从俭。作者的时代也已至晚唐。按:白居易《新乐府》有《时世妆》,诗中所描写的实非俭妆,恰恰是另一种形式的"浓妆",所谓"时世妆",即最时髦的打扮之意。故未取。
4、苦恨:甚恨。
5、压金线:按捺针线,指刺绣。

【Review】 这虽然是一首咏叹贫女的身世,但也寄托了贫士怀才不遇之感伤。因为语意双关,含蕴丰富,历来为人们所传诵。形象鲜明,诗情哀怨。主人公虽然"十指""针巧 ",可是"拟托良媒",也无人赏识,只得"年年""苦恨"。"为他人作嫁衣裳",高度概括了终年劳心劳形的寒士,却不为世用,久屈下僚的愤懑不平的心情。

这首诗,以语意双关、含蕴丰富而为人传诵。全篇都是一个未嫁贫女的独白,倾诉她抑郁惆怅的心情,而字里行间却流露出诗人怀才不遇、寄人篱下的感恨。

  “蓬门未识绮罗香,拟托良媒益自伤。”主人公的独白从姑娘们的家常──衣着谈起,说自己生在蓬门陋户,自幼粗衣布裳,从未有绫罗绸缎沾身。开口第一句,便令人感到这是一位纯洁朴实的女子。因为贫穷,虽然早已是待嫁之年,却总不见媒人前来问津。抛开女儿家的羞怯矜持请人去作媒吧,可是每生此念头,便不由加倍地伤感。这又是为什么呢?

  从客观上看:“谁爱风流高格调,共怜时世俭梳妆。”如今,人们竞相追求时髦的奇装异服,有谁来欣赏我不同流俗的高尚情操?

  就主观而论:“敢将十指夸针巧,不把双眉斗画长。”我所自恃的是,凭一双巧手针黹出众,敢在人前夸口;决不迎合流俗,把两条眉毛画得长长的去同别人争妍斗丽。

  这样的世态人情,这样的操守格调,调愈高,和愈寡。纵使良媒能托,亦知佳偶难觅啊。

  “苦恨年年压金线,为他人作嫁衣裳!”个人的亲事茫然无望,却要每天每天压线刺绣,不停息地为别人做出嫁的衣裳!月复一月,年复一年,一针针刺痛着自家伤痕累累的心灵!……

  独白到此戛然而止,女主人公忧郁神伤的形象默然呈现在读者的面前。

  诗人刻画贫女形象,既没有凭借景物气氛和居室陈设的衬托,也没有进行相貌衣物和神态举止的描摹,而是把她放在与社会环境的矛盾冲突中,通过独白揭示她内心深处的苦痛。语言没有典故,不用比拟,全是出自贫家女儿的又细腻又爽利、富有个性的口语,毫无遮掩地倾诉心底的衷曲。从家庭景况谈到自己的亲事,从社会风气谈到个人的志趣,有自伤自叹,也有自矜自持,如春蚕吐丝,作茧自缚,一缕缕,一层层,将自己愈缠愈紧,使自己愈陷愈深,最后终于突破抑郁和窒息的重压,呼出那“苦恨年年压金线,为他人作嫁衣裳”的慨叹。这最后一呼,以其广泛深刻的内涵,浓厚的生活哲理,使全诗蕴有更大的社会意义。

  沈德潜说这首诗“语语为贫士写照”(《唐诗别裁》卷十六),近人俞陛云指出:“此篇语语皆贫女自伤,而实为贫士不遇者写牢愁抑塞之怀。”(《诗境浅说》)沈、俞二氏都很重视本诗的比兴意义,并且说出了诗的真谛。良媒不问蓬门之女,寄托着寒士出身贫贱、举荐无人的苦闷哀怨;夸指巧而不斗眉长,隐喻着寒士内美修能、超凡脱俗的孤高情调;“谁爱风流高格调”,俨然是封建文人独清独醒的寂寞口吻;“为他人作嫁衣裳”,则令人想到那些终年为上司捉刀献策,自己却久屈下僚的读书人──或许就是诗人的自叹吧?诗情哀怨沉痛,反映了封建社会贫寒士人不为世用的愤懑和不平(赵庆培)

横吹曲辞·紫骝马
Qin Taoyu
  Ottawa depression odd bone of the hard to find, re-home situation is as high as purple monkeys. Pressure should be hanging big fat silver Kua.
  Force was muddy bully Jade title. With the wind from the Health and hunting Nongying, Po CDs ditch full of red dust and sweat.
  In case of the husband were transferred Royal, he was taken from the riding seek Monkey.
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长安书怀
Qin Taoyu
  凉风吹雨滴寒更,乡思欺人拨不平。长有归心悬马首,
  可堪无寐枕蛩声。岚收楚岫和空碧,秋染湘江到底清。
  早晚身闲著蓑去,橘香深处钓船横。
桧树
Qin Taoyu
  翠云交干瘦轮囷,啸雨吟风几百春。深盖屈盘青麈尾,
  老皮张展黑龙鳞。唯堆寒色资琴兴,不放秋声染俗尘。
  岁月如波事如梦,竟留苍翠待何人。
读五侯传
Qin Taoyu
  汉亡金镜道将衰,便有奸臣竞佐时。专国只夸兄弟贵,
  举家谁念子孙危。后宫得宠人争附,前殿陈诚帝不疑。
  朱紫盈门自称贵,可嗟区宇尽疮痍。
春雪
Qin Taoyu
  云重寒空思寂寥,玉尘如糁满春朝。片才著地轻轻陷,
  力不禁风旋旋销。惹砌任他香粉妒,萦丛自学小梅娇。
  谁家醉卷珠帘看,弦管堂深暖易调。
题竹
Qin Taoyu
  削玉森森幽思清,院家高兴尚分明。卷帘阴薄漏山色,
  欹枕韵寒宜雨声。斜对酒缸偏觉好,静笼棋局最多情。
  却惊九陌轮蹄外,独有溪烟数十茎。
鹦鹉
Qin Taoyu
  Do not lament heard geese every race, but sigh golden cage Send this life. Tsui lapel fight back is to cherish,
  Dan mouth may be worthy of strong clear. Long diffuse clouds should break the soul of the tree, not a song then CHANGCHUN COMMUNIST dream.
  Fortunately, people did not know from Mi, enabling him to be earned when the light.
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寄李处士
Qin Taoyu
  吕望甘罗道已彰,只凭时数为门张。世途必竟皆应定,
  人事都来不在忙。要路强干情本薄,旧山归去意偏长。
  因君指似封侯骨,渐拟回头别醉乡。
对花
Qin Taoyu
  Long term with Shaoguang dark, bees and butterflies, but the poor prophet. I promote someone's temporary low trees,
  Where cross-hairpin wear sprig. Li doubt on sentimental music photos, road and wind have combined blow.
  Although the muddy road to the people silent, advised princes to laugh when drunk.
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寄怀
Qin Taoyu
  Confucianism heart things swords in the possession of the wind, muddy road is now the same. To name Jin will search Toshihiko,
  Online Photo trip is worry hero. Countries like India and the public hanging Su, Chu will be no official can enjoy success.
  Subject the rebirth of peaceful days, the poor should be way back tears.
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题刑部李郎中山亭
Qin Taoyu
  Lennon cloud water in this house know each other, and every high-brow show strong vegetarian. Bamboo Duo smoke screens thin Court,
  Rain out of pots bearing engine volume pool. Pillow with the interjection laugh Yin mountains, busy back negative on follow-court chess.
  Not the master Hatano Hing, Ken re-open blue eyes and fisheries division.
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八月十五日夜同卫谏议看月
Qin Taoyu
  常时月好赖新晴,不似年年此夜生。初出海涛疑尚湿,
  渐来云路觉偏清。寒光入水蛟龙起,静色当天鬼魅惊。
  岂独座中堪仰望,孤高应到凤凰城。
亭台
Qin Taoyu
  Cui Wei Ying tired carved frame buildings, and the court for smoke sequential open. To add to the west window the moonlight,
  Qi resigned to take flowers planted the South China Sea. Italy will be drawn into a secluded marsh land, the potential to be driving near the small hill station.
  Chingjing wore the official transfer weight, the spring length is someone else.
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边将
Qin Taoyu
  剑光如电马如风,百捷长轻是掌中。无定河边蕃将死,
  受降城外虏尘空。旗缝雁翅和竿袅,箭撚雕翎逐隼雄。
  自指燕山最高石,不知谁为勒殊功。
塞下
Qin Taoyu
  到处人皆著战袍,麾旗风紧马蹄劳。黑山霜重弓添硬,
  青冢沙平月更高。大野几重开雪岭,长河无限旧云涛。
  凤林关外皆唐土,何日陈兵戍不毛。
织锦妇
Qin Taoyu
  桃花日日觅新奇,有镜何曾及画眉。只恐轻梭难作匹,
  岂辞纤手遍生胝。合蝉巧间双盘带,联雁斜衔小折枝。
  豪贵大堆酬曲彻,可怜辛苦一丝丝。
钓翁
Qin Taoyu
  Okuma Old Jiang a bamboo pole, the leaves clothes can be suicides. Tan Jing Cremaster film _set_ straight,
  High wind and wave pattern oblique Zhan open. Boating through the clouds toward the light to carry, evening wear back Hantang months back.
  Infinite precipitous ravine world things into the fishing boat operator to be difficult.
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曲江
Qin Taoyu
  Tong Yue Jinlin Qu deep marsh, Huai Li Bibo new cigarette diameter. Herein neither nirvana environment,
  He should not make a spring at the spring. Opening music I really bang cents, silver saddle drunk son spent dust.
  February re-run, well east of the hosts were.
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隋堤
Qin Taoyu
  Liu Yu XIAOKAIHE to win species, so that passers-by in front of seawall often unhappy. Yin buried Yese million thinking,
  Sound beam cold Autumn Jade miles. West Japan has sad rabbit Court, East End is not anti-boat wave.
  Mountains should see something downtown, without a word green on the water.
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天街
Qin Taoyu
  Qu landscape struggle to make nine new, exclusive day the door near Capital Pavilion. Chaomu competing with BMW passenger
  Dream Car ancient dust grinding war. Nanshan smoke into the color of light is the momentum away from the spring with the North Palace.
  Mo see downtown only that, but also for contacts of people secretly.
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问古
Qin Taoyu
  Big ups and downs at the end of the self, and suspect Yinzhi also difficult to understand. No one to turn to head out of the snow,
  Clouds from the foot of the students have. How vast and deep sea for four high too lofty for the Five Sacred Mountains.
  The total came to see the world, until heaven, but flat.
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豪家
Qin Taoyu
  Shi Zhou Yu wave drain lead, the green shade in the Wu Hou Huai home. The town of Kok Hong lichen lions,
  Lianeqingou embroidered evil. Days by not thoroughly Xiao Qing Song, Shen Yuan leakage still drink back on credit.
  Neighborhood pool hall swallow will do, yet from the heap of gold as the flowers.
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陈宫
Qin Taoyu
  临春高阁拟瀛洲,贪宠张妃作胜游。更把江山为己有,
  岂知台榭是身雠。金城暗逐歌声碎,钱瓮潜随舞势休。
  谁识古宫堪恨处,井桐吟雨不胜秋。
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