Past this arbour where I take my wine;
Cloud-rifts are blowing toward Great Flower Mountain,
And a shower is crossing the Middle Ridge.
I can see trees colouring a distant wall.
I can hear the river seeking the sea,
As I the Imperial City tomorrow –
But I dream of woodsmen and fishermen.
【Writing in Vernacular Chinese】 秋天傍晚枫树随风飒飒作响;
夜宿潼关驿楼自有瓢酒飘香。
几朵残云聚集在高耸的华山;
稀疏的秋雨洒落到中条山上。
遥看树色随着潼关山势延伸;
黄河奔流入海涛声回旋激荡。
明天就可到达繁华京城长安;
我仍自在逍遥做着渔樵梦想!
【Notes】 ①长亭:古时道路每十里设长亭,供行旅停息。
②太华:华山。中条:一名雷首山,在今山西永济东南。
③迥:远。
④帝乡:京都。指长安。
【Review】 潼关,在今陕西省潼关县境内,当陕西、山西、河南三省要冲,是从洛阳进入长安必经的咽喉重镇,形势险要,景色动人。历代诗人路经此地,往往要题诗纪胜。直到清末,谭嗣同还写下他那“河流大野犹嫌束,山入潼关不解平”的名句。可知它在诗人们心目中的位置了。
许浑从故乡润州丹阳(今属江苏)第一次到长安去,途经潼关,也为其山川形势和自然景色所深深吸引,兴会淋漓,挥笔写下了这首“高华雄浑”(清代吴汝纶语)的诗作。
开头两句,作者先勾勒出一幅秋日行旅图,把读者引入一个秋浓似酒、旅况萧瑟的境界。“红叶晚萧萧”,用写景透露人物一缕缕悲凉的意绪:“长亭酒一瓢”,用叙事传出客子旅途况味,用笔干净利落。此诗一本题作《行次潼关,逢魏扶东归》。这个背景材料,可以帮助我们了解诗人何以在长亭送别、借瓢酒消愁的原委。
然而诗人没有久久沉湎在离愁别苦之中。中间四句笔势陡转,大笔勾画四周景色,雄浑苍茫,全然是潼关的典型风物。骋目远望,南面是主峰高耸的西岳华山;北面,隔着黄河,又可见连绵苍莽的中条山。残云归岫,意味着天将放晴;疏雨乍过,给人一种清新之感。从写景看,诗人拿“残云”再加“归”字来点染华山,又拿“疏雨”再加“过”字来烘托中条山,这样,太华和中条就不是死景而是活景,因为其中有动势──在浩茫无际的沉静中显出了一抹飞动的意趣。
诗人把目光略收回来,就又看见苍苍树色,随关城一路远去。关外便是黄河,它从北面奔涌而来,在潼关外头猛地一转,径向三门峡冲去,翻滚的河水咆哮着流入渤海。“河声”后续一“遥”字,传出诗人站在高处远望倾听的神情。眼见树色苍苍,耳听河声汹汹,真绘声绘色,给人耳闻目睹的真实感觉。
这里,诗人连用四句景句,安排得如巨鳌的四足,缺一不可,丝毫没有臃肿杂乱、使人生厌之感。三、四两句,又见其另作《秋霁潼关驿亭》诗颔联,完全相同,可知是诗人偏爱的得意之笔。
“帝乡明日到,犹自梦渔樵”。照理说,离长安不过一天路程,作为入京的旅客,总该想着到长安后便要如何如何,满头满脑盘绕“帝乡”去打转子了。可是许浑却出人意外地说:“我仍然梦着故乡的渔樵生活呢!”含蓄表白了自己并非专为追求名利而来。这样结束,委婉得体,优游不迫,是颇显出自己身分的。(刘逸生)
While the west wind rustles a green vine;
There's a low cloud touching the jade-white dew
And an early wildgoose in the River of Stars....
Night in the tall trees clings to dawn;
Light makes folds in the distant hills;
And here on the Huai, by one falling leaf,
I can feel a storm on Lake Dongting.
【Writing in Vernacular Chinese】 漫漫长夜中泛流着琴瑟的清音;
青萝轻拂好象有西风飕飕而生。
白露凝珠的野草栖留几只残萤;
秋之晨雁群掠过银河向南飞腾。
高大的树木拂晓看来尚未凋零,
阳光下遥望远山层次格外分明。
淮南子有一叶落而知岁暮之句;
我悟到洞庭波兮木叶下的诗情。
【Notes】 1、泛:弹,犹流荡。
2、还密:尚未凋零。
3、淮南两句:用《淮南子·说山训》“见一叶落而知岁暮”和《楚辞·九歌·湘夫人》“洞庭波兮木叶下”意。
遥夜泛清瑟,西风生翠萝。
残萤栖玉露,早雁拂金河。
高树晓还密,远山晴更多。
淮南一叶下,自觉洞庭波。
栖玉露:又作委玉露
拂金河:又作拂银河
洞庭波:又作老烟波
【Review】 这是咏早秋景物的咏物诗。题目是“早秋”,因而处处落在“早”字。“残萤”、“早雁”、“晓还密”、“一叶下”、“洞庭波”都扣紧“早”字。俯察、仰视、近看、远望,从高低远近来描绘早秋景物,真是神清气足,悠然不尽。
Dance suspect back to the snow state, turn contain cloud song sound. Powder Peak drunk off the wind on the city is high.
Bird-shaped turn track, blending poetry ape sound. Canglang outside the water, Zhijun For Zhuo Ying.
柳重絮微湿,梅繁花未香。兹辰贺丰岁,箫鼓宴梁王。
Length and health the drugs, inorganic from idle. That should be raw wings, Chinese table in the world.
鸟急山初暝,蝉稀树正凉。又归何处去,尘路月苍苍。
红叶高斋雨,青萝曲槛烟。宁知远游客,羸马太行前。
心期荣辱外,名挂是非中。岁晚亦归去,田园清洛东。
婚嫁乖前志,功名异夙心。汤师不可问,江上碧云深。
Shu Qi Hong cold bamboo mat, the more relaxed and clear bottles. Idle mind is no matter, He Yi live Shanseng.
Lu Hao smoke moon, dark bamboo fast closing doors. Qu threshold water insects, Yamadori next empty band.
Xiao Qing mirror to see hair, Su-Qin Qiu send arms. North window for customers to know, good day and the world situation.
Lu Xiao-Jian Jia heavy cream Ching Ju You down. Free labor and promote back to the oar, Trinidad determined to period.
Ermao comb on the snow, tears the anterior ice. I ask Jogyesa Road, multiple layers of mountains.
Small dark mountain cattle and sheep, wild mallard in cold water, and more. Because of high and one back, also from the song Ode to millet.
Dian Xiao-month moving beads, Yu Cheng delivery autumn wind. Sunrise should shift Zhao, Sunshine Miles worry.
The dew is heavy cicadas anxious, wind and more difficult birds places. How about the West Ban Liu, Yu-Ching dance railings.
Chu Station pillow Autumn, Xiang Fan Ling Muyun. Night monkeys are heartbroken, they should smell the rain.
Debit side of the beach birds did not, removal Sao grass insects. Two years ago not more memory, SJ full Fengcheng.
月圆疑望镜,花暖似依屏。何必旧巢去,山山芳草青。
Luchou cold places alone, Lonely Nights Yu plug. Less than swallow nest, accompanied by westerly winds return.
素手怨瑶瑟,清心悲玉壶。春华坐销落,未忍泣蘼芜。
Mountains with snow, sunny, windy night the Cold Water. Also work a few days, birds take over Palace.
散香蕲簟滑,沉水越瓶寒。犹恐何郎热,冰生白玉盘。
Joseph alone cover meditation, slow songs always focussed on air. Front return, Tiao delivery of Luoyang City.