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云阳馆与韩绅宿别
Sikong Shu
云阳馆与韩绅宿别

云阳馆与韩绅宿别
  Long divided by river and sea,
  For years we two have failed to meet –
  And suddenly to find you seems like a dream....
  With a catch in the throat, we ask how old we are.
  ...Our single lamp shines, through cold and wet,
  On a bamboo- thicket sheathed in rain;
  But forgetting the sadness that will come with tomorrow,
  Let us share the comfort of this farewell wine.

【Writing in Vernacular Chinese】 老朋友自从江海阔别之后,
几道道隔山隔水难得见面。
忽然相逢却疑心是在梦中,
相怜别后生活互问了庚年。
孤灯冷冷地在雨夜中闪烁,
窗外湿竹笼罩昏暗的轻烟。
最可恨的是明朝又将分别,
这惜别怀盏怎不相对频传?

【Notes】 1. 江海:指上次的分别地,也可理解为泛指江海天涯,相隔遥远。
2. 几度:几次,此处犹言几年
3. 乍:骤,突然。
4. 翻:反而。
5. 年:年时光景。
6. 离杯:饯别的酒。
7. 共传:互相举杯。

【Review】 云阳,县名,县治在今陕西泾阳县西北。韩绅,《全唐诗》注:“一作韩升卿。”韩愈四叔名绅卿,与司空曙同时,曾在泾阳任县令,可能即为其人。

  这是首惜别诗,但一开始却从上次的别离说起,接写此次相会,然后才写到叙谈和惜别,描写曲折,富有情致。

  上次别后,已历数年,山川阻隔,相会不易,其间的相思,自在言外。正因为相会不易,相思心切,所以才生发出此次相见时的“疑梦”和惜别的感伤心情来,首联和颔联,恰成因果关系。江海,指上次的分别地,也可理解为泛指江海天涯,相隔遥远。几度,几次,此处犹言几年,下文的“问年”,正与此呼应。

  “乍见”二句是传诵的名句,人到情极处,往往以假为真,以真作假。久别相逢,乍见以后,反疑为梦境,正说明了上次别后的相思心切和此次相会不易。假如别后没有牵情,相逢以后便会平平淡淡,不会有“翻疑梦”的情景出现了。“翻疑梦”,不仅情真意切,而且把诗人欣喜、惊奇的神态表现得维妙维肖,十分传神。即使说久别初见时悲喜交集的心情神态,尽见于三字之中,也是不为过的。杜甫《羌村三首》云:“夜阑更秉烛,相对如梦寐”,是写乱离中回家后和妻子儿女相见时的心情。“乍见”二句,和杜诗的用意相仿。“乍见”,不仅是说刚刚相见,而且还含有出乎意料、突然相见的意思。由于别后相会不易,所以见后才喜极生悲;由于别后时间隔得太长,所以相见以后才互问年龄。“各问年”,不仅在感叹年长容衰,也在以实证虚,说明“翻疑梦”的境真情真。

  颈联和尾联接写深夜在馆中叙谈的情景。相逢已难,又要离别,其间千言万语,不是片时所能说完的,所以诗人避实就虚,只以景象渲染映衬,以景寓情了。寒夜里,一束暗淡的灯火映照着蒙蒙的夜雨,竹林深处,似飘浮着片片烟云。孤灯、寒雨、浮烟、湿竹,景象是多么凄凉。诗人写此景正是借以渲染伤别的气氛。其中的孤、寒、湿、暗、浮诸字,都是得力的字眼,不仅渲染映衬出诗人悲凉暗淡的心情,也象征着人事的浮游不定。二句既是描写实景,又是虚写人的心情。

  结处表面上是劝饮离怀,实际上却是总写伤别。用一“更”字,就点明了即将再次离别的伤痛。“离怀惜共传”,在惨淡的灯光下,两位友人举杯劝饮,表现出彼此珍惜情谊和恋恋不舍的离情。惜,珍惜。诗人用在此处,自有不尽的情意。综观全诗,中四句语极工整,写悲喜感伤,笼罩寒夜,几乎不可收拾。但于末二句,却能轻轻收结,略略冲淡。这说明诗人能运笔自如,具有重抹轻挽的笔力。

  (孙其芳)

喜见外弟卢纶见宿
Sikong Shu
喜见外弟卢纶见宿

喜见外弟卢纶见宿
  With no other neighbour but the quiet night,
  Here I live in the same old cottage;
  And as raindrops brighten yellow leaves,
  The lamp illumines my white head....
  Out of the world these many years,
  I am ashamed to receive you here.
  But you cannot come too often,
  More than brother, lifelong friend.

【Writing in Vernacular Chinese】 宁静的夜晚四周没有近邻,
我荒居旧屋家道早就赤贫。
枯黄的老树在风雨中落叶,
昏暗的灯光映照白发老人。
因为我长期以来孤寂沉沦,
你频来探望令我自愧难忍。
平生情谊可见是自有缘分,
更何况本身就是姑表亲门。

【Notes】 四:四方。
旧业:指家中的产业。
以:因为。
分:谊分。
霍家亲:晋羊祜为蔡邕外孙,这里只是说明两家是表亲。一作蔡家亲

【Review】 寂静的夜晚四周没有邻居,因为家贫,居住在荒野中。夜雨中树上的黄叶飘落下来,灯下是白发老人。我这样孤独沉沦很久了,愧对你屡次来慰问我。我们本来就有情分,何况又是表亲。
司空曙和卢纶都在“大历十才子”之列,诗歌工力相匹,又是表兄弟,关系十分亲密。诗人“磊落有奇才”,但因为“性耿介,不干权要”,所以落得宦途坎坷,家境清寒。这首诗正是作者这种境遇的写照。诗人孤单地居住在荒野,表弟去看他,他表面上说“喜”,心中却是充满了悲凉与凄苦,正是“喜中有悲”。全诗悲喜交加,比喻贴切,意味深长。

[鉴赏]
司空曙和卢纶都在“大历十才子”之列,诗歌工力相匹,又是表兄弟。从这首诗,尤其是末联“平生自有分(情谊),况是蔡家亲(羊祜为蔡邕外孙,因称表亲为蔡家亲)”,可以看见他俩的亲密关系和真挚情谊;而且可以感受到作者生活境遇的悲凉。据《唐才子传》卷四载,司空曙“磊落有奇才”,但因为“性耿介,不干权要”,所以落得宦途坎坷,家境清寒。这首诗正是作者这种境遇的写照。

  前四句描写静夜里的荒村,陋室内的贫士,寒雨中的黄叶,昏灯下的白发,通过这些,构成一个完整的生活画面。这画面充满着辛酸和悲哀。后四句直揭诗题,写表弟卢纶来访见宿,在悲凉之中见到知心亲友,因而喜出望外。近人俞陛云《诗境浅说》说,这首诗“前半首写独处之悲,后言相逢之喜,反正相生,为律诗一格”。从章法上看,确是如此。前半首和后半首,一悲一喜,悲喜交感,总的倾向是统一于悲。后四句虽然写“喜”,却隐约透露出“悲”;“愧君相见频”中的一个“愧”字,就表现了悲凉的心情。因之,题中虽着“喜”字,背后却有“悲”的滋味。一正一反,互相生发,互相映衬,使所要表现的主旨更深化了,更突出了。这就是“反正相生”手法的艺术效果。

  比兴兼用,也是这首诗重要的艺术手法。“雨中黄叶树,灯下白头人”,不是单纯的比喻,而是进一步利用作比的形象来烘托气氛,特别富有诗味,成了著名的警句。用树之落叶来比喻人之衰老,是颇为贴切的。树叶在秋风中飘落,和人的风烛残年正相类似,相似点在衰飒。这里,树作为环境中的景物,起了气氛烘托的作用,类似起兴。自从宋玉《九辩》提出“悲哉秋之为气也,萧瑟兮草木摇落而变衰”,秋风落叶,常常被用以塑造悲的气氛,“黄叶树”自然也烘托了悲的情绪。比兴兼用,所以特别富有艺术感染力。明谢榛《四溟诗话》卷一云:“韦苏州曰:‘窗里人将老,门前树已秋。’白乐天曰:‘树初黄叶日,人欲白头时。’司空曙曰:‘雨中黄叶树,灯下白头人。’三诗同一机杼,司空为优:善状目前之景,无限凄感,见乎言表。”其实,三诗之妙,不只是善于状景物,而且还善于设喻。司空曙此诗颔联之所以“为优”,在于比韦应物、白居易诗多了雨景和昏灯这两层意思,虽然这两层并无“比”的作用,却大大加强了悲凉的气氛。高步瀛《唐宋诗举要》说:“‘雨中’‘灯下’虽与王摩诘相犯,而意境各自不同,正不为病。”王维《秋夜独坐》:“雨中山果落,灯下草虫鸣。”这两句纯属白描,是赋体,并不兼比;不仅意境不同,手法亦自有别。马戴《灞上秋居》:“落叶他乡树,寒灯独夜人。”语虽近似司空曙,但手法也并不一样,这里只写灞上秋居漂泊异乡孤独寂寞的情景,不曾以树喻人,没有比的意思。司空曙“雨中”、“灯下”两句之妙,就在于运用了兴而兼比的艺术手法。

  (林东海)

贼平后送人北归
Sikong Shu
贼平后送人北归

贼平后送人北归
  In dangerous times we two came south;
  Now you go north in safety, without me.
  But remember my head growing white among strangers,
  When you look on the blue of the mountains of home.
  ...The moon goes down behind a ruined fort,
  Leaving star-clusters above an old gate....
  There are shivering birds and withering grasses,
  Whichever way I turn my face.

【Writing in Vernacular Chinese】 安史作乱你我一同流落江南;
时局安定之后你却独自北返。
八年光阴漂泊他乡已生白发;
你回故乡所见依旧当年青山。
你踏晓月早行所过尽是残垒;
繁星密布之夜该是宿于故关?
一路上只有寒禽和萋萋衰草;
处处跟着你的愁颜相依相伴!

【Notes】 贼平:指平定安史之乱。
时清:指时局已安定。
旧国句:意谓你到故乡,所见者也惟有青山如故。旧国,指故乡。
残垒:残余的军垒。

【Review】 安史之乱持续八年,致使百姓流离失所。这首诗是安史之乱刚结束不久的作品。战乱刚平,诗人送友人北归。诗人回忆安史之乱爆发时他与友人一起逃往南方,战乱平定后友人一人北归。在这长长的岁月里,大家都在辗转他乡的过程中头生白发,战后故乡当残破不堪,也只有青山依旧了。诗的后半部分想像友人一路上早行晚停,回归故里,见到的只能是寒禽衰草。诗人写出了惜别友人之情,并曲折地表达了故国残破的悲痛。

琴曲歌辞·蔡氏五弄·秋思
Sikong Shu
  Even with the lazy quiet phase, were reminders of the decline. Huan future is not _set_, past empty to hate.
  King appointed day and leaves, Yuet Wah Lvtai shop. He has thought more, sad end to sit Yuqin.
Translated by Google
题玉真观公主山池院
Sikong Shu
  Xiangdian left to stay shadow, spring's jade door open. Plumage re-factor of several, Chu Yan light Egypt network.
  Stone was from Pengshan, spring through too liquid to. Stir cover the Green Wave, the pollen off the moss.
  Luan air cover in the mirror, Xia Feng does not return to consumer. CD remaining old peach tree, plant mass is on the fairy.
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送永阳崔明府
Sikong Shu
  古国群舒地,前当桐柏关。连绵江上雨,稠叠楚南山。
  沙馆行帆息,枫洲候吏还。乘篮若有暇,精舍在林间。
送曹三同猗游山寺
Sikong Shu
  Green Wu Shan step on to do, Liangqiu temple deep. That even when the policy, the night shift heard piano.
  Poor Shuiyun the same hole, Tiger had a total forest monk. Attentive as I read, left Seoul resign heart.
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送崔校书赴梓幕
Sikong Shu
  碧峰天柱下,鼓角镇南军。管记催飞檄,蓬莱辍校文。
  栈霜朝似雪,江雾晚成云。想出褒中望,巴庸方路分。
送夔州班使君
Sikong Shu
  State Fish Palestinian yung Road, rejoice over buildings Han Shou. Xiao Qiang fight city pass, multi-night ritual drum.
  When the white cloud mountain rain, full of Gap Delicate waves. Officials Yiling old man, still chanting the two Qi song.
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送菊潭王明府
Sikong Shu
  业成洙泗客,皓发著儒衣。一与游人别,仍闻带印归。
  林多宛地古,云尽汉山稀。莫爱浔阳隐,嫌官计亦非。
送太易上人赴东洛
Sikong Shu
  Yaoxian climbing Department, Tsing Wu snow of spring. Yunshen Yuemiao fire places Temple in Luoyang people.
  Bait medicine will fast break, only poetry and Tao. Where it is not several times, stag tail separated from the body.
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和王卿立秋即事
Sikong Shu
  秋宜何处看,试问白云官。暗入蝉鸣树,微侵蝶绕兰。
  向风凉稍动,近日暑犹残。九陌浮埃减,千峰爽气攒。
  换衣防竹暮,沈果讶泉寒。宫响传花杵,天清出露盘。
  高禽当侧弁,游鲔对凭栏。一奏招商曲,空令继唱难。
和李员外与舍人咏玫瑰花寄徐侍郎
Sikong Shu
  Lagerstroemia Lang Sin officials, the rich were to play Fong. Save star Pai Lu Ti, according to the eye red.
  Jealous turned dark order drugs straight away with the Department of incense. Easy to travel around the sticks bees, birds, thorn hinder hinder title.
  Dew condensation clothing powder, Rui Huang scatter in the wind. Polygonum posumbu Chu Meng tree together, Jinping Zhang Huan bad.
  Ask a guest to stay to see win the bamboo, thinking tong than love. Yong-Chuan Tsai-ping as far Grossman Xiaoxiang.
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冬夜耿拾遗王秀才就宿因伤故人
Sikong Shu
  旧时闻笛泪,今夜重沾衣。方恨同人少,何堪相见稀。
  竹烟凝涧壑,林雪似芳菲。多谢劳车马,应怜独掩扉。
早春游慈恩南池
Sikong Shu
  Temple temporary water, Singing Sorrowful term perspective students. Every step on the bridge crane, the value of the spring to find the bamboo cross.
  Stir still short of new, light apple leaf minors. Also as Huxi on sun_set_ with Monk line.
Translated by Google
雨夜见投之作
Sikong Shu
  出户繁星尽,池塘暗不开。动衣凉气度,遰树远声来。
  灯外初行电,城隅偶隐雷。因知谢文学,晓望比尘埃。
龙池寺望月寄韦使君阎别驾
Sikong Shu
  Clear light the night, the eternal hope to be the same. When the Wild Shen fog, low wind city tree.
  Fun Palace, a total of mysterious flower, water, government Hao phase space. Thinking back on high-rise buildings, only the king of Yu Gong.
Translated by Google
秋夜忆兴善院寄苗发
Sikong Shu
  Youjun many living in monasteries, the after-autumn night. Associated with the Shanseng from that planeswalker because melancholy.
  Shutter cream Ai Ai, a lengthy stretch of water. If poetry as a gift off of Jun Yi Hui.
Translated by Google
病中寄郑十六兄
Sikong Shu
  倦枕欲徐行,开帘秋月明。手便筇杖冷,头喜葛巾轻。
  绿草前侵水,黄花半上城。虚消此尘景,不见十年兄。
卫明府寄枇杷叶以诗答
Sikong Shu
  倾筐呈绿叶,重叠色何鲜。讵是秋风里,犹如晓露前。
  仙方当见重,消疾本应便。全胜甘蕉赠,空投谢氏篇。
过庆宝寺(一作耿湋诗,题作废宝光寺)
Sikong Shu
  Former Temple yellow leaves, no Buddhist temple opened cold. Pond turtles a sunny exposure, loose evening crane fly back.
  Furui Wang monument grass, moss shade mixed picture gallery. Zen Palace also sell breaks, turn on earth worthy of grief.
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奉和张大夫酬高山人
Sikong Shu
  野客居铃阁,重门将校稀。豸冠亲谷弁,龟印识荷衣。
  座右寒飙爽,谈馀暮角微。苍生须太傅,山在岂容归。
送严使君游山
Sikong Shu
  Chu by three at home, choose a speech state money. Send glasses with the world, either sold off Sao years.
  Red fire and mountain far, Wuhu and the waves with green. Youth moon night, to know the E Jun ship.
Translated by Google
送柳震归蜀
Sikong Shu
  Static double day, the West see Shu spring. Tung Blossom birds can milk, bamboo King Temple of God.
  Jian-step only the sea, the first whip is not amiable. Congjiang Pu She knows, who registered more couch.
Translated by Google
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