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凉州词
Wang Han
凉州词

凉州词
  They sing, they drain their cups of jade,
  They strum on horseback their guitars.
  ...Why laugh when they fall asleep drunk on the sand? –
  How many soldiers ever come home?

【Writing in Vernacular Chinese】 新酿成的葡萄美酒,盛满夜光杯;
正想开怀畅饮,马上琵琶声频催。
即使醉倒沙场,请诸君不要见笑;
自古男儿出征,有几人活着归回?

【Notes】 1、夜光杯:一种白玉制成的杯子。

【Review】 诗是咏边寒情景之名曲。全诗写艰苦荒凉的边塞的一次盛宴,描摹了征人们开怀痛饮、尽情酣醉的场面。首句用语绚丽优美,音调清越悦耳,显出盛宴的豪华气派;一句用"欲饮"两字,进一层极写热烈场面,酒宴外加音乐,着意渲染气氛。三、四句极写征人互相斟酌劝饮,尽情尽致,乐而忘忧,豪放旷达。这两句,蘅塘退士评曰:"作旷达语,倍觉悲痛。"历来评注家也都以为悲凉感伤,厌恶征战。清代施补华的《岘佣说诗》评说:"作悲伤语读便浅,作谐谑语读便妙。在学人领悟。 "从内容看,无厌恶戎马生涯之语,无哀叹生命不保之意,无非难征战痛苦之情,谓是悲凉感伤,似乎勉强。施补华的话有其深度。千古名绝,众论殊多,见仁见智,学人自悟。

[鉴赏]
边地荒寒艰苦的环境,紧张动荡的征戍生活,使得边塞将士很难得到一次欢聚的酒宴。有幸遇到那么一次,那激昂兴奋的情绪,那开怀痛饮、一醉方休的场面,是不难想象的。这首诗正是这种生活和感情的写照。诗中的酒,是西域盛产的葡萄美酒;杯,相传是周穆王时代,西胡以白玉精制成的酒杯,有如“光明夜照”,故称“夜光杯”;乐器则是胡人用的琵琶;还有“沙场”、“征战”等等词语。这一切都表现出一种浓郁的边地色彩和军营生活的风味。

  诗人以饱蘸激情的笔触,用铿锵激越的音调,奇丽耀眼的词语,定下这开篇的第一句—“葡萄美酒夜光杯”,犹如突然间拉开帷幕,在人们的眼前展现出五光十色、琳琅满目、酒香四溢的盛大筵席。这景象使人惊喜,使人兴奋,为全诗的抒情创造了气氛,定下了基调。第二句开头的“欲饮”二字,渲染出这美酒佳肴盛宴的不凡的诱人魅力,表现出将士们那种豪爽开朗的性格。正在大家“欲饮”未得之时,乐队奏起了琵琶,酒宴开始了,那急促欢快的旋律,象是在催促将士们举杯痛饮,使已经热烈的气氛顿时沸腾起来。这句诗改变了七字句习用的音节,采取上二下五的句法,更增强了它的感染力。这里的“催字”,有人说是催出发,和下文似乎难以贯通。有人解释为:催尽管催,饮还是照饮。这也不切合将士们豪放俊爽的精神状态。“马上”二字,往往又使人联想到“出发”,其实在西域胡人中,琵琶本来就是骑在马上弹奏的。“琵琶马上催”,是着意渲染一种欢快宴饮的场面。

  诗的三、四句是写筵席上的畅饮和劝酒。过去曾有人认为这两句“作旷达语,倍觉悲痛”。还有人说:“故作豪饮之词,然悲感已极”。话虽不同,但都离不开一个“悲”字。后来更有用低沉、悲凉、感伤、反战等等词语来概括这首诗的思想感情的,依据也是三四两句,特别是末句。“古来征战几人回”,显然是一种夸张的说法。清代施补华说这两句诗:“作悲伤语读便浅,作谐谑语读便妙,在学人领悟。”(《岘傭说诗》)这话对我们颇有启发。为什么“作悲伤语读便浅”呢?因为它不是在宣扬战争的可怕,也不是表现对戎马生涯的厌恶,更不是对生命不保的哀叹。让我们再回过头去看看那欢宴的场面吧:耳听着阵阵欢快、激越的琵琶声,将士们真是兴致飞扬,你斟我酌,一阵痛饮之后,便醉意微微了。也许有人想放杯了吧,这时座中便有人高叫:怕什么,醉就醉吧,就是醉卧沙场,也请诸位莫笑,“古来征战几人回”,我们不是早将生死置之度外了吗?可见这三、四两句正是席间的劝酒之词,而并不是什么悲伤之情,它虽有几分“谐谑”,却也为尽情酣醉寻得了最具有环境和性格特征的“理由”。“醉卧沙场”,表现出来的不仅是豪放、开朗、兴奋的感情,而且还有着视死如归的勇气,这和豪华的筵席所显示的热烈气氛是一致的。这是一个欢乐的盛宴,那场面和意境决不是一两个人在那儿浅斟低酌,借酒浇愁。它那明快的语言、跳动跌宕的节奏所反映出来的情绪是奔放的,狂热的;它给人的是一种激动和向往的艺术魅力,这正是盛唐边塞诗的特色。千百年来,这首诗一直为人们所传诵。

  (赵其钧)

相和歌辞·饮马长城窟行
Wang Han
  Chang Young far and plans, but envy executive Kingo lives. Qi Lin front hall thanks to the emperor,
  King and West, Hu cursory blow. Hu faces of the people of sand blown banners, Chinese prisoner did not meet each other.
  News Pigu move away to come, preaching Chanyu night still fighting. At this point Guen Ning Gu body,
  King and his party destroy people. Monty drawn by back day, Chanyu Jianxue dye Zhu round.
  Great horses come Cave, Chang'an Road, near many bones. He asked the elder generation,
  Death Cloud is the king of fortification. Saibei no smoke at dusk, chirping sound of boiling Guiku days.
  See punish the guilty is not reward success, souls living on the edge of town. When the former King of Qin An Jian, the
  Not as princes Xihang. Fuguoqiangbing two decades, building resentment Hing kept taxes nine miles.
  Mrs Ho Yu Qin fortifications, the day of non-North Hu Qin real death. Once Huoqixiaoqiang within
  Wei Xianyang no longer have.
Translated by Google
相和歌辞·蛾眉怨
Wang Han
相和歌辞·蛾眉怨
  Do not you see Kau Yi Chun Court in Hall, House again and again straight flying, such as hair.
  Zhu birds all day with windows, a half into the black dragon clouds Que. Color female palace night without incident,
  Find out more Phoenix school flute. Bead volume to be cool north, to the moon Nankai embroidered household.
  Hu Wen Yi Crescent emperor, Bao Feng took the title two Chi sort out divining stalks. Sound transmission cursory open Kanaya,
  Jade ring folder Chi Ming Road. Ting Tong Hua Yan Changle sleep, three thousand Americans tracer Kam.
  Lights, smiling more Luo Yi, Yao Jian tents Cheng'en pillow. Jun unexpectedly halfway back to the heart,
  Do not look for Immortality Sendai. Lang forbidden door of an inner room away from the phase position memory, Alexandrite day rock house is not open.
  For real peach to the human species, starting with sea seek Penglai. Penglai is not rectifiable, and
  Misty knows how to boat. Gold for the plate of brass stem, sunny palm Bailu engine.
  Jun sweet sense of the Queen Mother of Italy, want to greet pennant rain cloud car. Fei Mu Lian view of the former air grievances,
  Shao Jun Wherein have to phase errors. Once buried Maoling field, Jianqie Crescent is not heavy care.
  Late out of the car, Nanshan Temple, did not return to Xian Wei Wei Yi. Asr cry of the tree towards the unicorn,
  Changtae spot under the tree growing. Night life will be half a century, long song Mo sigh of wine.
  Can not think of the day left to know, a lifetime mention the death count.
Translated by Google
相和歌辞·子夜春歌
Wang Han
  春气满林香,春游不可忘。落花吹欲尽,垂柳折还长。
  桑女淮南曲,金鞍塞北装。行行小垂手,日暮渭川阳。
赠唐祖二子
Wang Han
  Hongfei vain For compliance, Luming think, therefore group. Material conditions of labor still love to do is the status of king.
  Do not spend the time origin, not after the blue and then smoked. Origination Yao Zi Bai Lu, Po se pour cold atmosphere.
  PEI irresolute Beilin months, Chang Wang, Nanshan clouds. Lunar vague miles, audio logo can not be heard.
Translated by Google
飞燕篇
Wang Han
  The luxury and Xiao Cheng Emperor, Princess Pingyang Fortunately, the line home. Poor daughter, three to five Xu,
  Feng Rong Xi is a garden flower. People do not dance has always been expensive, and once every sense of Jun Jun meaning.
  Jun heart to see the tour but not forgotten, sister Flying into the purple room. Women may not see the color purple room,
  Zhaoyang solid pet house designed wing. Hokyo coral red makeup _set_s, silver spring mica Qing Suo fan.
  Rixi rumors dance sound, long letter only concern human disturbance. Popular stricken sorrow long letter,
  King Gechui end circles. Xiao Qiong get North Korea under the clouds, riding a golden ladder on the moon the night.
  Thin faint moon eclipse Yang Jing, Jiao Extreme jealousy Allure confusion. Purple has been cross-polar see Bai,
  Fu Wen Huang Sun swallows pecking. Huang Sun Yan pecking die off, Nvdi once they fire break.
  Obviously salty ring of the emperor, illustrious Zongzhou concubine out. Kulai Xiansheng sigh fur coat,
  Dissolute nations shame of a country. Andhra off the top of Ma Jian, the son of the first cut taken while the rich.
Translated by Google
赋得明星玉女坛,送廉察尉华阴
Wang Han
  Qin said the south of the town of Honghe, hair shaved to five thousand yards. Sword from the ground are three peaks,
  Feng Jun in the special repair alone. Star on Lady Temple, Temple of the high altar winding subtle way.
  Thirty-six ladder into the two opposing powers, firewood often see Crescent. Crescent moon and wish to laugh,
  See the soul of a people under Qiao Temple. For car driving five cents Yunfei, according to the Hong fan Jiuhua oblique open.
  Xi Shao Feelings queue later, the king is willing to serve in the side of re-spin. Jiang Fei Yu Pei stay in mind,
  Women win silver flute empty self-pity. Popular two-way special conditions cents a rapid pace, a sense of the endless speech Jun Jun to go.
  Yaoxian star concubine home, the wind scattered snow I do not know at. So people in the West Chang'an
  Sale of drugs between the cast of this mountain. Waves are not visible clouds, green Luomeng pretty cotton velvet birds.
  Lady desires longevity law shall also burn incense day and night.
Translated by Google
春女行
Wang Han
  紫台穹跨连绿波,红轩铪匝垂纤罗。中有一人金作面,
  隔幌玲珑遥可见。忽闻黄鸟鸣且悲,镜边含笑著春衣。
  罗袖婵娟似无力,行拾落花比容色。落花一度无再春,
  人生作乐须及辰。君不见楚王台上红颜子,
  今日皆成狐兔尘。
奉和圣制同二相已下群官乐游园宴
Wang Han
  未极人心畅,如何帝道明。仍嫌酺宴促,复宠乐游行。
  陆海披珍藏,天河直斗城。四关青霭合,数处白云生。
  饪餗调元气,歌钟溢雅声。空惭尧舜日,至德杳难名。
奉和圣制送张说上集贤学士赐宴,得筵字
Wang Han
  东堂起集贤,贵得从神仙。首命台阶老,将崇御府员。
  送人锵玉佩,中使拂琼筵。和乐薰风解,湛恩时雨连。
  长材成磊落,短翮强翩翾。徒仰蓬莱地,何阶不让缘。
奉和圣制送张尚书巡边
Wang Han
  Purple Ribbon Book of India, the prime minister, Zhu Ping car. Teng Xu toward the body, the Kun will resign at home.
  Afraid to inflammation steamed bitter, tasted it _set_ to go on credit. Apprentices Army policy, vows no uproar finally Seoul.
  Emperor musical styles since the beginning of King City on a half inclined. Saint-line flow for pet, according to Taiwan and China Yin preserves.
  Ride calendar Henan tree, Jing shake Saibei sand. Huai Rong due service, has been killed before adding strict.
  Jun Ling insurance industry only, way off the ground sigh. Ningru Zaokong so far caused pomegranate.
Translated by Google
凉州词二首
Wang Han
  Putao wine Magic Cup, want to drink immediately pipa reminder.
  Jun Mo battlefield Zuiwo laugh a few people since ancient times fought back.
  The bird has to be À Qin, beyond the Great Wall wind Youzi cold.
  Willow night off listening to Hu Jia, Yi-Chang teach people emotional.
Translated by Google
春日归思
Wang Han
  Yangliuqing Tsing Hang blur, Nianguang wrong turn off homelessness.
  I do not know the lake Ling singer, a few boats in the spring, if yeah.
Translated by Google
观蛮童为伎之作
Wang Han
  长裙锦带还留客,广额青娥亦效颦。
  共惜不成金谷妓,虚令看杀玉车人。
龙兴观金箓建醮(景龙二年)
Wang Han
  泰山岩岩兮凌紫氛,中有群仙兮乘白云,
  陈金荐璧兮□□□。
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