阪有漆，隰有慄。既見君子，並坐鼓瑟。今者不樂，逝者其耋。
阪有桑，隰有楊。既見君子，並坐鼓簧。今者不樂，逝者其亡。
He has horses with their white foreheads.
Before we can see our prince,
We must get the services of eunuch.
On the hill-sides are varnish trees;
In the low wet grounds are chestnuts.
When we have seen our prince,
We sit together with him, and they play on their lutes.
If now we do not take our joy,
The time will pass till we are octogenarians.
On the hill-sides are mulberry trees;
In the low wet grounds are willows.
When we have seen our prince,
We sit together with him, and they play on their organs.
If now we do not take our joy,
The time will pass till we are no more.
奉時辰牡，辰牡孔碩。公曰左之，捨拔則獲。
遊於北園，四馬既閑。輶車鸞鑣，載獫歇驕。
The six reins are in the hand [of the charioteer].
The ruler's favourites,
Follow him to the chase.
The male animals of the season are made to present themselves,
The males in season, of very large size.
The ruler says, ' To the left of them; '
Then he lets go his arrows and hits.
He rambles in the northern park;
His four horses display their training.
Light carriages, with bells at the horses' bits,
Convey the long and short-mouthed dogs.
言念君子，溫其如玉。在其板屋，亂我心麯。
四牡孔阜，六轡在手。騏騮是中，騧驪是驂。竜盾之合，鋈以觼軜。
言念君子，溫其在邑。方何為期？鬍然我念之！
俴駟孔群，厹矛鋈錞。蒙伐有苑，虎韔鏤膺。交韔二弓，竹閉緄縢。
言念君子，載寢載興。厭厭良人，秩秩德音。
With the ridge-like end of its pole, elegantly bound in five places;
With its slip rings and side straps,
And the traces attached by gilt rings to the masked transverse;
With its beautiful mat of tiger's skin, and its long naves;
With its piebalds, and horses with white left feet.
When I think of my husband [thus],
Looking bland and soft as a piece of jade;
Living there in his blank house;
It sends confusion into all the corners of my heart.
His four horses are in very fine condition,
And the six reins are in the hand [of the charioteer].
Piebald, and bay with black mane, are the insides;
Yellow with black mouth, and black, are the outsides;
Side by side are placed the dragon-figured shields;
Gilt are the buckles for the inner reins.
I think of my husband [thus],
Looking so mild in the cities there.
What time can be fixed for his return?
Oh! how I think of him!
His mail-covered team moves in great harmony;
There are the trident spears with their gilt ends;
And the beautiful feather-figured shield;
With the tiger-skin bow-case, and the carved metal ornaments on its front.
The two bows are placed in the case,
Bound with string to their bamboo frames.
I think of my husband,
When I lie down and rise up.
Tranquil and serene is the good man,
With his virtuous fame spread far and near.
蒹葭
蒹葭
蒹葭
蒹葭
蒹葭
蒹葭
蒹葭
蒹葭
蒹葭
蒹葭
蒹葭
蒹葭
蒹葭蒹葭萋萋，白露未晞。所謂伊人，在水之湄。溯洄從之，道阻且躋。溯遊從之，宛在水中坻。
蒹葭采采，白露未已。所謂伊人，在水之涘。溯洄從之，道阻且右。溯遊從之，宛在水中沚。
And the white dew is turned into hoarfrost.
The man of whom I think,
Is somewhere about the water.
I go up the stream in quest of him,
But the way is difficult and long.
I go down the stream in quest of him,
And lo! he is right in the midst of the water.
The reeds and rushes are luxuriant,
And the white dew is not yet dry.
The man of whom I think,
Is on the margin of the water.
I go up the stream in quest of him,
But the way is difficult and steep.
I go down the stream in quest of him,
And lo! he is on the islet in the midst of the water.
The reeds and rushes are abundant,
And the white dew is not yet ceased.
The man of whom I think,
Is on the bank of the river.
I go up the stream in quest of him,
But the way is difficult and turns to the right.
I go down the stream in quest of him,
And lo! he is on the island in the midst of the water.
【注釋】 ①蒹，荻。葭，葦。多隆阿曰：“荻之高者不過五六尺，葦之高者至丈餘；荻莖細如蒿梗，葦之大者則如小竹；葦之中實，荻之中空，二草之別在此也。”
②毛傳：“逆流而上曰溯洄，順流而涉日溯遊。”
③萋萋，釋文：“本亦作‘凄’。”張慎儀曰：“《說文》：‘萋，草盛也。”凄，雨雲起也。’此詩應以萋為正字。”徐礅曰：“《四月》詩傳：‘凄凄，涼風也。’《緑衣》詩傳：‘凄，寒風也。’《蒹葭》當霜凝之候，涼風蕭瑟，寒意凄其，既盛而將痱矣。”據此，是讀“萋”，可以讀出景象；讀“凄”，則並景中之情，或曰視覺中的感覺，亦可解得。
④毛傳：“晞，幹也。”
⑤毛傳：“湄，水賺也。躋，升也。”鄭箋：“言其難至如升阪。”按湄，《爾雅·釋水》：“水草交為湄。”李巡註：“水中有草木交會曰湄。”又毛傳曰“水賺”者，鬍承珙曰：“《說文》‘賺，崖也。”崖，高邊也。’下文‘道阻且躋’，躋為升義，故此以‘水隒’見其高意。”
⑥毛傳：“涘，厓也。”鄭箋：“‘右’者，言其迂回也。”焦琳日：“道阻且長、且躋、且右，皆因溯遊逆流之故，意中覺得必是如此，無認作真有別樣阻滯也。”李九華曰：“《爾雅》‘小洲曰渚，小渚曰址，小沚曰坻’，皆絶小之稱。”
【譯文】
浩蕩蘆葦莽蒼蒼，清晰白露化為霜。
心湖搖曳惟有她,伶俜站立水一方.
逆流而上相跟從,奈何道艱漫且長.
順流而下互追隨,已然她在水中央.
茂密蘆葦盛萋萋,猶濕白露映霞光
心湖蕩漾惟有她,依偎水草連岸旁
逆流而上相跟從,奈何路彎崎山岡
順流而下互追隨,隱約淡坐孤石上
葳蕤蘆葦鬱蔥蔥,晶瑩白露爍光芒
心湖漣漪惟有她,悠然徜徉水岸鄉
逆流而上相跟從,奈何途麯徑如腸
順流而下互追隨,了卻沙洲寂寞傷
【譯文二】
蒼蒼的蘆葦啊，
你那白露已凝結成美麗的晨霜；
我那傾心的人啊，
似就搖曳在那秋水茫茫的遠方。
我要逆水而上哦，
但道路艱難、路途漫長！
我要順水而下哦，
她仿佛在那茫茫水域的中央！
萋萋的蘆葦啊，
你那白露已映襯着東方的霞光；
我那傾心的人啊，
似就依偎在那水草相連的岸旁。
我要逆水而上哦，
但道路艱難、崎嶇山岡！
我要順水而下哦，
她仿佛就在那水中的孤石上。
采采的蘆葦啊，
你那白露已輝映着朝日的光芒；
我那傾心的人啊，
似就輕吟在那絢麗水濱的岸鄉。
我要逆水而上哦，
但道路艱難、麯折如腸！
我要順水而下哦，
她仿佛就在那水中的沙洲上……
【賞析】
《蒹葭》屬於秦風。周孝王時，秦之先祖非子受封於秦𠔌(今甘肅天水)。平王東遷時，秦襄公因出兵護送有功，又得到了岐山以西的大片封地。後來秦逐漸東徙，都於雍(今陝西興平)。秦地包括現在陝西關中到甘肅東南部一帶。秦風共十篇，大都是東周時代這個區域的民歌。
對這首懷人詩，歷來解說不一。有人認為作者在思念戀人，詩的主旨是寫愛情；有人說是詩人藉懷友諷刺秦襄公不能禮賢下士，致使賢士隱居、不肯出來做官；也有人說作者就是隱士，此詩乃明志之作。我們細味詩意，詩中並未明確顯示男女戀情，況且“伊人”是男是女也難判定。說它是諷刺詩則更無根據。因此，我們衹把“伊人”視為作者所敬仰和熱愛的人，至於是男是女，且不論及。
“蒹葭蒼蒼，白露為霜”兩句，從物象與色澤上點明了時間和環境。那生長在河邊的茂密蘆葦，顔色蒼青，那晶瑩透亮的露水珠已凝結成白刷刷的濃霜，那微微的秋風送着襲人的涼意，那茫茫的秋水泛起浸人的寒氣。在這一蒼涼幽緲的深秋清晨的特定時空裏，詩人時而靜立，時而徘徊，時而翹首眺望，時而蹙眉沉思。他那神情焦灼、心緒不寧的情狀，不時地顯現於我們眼前，原來他是在思慕追尋着一個友人。“所謂伊人，在水一方”兩句，交代了詩人所追慕的對象及伊人所在的地點，表現了詩人思見心切，望穿秋水，一個勁地張望、尋求。“伊人”，指與詩人關係親密、為詩人崇敬和熱愛而未曾須臾忘懷的人。“所謂”二字，表明“伊人”是常常被提及，不斷念叨着的，然而現在他卻在漫漫大河的另一方。“在水一方”，語氣肯定，說明詩人確信他的存在，並充滿信心去追求，衹是河水隔絶，相會不易。“溯洄從之，道阻且長；溯遊從之，宛在水中央。”沿着河邊小道嚮上遊走去，道路艱險，且又漫長，即使花費很長時間也難到達；如果徑直遊渡過去，儘管相距不遠，但眼前秋水茫茫，思之可及，行之不易，仿佛看到了伊人的身影在水中央晃動。詩人儘管立於河邊，但他那恍惚迷離的心神早已飛動起來，思見伊人而不得的如醉如癡的形象栩栩可見。詩句之奇妙，正如方玉潤所說：“玩其詞，雖若可望不可即。味其意，實求之而不遠，思之而即至者。”(《詩經原始》)
詩的二、三章衹換了幾個詞兒，內容與首章基本相同。但它體現了詩歌詠唱的音樂特點，增強了韻律的悠揚和諧美，使表達的情感愈來愈強烈。首章的“蒼蒼”，次章的“凄凄”，末章的“采采”，寫出蘆葦的顔色由蒼青至凄青到泛白，把深秋凄涼的氣氛渲染得越來越濃，烘托出詩人當時所在的環境十分清冷，心境十分寂寞。白露“為霜”、“未晞”、“未已”的變換，描繪出朝露成霜而又融為秋水的漸變情狀與過程，形象地畫出了時間發展的軌跡，說明詩人天剛放亮就來到河濱，直呆到太陽東升。試想，他獨自一人久久徘徊在清冷索寞的曠野，面對茫茫秋水，等人不見，尋人不着，其心情該是何等焦急和惆悵!描寫伊人所在地點時，由於“方”、“湄”、“涘”三字的變換，就把伊人在彼岸等待詩人和詩人盼望與伊人相會的活動與心理形象而真切地描繪了出來，這樣寫，大大拓寬了詩的意境。另外，像“長”、“躋”、“右”和“央”、“坻”、“沚”的變換，也都從不同的道路和方位上描述了他尋見伊人睏難重重，想見友人心情急切的情景。若把三章詩所用幾組變換的詞語聯繫起來加以品味，更能體會到詩的雋永淳厚的意味。
詩的每章開頭都采用了賦中見興的筆法。通過對眼前真景的描寫與贊嘆，繪畫出一個空靈縹緲的意境，籠罩全篇。詩人抓住秋色獨有的特徵，不惜用濃墨重彩反復進行描繪、渲染深秋空寂悲涼的氛圍，以抒寫詩人悵然若失而又熱烈企慕友人的心境。正如《人間詞話》所說：“《詩·蒹葭》一篇，最得風人深緻。”具有“以我觀物，故物皆著我之色彩”和“其言情也必沁人心脾；其寫景也必豁人耳目；其辭脫口而出，無矯揉妝束之態。”
這首被人傳誦不已的詩，對後世的影響也是明顯的。且看宋玉《九辯》中的一段描寫：“悲哉秋之為氣也!蕭瑟兮草木搖落而變衰；憭慄兮若在遠行；登山臨水兮送將歸；泬寥兮天高而氣清；寂兮收潦而水清；憯凄增欷兮薄寒之中人。”這裏通過對秋天的氣象和草木搖落的情狀的描寫，製造一種肅殺的氣氛，表達了詩人悲涼凄苦的心情。這也許是受了《蒹葭》詩的影響，由此可以窺見《楚辭》對《詩經》的繼承和發展綫索。《古詩十九首》中《西北有高樓》的發端，賦中見興、以景托情的寫法，也沿用了《蒹葭》詩的筆法。其後的曹丕，從本詩中化出了“秋風蕭瑟天氣涼，草木搖落露為霜”的詩句。由此可見，《蒹葭》詩在古代詩歌史上有着很重要的地位。
(周魯，選自《中華文學鑒賞寶庫》，陝西人民教育出版社1995年版)
終南何有？有紀有堂。君子至止，黻衣綉裳。佩玉將將，壽考不忘！
There are white firs and plum trees.
Our prince has arrived at it,
Wearing an embroidered robe over his fox-fur,
And with his countenance rouged as with vermilion.
May he prove a ruler indeed!
What are there on Zhongnan?
There are nooks and open glades.
Our prince has arrived at it,
With the symbol of distinction embroidered on his lower garment,
And the gems at his girdle emitting their thinking.
May long life and an endless name be his?
黄鸟臨其穴，惴惴其慄。彼蒼者天，殲我良人！如可贖兮，人百其身！
交交黃鳥，止於桑。誰從穆公？子車仲行。維此仲行，百夫之防。
臨其穴，惴惴其慄。彼蒼者天，殲我良人！如可贖兮，人百其身！
交交黃鳥，止於楚。誰從穆公？子車針虎。維此針虎，百夫之禦。
臨其穴，惴惴其慄。彼蒼者天，殲我良人！如可贖兮，人百其身！
And rest upon the jujube trees.
Who followed duke Mu [to the grave]?
Ziche Yansi.
And this Yansi,
Was a man above a hundred.
When he came to the grave,
He looked terrified and trembled.
Thou azure Heaven there!
Thou art destroying our good men.
Could he have been redeemed,
We should have given a hundred lives for him.
They flit about, the yellow birds,
And rest upon the mulberry trees.
Who followed duke Mu [to the grave]?
Ziche Zhongheng.
And this Zhongheng,
Was a match for a hundred.
When he came to the grave,
He looked terrified and trembled.
Thou azure Heaven there!
Thou art destroying our good men.
Could he have been redeemed,
We should have given a hundred lives for him.
They flit about, the yellow birds,
And rest upon the thorn trees.
Who followed duke Mu [to the grave]?
Ziche Qianhu.
And this Ziche Qianhu,
Could withstand a hundred men.
When he came to the grave,
He looked terrified and trembled.
Thou azure Heaven there!
Thou art destroying our good men.
Could he have been redeemed,
We should have given a hundred lives for him.
山有苞櫟，隰有六駮。未見君子，憂心靡樂。如何如何，忘我實多！
山有苞棣，隰有樹檖。未見君子，憂心如醉。如何如何，忘我實多！
To the thick-wooded forest in the north.
While I do not see my husband,
My heart cannot forget its grief.
How is it, how is it,
That he forgets me so very much?
On the mountain are the bushy oaks;
In the low wet grounds are six elms.
While I do not see my husband,
My sad heart has no joy.
How is it, how is it,
That he forgets me so very much?
On the mountain are the bushy sparrow-plums;
In the low wet grounds are the high, wild pear trees.
While I do not see my husband,
My heart is as if intoxicated with grief.
How is it, how is it,
That he forgets me so very much?
豈曰無衣？與子同澤。王於興師，修我矛戟。與子偕作！
豈曰無衣？與子同裳。王於興師，修我甲兵。與子偕行！
I will share my long robes with you.
The king is raising his forces;
I will prepare my lance and spear,
And will be your comrade.
How shall it be said that you have no clothes?
I will share my under clothes with you.
The king is raising his forces;
I will prepare my spear and lance,
And will take the field with you.
How shall it be said that you have no clothes?
I will share my lower garments with you.
The king is raising his forces;
I will prepare my buffcoat and sharp weapons,
And will march along with you.
我送舅氏，悠悠我思。何以贈之？瓊瑰玉佩。
To the north of the Wei,
What did I present to him?
Four bay horses for his carriage of state.
I escorted my mother's nephew,
Long, long did I think of him.
What did I present to him?
A precious jasper, and gems for his girdle-pendant.
於我乎，每食四簋，今也每食不飽。於嗟乎，不承權輿！
But now at every meal there is nothing left.
Alas that he could not continue as he began!
He assigned us at every meal four dishes of grain;
But now at every meal we do not get our fill.
Alas that he could not continue as he began!