乌夜啼Machine brocade Qinchuan female, Bristol yarn smoke Gechuang language.
Recalling shuttle stop away a sense of loss people, places solitary room alone tears like rain.
【Review】 传说李白在天宝初年到长安，贺知章读了他的《乌栖曲》、《乌夜啼》等诗后，大为叹赏，说他是“天上谪仙人也”，于是在唐玄宗面前推荐了他。《乌夜啼》为乐府旧题，内容多写男女离别相思之苦，李白这首的主题也与前代所作相类，但言简意深，别出新意，遂为名篇。
“黄云城边乌欲栖，归飞哑哑枝上啼”，起首两句绘出一幅秋林晚鸦图，夕曛暗淡，返照城闉，成群的乌鸦从天际飞回，盘旋着，哑哑地啼叫。“乌欲栖”，正是将栖未栖，叫声最喧嚣、最烦乱之时，无所忧愁的人听了，也会感物应心，不免惆怅，更何况是心绪愁烦的离人思妇呢？在这黄昏时候，乌鸦尚知要回巢，而远在天涯的征夫，到什么时候才能归来呵？起首两句，描绘了环境，渲染了气氛，在有声有色的自然景物中蕴含着的愁绪牵引了读者。
“机中织锦秦川女，碧纱如烟隔窗语”，这织锦的秦川女，固可指为苻秦时窦滔妻苏蕙，更可看作唐时关中一带征夫远戍的思妇。诗人对秦川女的容貌服饰，不作任何具体的描写，只让你站在她的闺房之外，在暮色迷茫中，透过烟雾般的碧纱窗，依稀看到她伶俜的身影，听到她低微的语音。这样的艺术处理，确是匠心独运。因为在本诗中要让读者具体感受的，并不是这女子的外貌，而是她的内心，她的思想感情。
“停梭怅然忆远人，独宿空房泪如雨！”这个深锁闺中的女子，她的一颗心牢牢地系在远方的丈夫身上，“我心匪石，不可转也”，“我心匪席，不可卷也”，悲愁郁结，无从排解。追忆昔日的恩爱，感念此时的孤独，种种的思绪涌上心来，怎不泪如雨呢？这如雨的泪也沉重地滴到诗人的心上，促使你去想一想造成她不幸的原因。到这里，诗人也就达到他预期的艺术效果了。
五、六两句，有几种异文。如敦煌唐写本作“停梭问人忆故夫，独宿空床泪如雨”。《才调集》卷六注：“一作‘停梭向人问故夫，知在流沙泪如雨’”等，可能都出于李白的原稿，几种异文与通行本相比，有两点不同：一是“隔窗语”不是自言自语，而是与窗外人对话；二是征夫的去向，明确在边地的流沙。仔细吟味，通行本优于各种异文，没有“窗外人”更显秦川女的孤独寂寞；远人去向不具写，更增相忆的悲苦。可见在本诗的修改上，李白是经过推敲的。沈德潜评这首诗说：“蕴含深远，不须语言之烦。”（《唐诗别裁》）说得言简意赅。短短六句诗，起手写情，布景出人，景里含情；中间两句，人物有确定的环境、身分和身世，而且绘影绘声，想见其人；最后点明主题，却又包含着许多意内而言外之音。诗人不仅不替她和盘托出，作长篇的哭诉，而且还为了增强诗的概括力量，放弃了看似具体实是平庸的有局限性的写法，从上述几种异文的对比中，便可明白这点。
（徐永年）
Cai Zhou city public desperate, starry night Lazhao trench water demon.
Han will fly home the next day, the horse Reservation wave wide open.
Teng Wang collapse thief only flag worship, there is shock if stung group Jubilee.
Threshold car mad child Mianfu Teng, Bai Yao Jiao Jie book down.
Messire calm to Zhen Fu, Attendants Jiaoying negative text crossbow.
Four return business Lvli free, children Tiaoliang athletes dance.
Two
Chen Ming WoWo Runan chicken, city head Gujiao sound peace.
Recalling Past roadside old things, phase and appreciate all Tiling.
Closed pre weeping elderly speech, government troops into the city people do not know.
Suddenly surprise element and 32 years of heavy commitment usually see Tempo.
Three
Nine Qu traveling muddy muddy stream, envoy to offer Huaixi prisoners.
Shii dagger chopsticks after hearing loss, the Son of Heaven He ascended by the House.
Demon child pull out with less than the number of bloodstained soil west of glass.
Nan Feng fire-Zuse busy, Night Mu Ling does not lock shut.
Thai policy-hoon Libi world, warriors Anjian see Hengshan.
【Notes】 【狂童】妖星，皆吴元济
【面缚】双手反缚于后
【槛车】囚笼车
【四人】士、农、工、商四民
【擢发不足数】擢，拔。言罪太多
【看恒山】时恒山叛乱未灭
Spring in Jiangnan where good, so the Official Road Flying Swallow.
Spring City three hundred and seventy Bridge, Gaan Zhulou every wicker.
Girl children painted finishes paddle, long sleeve of a robe girl hairpin Cuiqiao.
Jun Zhai North Xuan paper Romley, Bristol pool winding around the paintings Court.
Pool bamboo peach flowers, flower shop next dance feast Choi Ha.
Wu Craftiness baby full intelligence language, the more inclined crown towel off with wine.
Jie Yan sit in the White Prefecture, and live up to the wine scene.
Jiuhan fold 笺 runaway rhyme, has passed in the human population.
Reported that white-jun, Song Qiu Yun Wang Acacia empty.
The Chennai Qiantang Su Xiaoxiao, Yijun tears off her feet.
Who recruited this heartbroken soul, the kind of flowers Jichou must be cold.
Han Xiang voxel For Fashion, Symplocos is the plum brother brother.
So as to be spent sitting on the mad, cross the river to go out a smile.
Xinyang little break Xueshuang, spring will return to the former material.
God begging me man-days, sunny, mid-year flexor will jia.
Unlike came from a good old pregnant, still follow through on the flower in silence.
Fleeting, such as emergency sit Xu, sigh Floating Life horse had gaps.
Meet with the flowers bear a negative phase, washing bottles in a drunk Bi Cup.
Sparse canopy tour up cable laugh, no love in the side drains clear.
Jun Hou willing to spend spit sentence, musk Health clouds floating down the media.
Xie Mo flowers open deep asked, things have ups and downs to pay destiny.
Wen Road Longtou Tengen cold, so do not come far and relay information.
Poor peach low character, who like Yuji Mongolia stripe clothing.
To take a phrase only that, but please no grounded health document.
洁白天然贞女操，清癯独立古人风。
绝态乍辞天上书，清香更占世间新。
烟愁月恨迎加腊，日暖风迟俗却春。
且对流年觅新意，横斜疏影句皆陈。
Not a big wind momentum, difficult to open small pieces of jade spirit.
Slanting bucket of ice on river shadow, powder makeup mirror into Dan Dan Chun.
With young children directly to the east, the snow into the dust by not sentimental.
No position frozen condensate of all things rock, ponds Jia Wei ink off.
Who is here to support or oppose, breaking with Quiet plum calyx.
Yaoshan who Hentian for worry, Dan Mei Feng half out to make out.
Not because of the wind from the Hong fragrance, jade color with high non-fighting snow.
Bamboo Fence Ningdi a bleak, sand two out of fresh clean water clarification.
Angel from the Moon Palace disgrace, unless _set_ with Guie new.
Their independence is still looking widow pity, sentimental and dated according to the evening.
Never-resistant human coldest month term of the north wind stone cracking.
Man labor powder makeup mirror school late, like ice-skin painting Clumsy writing.
No one know cold of winter, through the ages, seems unique to Canton fair to iron.
I took Italian for Egypt brush the dust, were transmitted to the city yet fear Que.
Poetry into the warm night, the fire hall deep, fine hearth and Shanseng said.
前驱飞雪助幽绝，千里隔尽埃与尘。
何心百卉擅独秀，寒入万物无精神。
绰约肌肤莹香玉，借与东皇立花国。
开破天地发生心，引出世问凡草木。
品流不数广寒宫，为嫌月姊长孀独。
波上轻云掌上身，有来比肩皆尘俗。
须知尤物到绝言，从昔华词吟不足。
溪回路转一枝斜，可惜天寒倚修竹。
穷涂游子岁华晚，肠断夜投山馆宿。
古今幽怨不尽情，更入凄凉笛中曲。
荒山偶赋梅花诗，伫立花前香在衣。
伤心不忍别红紫，付与晓风零乱飞。
Recalling Past roadside old things, phase and are grateful to tears.
Tears of the elderly before the closing speech: "government troops entered the city people do not know.
Shock element and the second _set_ suddenly, see Tempo bearing weight normally. "
【Review】 元和十二年（817），唐王朝在宰相裴度的主持下，由李愬率军雪夜袭破蔡州，活捉了割据抗命的淮西藩帅吴元济。刘禹锡满怀激情地写作此诗，热烈赞颂这一重大胜利。
蔡州，天宝时为汝南郡。首句用“汝南”而不用“蔡州”，正好化用古乐府《鸡鸣歌》成句：“东方欲明星烂烂，汝南晨鸡登坛唤”，句中“汝南”两字仿佛专为此诗而设，信手拈来，可谓一巧；平蔡之役原是雪夜奇袭，正好至翌日晨鸡啼鸣而奏功，二巧；雄鸡一唱天下白，隐含官军克复蔡州城、人民重见天日之意，首句因而具备兴句的性质，三巧。细绎诗意，其地、其时、其事无一不巧，可谓巧合无垠，深切乐府神理而又全不着痕迹。次句“城头鼓角”四字说到了平蔡州的战事。这次战役是奇袭，判军猝不及防，在睡梦中就被解除了武装，敌我双方没有经过激烈的厮杀，而李愬又极富于指挥才能，城破以后号令严明，一无所犯，所以连善悲的鼓角声听起来也觉得十分“和平”了。开头两句用常语写奇袭，而务于字外着力，看似平易，其实笔运千钧，而又能举重若轻，不同凡响。淮西藩帅判乱达三十多年之久，唐王朝发动多次征讨，都以损兵折将告终。李愬出敌不意，攻其不备，一举平蔡。按照常情，“攻城以战，杀人盈城”，平蔡之战，却几乎是兵不血刃，简直是个奇迹。刘禹锡不去正面描写奇袭的险艰，也不去正面描写李愬的智勇，而是竭力渲染蔡州凌晨雄鸡报晓、鼓角不悲的和平气氛。这样写，把神奇包含在平凡之中，不着“奇”字而奇迹愈显，取径之曲，全在借端托寓。《艺概·诗概》所谓“本面不写写对面、旁面，须如睹影知竿乃妙”，这两句适足以当之。
接下来两句用速写手法，表现人民对于平叛事业的拥护。说“道旁”而不说“道中”，是暗示读者，“道中”正有大队官军在行进。“忆旧事”实际上是一种对比。蔡州老人看到路上一队队雄赳赳的官军，引起了深沉的回忆。他见过天宝盛世，享受过国家统一的太平，也经历过安史之乱后，蔡州沦为叛军巢穴的痛苦。“忆旧事”，到“皆涕零”，深刻揭示了人民对于国家统一的热烈向往，和平蔡之役的重大意义。
诗的后四句叙老人语，“官军入城人不知”一句与开头两句相关合，盛赞李愬用兵如神。最后两句为喜极之语。从天宝末到元和十二载，已有六十多年之久，历史即将翻过这黑暗的一页，老人于迟暮之年而出乎意外地睹此快事，顿觉无比欣慰、满眼光明，对国家的中兴充满着希望。至此，全诗主旨顺势托出，一笔作颂，一笔作收，流吐毫不费力，而不尽之意，仍在篇外。诗中特别标明“元和十二载”，是出于诗人精心安排，他要用史笔将这一重大事件著之竹帛，流传千古。
这诗写得通俗易懂、流走飞动，而又不失之浅近。既平易流畅而又精炼，显示出诗人高度的艺术才能。清人翁方纲说，刘禹锡此诗“以《竹枝》歌谣之调而造老杜诗史之地位”（《石洲诗话》卷二），一语道出了它的艺术价值。
（吴汝煜）
墨梅Meet Murdoch did not know, never summer Fu Jade carving people.
墨梅Do not people boast a good color, leaving only the clear air over heaven and earth.
【Notes】 [1]颜色：指水墨画梅花的淡淡的墨色。
[2]清气：清香的气味。
【Review】 他出身于浙江诸暨一贫苦农民家庭，但从小就好学如痴，读书不倦。据《明史》记载，因家里无钱供他读书，父亲只好让他去放扑克。他白天放扑克，晚上到附近庙里，坐在菩萨的膝上，自己跑到私塾里去听教师讲解和村童读书。有一次，他听课入了迷，到黄错时候，才想起放牧着的扑克，结果扑克不见了，回家被他父亲责打了一顿。他的好学精神感动了当时会稽一个读书人韩性，韩收他为学生，教他读书、画画。王冕青年时期曾一度热衷于功名，但考进士屡试不中，于是他满怀愤郁，烧毁了文章，永绝仁途，流浪江湖。他章到过杭州、金陵，又渡长江，过淮河，经徐州、济南到北京，达居庸关。数千里的远游，使他扩大了视野，开宽了胸怀，同时对社会现实和统治阶级也有了较清楚的认识。由于他的诗画不同凡俗，画誉越来越大，在北京期间，士大夫都争走馆下，求他画画，一时缣素山积，他常援笔立挥而就。据载，他不满于达官人向他求画，便画了一幅梅花悬在墙壁上，并题诗道“冰花个个贺如玉，羌吹它不下来。”表示不愿给他们作画。因他对统治者予以无情的讽刺，被认为是反对无朝，险些入狱。后来，他被迫埋名隐居到家乡的九里山，白天种植豆棋粟、灌园养鱼，晚上读书、作诗画，过着清贫生活。他在屋的周围种了千株梅树，几百棵桃杏，题为“梅花屋”。王冕的生活经历对他的诗画影响很深，贫苦朴实的山村生活又赋予他的诗画以浓厚的生活气息。
王冕以画梅著称，尤工墨梅。他画的梅简练洒脱，别具—格。其《墨梅图卷》画横向折枝墨梅，笔意简逸，枝干挺秀，穿插得势，构图清新悦目。用墨浓淡相宜，花朵的盛开、渐开、含苞都显得清润洒脱，生气盎然。其笔力挺劲，勾花创独特的顿挫方法，虽不设色，却能把梅花含笑盈枝，生动地刻划出来。不仅表现了梅花的天然神韵，而且寄寓了画家那种高标孤洁的思想感情。加上作者那首脍炙人口的七言题画诗，诗情画意交相辉映，使这幅画成为不朽的传世名作。
为问王孙归也未？玉梅开到北枝花。
王元章倒枝画梅从来万事嫌高格，莫怪梅花着地垂。
题唐解元小景
题唐解元小景The spring to find south bridge, travels to clubs with monthly return.
Chad throughput spend clouds, pine rock slide show of fight each other.
Yun Yi Chan couch busy in the lead, You Love Park Fei Broken line.
Hornsey looked boundless sea, our home mountain side a good title.
天门划然开，并峙雄千古。
梁山岩壑幽，突兀若廊庑。
穿云一迳遥，林薄霭春煦。
峰腰棠棣繁, 睠侧朱樱妩。
芬菲表杂花，采撷欣俦伍。
睝*9殿阁悬，飞梯袅相拄。
登临力屡疲，啸傲气还鼓。
乘风凌绝巅，浩荡江天府。
博望咫尺间，岚影晴吞吐。
题诗忆谪仙，斯人邈难睹。
日暮 *3 忘归，渔歌发烟浦。
【Notes】 棠棣：棠 ，乔木名，有赤白二种，白棠，即甘棠，亦叫堂梨。
棣，木名。亦称常棣、唐棣。
朱樱： 落叶乔木，即樱花树，呈淡红色，供观赏。
睝*9 ：高峻突兀貌。
博望 ：即博望山，亦称东梁山。
Jingtao waves if ponley, Mo Yan Liu Ting spent Juji.
Xiao-Ming Wang from the window of desert tent, snow palm of the hand after another down.
March turned as the twelfth lunar month, the emergency solution for spring clothing fox raccoon.
Vast wave clouds flying, Village bleak shut Chaifei.
Crescent River Oulu pavilion _set_ in the Water Temple House fireworks thin.
Quarrying of the mountain to make a long loose, circling above-board thousands of Qiu Long.
Zhi Ke Dai Yunqing and white, natural picture repeat itself works.
Here the origin of the Spirit Cave Road, Yixing board Mang beyond.
However rhino water believers according to Fu, the founding hero is also mortal.
Should only evoke the immortal disgrace, wine Jiang Tian moonlight.
【Notes】 水府祠：指采石山东南麓的中元水府祠，原名定江神祠，祀水神。三国赤乌年间建，又名水府庙。
Cliffs like caving, Qiu pine trees strange wind whiz.
Sound of mountains hearted at Fisherman Qiaozi Fun travel.
Micro-short and art is a picture of palpable wall disappointed * 4 Ling Cangzhou.
Hand painted tilt kings since ancient times, the works that Bourne constant worry.
Every resort has sway, vigor vertical wall space left. Alas!
Vimalakirti not be authentic, through springs crane without color.
Today the number who painted wall? Jiuzi Xiao strange old man says.
For cattle the previous month to sail, a look CASTLE open mind.
Bo Yi disk solutions to gas, wind and thunder mortal Teng walls.
Ching Lin Touring draw at the Millennium soul should come and go.
Kuang Tai clouds Song, Hua Yue Sanfeng points autumn tree.
I do not know the number of small dim view, one by one generation out mm prime.
Fit streams varia deep water meandering Zhou Zhu Ye Lu.
Bridge by bad Ishidan Deserted company, the number of mutual back Mang Luan Lin.
The total cross painted chaos wiping the spirit of the Mountain Bo not anger.
I have heard Huayuan origin, Song Dong Ju character respect.
Later, big buff and Huang, the spirit of detachment with the Dharma.
Marceau also involved pen Feitu Seoul, Huang said the younger brother of the king as in Queensland.
This painting of this building and the immortal, wrecked enough surplus water made by Xi.
I give painting the old house full of boxes, reels and more degeneration years.
Speak with the celebrities each painting, Noir think Ruby is a loss.
Seeing this heart is also filled, and the mountains, said ring special unusual.
And the state quickly without scissors Autumn, I hope to stay on the 10th of its waterfront sit eat or sleep.
【Notes】 维摩真迹：指东晋大画家顾恺之在金陵瓦官寺所绘的著名壁画《维摩诘居士像》。
鸠兹萧叟：指芜湖画家萧尺木。
董巨：指五代宋初画家董源和巨然。
黄王：指元代山水画家黄公望和王蒙。
落梅
落梅林下积来全是雪，岭头飞去半为云。
不须横管吹江郭，最惜空枝冷夕曛。
回首孤山山下路，霜禽粉蝶任纷纷。
好了歌古今将相在何方？荒冢一堆草没了。
世人都晓神仙好，只有金银忘不了！
终朝只恨聚无多，及到多时眼闭了。
世人都晓神仙好，只有姣妻忘不了！
君生日日说恩情，君死又随人去了。
世人都晓神仙好，只有儿孙忘不了！
痴心父母古来多，孝顺子孙谁见了？
【Notes】 甄士隐家破人亡，暮年贫病交迫，光景难熬。一日上街散心，遇一跛足疯道人口念此歌，士隐听了问道：“你满口说些什么？只听见些‘好’、‘了’、‘好’、‘了’。”那道人笑道：“你若果听见‘好’、‘了’二字，还算你明白。可知世上万般，好便是了，了便是好。若不了，便不好；若要好，须是了。我这歌儿便名《好了歌》。”
1.冢——坟墓。
2.姣——容貌美好。
【Review】 褴褛如同乞丐的跛足疯道人所唱的歌，自然一点点文绉绉的语言都不能用，它只能是最通俗、最浅显，任何平民百姓、妇女儿童都能一听就懂的话，而歌又要对人世间普遍存在的种种愿望与现实的矛盾现象作概括，还要包含某种深刻的人生和宗教哲理，这样的歌实在是最难写的。后四十回续书中也摹拟了几首民谣俚曲，一比较，就发现根本不可与此同日而语。这也见出多才多艺的曹雪芹在摹写多种复杂生活现象上的绝大本领是难以超越的。关于此歌所反映的思想，请参见下一首《好了歌注》的赏析。
（蔡义江）
惟此夏德德恢台。两龙在御炎精来。
二
火景方中南讹秩。靡草云黄含桃实。
三
族云蓊郁温风扇。兴雨祁祁黍苗徧。
楼中日日歌声好，不问从初学阿谁。
【Notes】 〔1〕宫娥：宫女。
〔2〕阿谁：南方方言，意同“哪一个”。
【Review】 这是表现宫中一个年老乐师内心的伤悲。她教遍了宫中所有女子，也教唱遍了所有的宫词 。自己的年华也就在这过程中消逝了。面对正处得意之时年轻宫女，她不由感叹万端。结尾这一联的发问，既是对宫中乐师的同情，同时，也慨括了人世间师生之间的关系，表达一种为他人作嫁衣者的内心痛苦。这一主题则超出诗歌题材的范围。