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古风
Li Bai
古风
古风
  Daya long-suppressed for, I actually who declined Chen. The king appointed Creeping, Warring States more Jingzhen.
  Fresh taste dragon and the tiger, Bing Ge Qin arrest crazy. Ho Wei Mang is sound, plaintive Literary Men.
  Yang Ma shock wave decadent, open wandering boundless. Fei Xing Although changing, the Charter has been occupied by the enemy.
  Since Jian years, less than beautiful Jane. Sundae recovery of ancient, Islamic hanging your clothes.
  Group is closed until tomorrow, by operation of jump scales. Wen Chih Bing-Hwan phase, stars Luoqiu Min.
  I deleted the above aim at, vertical showcase Chiharu. XiSheng if established, must document in the Huolin.
  Toad thin Taiqing, Yaotai loss this month. Circle of light losses in the sky, gold soul then occupied by the enemy did not.
  Di rainbow into Ziwei, large personal ends Zhaohui. Clouds across the two Yao, Fei Yin Vientiane faint.
  Xiao Xiao Nagato Palace, formerly a non-far completed. False flower beetles Gui, Wei Yan frost days.
  Yong-Xi Shen final sigh, a sense I tear Zhan Yi.
  Qinhuang under Heaven, Hu Shi Xiong Zai. Feijian must clouds, princes to do the West.
  Judicious self-revelation, Ontario riding group only. Withdraw troops cast Jin, Han Gu open due east.
  Ming-Ling Gong Kuaiji, distant view Langyatai. Prisoners 700 000, from the soil Lishan Okuma.
  Sance elixir, a loss to heart sad. Improving Connected Crossbows shoot fish, long whale is Cui Wei.
  Frontonasal as the saying, Yang Lei wave spray cloud. Dorsal bristles cover the blue sky, see how the Penglai.
  Qin Xu market contains female, floor, when ships return. See, however, three Izumishita, gold coffin cold gray.
  Feng Fei 9000 yards, five chapters prepared color Jane. Title of the book and return empty, empty into the week and Qin.
  Hengjue universal calendar, the home without neighbors. I camp Placenta, Thousand Years down Aeolian.
  Drug secret Hai Yue, Qing Xi Bin lead mining. Mountain building when the board, their hands really hope cents.
  Yu drive off to the movies, drag racing must back wheel. Dan is still fear of liquid later, less voluntary application.
  Made only cream in the mirror, shame he crane Master. Where peach and plum opening, the flowers not my spring.
  Environment should be clear are the only long and pro-Korean congregation.
  Taibai what the green stars on the forest out. To day 300, the Miao and the world must Seoul.
  Have green hair Weng, Pi Yun lying loose snow. Do not laugh nor language offerings habitat in the caves.
  I came to every real, Zhang Gui asked Po tactic. Beaming Kai Yu teeth, granted to said mixing drugs.
  Ming bone mass of their language choice between body has power off. Look not and, Cang V. However, the situation hot.
  Happiness of the camp cinnabar, John and other people in the world.
  On behalf of the horses do not think the more, the more love birds do not swallow. Feeling some practice, solid earth wind its course.
  Xi Do Yanmenguan, this Shu Long Pretrial. Panic disorder sand sea days, snow days, fans Hu.
  Nit lice tiger man and his health, heart and soul by Jing Zhan. Fighting hard power does not reward loyalty is difficult to declare.
  Li Fei, who will pity, not white, triangular.
  Dipsacus Northwest ago, Feifei Ling Taiqing. Immortal Lvyun on Road Safety on the name since.
  22 white children, Sheng Luan purple double blow. To shadow suddenly gone, return air delivery days sound.
  I would like a question of, and floated if the meteor. Ready meals golden grass, life and the days of Qi dumping.
  Xianyang 2 March, Liu Jin-Zhi Huang Temple. Green conical cap someone's son, selling beads thin child.
  Sunset drink go, pride and Chi White Horse. Yang emotional person, the rule of wandering in a timely manner.
  Sub-cloud knows all things, Xian Yang night speech. Fu has been up to the old body, if the wire coming from the grass Yuen.
  Good Investment House deplorable, but this generation laugh.
  Zhuang Zhou Meng Hu Die, Hu Die was disillusioned. One more shift, everything good comes first.
  I realized that Penglai water complex to clean and shallow stream. Green door tending to people, the old Tanglin Hou.
  Wealth so that, doing what the business requirements.
  Ti Tang Qi with students, Lu Lian special sublime. Moon out of the sea, and once the opening Yao.
  But Qinzhen Ying Sheng, Yang-end photo later. Italian light daughter gifts, Gu Xiangping original laugh.
  ; I Dan Dang man, Fu Yi be the same tune.
  Go Dongming Yellow River, White Sunset West Sea. River and streamer death, uncertain without treatment.
  Chun Yung-house I went, hair fall has declined to change. Life of non-Han Song, Qi Long years in appearance.
  I when the clouds by Chi, smoking scene in glory.
  Evergreen the lone straight, can not do anything Tao Li Yan. Visible Yan Ziling, fishing, T.-P. room.
  The body will guest star hidden, mind, and clouds busy. Changyiwancheng Jun, also owned by Fuchun Mountains.
  Sprinkle breeze Luhe, Miaoran can not climb. Made me a long sigh, deep habitat rocks.
  Kunpei both die, the world has abandoned Kunpei. View poorer too easily, exploration element of sentient beings.
  Lonely Road of decorated, air curtain closed times past. Zou Yu is true to, Yue Zhuo Ming times.
  Know that the days of the Han, the sun hanging Takana. Haike to have been a long time, who measured Shen Ming.
  Woo, Kwan, Rao sandy, desolate actually Zhong Gu. Kiochi Akigusa Huang, Wang Rong prisoner climb.
  Araki empty desert, side-eup exhaustive block. Cross bones 1000 cream, Saga cover Zhenmang.
  By asked who abuse, Tianjiao powerful drug. He anger I Sheng Huang, Lao Shi things Pigu.
  Yang and become murderous, hair Death Sao Turkey. 36 million people, mourn the passage of tears like rain.
  And grief on the line served, Andhra Camp Farm. Not see the battlefield children, turned out Guanshan bitter.
  Li Mu this is not, people close to feed jackal tiger.
  Yanzhao Yan Guo Kui, then build gold sets. Zhao Xin side to play, Zou Yan Fu Come.
  It is regrettable that Albatron disabilities, abandoned me as dust. Bead to buy songs to laugh, Zaokang keep talented people.
  We know the Yellow Crane move thousands of miles back to PEI alone.
  Sword double dragon, Hibiscus snow photo. Nothing left radio world, not mine Teng Chong.
  To do a gold box, flying from Shen loss phase. Hu has long been the wind off, so the potential of its front.
  Wu depth bottomless, Chu Shan Miao thousand. Male and female end are not separated and the sacred will be when every.
  Jinhua Mu Yang Er, but Zi Yan customer. I would like from the Tour, not to have white hair.
  I do not know busy child, choose and what other alternatives. Kunshan King Mining core, can be refined refined soul.
  Tianjin March, 1000 Peach and Lee. Heartbroken towards the flower, evening by the East water.
  After the water before the water complex, ancient and modern with freewheeling. New non-old people, middle bridge upstream.
  Sea cock color move, Ye Tai Lo princes. West on the sun falls, the other half Hui tower.
  Dress according to cloud day, down San Wong states. Pommel horse, such as dragon, gold contact Ma Tau.
  Pedestrians are the provision of easy ambition Wang Song Hill. Introduction to the Diocese, out wrong Zhen Xiu Ding.
  Hong Feng Zhao Citation dance, pigging with Qi Ou. 70 purple duck, both play quiet court.
  Competition piper day and night, from the degree of future generations made. Reclaim body off the ground, more fault in particular, since ancient times.
  Yellow-dog air, alas, role in today into Wuhan as enemies. Ru Owls Yi son, distribute Zhao boat.
  Xiyue Lotus Hill, the span of see stars. Su hand hibiscus, false step tread too pure.
  Colourful drag wide belt line Fimbristylis ascended to heaven. Asked me to board the head, high military's health Shuqing.
  Huang Huang contrast to, driving purple Ming Hung Ling. Overlooking Luoyang River, vast walk Hu Bing.
  Tu blood grass, wolves do crown Ying.
  Xi I swim Sarkozy, gordon not note peak. He Junxiu hereby Hill, Green Jade, such as hibiscus.
  Hsiao Sa ancient immortal, the knowledge is Akamatsu. Loan of a deer, since relying on the two Dragon.
  King Ling smiled back, pleased like phase from. Other relatives and friends weeping, swallow repeatedly hesitant.
  Xu Jun heart pine, hard frost protection. World Road more dangerous storm, day bully roots.
  Break up the miles, over and over again when it also. Complex when alive, prosperous and as Piaofeng degrees.
  Zijin by air smell, white unhappy with the first error. Fu has been overlooked since the smiling, pondering whom it.
  Fame and fortune only suffering, Andhra leisure Yubu. Red jade slipper finally left, East on Penglai Road.
  Qin Emperor, as I seek, but the smoke gray.
  Ying Yin-off snow, leaving blue sky flying ring. Song song in vain, Who the world pass.
  Test for the Palestinian people to sing, and thousands upon is. Sufferance Yongzheng, sad sigh empty.
  Do not water the first Qin Long, Youyan more Beisheng. Shuo Ma Hu Gu snow, Po CDs long scream.
  Sense of things moving in my mind and go situation with Burma course. Xi as the autumn moths fly, students today see the silkworms.
  Mulberry leaf curl, lush Yanagidare Wing. Xie water emergency section, restrain heart shake hanging banner.
  Command to aldicarb and complex, sad sad He Shiping.
  Liquid chromatography as white as jade, the next round in court green. I suddenly saw a line of winter and early age to promote grief.
  Life birds have a look, Hu is from the end. View Public 1 Ho Yu, Ushiyama continued with tears.
  Bitter things I do not know enough, have another look Lung Shu. People if the waves, the world road buckling.
  36000 days, every night when the candlelight.
  Yang cart dust, Ting Wu dark terraced rice paddies. In your multi-gold, open Jiazhai Lianyun.
  Road every cock fighting were, crowns He Hui He. Breath dry rainbow, pedestrians are Chuti.
  World No Ear Weng, Yao and plantar Who knows.
  Shidao pay funeral day, the wind scattered sun pouring source. Fang Gui does not adopt the anti-evil Mugen habitat.
  So, peach and plum trees, flowers Jingbu spit words. Xing Da Yun has not, group dynamic competition flying.
  Return Guangchengzi to the door into the infinite.
  Bihe Health and You Quan, Asahi Yan and fresh. Autumn flowers to take green water, close Ye Luoqing smoke.
  Xiuse air masterpiece, fragrant who actually pass. Forever & ever sit over and ends with this Hongfang years.
  Without the root node is willing to trust Chinese side of the pool.
  Hebei has Xiuse, Yee Yun-side floor. Looks brilliant moonlight, smile Allure Huan.
  Constant fear and fields are green night, sat weeping cold autumn wind. Real estate broker complained Yuqin, from early morning sigh.
  Then nothing is even gentlemen, Carpool Flying Luan.
  Rong Yan Ruofei electricity, when the King as Piaofeng. Grass-green cream has been white, western Japan on resumption of the East.
  Chinese temples intolerance autumn, however Sa Punta into decline. Since ancient times, Xian Sheng people, 11 who succeeded.
  Gentleman changed ape Crane, villains to the trouble. Not as wide as children, Riding on clouds hung light.
  Three quarters of sub-Warring States, Minao into a mess. Wang Feng He Yuan Nu, Shidao finally took divergent.
  Perfect Human Dongxuan like, holding Ling Zixia. For floating sea-Zhong Ni, Wu Zu of the quicksand.
  Sages were not occupied by the enemy, Hu A state of temporary differences is cheap.
  Hyeonpung change Swire, Road no Shihai funeral. Ye people hurrying quarter, cock trend four Guan.
  But knowledge, Kinmen and Matsu door, Who knows Penglai Hill. White's first death Luo Qi, laughing when no idle song.
  Green wine more than the Dan liquid, Green E withered makeup. Confucianist command gold cone, silver in the Celestial room.
  Gray three trees, deep head how can he climb.
  Cheng-off west into the customs, trekking not have. White Horse Huashan Jun, come across the valley.
  Left Ho Chi Bi Jun, next year, long dead ancestors. Qin said, with that, I carry on is to go.
  One to the Peach Blossom Spring, 1000 Spring separated flow.
  Mat Su Kim received gas, the West Sea on Lu string. Order No. Suganthawanit Xuan, a sense of things worry prodigiously.
  Auspicious actually sort of, Grand Canal has suddenly occupied by the enemy. Mening profile for health, long night without stars.
  Grieved not bear words, Lamentations catch Mingfa.
  North sea with an enormous fish, thousands of miles in length. Yang spray three mountain snow, cross rivers swallow water.
  Encroach with the sea, Dan He because of the wind. I watch Tian Fei, nine of not have.
  Yuxi, such as meteors, tiger meet special city. Noisy hue edge acute, birds of all night-ming.
  Yao Zi-wei day, Excellencies transport balance. Obtains a world, Dan Ran universally clear.
  This by asking what, Dayan Chuzheng Bing. Du Lu, and in May, will go to Yunnan sign.
  Cowardly pawn non-combatants, Yan Fang difficult to travel. Trombone Do strict parents, sun, moon and tragic light crystal.
  Do followed by weeping blood, destroyed two silent heart. Hedge when the Tigers, bait the poor whale Ben.
  1000 to mixed back, cast footer Qi all students. How to Dance dry Qi, a level so that seedlings.
  Ugly to effectively knit the brows, but also scared his neighbors home. Shou Ling lost the step, smiling killed in Handan.
  Striking a child, insect funeral naive. Mu monkey made of thorns, the spirit of three charges.
  One becomes useless, and distinctly and China itself. Big IELTS King Wen, Song Sound long collapse occupied by the enemy.
  Andhra Ying, the qualitative wave into axes.
  Bao Yu Chu income, see Doubting heard. Liang Po finally see the abandoned, the three offered in vain monarch.
  Naoki bogey before cutting, fanglan staged self-immolation. Filled days of the loss, Shen Ming Road to group.
  East China Sea Journal of clear water off the West by Ziyun. Lu Lian and History column, you can tread fresh fragrance.
  Chen Yan Xi weep, May fly akishimo. Shu F No. heaven, Chen Qi Tang wind blow.
  Have a sense of sincere, good luck for the grief. I actually sins, much body Mirage Pong.
  Purple door of an inner cloud cover, sun light back hard. Sand Pearl Group foul, public grass alone Fong Ling.
  Since ancient times, a total of Sighs, tears empty James Couture.
  Health and quiet solitary orchid garden, grass of Wuhu not public. Although according to Yang Chunhui, grieve for the high moon.
  Forever & ever early pattering, green fear Xiu Xie Yan. If there are no clear wind, aroma whom issued.
  Climb hope seas, the world is how long. Autumn frost was group thing, crosses large deserted and cold.
  Ronghua Dong, running water, all things are waves. We went to hui day cover, cloud-free set-side.
  Indus nest sparrow, mandarin duck habitat Luan Hovenia spine. And complex Returning Home, sword song difficulties in traveling.
  Phoenix hungry pecking millet, the water-only Langgan. How can he and the group of chickens, barbed Organisation dispute meal.
  Ming-Kun Qiu tree towards the evening drinking baffle turbulence. Go fly away by sea, frost days, cold beds alone.
  A Re Prince Jin, make Albatron side. Wynne without the newspaper, do not feel empty deep sigh.
  Yi Purple Alley towards the sea, Eve Prix Danxia Couture. Waved off if the timber, whisk the western sunlight.
  Travel clouds lying octupole, Yu Yan has thousands of cream. Fluttering into the non-Ni, Ji Shou Chi Uehata.
  You call me too prime, he'll give the wines. Long live the experience of a meal, what with still home.
  The winds never go outside the unbridled flying days.
  Shake-American dual eismowe, Ming Fei Cang flow. And the Sea should child sex, not at Yunhe 俦 Iraq.
  Send-shaped sand beds month, play along Fong Chun Chau. ; I wash heart who Forgetting travel from Seoul.
  Zhou Mu history and a glorious Italian, Chinese Emperor Wan Cheng respect. Yin Yue heart is not very, Xiong Hao An adequate theory.
  Queen Mother of the West Sea Feast, Kitamiya invited Lantern. Wen Yao left the water song, Yu Huai actually empty talk.
  Creeping into the spiritual track, only sad Thousand Years soul.
  Divergent luxuriantly green radish, wind around Evergreen branch. Vegetation has been asked, the cold of winter was not moving.
  It is regrettable that yao peach, take a sigh turnip Philippine poetry. Yu Yanyan Hong Choi, Yun-fat, non-prime wire.
  En gentleman had finished Jianqie to what.
  History and a glorious surprise Chi Biao, things to do litter. Cloud cover decadent Yang, Bo Zhen Dahe.
  Dragon de disregard Picnic, sway to Antoine. Over and over again by Baiju, empty mountains Wing Field Lophanthus rugosus.
  140 years, the National Yung Ho impressively. Faint Wufeng Lou, Mindanao Mindanao Cross Mikawa.
  Princes as Xingyue, guests such as clouds. Cockfighting gold palace, overnight leather ball Yaotai side.
  Move shake day, the command back to blue sky. When passers-Ho Xi suddenly, lost a long abandoned road tax.
  Unique executive Ji Yang, retreats grass Tai Xuan.
  Peach open the East Park, exaggerated smile day. Even Mongolia east wing, raw quality of this sun.
  Qi color no beautiful woman, but fear is not real flowers. Wanzhuan fire dragon fly, scattered loss of early phase.
  Nothing was known Nanshan Song, Xiao Se since independence.
  Qinhuang by the sword, He Wei Shen Zhen anger. Daily patrol the sea right, drive drive Cang Shi Jin.
  Death Space Nine Yu Zheng, injured people for the bridge. But to Punta Island drug, not at Sgnuon Hu spring.
  Power to make power without supports, Thousand Years as Sadness.
  Americans out of southern, Shining Lotus posture. White teeth are not made final, Hearts empty self-sustaining.
  Origin of the purple ladies were jealous Green Crescent. Go back Xiaoxiang isle, wondering what was going afraid of such grief.
  Taitung Wu Song, Savage was Yan Shi. Praise for the world treasure, but higher than that of Zhao Wangbi.
  Zhao Bi no Buddhists P, Yan Shi Zhen true non. Custornary many mistakes, turned out jade and Min.
  Chaotic days after Yin Chi, Chu Huai also faint. Man Yi Yang Nakano, Lu Ying desires among high doors.
  Bi Gan remonstrance died, Qu Ping Xiang channeling source. Tiger's mouth what Euphemistic, F Xu empty moon.
  Peng Xian no longer occupied by the enemy, and who agreed on this.
  Turbulent flow frightened youth, Zhu snapback thin. Could not bear to see the autumn Peng, flying what actually care.
  Light winds off cymbidium, white dew sprinkled Kwai Lophanthus rugosus. Beauty is not my period, on scattered vegetation.
  What have the Warring States Period, Bing Ge random clouds. Zhao Forest two tigers fight, Jin points for the six ministers.
  To steal digital traitor, to trees Zixiang group. Sure enough Tiancheng Zi, once killed Qijun.
  Forest sword high-profile, long spring project delivery. Cang Zhen cover layer of hills, hidden valleys Joan grass.
  Phoenix bird Sea, no treasure like to set wood. Yu Si was the home, the families of profit under Artemisia.
  Jin Feng date decadent, dead side weep.
  Joseph Tung Yin Qi bomb, get the Western Qin string sound. Yan generous soul moving, people become dissolute.
  He is the U.S. talent evil son Euphemistic to phase search. Smile double white jade, gold again song 1000.
  Jane is not your color Road, nothing was flying light Shen Xi. An awareness Zixia off, Yao Tai Ming Su-Qin.
  More customer adoption of pearl, guide and support the South corner. Kiyoteru month according to the sea, the U.S. price dumping Royal.
  Offer the prince is prince An Jian, Huai-Bao took a deep space. Fish Head Composite prevails, feeling, indeed by annoying Yu.
  Yu family of intrinsic million, small by big each. Zhou Zhou Yi He Gu, six quill cover does not command.
  Would like to rank public bird wing flying along the Yellow River. I fly by Mo Gu, sigh, will be normalized.
  I went to Wushan Example, Xun Gu Deng balcony. Sky clouds off, to much breeze to.
  Goddess to a long, expedition safety in the zai. Dissolute actually occupied by the enemy for, Qiao Mu only sad.
  Sorrowful weeping Road differences, mourn the passage of grief element wire. Road differences with North-South, plain silk variable shift.
  Everything is so solid, life is not on a regular basis. Tian Dou-phase tilting wins, guests mutual profit and loss.
  Multi-way tip over the world, dealings side Xian ravine. Doujiu strong promise, feeling, indeed the final self-doubt.
  Zhang Chen actually fire off, Xiao Zhu also sing from. Birds set Wing Ko, poor fish, keep dry pool.
  Sigh sigh customers lost power, asked what the ground rules.
Translated by Google
公无渡河
Li Bai
  West to the Yellow River must Kunlun, roaring Miles touch the goal. Monstrous waves, Yao Zi Jie.
  Yu Li rivers, children do not cry glimpse of home. Floods kill submerged turbulent, Kyushu before silkworm Ma.
  The harm is to go, a loss sand. The old man is mad and crazy hair,
  For Xiwei Archaeology morning. The only other people at his wife, hard to cross the river without crossing the public.
  Tiger can pump, the river hard by, the public flow of the sea drowning Mae fruit. If the white whale teeth with long snow-capped mountains,
  Public and the public almost hung almost Juan in the meantime, the harp is also the sad Jingbu.
Translated by Google
梁甫吟
Li Bai
梁甫吟
梁甫吟
梁甫吟
梁甫吟
梁甫吟
梁甫吟
梁甫吟
梁甫吟
梁甫吟
梁甫吟
梁甫吟
梁甫吟
梁甫吟
梁甫吟
梁甫吟
梁甫吟
  Shouts and Liang Fu Yin, when see the spring?
  Do not you see old man speech spine Chaoge Tu Jin, eighty Weibin West to fish!
  Zhao Ning shame gray water? Jinglun think every time breathing.
  Guang Zhang three thousand six hundred fishing, the wind of the dark and the King Wen pro.
  Except for Big Yin Yu Hu change, then just like ordinary people.
  Do not you see Gao Yang drinkers drafted, Zhang Yi, Shandong Long quasi-public!
  Cheng eloquent entry does not worship, and two women dropped out washing to becoming the wind.
  Under the City of East Seventy-Qi, command, such as spin Peng Chu and Han.
  Kuangke abjection is still the case, not to mention the strong man when the pack!
  I would like to see out the main Panlong, Thunder roar deafening bang the drum.
  Multi-cast pot near Lady Di, laughing opened three o'clock lightning.
  Prosperous and flashes from the dark underworld rain, gate of heaven nine incommensurable.
  To the amount of withholding customs Hunzhe anger, according to the day I did not sincere, no matter the country worry Qi dump days.
  Jia Jing molar gating human flesh, Zou Yu do not discount raw stem.
  Hand-carved tiger then flying monkey stroke, side hard enough to focus the original is not made.
  Volume wise fool can ho, the world see my light feather.
  Nanshan Power ranked the three heroes, slay the charges Qi two peaches.
  Meng Wu and Chu Nongbing no drama, Sayyaf Tai Seoul is in vain.
  Liang Fu Yin, Liang Fu Yin, sound is sad.
  Zhang Gong of two Dragon Sword and the sacred together sometimes.
  Tu flu situation will play catch, when the safety of adults and Ni bare hill.
Translated by Google

【Review】 《梁甫吟》是古代用作葬歌的一支民间曲调,音调悲切凄苦。古辞今已不传,宋郭茂倩《乐府诗集》收有诸葛亮所作一首,写春秋时齐相晏子“二桃杀三士”事,通过对死者的伤悼,谴责谗言害贤的阴谋。李白这首也有“力排南山三壮士,齐相杀之费二桃”之句,显然是袭用了诸葛亮那首的立意。诗大概写在李白“赐金放还”,刚离开长安之后。诗中抒写遭受挫折以后的痛苦和对理想的期待,气势奔放,感情炽热,是李白的代表作之一。

  开头两句:“长啸梁甫吟,何时见阳春?”“长啸”是比高歌更为凄厉激越的感情抒发。诗一上来就单刀直入,显示诗人此时心情极不平静,为全诗定下了感情的基调。宋玉《九辩》中有“恐溘死而不得见乎阳春”之句,故“见阳春”有从埋没中得到重用、从压抑中得以施展抱负的意思。以下诗句,全是由此生发。

  接着,连用两组“君不见”提出两个历史故事。一是说西周吕望(即姜太公)长期埋没民间,五十岁在棘津当小贩,七十岁在朝歌当屠夫,八十岁时还垂钓于渭水之滨,钓了十年(每天一钓,十年共三千六百钓),才得遇文王,遂展平生之志。一是说秦末的郦食其,刘邦原把他当作一个平常儒生,看不起他,但这位自称“高阳酒徒”的儒生,不仅凭雄辩使刘邦改变了态度,以后还说服齐王率七十二城降汉,成为楚汉相争中的风云人物。诗人引用这两个历史故事,实际上寄寓着自己的理想与抱负:“大贤虎变愚不测,当年颇似平常人”,“狂客落魄尚如此,何况壮士当群雄”。他不相信自己会长期沦落,毫无作为。诗人对前途有着坚定的信念,所以这里声调高亢昂扬,语言节奏也较爽利明快,中间虽曾换过一次韵,但都押平声韵,语气还是舒展平坦的。

  自“我欲攀龙见明主”句起,诗人一下子从乐观陷入了痛苦。加上改用了仄声韵,语气拗怒急促,更使人感到犹如一阵凄风急雨劈面打来。这一段写法上很象屈原的《离骚》,诗人使自己置身于惝恍迷离、奇幻多变的神话境界中,通过描写奇特的遭遇来反映对现实生活的感受。你看,他为了求见“明主”,依附着夭矫的飞龙来到天上。可是,凶恶的雷公擂起天鼓,用震耳欲聋的鼓声来恐吓他,他想求见的那位“明主”,也只顾同一班女宠作投壶的游戏。他们高兴得大笑时天上闪现出耀眼的电光,一时恼怒又使天地昏暗,风雨交加。尽管如此,诗人还是不顾一切以额叩关,冒死求见。不料竟触怒了守卫天门的阍者。在这段描写中,诗人的感情表现得那么强烈,就象浩荡江水从宽广的河床突然进入峡谷险滩一样,旋涡四起,奔腾湍急,不可抑止。诗人在天国的遭遇,实际上就是在现实生活中的遭遇,他借助于幻设的神话境界,尽情倾诉了胸中的忿懑与不平。

  自“白日不照吾精诚”以下十二句又另作一段,在这段中,诗人通过各种典故或明或暗地抒写了内心的忧虑和痛苦,并激烈地抨击了现实生活中的不合理现象:上皇不能体察我对国家的一片精诚,反说我是“杞人忧天”。权奸们象恶兽猰那样磨牙厉齿残害人民,而诗人的理想则是以仁政治天下。他自信有足够的才能和勇气去整顿乾坤,就象古代能用左手接飞猱、右手搏雕虎的勇士那样,虽置身于危险的焦原仍不以为苦。诗意象是宕起,可是马上又重重地跌了下来。在现实的生活中,只有庸碌之辈可以趾高气扬,真有才能的人反而只能收起自己的聪明才智,世人就把我看得轻如鸿毛。古代齐国三个力能排山的勇士被相国晏子设计害死,可见有才能的人往往受到猜疑。明明有剧孟这样的能人而摒弃不用,国家的前途真是不堪设想了。这一段行文的显著特点是句子的排列突破了常规。如果要求意思连贯,那么“手接飞猱”两句之后,应接写“力排南山”两句,“智者可卷”两句之后,应接写“吴楚弄兵”两句。可是诗人却故意把它们作上下错落的排列,避免了平铺直叙。诗人那股汹涌而来的感情激流,至此一波三折,成迂回盘旋之势,更显得恣肆奇横,笔力雄健。这段的语气节奏也随着感情发展而跌宕起伏,忽而急促,忽而舒展,忽而押平声韵,忽而换仄声韵,短短十二句竟三易其韵,极尽变化之能事。

  最后一段开头,“梁甫吟,声正悲”,直接呼应篇首两句,语气沉痛而悲怆。突然,诗人又笔锋一折,“张公两龙剑”以下四句仍是信心百倍地回答了“何时见阳春”这一设问。诗人确信,正如干将、莫邪二剑不会久没尘土,我同“明主”一时为小人阻隔,终当有会合之时。既然做过屠夫和钓徒的吕望最后仍能际会风云,建立功勋,那自己也就应该安时俟命,等待风云感会的一天到来。饱经挫折的诗人虽然沉浸在迷惘和痛苦之中,却仍在用各种办法自我慰藉,始终没有放弃对理想的追求。

  写长篇歌行最忌呆滞平板,这首诗最大的艺术特色正在于布局奇特,变化莫测。它通篇用典,但表现手法却不时变换。吕望和郦食其两个故事是正面描写,起“以古为鉴”的作用,接着借助于种种神话故事,寄寓自己的痛苦遭遇,第三段则把几个不相连属的典故交织在一起,正如清人沈德潜说的“后半拉杂使事,而不见其迹”,因而诗的意境显得奇幻多姿,错落有致:它时而和风丽日,春意盎然,时而浊浪翻滚,险象纷呈;时而语浅意深,明白如话,时而杳冥惝恍,深不可测。加上语言节奏的不断变化起伏,诗人强烈而又复杂的思想感情表现得淋漓尽致。

  (范民声)

送友
Wang Wei
送友
  We finally parted in the dale. As I saw
  The sun settle down, I closed my wattle door.
  The grass greens in spring every year, but alack!
  My friend, can I expect to see you back?

【Notes】 一作山中送别

【Review】 这首《山中送别》诗,不写离亭饯别的情景,而是匠心别运,选取了与一般送别诗全然不同的下笔着墨之点。

  诗的首句“山中相送罢”,在一开头就告诉读者相送已罢,把送行时的话别场面、惜别情怀,用一个看似毫无感情色彩的“罢”字一笔带过。这里,从相送到送罢,跳越了一段时间。而次句从白昼送走行人一下子写到“日暮掩柴扉”,则又跳越了一段更长的时间。在这段时间内,送行者的所感所想是什么呢?诗人在把生活剪接入诗篇时,剪去了这一切,都当作暗场处理了。

  对离别有体验的人都知道,行人将去的片刻固然令人黯然魂消,但一种寂寞之感、怅惘之情往往在别后当天的日暮时会变得更浓重、更稠密。在这离愁别恨最难排遣的时刻,要写的东西也定必是千头万绪的;可是,诗只写了一个“掩柴扉”的举动。这是山居的人每天到日暮时都要做的极其平常的事情,看似与白昼送别并无关连。而诗人却把这本来互不关连的两件事连在了一起,使这本来天天重复的行动显示出与往日不同的意味,从而寓别情于行间,见离愁于字里。读者自会从其中看到诗中人的寂寞神态、怅惘心情;同时也会想:继日暮而来的是黑夜,在柴门关闭后又将何以打发这漫漫长夜呢?这句外留下的空白,更是使人低回想象于无穷的。

  诗的三、四两句“春草明年绿,王孙归不归”,从《楚辞·招隐士》“王孙游兮不归,春草生兮萋萋”句化来。但赋是因游子久去而叹其不归,这两句诗则在与行人分手的当天就惟恐其久去不归。唐汝询在《唐诗解》中概括这首诗的内容为:“扉掩于暮,居人之离思方深;草绿有时,行人之归期难必。”而“归期难必”,正是“离思方深”的一个原因。“归不归”,作为一句问话,照说应当在相别之际向行人提出,这里却让它在行人已去、日暮掩扉之时才浮上居人的心头,成了一个并没有问出口的悬念。这样,所写的就不是一句送别时照例要讲的话,而是“相送罢”后内心深情的流露,说明诗中人一直到日暮还为离思所笼罩,虽然刚刚分手,已盼其早日归来,又怕其久不归来了。前面说,从相送到送罢,从“相送罢”到“掩柴扉”,中间跳越了两段时间;这里,在送别当天的日暮时就想到来年的春草绿,而问那时归不归,这又是从当前跳到未来,跳越的时间就更长了。

  王维善于从生活中拾取看似平凡的素材,运用朴素、自然的语言,来显示深厚、真挚的感情,往往味外有味,令人神远。这首《山中送别》诗就是这样。

  (陈邦炎)

远别离
Li Bai
远别离
  Far parting, the ancient imperial Britain of the two women,
  Is in the south of Dongting Lake, the Xiang Pu.
  Thousands of miles of deep water straight down, who do not say this but from suffering?
  Xi Yun Ming Ming at Can Can, orangutans, smoke sings Come Guixiao rain.
  Vertical words will be what I make?
  Imperial Vault of Heaven did not as the fear of theft of more than loyalty.
  Come To the roar of cloud by virtue of anger, Yu Yao and Shun as the Zen also.
  Jun Chen Xi lost dragon fish, mice become vested Chen Xi Hu.
  Or made prisoners quiet Yao, Shun and wild death
  Jiuyi Binome were similar re-pupil solitary graves actually what is?
  Irene Di Xi between child sobbing, with the storm Come to No also.
  Xi Yuan Wang weep, see Cangwu the mountains.
  Xiang must Cangwu landslides, bamboo is available on the tears off.
Translated by Google

【Review】 这是一个古老的传说:帝尧曾经将两个女儿(长曰娥皇、次曰女英)嫁给舜。舜南巡,死于苍梧之野。二妃溺于湘江,神游洞庭之渊,出入潇湘之浦。这个传说,使得潇湘洞庭一带似乎几千年来一直被悲剧气氛笼罩着,“远别离,古有皇英之二女;乃在洞庭之南,潇湘之浦,海水直下万里深,谁人不言此离苦?”一提到这些诗句,人们心理上都会被唤起一种凄迷的感受。那流不尽的清清的潇湘之水,那浩淼的洞庭,那似乎经常出没在潇湘云水间的两位帝子,那被她们眼泪所染成的斑竹,都会一一浮现在脑海里。所以,诗人在点出潇湘、二妃之后发问:“谁人不言此离苦?”就立即能获得读者强烈的感情共鸣。

  接着,承接上文渲染潇湘一带的景物:太阳惨淡无光,云天晦暗,猩猩在烟雨中啼叫,鬼魅在呼唤着风雨。但接以“我纵言之将何补”一句,却又让人感到不是单纯写景了。阴云蔽日,那“日惨惨兮云冥冥”,不象是说皇帝昏聩、政局阴暗吗?“猩猩啼烟兮鬼啸雨”,不正象大风暴到来之前的群魔乱舞吗?而对于这一切,一个连一官半职都没有的诗人,即使说了,又何补于世,有谁能听得进去呢?既然“日惨惨”、“云冥冥”,那末朝廷又怎么能区分忠奸呢?所以诗人接着写道:我觉得皇天恐怕不能照察我的忠心,相反,雷声殷殷,又响又密,好象正在对我发怒呢。这雷声显然是指朝廷上某些有权势的人的威吓,但与上面“日惨惨兮云冥冥,猩猩啼烟兮鬼啸雨”相呼应,又象是仍然在写潇湘洞庭一带风雨到来前的景象,使人不觉其确指现实。

  “尧舜当之亦禅禹,君失臣兮龙为鱼,权归臣兮鼠变虎。”这段议论性很强,很象在追述造成别离的原因:奸邪当道,国运堪忧。君主用臣如果失当,大权旁落,就会象龙化为可怜的鱼类,而把权力窃取到手的野心家,则会象鼠一样变成吃人的猛虎。当此之际,就是尧亦得禅舜,舜亦得禅禹。不要以为我的话是危言耸听、亵渎人们心目中神圣的上古三代,证之典籍,确有尧被秘密囚禁,舜野死蛮荒之说啊。《史记·五帝本纪》正义引《竹书纪年》载:尧年老德衰为舜所囚。《国语·鲁语》:“舜勤民事而野死。”由于忧念国事,诗人观察历史自然别具一副眼光:尧幽囚、舜野死之说,大概都与失权有关吧?“九疑联绵皆相似,重瞳孤坟竟何是?”舜的眼珠有两个瞳孔,人称重华。传说他死在湘南的九嶷山,但九座山峰联绵相似,究竟何处是重华的葬身之地呢?称舜墓为“孤坟”,并且叹息死后连坟地都不能为后人确切知道,更显凄凉。不是死得暧昧,何至如此呢!娥皇、女英二位帝子,在绿云般的丛竹间哭泣,哭声随风波远逝,去而无应。“见苍梧之深山”,着一“深”字,令人可以想象群山迷茫,即使二妃远望也不知其所,这就把悲剧更加深了一步。“苍梧山崩湘水绝,竹上之泪乃可灭。”斑竹上的泪痕,乃二妃所洒,苍梧山应该是不会有崩倒之日,湘水也不会有涸绝之时,二妃的眼泪又岂有止期?这个悲剧实在是太深了!

  诗所写的是二妃的别离,但“我纵言之将何补”一类话,分明显出诗人是对现实政治有所感而发的。所谓“君失臣”、“权归臣”是天宝后期政治危机中突出的标志,并且是李白当时心中最为忧念的一端。元代萧士赟认为玄宗晚年贪图享乐,荒废朝政,把政事交给李林甫、杨国忠,边防交给安禄山、哥舒翰,“太白熟观时事,欲言则惧祸及己,不得已而形之诗,聊以致其爱君忧国之志。所谓皇英之事,特借指耳。”这种说法是可信的。李白之所以要危言尧舜之事,意思大概是要强调人君如果失权,即使是圣哲也难保社稷妻子。后来在马嵬事变中,玄宗和杨贵妃演出一场远别离的惨剧,可以说是正好被李白言中了。

  诗写得迷离惝恍,但又不乏要把迷阵挑开一点缝隙的笔墨。“我纵言之将何补?皇穹窃恐不照余之忠诚,雷凭凭兮欲吼怒。”这些话很象他在《梁甫吟》中所说的“我欲攀龙见明主,雷公砰轰震天鼓。……白日不照吾精诚,杞国无事忧天倾。”不过,《梁甫吟》是直说,而《远别离》中的这几句隐隐呈现在重重迷雾之中,一方面起着点醒读者的作用,一方面又是在述及造成远别离的原因时,自然地带出的。诗仍以叙述二妃别离之苦开始,以二妃恸哭远望终结,让悲剧故事笼括全篇,保持了艺术上的完整性。

  诗人是明明有许多话急于要讲的。但他知道即使是把喉咙喊破了,也决不会使唐玄宗醒悟,真是“言之何补”!况且诗人自己也心绪如麻,不想说,但又不忍不说。因此,写诗的时候不免若断若续,似吞似吐。范梈说:“此篇最有楚人风。所贵乎楚言者,断如复断,乱如复乱,而辞意反复行于其间者,实未尝断而乱也;使人一唱三叹,而有遗音。”(据瞿蜕园、朱金城《李白集校注》转引)这是很精到的见解。诗人把他的情绪,采用楚歌和骚体的手法表现出来,使得断和续、吞和吐、隐和显,消魂般的凄迷和预言式的清醒,紧紧结合在一起,构成深邃的意境和强大的艺术魅力。

  (余恕诚)

行行游且猎篇
Li Bai
行行游且猎篇
  Border children, date of birth do not read the book word for word, but will boast light hunting walk on stilts.
  Humayun fall fertilizer should Penni_set_um, riding a shadow to chase any boast pride. Jin Bian Hui Ming snow brush sheath
  The outer half-intoxicated falconer. Arched full moon is not in vain, even fly off into double 鶬 髇.
  View by key provision of the sea trade, the British Wind fierce gas sand moraine. Less than Ranger scholars who
  What else under the hangings of white interests first.
Translated by Google
明堂诗
Ban Gu
  In Zhaoming Tang. Mingtang Kongyang.
  Sheng Huang Zong Si. Mu Mu Huang Huang.
  Banquet of God. Five timing.
  Who is it with the. World Zuguang Wu.
  Putian rate of soil. All its staff.
  Secular Yi Ji Hee. Huai-Yun blessings.
Translated by Google
丹霞蔽日行
Cao Zhi
  Zhou was dizzy. Zhong child is disabled.
  HE Zhou Long. A Trinity.
  Makino To work. Days also revolution.
  Jo Han Mood. Order Qin decline.
  Notwithstanding the south. Wangdao Ling Yi.
  Yan light and then quiet. Exterminate off completely.
Translated by Google
善哉行
Xie Lingyun
  Yanggu jump. Yu Yuan lead off.
  King Yao-east corner. Wan late cake.
  Three spring sultry deposited. Nine losing their leaves in autumn.
  Cool to warm welcome. Winter to summer is.
  Home Des Yi. Charitable play ridiculed.
  Yin Guanyang Cong. Diaohuaduoe.
  Fun and easy to suffer. Sad to hard to melt.
  When the song hit section. Wine and discretion.
  Rustic holy fools. Sad pregnant distress.
  Zenzai Kevin Woods. Surging at the music.
Translated by Google
出塞二首
Xue Daoheng
  一
  
  高秋白露团。上将出长安。
  尘沙塞下暗。风月陇头寒。
  转蓬随马足。飞霜落剑端。
  凝云迷代郡。流水冻桑干。
  烽微桔槔远。桥峻辘轳难。
  从军多恶少。召募尽材官。
  伏堤时卧鼓。疑兵乍解鞍。
  柳城擒冒顿。长坂纳呼韩。
  受降今更筑。燕然已重刊。
  还嗤傅介子。辛苦刺楼兰。
  
  二
  
  边庭烽火惊。插羽夜征兵。
  少昊腾金气。文昌动将星。
  长驱鞮汗北。直指夫人城。
  绝漠三秋暮。穷阴万里生。
  寒夜哀笛曲。霜天断鴈声。
  连旗下鹿塞。叠鼓向龙庭。
  妖云坠虏阵。晕月遶胡营。
  左贤皆顿颡。单于已系缨。
  绁马登玄阙。钩鲲临北溟。
  当知霍骠骑。高第起西京。
卷耳
Zhou Na
卷耳
  I was gathering and gathering the mouse-ear,
  But could not fill my shallow basket.
  With a sigh for the man of my heart,
  I placed it there on the highway.
  
  I was ascending that rock-covered height,
  But my horses were too tired to breast it.
  I will now pour a cup from that gilded vase,
  Hoping I may not have to think of him long.
  
  I was ascending that lofty ridge,
  But my horses turned of a dark yellow.
  I will now take a cup from that rhinoceros' horn,
  Hoping I may not have long to sorrow.
  
  I was ascending that flat-topped height,
  But my horses became quite disabled,
  And my servants were [also] disabled.
  Oh! how great is my sorrow!
螽斯
Zhou Na
螽斯
  Ye locusts, winged tribes,
  How harmoniously you collect together!
  Right is it that your descendants
  Should be multitudinous!
  
  Ye locusts, winged tribes,
  How sound your wings in flight!
  Right is it that your descendents
  Should be as in unbroken strings!
  
  Ye locusts, winged tribes,
  How you cluster together!
  Right is it that your descendents
  Should be in swarms!
吾富有钱时
Wang Fanzhi
吾富有钱时
  I full of money, women and children look at me good.
  If my clothes off, and I folded gown jacket.
  I ask to go out after, I get that on the road.
  The money came into the house, see I sounded funny.
  I spin around the pigeons, like the parrot birds.
  Encounter being poor, I see the appearance post.
  Seven for the poor, the seven-rich phase is also reported.
  Figure wealth regardless of people, and when the road appears.
Translated by Google

【Notes】 王梵志是唐初的一位白话诗人。

  这是一首慨叹人情冷暖的诗作。乍读起来,全篇既没有精彩的警句,也很少环境氛围的艺术描绘,似乎是平平淡淡、语不惊人;实际上它以“直说”见长,指事状物,浅切形象;信口信手,率然成章;言近旨远,发人深省,别具一种淡而有味的诗趣。

  全诗结构紧凑,层次分明,步步围绕主题,写得颇有情致。首段六句,作者以概述的笔调,指出妻室儿女态度好坏的关键在于一个“钱”字。拥有钱财时,一切都好,妻室儿女也显得十分殷勤。假如要脱衣服,很快就会有人把脱下的袍袄折叠得整整齐齐;假如离家出外经商,还要一直送到大路旁边。诗人在这里选取习见的生活现象,以凝炼的笔触,不加修饰地叙写出各种场景,给人以平凡而生动的感觉。

  接着,作者利用贴切的比喻,进一步刻画出金钱引起的种种媚态:“将钱入舍来,见吾满面笑。绕吾白鸽旋,恰似鹦鹉鸟。”当携带金钱回到家中时,一个个笑脸相迎,象白鸽那样盘旋在你的周围,又好似学舌的鹦鹉在你耳边喋喋不休。人们向来把鸽子当成嫌贫爱富的鸟类,而鹦鹉则被视作多嘴饶舌、献媚逢迎的形象。因此诗人用“白鸽”、“鹦鹉”来形容见钱眼开的贪财者。

  最后六句,概括全篇主旨,也是王梵志对世情险薄的愤激之语。句中的“邂逅”,不期而至的意思;“貌哨”,指脸色难看;皆为唐人口语。这几句诗说的是:当我偶然陷入贫穷之时,你们的脸色为何变得这样的难看,要知道人在最穷的时候,也可能会有极富的机会。他直率地警告那些庸俗的贪财者,如果只为贪图钱财,而毫不顾及人的情义,那就看看来时的报应吧!这里,诗人率直地写下了他的愤激之情。

  这首诗在艺术表现上明显的特点是:以锐敏的观察力捕捉生活中某些不大为人重视的动作和事理,运用通俗凝炼的语言,设想奇巧的对比描写,着墨不多,无意于渲染,但是那种贪钱者的丑态便跃然纸上。与此同时,诗人的不平之气也豁然而出。作者利用比较娴熟的驾驭民间语言的能力,出语自然,质直素朴,言近旨远,从而开创唐代以俗语俚词入诗的通俗诗派,为唐诗的发展作出了贡献。

  (张锡厚)

杳杳寒山道
Han Shan
  Yao Yao Han Shan Road, yo cold stream shore.
  Often the birds tweeted, knowing about, no one.
  Xixi wind side, have snow product itself.
  Zhao Zhao gone on, but each spring I do not know.
Translated by Google

【Review】 寒山是贞观时代的诗僧。长期住在天台山寒岩,诗就写刻在山石竹木之上,盈六百首,现存三百余首。语言明浅如话,有鲜明的乐府民歌风,内容除用形象演说佛理之外,多描述世态人情,山水景物。诗风幽冷,别具境界。这首“杳杳寒山道”,很能代表他的风格。

  诗的内容,写寒岩左近高山深壑中的景色,最后见出心情,通篇浸透了寒意。首联写山水。“杳杳”言山路深暗幽远,“落落”言涧边寂寥冷落。诗一开始就把读者带进一个冷森森的境界,顿觉寒气逼人。次联写山中幽静,用轻细的鸟鸣声反衬四周的冷寂。三联写山中气候,用风雪的凛冽写出环境的冷峻。尾联结到感受:山幽林茂,不易见到阳光;心如古井,不关心春来秋去。前七句渲染环境的幽冷,后一句见出诗人超然物外的冷淡心情。

  这首诗除了用景物渲染气氛、以气氛烘托心情这种传统的表现手法之外,使用迭字是它的特点。通篇句首都用迭字,是不多见的。顾炎武《日知录》说:“诗用迭字最难。《卫风·硕人》……连用六迭字,可谓复而不厌,赜而不乱矣。”他提出了用迭字的要求:复而不厌,赜而不乱。要做到这一点,关键在于变化。寒山这首诗使用迭字,就很富于变化。“杳杳”具有幽暗的色彩感;“落落”具有空旷的空间感;“啾啾”言有声;“寂寂”言无声;“淅淅”写风的动态感;“纷纷”写雪的飞舞状;“朝朝”、“岁岁”虽同指时间,又有长短的区别。八组迭字,各具情状。就词性看,这些迭字有形容词、副词、象声词、名词,也各不相同。就描摹对象看,或山或水,或鸟或人,或风或雪,或境或情,也不一样。这样就显得变化多姿,字虽重复而不会使人厌烦,繁赜而井然不乱。

  使用迭字的效果,大抵象使用对偶排比一样,能获得整齐的形式美,增进感情的强度。寒山这首诗中的迭字,大都带有一种幽冷寂寥的感情色彩,接连使用,使诗笼罩着一层浓烈的气氛。再如,“朝”、“岁”,单个的名词,本来不带感情色彩,但一经迭用,出现在上述特定的气氛中,就显得时间的无限延长,心情的守一、执着,也就加强了诗意,具有感情色彩了。

这首诗还由于使用迭字,增强了它的音乐美。借助于音节的复沓,使人读起来感到和谐贯串,一气盘旋,并借助于形式上的划一,把本来分散的山水、风、雪、境、情,组织成一个整体,回环往复,连绵不断。

 (赖汉屏)

行露
Zhao Na
  Wet lay the dew on the path: --
  Might I not [have walked there] in the early dawn?
  But I said there was [too] much dew on the path.
  
  Who can say the sparrow has no horn?
  How else can it bore through my house?
  Who can say that you did not get me betrothed?
  How else could you have urged on this trial?
  But though you have forced me to trial,
  Your ceremonies for betrothal were not sufficient.
  
  Who can say that the rat has no molar teeth?
  How else could it bore through my wall?
  Who can say that you did not get me betrothed?
  How else could you have urged on this trial?
  But though you have forced me to trial,
  I will still not follow you.
野有死麕
Zhao Na
  In the wild there is a dead antelope,
  And it is wrapped up with the white grass.
  There is a young lady with thoughts natural to the spring,
  And a fine gentleman would lead her astray.
  
  In the forest there are the scrubby oaks;
  In the wild there is a dead deer,
  And it is bound round with the white grass.
  There is a young lady like a gem.
  
  [She says], Slowly; gently, gently;
  Do not move my handkerchief;
  Do not make my dog bark.
长安古意
Lu ZhaoLin
  Changan Avenue, even the narrow ramp, the Green Dream Car seven white cows.
  Yu-chariot through the main aspect first, Jinbian flock to Hou.
  Long title Baogai bearing Asahi, Feng Tu fringed with sun_set_.
  Baizhang gossamer fight juke, a group of charming the birds spent a total of cry.
  Travel Tip one thousand bee movie side, Bishu Silver Terrace ten thousand kinds of color.
  Acacia Road, cross the window for recovery, with double-Que Feng Meng-wing down.
  Ka paintings Court transit, the handi Chin Clouds straight.
  Across the front of the building not knowing each other, meet Mo Ju met.
  Ask a flute to Zi Yan, who studied dance-fang years.
  He had resigned as head than death, would like to make duck does not envy cents.
  Head duck arguably envy than double to double to Do not you see.
  Account the amount of raw hate solitary phoenix embroidery, good post Shuangyan take curtain.
  Yan Flying around two-painted beams, Luo Wei Chui be tulips.
  Piece of the Clouds with onion skin, slender yellow in early January on the crow.
  Pink and yellow crow out of the car, containing a Johnson with non-state situation.
  BMW Rail with the demon child of money, bitch dragon gold knees.
  Censor Fuchu Wu Yeti, Tingwei front of the bird habitat desire.
  Yu-Chu City Road Pro faint, distant emerald curtain at front of carriage did not Gimje.
  Eagle Duling bomb laden North, ground balls by Wei-west passenger.
  Lotus Club invited knight sword, peaches and plums were places of prostitution house footpath.
  Purple sun_set_ Luoqun prostitution house, Qing Song atmosphere 氲 a twitter mouth.
  North Hall every night people moon, South street Zhao Zhao ride like clouds.
  Unfamiliar with the North South North Church, the five plays three control three cities.
  Weak Liu Qinghuai brush, hanging, dark days of good air from the Red.
  Kingo Qianqi to the Han Dynasty, jade Tu Su parrot cup.
  King and solutions with Ru Bao Luo, Zhao Yan Song Dance King and open.
  Deluxe said it would not have phase transfer date back to the days do not give way.
  Emotional origin of the irrigation and drainage husband, specifically the right to sub-phase can not be Shaw.
  Specifically the right to emotional Haoxiong, green dragon sitting Ziyan spring.
  Long song and dance from the golden words from that Jiaoshe Lingwu Gong.
  Physical landscape section without treatment, mulberry sea change even for a moment.
  Once-golden order INTERACTIVE pine only see the term of the present.
  Knowing about a handful of the Yangtze home with each new year a book.
  Osmanthus Nanshan unique hair flying very hot train.
Translated by Google

【Notes】 辇niǎn:古时用人拉或推的车
主第:公主的住宅
流苏:下垂的穗子,装饰在马车、帐幕等上面下垂的穗状物,用五彩羽毛或丝线制成
阙:皇宫门前两边供瞭望的楼
甍méng:屋脊;屋栋
茎:柱,杆
讵jù:岂,难道
辞:说,讲
鸾:鸟名。凤凰的一种。雄性的长生鸟
幰xiǎn:车上的帷幔
蹊xī:小路。亦泛指路
啭zhuàn:转折发声
屠苏:古代一种酒名
襦:短衣;短袄
虬qiú:古代传说中的有角的龙
裾jū:衣服的前后襟

【Review】 题为《长安古意》,实则借汉京人物写唐都现实,极富批判精神。
  自开篇至“娼妇盘龙金屈膝”,铺写统治集团上层人物寻欢作乐、穷奢极欲的生活情景。首句展现长安大街深巷纵横交错的平面图,接着描绘街景:香车宝马,络绎下绝,有的驶入公主第宅,有的奔向王侯之家。“承朝日”、“带晚霞”,表明这些车马,从朝至暮,川流不息。接着写皇官、官府的华美建筑:在花、鸟、蜂、蝶、游丝、绿树点缀的喧闹春光里,千门、银台、复道、双阙、画阁、金茎,以及“交窗作合欢”、“连甍垂凤翼”的特写镜头连续闪现,令人眼花缭乱。而这,正是统治集团上层人物活动的大舞台。接下去,集中笔墨描状豪门歌儿舞女的生活和心境。憎绣孤鸾,自帖双燕,表现这些“笼中鸟”也有自己的爱情追求。“得成比目何辞死,愿作鸳鸯不羡仙”,则是追求恋爱自由的坚决誓言,成为历代传诵的名句。
  从“御史府中乌夜啼”到“燕歌赵舞为君开”,以娼家为中心,写各色特殊人物的夜生活,妙在先以掌弹劾的御史和掌刑法的廷尉门庭冷落作陪衬,然后描写从杜陵到渭城、从南陌到北里,整个长安,在夜幕笼罩下变成颠狂、放荡的游乐场。那些目无法纪的王孙公子,或“挟弹飞鹰”,或“探丸借客”,邀钓身带宝剑的侠客“共宿娼家”。娼家燕歌赵舞,花天酒地,招来的贵客远不止此。翠幰没堤,红尘暗天,各类声势显赫的人物都向这里聚集;最有讽刺意味的是“汉家金吾千骑来”,连禁卫军的军官们也成群结队,来此寻欢!
  从“别有豪华称将相”至“即今惟见青松在”,写权臣倾轧,得意者横行一时,有“转日回天”之力,自以为荣华永在,但不久即灰飞烟灭。
  在长安,还有与上述各色人物迥乎不同的另一类人物,那就是失意的知识份子。而作者,正是这类人物的代表,于是以穷居著书的杨雄自况,结束全篇。
  第一段先用浓墨重彩描绘车马络绎奔向权门的多种画面;去干什么,却一字未提,给读者拓开驰骋想象的空间。次用极少笔墨写到几种建筑,然而复道、双阙、金茎等等,都是京城长安的主要标帜,故可由局部联想整体。然后用较多文字表现歌儿舞女物质享受的奢华与精神生活的贫苦,未写他们的主子,而那些权豪势要之家的骄奢淫逸,也不难推想。
  前三段所写的场景、人物既各有特点,又相互补充,合拢来便可窥见京城长安的轮廓和上层集团各色人物活动的概况。结尾用南山桂花烘托出自甘寂寞、治学著书的知识份子与上述争权夺利、寻欢作乐的各色人物作强烈对照,便可引发读者的无限联想。
  全诗长达六十八句,以多姿多彩的笔触勾勒出京城长安的全貌。抑扬起伏,悉谐宫商;开合转换,咸中肯綮。既体现了大唐帝国的繁荣昌盛,又暴露了长安这座繁华都市肌体中的脓疮。在同类题材的作品中,不仅左思的《咏史(济济京城内)》、唐太宗的《帝京篇》无法比拟,就是骆宾王的《帝京篇》和王勃的《临高台》,在思想性和艺术性上也略逊一筹,可说是初唐划时代的力作。难怪胡应磷极口称赞:“七言长体,极于此矣!”(《诗薮·内编》卷三)。

[鉴赏]
汉魏六朝以来就有不少以长安洛阳一类名都为背景,描写上层社会骄奢豪贵生活的作品,有的诗篇还通过对比寓讽,如左思《咏史》(“济济京城内”一首)。卢照邻此诗即用传统题材以写当时长安现实生活中的形形色色,托“古意”实抒今情。全诗可分四部分。

  第一部分(从“长安大道连狭斜”到“娼妇盘龙金屈膝”)铺陈长安豪门贵族争竞豪奢、追逐享乐的生活。首句就极有气势地展开大长安的平面图,四通八达的大道与密如蛛网的小巷交织着。次句即入街景,那是无数的香车宝马,穿流不息。这样简劲地总提纲领,以后则洒开笔墨,恣肆汪洋地加以描写:玉辇纵横、金鞭络绎、龙衔宝盖、凤吐流苏……,真如文漪落霞,舒卷绚烂。这些执“金鞭”、乘“玉辇”,车饰华贵,出入于公主第宅、王侯之家的,当然不是等闲人物。“纵横”可见其人数之多,“络绎”不绝,那追欢逐乐的生活节奏是旋风般疾速的。这种景象从“朝日”初升到“晚霞”将合,二六时中无时或已。在长安,不但人是忙碌的,连景物也繁富而热闹:写“游丝”是“百尺”,写“娇鸟”则成群,“争”字“共”字,俱显闹市之闹意。写景俱有陪衬之功用。以下写长安的建筑,而由“花”带出蜂蝶,乘蜂蝶游踪带出常人无由见到的宫禁景物,笔致灵活。作者并不对宫室结构全面铺写,只展现出几个特写镜头:宫门,五颜六色的楼台,雕刻精工的合欢花图案的窗棂,饰有金凤的双阙的宝顶……,使人通过这些接连闪过的金碧辉煌的局部,概见壮丽的宫殿的全景。写到豪门第宅,笔调更为简括:“梁家(借穷极土木的汉代梁冀指长安贵族)画阁中天起”,其势巍峨可比汉宫铜柱。这文彩飞动的笔墨,纷至沓来的景象,几令人目不暇接而心花怒放。于是,在通衢大道与小街曲巷的平面上,矗立起画栋飞檐的华美建筑,成为立体的大“舞台”,这是上层社会的极乐世界。这部分花不少笔墨写出的市景,也构成全诗的背景,下一部分的各色人物仍是在这背景上活动的。

  长安是一片人海,人之众多竟至于“楼前相望不相知,陌上相逢讵相识?”这里“豪贵骄奢,狭邪艳冶,无所不有”,写来够瞧的。作者对豪贵的生活也没有全面铺写,却用大段文字写豪门的歌儿舞女,通过她们的情感、生活以概见豪门生活之一斑。这里有人一见钟情,打听得那仙子弄玉(“吹箫向紫烟”)般美貌的女子是贵家舞女,引起他的热恋:“得成比目何辞死,愿作鸳鸯不羡仙。”那舞女也是心领神会:“比目鸳鸯真可羡,双去双来君不见。生憎帐额绣孤鸾,好取门帘帖双燕。”“借问”四句与“比目”四句,用内心独白式的语言,是一唱一和,男有心女有意。“比目”“鸳鸯”“双燕”一连串作双成对的事物与“孤鸾”的对比,“何辞死”“不羡仙”“真可羡”“好取”“生憎”的果决反复的表态,极写出爱恋的狂热与痛苦。这些专写“男女”的诗句,诚如闻一多赞叹的,比起“相看气息望君怜,谁能含羞不肯前”(简文帝《乌栖曲》)一类“病态的无耻”、“虚弱的感情”,“如今这是什么气魄”,“这真有起死回生的力量”(《宫体诗的自赎》)。通过对舞女心思的描写,从侧面反映出长安人们对于情爱的渴望。以下以双燕为引,写到贵家歌姬舞女的闺房(“罗帷翠被郁金香”),是那样香艳;写到她们的梳妆(“片片行云着蝉翼,纤纤初月上鸦黄”),是那样妖娆,“含娇含态情非一”呵。打扮好了,于是载入香车宝马,随高贵的主人出游了。这一部分结束的二句“妖童宝马铁连钱,娼妇盘龙金屈膝(刻龙纹的阖叶,车饰。“屈膝”同“屈戌”。)”与篇首“青牛白马七香车”回应,标志对长安白昼闹热的描写告一段落。下一部分写长安之夜,不再涉及豪门情事,是为让更多种类的人物登场“表演”,同时,从这些人的享乐生活也不难推知豪门的情况。可见用笔繁简之妙。

  第二部分(从“御史府中乌夜啼”到“燕歌赵舞为君开”)主要以市井娼家为中心,写形形色色人物的夜生活。《汉书·朱博传》说长安御史府中柏树上有乌鸦栖息数以千计,《史记·汲郑列传》说翟公为廷尉罢官后门可罗雀,这部分开始二句即活用典故。“乌夜啼”与“隐隐朱城临玉道,遥遥翠幰没金堤”写出黄昏景象,表明时间进入暮夜。“雀欲栖”则暗示御史、廷尉一类执法官门庭冷落,没有权力。夜长安遂成为“冒险家”的乐园,这里有挟弹飞鹰的浪荡公子,有暗算公吏的不法少年(汉代长安少年有谋杀官吏为人报仇的组织,行动前设赤白黑三种弹丸,摸取以分派任务,故称“探丸借客”),有仗剑行游的侠客……,这些白天各在一方的人气味相投,似乎邀约好一样,夜来都在娼家聚会了。用“桃李蹊”指娼家,不特因桃李可喻艳色,而且因“桃李不言,下自成蹊”的成语,暗示那也是人来人往、别有一种闹热的去处。人们在这里迷恋歌舞,陶醉于氛氲的口香,拜倒在紫罗裙下。娼门内“北堂夜夜人如月”,似乎青春可以永葆;娼门外“南陌朝朝骑似云”,似乎门庭不会冷落。这里点出从“夜”到“朝”,与前一部分“龙含”二句点出从“朝”到“晚”,时间上彼此连续,可见长安人的享乐是夜以继日,周而复始。长安街道纵横,市面繁荣(“五剧”、“三条”、“三市”指各种街道),而娼家特多(“南陌北堂连北里”),几成“社交中心”。除了上述几种逍遥人物,还有大批禁军军官(“金吾”)玩忽职守来此饮酒取乐。这里是各种“货色”的大展览。《史记·滑稽列传》写道:“日暮酒阑,合尊促坐,男女同席,履舄交错。杯盘狼藉,堂上烛灭”,“罗襦襟解,微闻芗(香)泽”,这里“罗襦宝带为君解”,即用其一二字面暗示同样场面。古时燕赵二国歌舞发达且多佳人,故又以“燕歌赵舞”极写其声色娱乐。这部分里,长安各色人物摇镜头式地一幕幕出现,“通过‘五剧三条’的‘弱柳青槐’来‘共宿娼家桃李蹊’。诚然,这不是一场美丽的热闹。但这颠狂中有战栗,堕落中有灵性”(闻一多),决非贫血而萎靡的宫体诗所可比拟。

  第三部分(从“别有豪华称将相”至“即今惟见青松在”)写长安上层社会除追逐难于满足情欲而外,别有一种权力欲,驱使着文武权臣互相倾轧。这些被称为将相的豪华人物,权倾天子(“转日回天”)、互不相让。灌夫是汉武帝时将军,因与窦婴相结,使酒骂座,为丞相武安侯田蚡族诛(《史记·魏其武安侯列传》);萧何,为汉高祖时丞相,高祖封功臣以其居第一,武臣皆不悦(《史记·萧丞相世家》)。“意气”二句用此二典泛指文臣与武将之间的互相排斥、倾轧。其得意者骄横一时,而自谓富贵千载。这节的“青虬(龙类,指骏马)紫燕(骏马名)坐春风”、“自言歌舞长千载”二句又与前两部分中关于车马、歌舞的描写呼应。所以虽写别一内容,而彼此关联钩锁,并不游离。“自言”而又“自谓”,则讽意自足。以下趁势转折,如天骥下坡:“节物风光不相待,桑田碧海须臾改。昔时金阶白玉堂,即今惟见青松在(指墓田)。”这四句不惟就“豪华将相”而言,实一举扫空前两部分提到的各类角色,恰如沈德潜所说:“长安大道,豪贵骄奢,狭邪艳冶,无所不有。自嬖宠而侠客,而金吾,而权臣,皆向娼家游宿,自谓可永保富贵矣。然转瞬沧桑,徒存墟墓。”(《唐诗别裁》)四句不但内容上与前面的长篇铺叙形成对比,形式上也尽洗藻绘,语言转为素朴了。因而词采亦有浓淡对比,更突出了那扫空一切的悲剧效果。闻一多指出这种新的演变说,这里似有“劝百讽一”之嫌。而宫体诗中讲讽刺,多么生疏的一个消息!

  第四部分即末四句,在上文今昔纵向对比的基础上,再作横向的对比,以穷愁著书的扬雄自况,与长安豪华人物对照作结,这里显见左思“济济京城内”一诗影响。但左诗八句写豪华者,八句写扬雄。而此诗以六十四句篇幅写豪华者,其内容之丰富,画面之宏伟,细节之生动都远非左诗可比;末了以四句写扬雄,这里的对比在分量上似不称而效果更为显著。前面是长安市上,轰轰烈烈;而这里是终南山内,“寂寂寥寥”。前面是任情纵欲倚仗权势,这里是清心寡欲、不慕荣利(“年年岁岁一床书”)。而前者声名俱灭,后者却以文名流芳百世(“独有南山桂花发,飞来飞去袭人裾”)。虽以四句对六十四句,自有“秤锤虽小压千斤”之感。这个结尾不但在迥然不同的生活情趣中寄寓着对骄奢庸俗生活的批判,而且带有不遇于时者的愤慨寂寥之感和自我宽解的意味。它是此诗归趣所在。

七古中出现这样洋洋洒洒的巨制,为初唐前所未见。而且更好在感情充沛,力量雄厚。它主要采用赋法,但并非平均使力、铺陈始终;而是有重点、有细节的描写,回环照应,详略得宜;而结尾又颇具兴义,耐人含咏。它一般以四句一换景或一转意,诗韵更迭转换,形成生龙活虎般腾踔的节奏。同时,在转意换景处多用连珠格(如“……好取门帘帖双燕。双燕……”,“……纤纤初月上鸦黄。鸦黄……”),或前分后总的复沓层递句式(如“得成比目何辞死,愿作鸳鸯不羡仙。比目鸳鸯……”,“北堂夜夜人如月,南陌朝朝骑似云。南陌北堂……”,“意气由来排灌夫,专权判不容萧相。专权意气……”),使意换辞联,形成一气到底而又缠绵往复的旋律。这样,就结束了陈隋“音响时乖,节奏未谐”的现象,“一变而精华浏亮;抑扬起伏,悉谐宫商;开合转换,咸中肯綮”(《诗薮》内编卷三);所以,胡应麟极口赞叹道:“七言长体,极于此矣!”(同上)虽然,此诗词彩的华艳富赡,犹有六朝余习,但大体上能服从新的内容需要;前几部分铺陈豪华故多丽句,结尾纵、横对比则转清词,所以不伤于浮艳。在宫体余风尚炽的初唐诗坛,卢照邻“放开粗豪而圆润的嗓子”,唱出如此歌声,压倒那“四面细弱的虫吟”,在七古发展史上确是可喜的新声,而就此诗本身的艺术价值而论,也足使他被誉为“不废江河万古流”的。

  (周啸天)

代悲白头翁
Liu Xiyi
代悲白头翁
  Luoyang East peach flowers, flying off someone?
  Xi Luoyang daughter color, line every falling long sigh.
  Falling this year, the color change, who re-bloom next year?
  See Evergreen has been destroyed as a salary, but also smell the mulberry fields into the sea.
  East Los Angeles can no longer see the ancient, modern people also falling wind.
  One year spent similar, are different from year to year.
  Send the roots of sub-prime words should be half dead Pulsatilla pity.
  This Weng Baitou really poor, the roots of the Iraqi former U.S. youth.
  Fang Sun-son under the tree, Qing Song Miaowu before falling.
  Guanglu pool table text Fairview, General pavilion painting immortal.
  Once confined to bed not met, the three pleasures in whose side the spring?
  Reverberates Crescent to when? A minute later Hefa confusing as silk.
  But looking at singing and dancing since ancient times, the only sad evening birds.
Translated by Google

【Review】 这是一首拟古乐府诗,题又作《代白头吟》。《白头吟》是汉乐府相和歌楚调旧题,古辞写女子毅然与负心男子决裂。刘希夷这首诗则从女子写到老翁,咏叹青春易逝,富贵无常。
  诗的前半部分(十二句),写洛阳女儿见花落而感伤,抒发青春易逝之悲;后半(十句)写白头翁由青春到年老的经历,倾吐人生短暂、富贵无常的感慨。诗中欢乐与悲哀交织,一昂一低,大起大落,构思极其独特,情思宛转,音韵和谐、流畅、优美。诗中告诫人们:青春和富贵都不是永恒的,谁都有衰老之时。诗中蕴含一个生命哲理:宇宙万物时刻在变化,人生短暂,红颜易逝,富贵难久,世事无常。
诗的前半首化自东汉宋子侯的乐府歌辞《董娇娆》,但经过刘希夷的再创作,更为典型概括。作为前半的结语,“年年岁岁”二句是精警的名句,它比喻精当,语言精粹,令人警省。“年年岁岁”、“岁岁年年”的颠倒重复,不仅排沓回荡,音韵优美,更在于强调了时光流逝的无情事实和听天由命的无奈情绪,真实动情。“花相似”、“人不同”的形象比喻,突出了花卉盛衰有时而人生青春不再的对比,耐人寻味。
此诗融会汉魏歌行、南朝近体及梁、陈宫体的艺术经验,而自成一种清丽婉转的风格。它还汲取乐府诗的叙事间发议论,古诗的以叙事方式抒情的手法,又能巧妙交织运用各种对比,发挥对偶、用典的长处,是这诗艺术上的突出成就。

[鉴赏]
这是一首拟古乐府,题又作《代白头吟》。《白头吟》是汉乐府相和歌楚调曲旧题,古辞写女子毅然与负心男子决裂。刘希夷这首诗则从女子写到老翁,咏叹青春易逝、富贵无常。构思独创,抒情宛转,语言优美,音韵和谐,艺术性较高,在初唐即受推崇,历来传为名篇。

  诗的前半写洛阳女子感伤落花,抒发人生短促、红颜易老的感慨;后半写白头老翁遭遇沦落,抒发世事变迁、富贵无常的感慨,以“但看古来歌舞地,惟有黄昏鸟雀悲”总结全篇意旨。在前后的过渡,以“寄言全盛红颜子,应怜半死白头翁”二句,点出红颜女子的未来不免是白头老翁的今日,白头老翁的往昔实即是红颜女子的今日。诗人把红颜女子和白头老翁的具体命运加以典型化,表现出这是一大群处于封建社会下层的男女老少的共同命运,因而提出应该同病相怜,具有“醒世”的作用。

  诗的前半首化自东汉宋子侯的乐府歌辞《董娇娆》,但经过刘希夷的再创作,更为概括典型。作为前半的结语,“年年岁岁”二句是精警的名句,它比喻精当,语言精粹,令人警省。“年年岁岁”“岁岁年年”的颠倒重复,不仅排沓回荡,音韵优美,更在于强调了时光流逝的无情事实和听天由命的无奈情绪,真实动情。“花相似”、“人不同”的形象比喻,突出了花卉盛衰有时而人生青春不再的对比,耐人寻味。结合后半写白头老翁的遭遇,可以体会到,诗人不用“女子”和“春花”对比,而用泛指名词“人”和“花”对比,不仅是由于七言诗字数的限制,更由于要包括所有不能掌握自己命运的可怜人,其中也包括了诗人自己。也许,因此产生了不少关于这诗的附会传说。如《大唐新语》、《本事诗》所云:诗人自己也觉得这两句诗是一种不祥的预兆,即所谓“诗谶”,一年后,诗人果然被害。这类无稽之谈的产生与流传,既反映人们爱惜诗人的才华,同情他的不幸,也表明这诗情调也过于伤感了。

此诗融会汉魏歌行、南朝近体及梁、陈宫体的艺术经验,而自成一种清丽婉转的风格。它还汲取乐府诗的叙事间发议论、古诗的以叙事方式抒情的手法,又能巧妙交织运用各种对比,发挥对偶、用典的长处,是这诗艺术上的突出成就。刘希夷生前似未成名,而在死后,孙季良编选《正声集》,“以刘希夷诗为集中之最,由是大为时人所称”(《大唐新语》)。可见他一生遭遇压抑,是他产生消极感伤情绪的思想根源。这诗浓厚的感伤情绪,反映了封建制度束缚戕害人才的事实。
  (倪其心)

古剑篇
Guo Zhen
  Do not you see the rule of flying iron kun wu yan smoke, red Purple all surprised.
  Workers who exercise good few years, wrought Longquan sword name.
  Longquan colors like frost, good work Zijie sigh Wonderful.
  Yu Xia glass lotus flowers, the moon reflects the wrong Loujin ring.
  Coincides with the world without prostitution, Credit goes to weekly anti gentleman body.
  Naked Anan Green Snake color, patches of green turtle scales article.
  Not directly make Ranger son, who was also close to the hero.
  He made contributions Road was abandoned, scattered drift side perish ancient prison.
  Although re-buried useless dust, gas can still sky every night.
Translated by Google

【Notes】 昆吾:传说中的山名。相传山有积石,冶炼成铁,铸出的宝剑光如水精,削玉如泥。
琉璃玉匣:《西京杂记》载汉高祖斩白蛇剑以五色琉璃为匣。
风尘:指战争。
文章:指剑上的花纹。

【Review】 这是一首咏物言志诗。相传是郭震受武则天召见时写的,“则天览而佳之,令写数十本,遍赐学士李峤、阎朝隐等”(张说《郭公行状》)。从此,这首诗广传于世。

  “古剑”是指古代著名的龙泉宝剑。据传是吴国干将和越国欧冶子二人,用昆吾所产精矿,冶炼多年而铸成,备受时人赞赏。但后来沦落埋没在丰城的一个古牢狱的废墟下,直到晋朝宰相张华夜观天象,发现在斗宿、牛宿之间有紫气上冲于天,后经雷焕判断是“宝剑之精上彻于天”,这才重新被发掘出来。这首诗就是化用上述传说,借歌咏龙泉剑以寄托自己的理想和抱负,抒发不遇的感慨。

  诗人用古代造就的宝剑比喻当时沦没的人才,贴切而易晓。从托物言志看,诗的开头借干将铸剑故事以喻自己素质优秀,陶冶不凡;其次赞美宝剑的形制和品格,以自显其一表人材,风华并茂;再次称道宝剑在太平年代虽乏用武之地,也曾为君子佩用,助英雄行侠,以显示自己操守端正,行为侠义;最后用宝剑沦落的故事,以自信终究不会埋没,吐露不平。显然,作者这番夫子自道,理直气壮地表明着:人才早已造就,存在,起过作用,可惜被埋没了,必须正视这一现实,应当珍惜、辨识、发现人才,把埋没的人才挖掘出来。这就是它的主题思想,也是它的社会意义。不难理解,在封建社会,面对至高至尊的皇帝陛下,敢于写出这样寓意显豁、思想尖锐、态度严正的诗歌,其见识、胆略、豪气是可贵可敬的。对于压抑于下层的士子来说,更会深受感奋。这首诗的意义和影响由此,成功也由此。

  张说评述郭震“文章有逸气,为世所重”。所谓“逸气”,即指其作品气势不羁,风格豪放。《古剑篇》的艺术特点,正如此评,其突出处恰在气势和风格。由于这诗是借咏剑以发议论,吐不平,因而求鲜明,任奔放,不求技巧,不受拘束。诗人所注重的是比喻贴切,意思显豁,主题明确。诗中虽然化用传说,不乏想象,颇有夸张,富于浪漫色彩。例如赞美宝剑冶炼,称道宝剑品格,形容宝剑埋没等,都有想象和夸张。但是,笔触所到,议论即见,形象鲜明,思想犀利,感情奔放,气势充沛,往往从剑中见人,达到见人而略剑的艺术效果。实际上,这首诗在艺术上的成就,主要不在形式技巧,而在丰满地表现出诗人的形象,体现为一种典型,一种精神,因而能打动人。“文以气为主”,“风格即人”,此诗可作一例。

  (倪其心)

驺虞
Zhao Na
  Strong and abundant grow the rushes;
  He discharges [but] one arrow at five wild boars.
  Ah! he is the Zou-yu!
  
  Strong and abundant grow the artemisia;
  He discharges [but] one arrow at five wild boars.
  Ah! he is the Zou-yu!
日月
Bei Feng
  O sun; O moon,
  Which enlightens this lower earth!
  Here is the man,
  Who treats me not according to the ancient rule.
  How can he get his mind settled?
  Would he then not regard me?
  
  O sun; O moon,
  Which overshadow this lower earth!
  Here is this man,
  Who will not be friendly with me.
  How can he get his mind settled?
  Would he then not respond to me?
  
  O sun; O moon,
  Which come forth from the east!
  Here is the man,
  With virtuous words, but really not good.
  How can he get his mind settled?
  Would he then allow me to be forgotten?
  
  O sun; o moon,
  From the east which come forth!
  O father, O mother,
  There is no sequel to your nourishing of me.
  How can he get his mind settled?
  Would he then respond to me, contrary to all reason?
匏有苦叶
Bei Feng
  The gourd has [still] its bitter leaves,
  And the crossing at the ford is deep.
  If deep, I will go through with my clothes on;
  If shallow, I will do so, holding them up.
  
  The ford is full to overflowing;
  There is the note of the female pheasant.
  The full ford will not wet the axle of my carriage;
  It is the pheasant calling for her mate.
  
  The wild goose, with its harmonious notes,
  At sunrise, with the earliest dawn,
  By the gentleman, who wishes to bring home his bride,
  [Is presented] before the ice is melted.
  
  The boatman keeps beckoning;
  And others cross with him, but I do not.
  Others cross with him, but I do not; --
  I am waiting for my friend.
谷风
Bei Feng
  Gently blows the east wind,
  With cloudy skies and with rain.
  [Husband and wife] should strive to be of the same mind,
  And not let angry feelings arise.
  When we gather the mustard plant and earth melons,
  We do not reject them because of their roots.
  While I do nothing contrary to my good name,
  I should live with you till our death.
  
  I go along the road slowly, slowly,
  In my inmost heart reluctant.
  Not far, only a little way,
  Did he accompany me to the threshold.
  Who says that the sowthistle is bitter?
  It is as sweet as the shepherd's purse.
  You feast with your new wife,
  [Loving] as brothers.
  
  The muddiness of the King appears from the Wei,
  But its bottom may be seen about the islets.
  You feast with your new wife,
  And think me not worth being with
  Do not approach my dam,
  Do not move my basket.
  My person is rejected; --
  What avails it to care for what may come after?
  
  Where the water was deep,
  I crossed it by a raft or a boat.
  Where it was shallow,
  I dived or swam across it.
  Whether we had plenty or not,
  I exerted myself to be getting.
  When among others there was a death,
  I crawled on my knees to help them.
  
  You cannot cherish me,
  And you even count me as an enemy.
  You disdain my virtues, --
  A pedlar's wares which do not sell.
  Formerly, I was afraid our means might be exhausted,
  And I might come with you to destitution.
  Now, when your means are abundant,
  You compare me to poison.
  
  My fine collection of vegetables,
  Is but a provision against the winter.
  Feasting with your new wife,
  You think of me as a provision [only] against your poverty.
  Cavalierly and angrily you treat me;
  You give me only pain.
  You do not think of the former days,
  And are only angry with me.
式微
Bei Feng
  Reduced! Reduced!
  Why not return?
  If it were not for your sake, O prince,
  How should we be thus exposed to the dew?
  
  Reduced! Reduced!
  Why not return?
  If it were not for your person, O prince,
  How should we be here in the mire?
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