Cui Wei Zhongnan empty mountains. Sundae also know that nothing is thrown away, Hou door may not be a non-talent.
A bamboo pole boat moon, who lives in the five lakes Returning Home.
Jump on the warm golden carp. No win something dead in March, ten years go water see the heart.
Taniguchi Zheng lost his Master, stolen idle name, said today.
恩在丹心不可忘。未必便为谗口隔,只应贪草谏书忙。
别来愁悴知多少,两度槐花马上黄。
Term is also moving inexorably. Valet with the king peony, lotus where to avoid Fang dust.
After South Korea so that the poor off the ground, had the body to live up to Nong China.
Solutions should be curved through Milky Way, it is unclear until the Kunlun Mountains.
Emperor oath power belt she is small, accounting for fighting off Cha fairy light.
Three years later who knows, why labor Jun newspaper peaceful.
【Review】 这首《黄河》,不是真要赋咏黄河,而是借事寓意,抨击和讥讽唐代的科举制度。
一开头,作者就用黄河无法澄清作比喻,暗示当时的科举考试的虚伪性,揭露官场正和黄河一样混浊,即使把用来澄清浊水的阿胶都倾进去,也无济于事。接着又用“天意难明”四字,矛头直指最高统治者。
下面两句,作者进一步描画科举场中的黑暗。李白诗有“君不见黄河之水天上来”之句。黄河古来又有九曲之称,如刘禹锡《浪淘沙》词:“九曲黄河万里沙”。诗人巧妙地把这两层意思联系起来,驰骋想象,写道:“解通银汉应须曲”。表面上是说黄河所以能够通到天上去,是因为它河道曲折。可是“银汉”在古人诗词又常用来指代皇室或朝廷,所以这句的真实意思是说,能够通到皇帝身边去的(指通过科举考试取得高官显位),必是使用“曲”的手段,即不正当的手段。唐代科举考试,特别是到晚唐,主要不是在考查学问,而是看士子有没有投靠巴结当权人物的本领,正直的人肯定是要失败的。
古人误以为黄河发源于昆仑山,所以作者说它“才出昆仑便不清”。这也是有寓意的。“昆仑”同“银汉”一样,是指朝廷豪门贵族甚至当朝皇帝。因为那些被提拔荐引做了官的士子,都是与贵族、大臣私下里勾结,一出手就不干不净,正如黄河在发源地就已经混浊了一样。
五、六两句,包含了两个典故。第五句是指汉高祖在平定天下、大封功臣时的誓词,誓词里说:“使河如带,泰山若砺。”翻译出来就是:要到黄河象衣带那么狭窄,泰山象磨刀石那样平坦,你们的爵位才会失去(那意思就是永不失去)。第六句说的是汉代张骞奉命探寻黄河源头。据说他坐了一只木筏,溯河直上,不知不觉到了一个地方,看见有个女子正在织布,旁边又有个放牛的男子。张骞后来回到西蜀,拿这事请教善于占卜的严君平。君平说,你已经到了天上牛郎织女两座星宿的所在了。
作者借用这两个典故,同样也有寓意。上句是说,自从汉高祖大封功臣以来(恰巧,唐代开国皇帝也叫“高祖”),贵族们就世代簪缨,富贵不绝,霸占着朝廷爵禄,好象真要等到黄河细小得象衣带时才肯放手。下句又说,封建贵族霸占爵位,把持朝政,有如“仙人占斗”。(天上的北斗,古代天文学属于紫微垣,居于天北极的周围。古人用以象征皇室或朝廷。)他们既然占据了“北斗”,那么,要到天上去的“客槎”(指考试求官的人),只要经他们的援引,自然飘飘直上,不须费力了。
由此可见,诗人虽然句句明写黄河,却又是句句都在暗射封建王朝,骂得非常尖刻,比喻也十分贴切。这和罗隐十次参加科举考试失败的痛苦经历有着密切的关系。
传说“黄河千年一清,至圣之君以为大瑞”(见王嘉《拾遗记·高辛》),所以诗人说,三千年(应是一千年)黄河才澄清一次,谁还能够等得着呢?于是笔锋一转,不无揶揄地说:既然如此,就不劳驾您预告这种好消息了!换句话说,黄河很难澄清,朝廷上的乌烟瘴气同样也是改变不了的。这是对唐王朝表示绝望的话。此后,罗隐果真回到家乡杭州,在钱镠幕下做官,再不到长安考试了。
这首诗艺术上值得称道的有两点:第一,诗人拿黄河来讽喻科举制度,这构思就很巧妙;其次,句句紧扣黄河,而又句句别有所指,手法也颇为高明。诗人对唐王朝科举制度的揭露,痛快淋漓,切中要害,很有代表性。诗中语气激烈,曾有人说它是“失之大怒,其词躁”(见刘铁冷《作诗百法》),即不够“温柔敦厚”。这是没有理解罗隐当时的心情才作的“中庸之论”。
(刘逸生)
水声何忍到扬州。乾坤有意终难会,黎庶无情岂自由。
应笑秦皇用心错,谩驱神鬼海东头。
Leinihemen off jade plate. Red should throw hate, think about fairy-kuei unwarranted.
Jin Lin Cheng-end of his life things, but was idlers the fishing rod.
Red tears when a couch. Polish should only be labor Ying Carpenter, Gao Huang Qin wrong end of fear doctors.
Sentimental Journey seventy thirty today, from Qihuang unknown.
Jiuquan should love only people. He spit in the remaining text Chao Feng, Luan old tree to spring habitat.
En deep turn from difficult to report, sun_set_ shortness tear stained towel.
Only knowledge savage mountains. Fan Li was cast early golden glory, crying Pingjin spin fishing news.
Jiuyou rare epic proportions when, looking back empty city Baicao spring.
Fuzhou Yi Ying pennant to do with the line. The hands of God and the technique easily intimidated, print color as the bag of gold around his waist.
Xun Yong Sheng Junior Prefect should laugh Yan Taiwan temples cream.
Wind will Weiwenwuku Ou. Long said early military forces coincide, Jia also went out in recent mass concept.
Xie Yi drunk Notes pursuant to the foregoing, another free fall of resistance talk.
乍睹升平眼渐开。顾我昔年悲玉石,怜君今日蕴风雷。
龙门盛事无因见,费尽黄金老隗台。
吟想冰光万里馀。漳浦病来情转薄,赤城吟苦意何如。
锦衣公子怜君在,十载兵戈从板舆。
Hi, good news has a high kill situation. Layers of mountains towering towards Zuoming, water, clear step by step, then Fei Liu.
Two fire knife suffer chaos, the snow line will be high spirits.
Hou decade trend dust resistance. After the speech disorder known to try to find Paul, a total of more hi idle repose.
See you Qishan Jing Ting-off, his military war bear sign frequency.
Itabashi-by-flags have been, how hard way the world actually floating bottle. Infantry Captain resigned Public House,
Juji general memory of the DPRK. Zuili Jiuyou also distinctly, illness, bad coming from Chennai rustling.
Falling into the shoe should be taken hairpin left, only now under the bureaucratic hangers.
Passengers unhappy news to Yao. Yeshu and re-frozen powder stick, with a crisp sweep burning pine needles court.
O pen a poem read it slowly and look, a flying piece of paper off.
Military style full-flag outside the city give a bonus. MG Financial drinkers boast no operator, Jian Lin is also the highest branches less.
Pearl Coral penholder Lu, Chen and Wang had a few poems.
May be more relevant to current events. Fish ashamed Han-Dong House speech, Hok Yong Zhou negative Kitayama complain.
But Jin Tingzhi surgery to see the old, and drove into seven classes.
祖龙算事浑乖角,将谓诗书活得人。
六国英雄漫多事,到头徐福是男儿。
Jane Yangyang Wen Shan state. Do not pour cups should be drunk shore, flowers near the journey to becoming like Fang.
Skyline to be the gift of money, bear habitat debris trapped name field.
别愁如疟避还来。安排贱迹无良策,裨补明时望重才。
一曲吴歌齐拍手,十年尘眼未曾开。
Miles Cang wavelength Ungrateful. Growing old getting to know the temporal thin, deep worry to only hope that glass.
Qi-Xiong heroes now lie and break the idler Tearful.