I am shut in with loneliness and grief.
Under the cold lamp, I brood on the past;
I am kept awake by a lost wildgoose.
...Roused at dawn from a misty dream,
I read, a year late, news from home –
And I remember the moon like smoke on the river
And a fisher-boat moored there, under my door.
【Writing in Vernacular Chinese】 住在旅馆中并无好的旅伴;
忧郁的心情恰似凝固一般。
对着寒灯回忆起故乡往事;
就象失群的孤雁警醒愁眠。
家乡太远归梦到破晓未成;
家书寄到旅馆已时隔一年。
我真羡慕门外沧江的烟月;
渔人船只就系在自家门前。
【Notes】 ①凝情:凝神沉思。悄然:忧伤的样子。
②断雁:孤雁。警:惊醒。
③湘江:泛指江。
【Review】 此诗写在旅馆热切思念家乡的情怀。诗人客居旅馆,无良朋为伴,孤独中为乡愁所苦。“远梦归侵晓,家书到隔年”极言乡关遥远,幽愁满怀。梦见自己回到家中,因路途遥远,梦醒时分天已大明,家书须隔年才能寄到旅馆,可见离家之远,表达出对家乡深沉的思念。最后两句似乎跳出了乡愁,艳羡门外沧江鱼船的清闲自在,其实是借他乡之物,更曲折地表达出诗人思乡之情。全诗层层推进,写景抒情都有独到之处。
The lone cloud rather, the Buddhist peace....
Once more, before crossing river and sea,
I face the great Emperor's mountain-tomb.
【Writing in Vernacular Chinese】 太平时有闲情逸兴,是无能之人;喜欢孤云悠闲,也喜欢和尚清静。
我想手擎旌麾,远去江海的吴兴;再登上乐游原,遥望太宗的昭陵。
【Notes】 1、清时句:意谓当这清平句为之时,自己所以有此闲情。
2、昭陵:唐太宗的陵墓。
【Review】 诗表达了作者想出守外郡为国出力,又不忍离京的忠君爱国之情。以登乐游原起兴,以望昭陵戛止。热爱祖国,追怀盛世之情自在,为国捐躯,抱负未能施展之意自见。简炼深刻,沉郁含蓄。
在唐人七绝中,也和在整个古典诗歌中一样,以赋、比二体写成的作品较多,兴而比或全属兴体的较少。杜牧这首诗采用了“托事于物”的兴体写法,称得上是一首“言在此而意在彼”、“言已尽而意有余”的名篇。
这首诗是作者于宣宗大中四年(850)将离长安到湖州(即吴兴,今浙江湖州市)任刺史时所作。乐游原在长安城南,地势高敞,可以眺望,是当时的游览胜地。
杜牧不但长于文学,而且具有政治、军事才能,渴望为国家作出贡献。当时他在京城里任吏部员外郎,投闲置散,无法展其抱负,因此请求出守外郡。对于这种被迫无所作为的环境,他当然是很不满意的。诗从安于现实写起,反言见意。武宗、宣宗时期,牛李党争正烈,宦官擅权,中央和藩镇及少数民族政权之间都有战斗,何尝算得上“清时”?诗的起句不但称其时为“清时”,而且进一步指出,既然如此,没有才能的自己,倒反而可以借此藏拙,这是很有意趣的。次句承上,点明“闲”与“静”就是上句所指之“味”。而以爱孤云之闲见自己之闲,爱和尚之静见自己之静,这就把闲静之味这样一种抽象的感情形象地显示了出来。
第三句一转。汉代制度,郡太守一车两幡。幡即旌麾之类。唐时刺史略等于汉之太守。这句是说,由于在京城抑郁无聊,所以想手持旌麾,远去江海。(湖州北面是太湖和长江,东南是东海,故到湖州可云去江海。)第四句再转。昭陵是唐太宗的陵墓,在长安西边醴泉县的九嵏山。古人离开京城,每每多所眷恋,如曹植诗:“顾瞻恋城阙,引领情内伤。”(《赠白马王彪》)杜甫诗:“无才日衰老,驻马望千门。”(《至德二载,自京金光门出。乾元初,有悲往事》)都是传诵人口之句。但此诗写登乐游原不望皇宫、城阙,也不望其他已故皇帝的陵墓,而独望昭陵,则是别有深意的。唐太宗是唐代、也是我国封建社会中杰出的皇帝。他建立了大唐帝国,文治武功,都很煊赫;而知人善任,惟贤是举,则是他获得成功的重要因素之一。诗人登高纵目,西望昭陵,就不能不想起当前国家衰败的局势,自己闲静的处境来,而深感生不逢时之可悲可叹了。诗句虽然只是以登乐游原起兴,说到望昭陵,戛然而止,不再多写一字,但其对祖国的热爱,对盛世的追怀,对自己无所施展的悲愤,无不包括在内。写得既深刻,又简炼;既沉郁,又含蓄,真所谓“称名也小,取类也大”。
(沈祖棻)
I have burnished the symbol of an ancient kingdom....
Except for a wind aiding General Zhou Yu,
Spring would have sealed both Qiao girls in CopperBird Palace.
【Writing in Vernacular Chinese】 断戟沉没泥沙中,六百年来竟未销熔;自己拿来磨洗,认出是赤壁之战所用。
假使当年东风不给周瑜的火攻计方便;大乔小乔就要被曹操锁闭在铜雀台中。
【Notes】 1、折戟沉沙:断了戟没入沙中;戟:一种武器。
2、东风:东吴以火攻攻打西面的曹营要借助东风。
3、周郎:周瑜,吴军统率。
4、二乔:吴国二美女,大乔嫁给吴国国君;小乔嫁给周瑜。
【Review】 这首咏史吊古诗,似是讥讽周瑜成功的侥幸。诗的开头二句,借物起兴,慨叹前朝人物事迹,后二句议论:赤壁大战,周瑜火攻,倘无东风,东吴早灭,二乔将被虏去,历史就要改观。诗的构思极为精巧,点染用功。
这首诗是作者经过赤壁(即今湖北省武昌县西南赤矶山)这个著名的古战场,有感于三国时代的英雄成败而写下的。诗以地名为题,实则是怀古咏史之作。
发生于汉献帝建安十三年(208)十月的赤壁之战,是对三国鼎立的历史形势起着决定性作用的一次重大战役。其结果是孙、刘联军击败了曹军,而三十四岁的孙吴军统帅周瑜,乃是这次战役中的头号风云人物。
诗篇开头借一件古物来兴起对前朝人物和事迹的慨叹。在那一次大战中遗留下来的一支折断了的铁戟,沉没在水底沙中,经过了六百多年,还没有被时光销蚀掉,现在被人发现了。经过自己一番磨洗,鉴定了它的确是赤壁战役的遗物,不禁引起了“怀古之幽情”。由这件小小的东西,诗人想到了汉末那个分裂动乱的时代,想到那次重大意义的战役,想到那一次生死搏斗中的主要人物。这前两句是写其兴感之由。
后两句是议论。在赤壁战役中,周瑜主要是用火攻战胜了数量上远远超过己方的敌人,而其能用火攻则是因为在决战的时刻,恰好刮起了强劲的东风,所以诗人评论这次战争成败的原因,只选择当时的胜利者—周郎和他倚以致胜的因素—东风来写,而且因为这次胜利的关键,最后不能不归到东风,所以又将东风放在更主要的地位上。但他并不从正面来描摹东风如何帮助周郎取得了胜利,却从反面落笔:假使这次东风不给周郎以方便,那么,胜败双方就要易位,历史形势将完全改观。因此,接着就写出假想中曹军胜利,孙、刘失败之后的局面。但又不直接铺叙政治军事情势的变迁,而只间接地描绘两个东吴著名美女将要承受的命运。如果曹操成了胜利者,那么,大乔和小乔就必然要被抢去,关在铜雀台上,以供他享受了。(铜雀台在邺县,邺是曹操封魏王时魏国的都城,故地在今河北省临漳县西。)
后来的诗论家对于杜牧在这首诗中所发表的议论,也有一番议论。宋人许《彦周诗话》云:“杜牧之作《赤壁》诗,……意谓赤壁不能纵火,为曹公夺二乔置之铜雀台上也。孙氏霸业,系此一战。社稷存亡,生灵涂炭都不问,只恐被捉了二乔,可见措大不识好恶。”这一既浅薄而又粗暴的批评,曾经引起许多人的反对。如《四库提要》云:“(许)讥杜牧《赤壁》诗为不说社稷存亡,惟说二乔,不知大乔乃孙策妇,小乔为周瑜妇,二人入魏,即吴亡可知。此诗人不欲质言,故变其词耳。”这话说得很对。正因为这两位女子,并不是平常的人物,而是属于东吴统治阶级中最高阶层的贵妇人。大乔是东吴前国主孙策的夫人,当时国主孙权的亲嫂,小乔则是正在带领东吴全部水陆兵马和曹操决一死战的军事统帅周瑜的夫人。她们虽与这次战役并无关系,但她们的身分和地位,代表着东吴作为一个独立政治实体的尊严。东吴不亡,她们决不可能归于曹操;连她们都受到凌辱,则东吴社稷和生灵的遭遇也就可想而知了。所以诗人用“铜雀春深锁二乔”这样一句诗来描写在“东风不与周郎便”的情况之下,曹操胜利后的骄恣和东吴失败后的屈辱,正是极其有力的反跌,不独以美人衬托英雄,与上句周郎互相辉映,显得更有情致而已。
诗的创作必须用形象思维,而形象性的语言则是形象思维的直接现实。如果按照许那种意见,我们也可以将“铜雀春深锁二乔”改写成“国破人亡在此朝”,平仄、韵脚虽然无一不合,但一点诗味也没有了。用形象思维观察生活,别出心裁地反映生活,乃是诗的生命。杜牧在此诗里,通过“铜雀春深”这一富于形象性的诗句,即小见大,这正是他在艺术处理上独特的成功之处。
另外,有的诗论家也注意到了此诗过分强调东风的作用,又不从正面歌颂周瑜的胜利,却从反面假想其失败,如何文焕《历代诗话考索》云:“牧之之意,正谓幸而成功,几乎家国不保。”王尧衢《古唐诗合解》也说:“杜牧精于兵法,此诗似有不足周郎处。”这些看法,都是值得加以考虑的。杜牧有经邦济世之才,通晓政治军事,对当时中央与藩镇、汉族与吐蕃的斗争形势,有相当清楚的了解,并曾经向朝廷提出过一些有益的建议。如果说,孟轲在战国时代就已经知道“天时不如地利,地利不如人和”的原则,而杜牧却还把周瑜在赤壁战役中的巨大胜利,完全归之于偶然的东风,这是很难想象的。他之所以这样地写,恐怕用意还在于自负知兵,借史事以吐其胸中抑郁不平之气。其中也暗含有阮籍登广武战场时所发出的“时无英雄,使竖子成名”那种慨叹在内,不过出语非常隐约,不容易看出来罢了。
(沈祖棻)
As I moor in the shadow of a river-tavern,
Where girls, with no thought of a perished kingdom,
Gaily echo A Song of Courtyard Flowers.
【Writing in Vernacular Chinese】 烟雾弥漫秋水,月光笼罩白沙;小船夜泊秦淮,靠近岸边酒家。
歌女为人作乐,那知亡国之恨?她们在岸那边,还唱着后庭花。
【Notes】 1、秦淮:河名,源出江苏省溧水县,贯穿南京市。
2、商女:卖唱的歌女。
3、后庭花:歌曲名,南朝后主所作《玉树后庭花》,后人亡国之音。
【Review】 这首诗是即景感怀的,金陵曾是六朝都城,繁华一时。目睹如今的唐朝国势日衰,当权者昏庸荒淫,不免要重蹈六朝覆辙,无限感伤。首句写景,先竭力渲染水边夜色的清淡素雅;二句叙事,点明夜泊地点;三、四句感怀,由"近酒家"引出商女之歌,酒家多有歌妓,自然洒脱;由歌曲之靡靡,牵出"不知亡国恨",抨击豪绅权贵沉溺于声色,含蓄深沉;由"亡国恨"推出"后庭花"的曲调,借陈后主之尸,鞭笞权贵的荒淫,深刻犀利。
建康是六朝都城,秦淮河穿过城中流入长江,两岸酒家林立,是当时豪门贵族、官僚士大夫享乐游宴的场所。唐王朝的都城虽不在建康,然而秦淮河两岸的景象却一如既往。
有人说作诗“发句好尤难得”(严羽《沧浪诗话》)。这首诗中的第一句就是不同凡响的,那两个“笼”字就很引人注目。烟、水、月、沙四者,被两个“笼”字和谐地溶合在一起,绘成一幅极其淡雅的水边夜色。它是那么柔和幽静,而又隐含着微微浮动流走的意态,笔墨是那样轻淡,可那迷蒙冷寂的气氛又是那么浓。首句中的“月、水”,和第二句的“夜泊秦淮”是相关联的,所以读完第一句,再读“夜泊秦淮近酒家”,就显得很自然。但如果就诗人的活动来讲,该是先有“夜泊秦淮”,方能见到“烟笼寒水月笼沙”的景色,不过要真的掉过来一读,反而会觉得平板无味了。现在这种写法的好处是:首先它创造出一个很具有特色的环境气氛,给人以强烈的吸引力,造成先声夺人的艺术效果,这是很符合艺术表现的要求的。其次,一、二句这么处理,就很象一幅画的画面和题字的关系。平常人们欣赏一幅画,往往是先注目于那精彩的画面(这就犹如“烟笼寒水月笼沙”),然后再去看那边角的题字(这便是“夜泊秦淮”)。所以诗人这样写也是颇合人们艺术欣赏的习惯。
“夜泊秦淮近酒家”,看似平平,却很值得玩味。这句诗内里的逻辑关系是很强的。由于“夜泊秦淮”才“近酒家”。然而,前四个字又为上一句的景色点出时间、地点,使之更具有个性,更具有典型意义,同时也照应了诗题;后三个字又为下文打开了道路,由于“近酒家”,才引出“商女”、“亡国恨”、“后庭花”,也由此才触动了诗人的情怀。因此,从诗的发展和情感的抒发来看,这“近酒家”三个字,就象启动了闸门,那江河之水便汩汩而出,滔滔不绝。这七个字承上启下,网络全篇,诗人构思的细密、精巧,于此可见。
商女,是侍候他人的歌女。她们唱什么是由听者的趣味而定,可见诗说“商女不知亡国恨”,乃是一种曲笔,真正“不知亡国恨”的是那座中的欣赏者—封建贵族、官僚、豪绅。《后庭花》,即《玉树后庭花》,据说是南朝荒淫误国的陈后主所制的乐曲,这靡靡之音,早已使陈朝寿终正寝了。可是,如今又有人在这衰世之年,不以国事为怀,反用这种亡国之音来寻欢作乐,这怎能不使诗人产生历史又将重演的隐忧呢!“隔江”二字,承上“亡国恨”故事而来,指当年隋兵陈师江北,一江之隔的南朝小朝廷危在旦夕,而陈后主依然沉湎声色。“犹唱”二字,微妙而自然地把历史、现实和想象中的未来串成一线,意味深长。“商女不知亡国恨,隔江犹唱《后庭花》”,于婉曲轻利的风调之中,表现出辛辣的讽刺,深沉的悲痛,无限的感慨,堪称“绝唱”。这两句表达了较为清醒的封建知识分子对国事怀抱隐忧的心境,又反映了官僚贵族正以声色歌舞、纸醉金迷的生活来填补他们腐朽而空虚的灵魂,而这正是衰败的晚唐现实生活中两个不同侧面的写照。
(赵其钧)
And grasses in this river region not yet faded by autumn;
And clear in the moon on the Twenty-Four Bridges,
Girls white as jade are teaching flute-music.
【Writing in Vernacular Chinese】 青山隐隐起伏,江流千里迢迢。时令已过深秋,江南草木枯凋。
扬州二十四桥,月色格外娇娆。老友你在何处,听取美人吹箫?
【Notes】 1、迢迢:形容遥远。
2、玉人:指韩绰,含赞美之意。
【Review】 这是一首调笑诗。诗的首联是写江南秋景,说明怀念故人的背景,末联是借扬州二十四桥的典故,与友人韩绰调侃。意思是说你处在东南形胜的扬州,当此深秋之际,在何处教玉人吹箫取乐呢?意境优美,清丽俊爽,情趣盎然,千百年来,传诵不衰。
扬州之盛,唐世艳称,历代诗人为它留下了多少脍炙人口的诗篇。这首诗风调悠扬,意境优美,千百年来为人们传诵不衰。韩绰不知何人,杜牧集中赠他的诗共有两首,另一首是《哭韩绰》,看来两人友情甚笃。杜牧于大和七年至九年间(833—835)曾在淮南节度使牛僧孺幕中作推官,后来转为掌书记。这首诗当作于他离开江南以后。
首句从大处落墨,化出远景:青山逶迤,隐于天际,绿水如带,迢递不断。“隐隐”和“迢迢”这一对叠字,不但画出了山清水秀、绰约多姿的江南风貌,而且隐约暗示着诗人与友人之间山遥水长的空间距离,那抑扬的声调中仿佛还荡漾着诗人思念江南的似水柔情。欧阳修的《踏莎行》:“离愁渐远渐无穷,迢迢不断如春水”、“平芜尽处是青山,行人更在青山外”,正道出了杜牧这句诗的言外之意。此时虽然时令已过了深秋,江南的草木却还未凋落,风光依旧旖旎秀媚。正由于诗人不堪晚秋的萧条冷落,因而格外眷恋江南的青山绿水,越发怀念远在热闹繁花之乡的故人了。
江南佳景无数,诗人记忆中最美的印象则是在扬州“月明桥上看神仙”(张祜《纵游淮南》)的景致。岂不闻“天下三分明月夜,二分无赖是扬州”(徐凝《忆扬州》),更何况当地名胜二十四桥上还有神仙般的美人可看呢?二十四桥,一说扬州城里原有二十四座桥,一说即吴家砖桥,因古时有二十四位美人吹箫于桥上而得名。“玉人”,既可借以形容美丽洁白的女子,又可比喻风流俊美的才郎。从寄赠诗的作法及末句中的“教”字看来,此处玉人当指韩绰。元稹《莺莺传》“疑是玉人来”句可证中晚唐有以玉人喻才子的用法。诗人本是问候友人近况,却故意用玩笑的口吻与韩绰调侃,问他当此秋尽之时,每夜在何处教妓女歌吹取乐。这样,不但韩绰风流倜傥的才貌依稀可见,两人亲昵深厚的友情得以重温,而且调笑之中还微微流露了诗人对自己“十年一觉扬州梦,赢得青楼薄倖名”的感喟,从而使此诗平添了许多风韵。杜牧又长于将这类调笑寄寓在风调悠扬、清丽俊爽的画面之中,所以虽写艳情却并不流于轻薄。这首诗巧妙地把二十四美人吹箫于桥上的美丽传说与“月明桥上看神仙”的现实生活融合在一起,因而在客观上造成了“玉人”又是指歌妓舞女的恍惚印象,读之令人如见月光笼罩的二十四桥上,吹箫的美人披着银辉,宛若洁白光润的玉人,仿佛听到呜咽悠扬的箫声飘散在已凉未寒的江南秋夜,回荡在青山绿水之间。这样优美的境界早已远远超出了与朋友调笑的本意,它所唤起的联想不是风流才子的放荡生活,而是对江南风光的无限向往:秋尽之后尚且如此美丽,当其春意方浓之时又将如何迷人?这种内蕴的情趣,微妙的思绪,“可言不可言之间”的寄托,“可解不可解之会”的指归(见叶燮《原诗》),正是这首诗成功的奥秘。
(葛晓音)
For a lady so tiny as to dance on my palm,
I awake, after dreaming ten years in Yangzhou,
Known as fickle, even in the Street of Blue Houses.
【Writing in Vernacular Chinese】 飘泊江湖生活潦倒,常常载酒而行。放浪形骸沉溺美色,欣赏细腰轻盈。
十年扬州不堪回首,竟是一场春梦;留连青楼,只落得个薄情郎的声名。
【Notes】 1、落魄:漂泊。
2、楚腰:楚灵王好细腰的典故。这里均指扬州妓女。
3、青楼:指妓女居处。
【Review】 这是作者回忆昔日的放荡生涯,悔恨沉沦的诗。首句追叙扬州生活:寄人篱下。二句写放浪形骸,沉湎于酒色。以"楚王好细腰"和"赵飞燕体轻能为掌上舞 ",两个典故,形容扬州妓女之多之美和作者沉沦之深。三句写留连美色太久,十年冶游,于今方才省悟。四句写觉醒后的感伤,一生声名丧失殆尽,仅存青楼薄幸之名。自嘲自责,抑郁诙谐。
《全唐诗话》说,吴武陵看了杜牧这首诗,即以他的《阿房宫赋》向崔郾推荐,杜牧于是登第。
这首诗,是杜牧追忆在扬州当幕僚时那段生活的抒情之作。
诗的前两句是昔日扬州生活的回忆:潦倒江湖,以酒为伴;秦楼楚馆,美女娇娃,过着放浪形骸的浪漫生活。“楚腰纤细掌中轻”,运用了两个典故。楚腰,指美人的细腰。“楚灵王好细腰,而国中多饿人”(《韩非子·二柄》)。掌中轻,指汉成帝皇后赵飞燕,“体轻,能为掌上舞”(见《飞燕外传》)。从字面看,两个典故,都是夸赞扬州妓女之美,但仔细玩味“落魄”两字,可以看出,诗人很不满于自己沉沦下僚、寄人篱下的境遇,因而他对昔日放荡生涯的追忆,并没有一种惬意的感觉。为什么这样说呢?请看下面:“十年一觉扬州梦”,这是发自诗人内心的慨叹,好象很突兀,实则和上面二句诗意是连贯的。“十年”和“一觉”在一句中相对,给人以“很久”与“极快”的鲜明对比感,愈加显示出诗人感慨情绪之深。而这感慨又完全归结在“扬州梦”的“梦”字上:往日的放浪形骸,沉湎酒色;表面上的繁华热闹,骨子里的烦闷抑郁,是痛苦的回忆,又有醒悟后的感伤……这就是诗人所“遣”之“怀”。忽忽十年过去,那扬州往事不过是一场大梦而已。“赢得青楼薄倖名”—最后竟连自己曾经迷恋的青楼也责怪自己薄情负心!“赢得”二字,调侃之中含有辛酸、自嘲和悔恨的感情。这是进一步对“扬州梦”的否定,可是写得却是那样貌似轻松而又诙谐,实际上诗人的精神是很抑郁的。十年,在人的一生中不能算短暂,自己又干了些什么,留下了什么呢?这是带着苦痛吐露出来的诗句,非再三吟哦,不能体会出诗人那种意在言外的情绪。
前人论绝句尝谓:“多以第三句为主,而第四句发之”(胡震亨《唐音癸签》),杜牧这首绝句,可谓深得其中奥妙。这首七绝用追忆的方法入手,前两句叙事,后两句抒情。三、四两句固然是“遣怀”的本意,但首句“落魄江湖载酒行”却是所遣之怀的原因,不可轻轻放过。前人评论此诗完全着眼于作者“繁华梦醒,忏悔艳游”,是不全面的。诗人的“扬州梦”生活,是与他政治上不得志有关。因此这首诗除忏悔之意外,大有前尘恍惚如梦,不堪回首之意。
(唐永德)
Her little silk fan is for fireflies....
She lies watching her staircase cold in the moon,
And two stars parted by the River of Heaven.
【Writing in Vernacular Chinese】 秋夜,白色的烛光映着冷清的画屏;我手执绫罗小扇,轻盈地扑打流萤。
天街上的夜色,有如井水般地清凉;卧榻仰望星空,牵牛星正对织女星。
【Notes】 1、画屏:画有图案的屏风。
2、轻罗:柔软的丝织品。
3、流萤:飞动的萤火虫。
4、天阶:露天的石阶。
5、牵牛织女星:两个星座的名字。
【Review】 这是写失意宫女生活的孤寂幽怨。首句写秋景,用一"冷"字,暗示寒秋气氛,又衬出主人公内心的孤凄。二句写借扑萤以打发时光,排遣愁绪。三句写夜深仍不能眠,以待临幸,以天街如水,暗喻君情如冰。末句借羡慕牵牛织女,抒发心中悲苦。蘅塘退士评曰:"层层布景,是一幅着色人物画。只'卧看'两字,逗出情思,便通身灵动。"
这诗写一个失意宫女的孤独生活和凄凉心情。
前两句已经描绘出一幅深宫生活的图景。在一个秋天的晚上,白色的蜡烛发出微弱的光,给屏风上的图画添了几分暗淡而幽冷的色调。这时,一个孤单的宫女正用小扇扑打着飞来飞去的萤火虫。“轻罗小扇扑流萤”,这一句十分含蓄,其中含有三层意思:第一,古人说腐草化萤,虽然是不科学的,但萤总是生在草丛冢间那些荒凉的地方。如今,在宫女居住的庭院里竟然有流萤飞动,宫女生活的凄凉也就可想而知了。第二,从宫女扑萤的动作可以想见她的寂寞与无聊。她无事可做,只好以扑萤来消遣她那孤独的岁月。她用小扇扑打着流萤,一下一下地,似乎想驱赶包围着她的孤冷与索寞,但这又有什么用呢?第三,宫女手中拿的轻罗小扇具有象征意义,扇子本是夏天用来挥风取凉的,秋天就没用了,所以古诗里常以秋扇比喻弃妇。相传汉成帝妃班婕妤为赵飞燕所谮,失宠后住在长信宫,写了一首《怨歌行》:“新裂齐纨素,皎洁如霜雪。裁为合欢扇,团团似明月。出入君怀袖,动摇微风发。常恐秋节至,凉飙夺炎热。弃捐箧笥中,恩情中道绝。”此说未必可信,但后来诗词中出现团扇、秋扇,便常常和失宠的女子联系在一起了。如王昌龄的《长信秋词》:“奉帚平明金殿开,且将团扇共徘徊”,王建的《宫中调笑》:“团扇,团扇,美人病来遮面”,都是如此。杜牧这首诗中的“轻罗小扇”,也象征着持扇宫女被遗弃的命运。
第三句,“天阶夜色凉如水”。“天阶”指皇宫中的石阶。“夜色凉如水”暗示夜已深沉,寒意袭人,该进屋去睡了。可是宫女依旧坐在石阶上,仰视着天河两旁的牵牛星和织女星。民间传说,织女是天帝的孙女,嫁与牵牛,每年七夕渡河与他相会一次,有鹊为桥。汉代《古诗十九首》中的“迢迢牵牛星”,就是写他们的故事。宫女久久地眺望着牵牛织女,夜深了还不想睡,这是因为牵牛织女的故事触动了她的心,使她想起自己不幸的身世,也使她产生了对于真挚爱情的向往。可以说,满怀心事都在这举首仰望之中了。
梅圣俞说:“必能状难写之景如在目前,含不尽之意见于言外,然后为至矣。”(见《六一诗话》)这两句话恰好可以说明此诗在艺术上的特点。一、三句写景,把深宫秋夜的景物十分逼真地呈现在读者眼前。“冷”字,形容词当动词用,很有气氛。“凉如水”的比喻不仅有色感,而且有温度感。二、四两句写宫女,含蓄蕴藉,很耐人寻味。诗中虽没有一句抒情的话,但宫女那种哀怨与期望相交织的复杂感情见于言外,从一个侧面反映了封建时代妇女的悲惨命运。
(袁行霈)
The young spring-tip of a cardamon-spray.
On the Yangzhou Road for three miles in the breeze
Every pearl-screen is open. But there's no one like her.
【Writing in Vernacular Chinese】 姿态美好举止轻盈正是十三年华,活象二月初含苞待放一朵豆蔻花。
看遍扬州城十里长街的青春佳丽,卷起珠帘卖俏粉黛没有比得上她。
【Notes】 1、豆蔻句:喻处女,后因称十三四岁女子为豆蔻年华。
【Review】 这两首诗是诗人在大和九年(835),调任监察御史,离扬州赴长安是,与妓女分别之作。
第一首着重写其美丽,赞扬她是扬州歌女中美艳第一。首句描摹少女身姿体态,妙龄丰韵;二句以花喻人,写她娇小秀美;三、四两句,以星拱月,写扬州佳丽极多,唯她独俏。手法上强此弱彼,大有"除却巫山不是云"之概。语言精萃麻利,挥洒自如,情感真挚明朗,荡然肺腑。
文学艺术要不断求新,因陈袭旧是无出息的。即使形容取喻,也贵独到。从这个角度看看杜牧《赠别》,也不能不承认他做诗的“天才”。
此诗是诗人赠别一位相好的歌妓的,从同题另一首(“多情却似总无情”)看,彼此感情相当深挚。不过那一首诗重在“惜别”,这一首却重在赞颂对方的美丽,引起惜别之意。第一句就形容了一番:“娉娉袅袅”是身姿轻盈美好的样子,“十三余”则是女子的芳龄。七个字中既无一个人称,也不沾一个名词,却能给读者完整、鲜明生动的印象,使人如目睹那美丽的倩影。其效果不下于“翩若惊鸿,宛若游龙;荣耀秋菊,华茂春松”(曹植《洛神赋》)那样具体的描写。全诗正面描述女子美丽的只这一句。就这一句还避实就虚,其造句真算得空灵入妙。第二句不再写女子,转而写春花,显然是将花比女子。“豆蔻”产于南方,其花成穗时,嫩叶卷之而生,穗头深红,叶渐展开,花渐放出,颜色稍淡。南方人摘其含苞待放者,美其名曰“含胎花”,常用来比喻处女。而“二月初”的豆蔻花正是这种“含胎花”,用来比喻“十三余”的小歌女,是形象优美而又贴切的。而花在枝“梢头”,随风颤袅者,当尤为可爱。所以“豆蔻梢头”又暗自照应了“娉娉袅袅”四字。这里的比喻不仅语新,而且十分精妙,又似信手拈来,写出人似花美,花因人艳,说它新颖独到是不过分的。一切“如花似玉”、“倾国倾城”之类比喻形容,在这样的诗句面前都会黯然失色。而杜牧写到这里,似乎还是一个开始,他的才情尚未发挥尽致哩!
当时诗人正要离开扬州,“赠别”的对象就是他在幕僚失意生活中结识的一位扬州的歌妓。所以第三句写到“扬州路”。唐代的扬州经济文化繁荣,时有“扬一益(成都)二”之称。“春风”句意兴酣畅,渲染出大都会富丽豪华气派,使人如睹十里长街,车水马龙,花枝招展……。这里歌台舞榭密集,美女如云。“珠帘”是歌楼房栊设置,“卷上珠帘”则看得见“高楼红袖”。而扬州路上不知有多少珠帘,所有帘下不知有多少红衣翠袖的美人,但“卷上珠帘总不如”!不如谁?谁不如?诗中都未明说,含吐不露,但读者已完全能意会了。这里“卷上珠帘”四字用得很不平常,它不但使“总不如”的结论更形象,更有说服力;而且将扬州珠光宝气的繁华气象一并传出。诗用压低扬州所有美人来突出一人之美,有众星拱月的效果。《升庵诗话》云:“书生作文,务强此而弱彼,谓之‘尊题’。”杜牧此处的修辞就是“尊题格”。但由于前两句美妙的比喻,这里“强此弱彼”的写法显得自然入妙。
杜牧此诗,从意中人写到花,从花写到春城闹市,从闹市写到美人,最后又烘托出意中人。二十八字挥洒自如,游刃有余,真俊爽轻利之至。别情人不用一个“你(君、卿)”字;赞美人不用一个“女”字;甚至没有一个“花”字、“美”字,“不著一字”而能“尽得风流”。语言空灵清妙,贵有个性。
(周啸天)
How can it smile, at a farewell feast?
Even the candle, feeling our sadness,
Weeps, as we do, all night long.
【Writing in Vernacular Chinese】 聚首如胶似漆作别却象无情;只觉得酒筵上要笑笑不出声。
案头蜡烛有心它还依依惜别;你看它替我们流泪流到天明。
【Notes】 1、多情句:意谓多情者满腔情绪,一时无法表达,只能无言相对,倒象彼此无情。
2、樽:酒杯。
【Review】 第二首着重写惜别,描绘与她的筵席上难分难舍的情怀。首名写离筵之上压抑无语,似乎冷淡无情;次句以"笑不成"点明原非无情,而是郁悒感伤,实乃多情,回应首句。
这一首抒写诗人对妙龄歌女留恋惜别的心情。
齐、梁之间的江淹曾经把离别的感情概括为“黯然销魂”四字。但这种感情的表现,却因人因事的不同而千差万别,这种感情本身,也不是“悲”、“愁”二字所能了得。杜牧此诗不用“悲”、“愁”等字,却写得坦率、真挚,道出了离别时的真情实感。
诗人同所爱不忍分别,又不得不分别,感情是千头万绪的。“多情却似总无情”,明明多情,偏从“无情”着笔,著一“总”字,又加强了语气,带有浓厚的感情色彩。诗人爱得太深、太多情,以至使他觉得,无论用怎样的方法,都不足以表现出内心的多情。别筵上,凄然相对,象是彼此无情似的。越是多情,越显得无情,这种情人离别时最真切的感受,诗人把它写出来了。“唯觉樽前笑不成”,要写离别的悲苦,他又从“笑”字入手。一个“唯”字表明,诗人是多么想面对情人,举樽道别,强颜欢笑,使所爱欢欣!但因为感伤离别,却挤不出一丝笑容来。想笑是由于“多情”,“笑不成”是由于太多情,不忍离别而事与愿违。这种看似矛盾的情态描写,把诗人内心的真实感受,说得委婉尽致,极有情味。
题为“赠别”,当然是要表现人的惜别之情。然而诗人又撇开自己,去写告别宴上那燃烧的蜡烛,借物抒情。诗人带着极度感伤的心情去看周围的世界,于是眼中的一切也就都带上了感伤色彩。这就是刘勰所说的:“属采附声,亦与心而徘徊”(《文心雕龙·物色》)。“蜡烛”本是有烛芯的,所以说“蜡烛有心”;而在诗人的眼里烛芯却变成了“惜别”之心,把蜡烛拟人化了。在诗人的眼里,它那彻夜流溢的烛泪,就是在为男女主人的离别而伤心了。“替人垂泪到天明”,“替人”二字,使意思更深一层。“到天明”又点出了告别宴饮时间之长,这也是诗人不忍分离的一种表现。
诗人用精炼流畅、清爽俊逸的语言,表达了悱恻缠绵的情思,风流蕴藉,意境深远,余韵不尽。就诗而论,表现的感情还是很深沉、很真挚的。杜牧为人刚直有节,敢论列大事,却也不拘小节,好歌舞,风情颇张,本诗亦可见此意。
(张燕瑾)
Calm water, grasses unconcerned.
At sunset, when birds cry in the wind,
Petals are falling like a girl s robe long ago.
【Writing in Vernacular Chinese】 繁华往事,已随沉香烟尘飘荡无存;流水无情,野草却年年以碧绿迎春。
啼鸟悲鸣,傍晚随着东风声声传来;落花纷纷,恰似那坠楼的绿珠美人。
【Notes】 1、香尘:石崇为教练家中舞妓步法,以沉香屑铺象牙床上,使她们践踏,无迹者赐以珍珠。
2、坠楼人:指石崇爱妾绿珠,曾为石崇坠楼而死。
【Review】 这是一首即景生情诗。大概写诗人经过西晋富豪石崇的金谷园遗址而兴吊古情思。前句写金谷园昔日的繁华,今已不见;二句写人事虽非,风景不殊;三、四两句即景生情,听到啼鸟声声似在哀怨;看到落花满地,想起当年坠楼自尽的石崇爱妾绿珠。句句写景,层层深入,景中有人,景中寓情。写景意味隽永,抒情凄切哀婉。
金谷园故址在今河南洛阳西北,是西晋富豪石崇的别墅,繁荣华丽,极一时之盛。唐时园已荒废,成为供人凭吊的古迹。据《晋书·石崇传》记载:石崇有妓曰绿珠,美而艳。孙秀使人求之,不得,矫诏收崇。崇正宴于楼上,谓绿珠曰:“我今为尔得罪。”绿珠泣曰:“当效死于君前。”因自投于楼下而死。杜牧过金谷园,即景生情,写下了这首咏春吊古之作。
面对荒园,首先浮现在诗人脑海的是,金谷园繁华的往事,随着芳香的尘屑消散无踪。“繁华事散逐香尘”这一句蕴藏了多少感慨。王嘉《拾遗记》谓:“石季伦(崇)屑沉水之香如尘末,布象床上,使所爱者践之,无迹者赐以真珠。”此即石崇当年奢靡生活之一斑。“香尘”细微飘忽,去之迅速而无影无踪。金谷园的繁华,石崇的豪富,绿珠的香消玉殒,亦如香尘飘去,云烟过眼,不过一时而已。正如苏东坡诗云:“事如春梦了无痕”。可叹乎?亦可悲乎?还是观赏废园中的景色吧:“流水无情草自春”。水,指东南流经金谷园的金水。不管人世间的沧桑,流水照样潺湲,春草依然碧绿,它们对人事的种种变迁,似乎毫无感触。这是写景,更是写情,尤其是“草自春”的“自”字,与杜甫《蜀相》中“映阶碧草自春色”的“自”字用法相似。
傍晚,正当诗人对着流水和春草遐想的时候,忽然东风送来鸟儿的叫声。春日鸟鸣,本是令人心旷神怡的赏心乐事。但是此时—红日西斜,夜色将临;此地—荒芜的名园,再加上傍晚时分略带凉意的春风,在沉溺于吊古之情的诗人耳中,鸟鸣就显得凄哀悲切,如怨如慕,仿佛在表露今昔之感。日暮、东风、啼鸟,本是春天的一般景象,着一“怨”字,就蒙上了一层凄凉感伤的色彩。此时此刻,一片片惹人感伤的落花又映入诗人的眼帘。诗人把特定地点(金谷园)落花飘然下坠的形象,与曾在此处发生过的绿珠坠楼而死联想到一起,寄寓了无限情思。一个“犹”字渗透着诗人多少追念、怜惜之情!绿珠,作为权贵们的玩物,她为石崇而死是毫无价值的,但她的不能自主的命运不是同落花一样令人可怜么?诗人的这一联想,不仅是“坠楼”与“落花”外观上有可比之处,而且揭示了绿珠这个人和“花”在命运上有相通之处。比喻贴切自然,意味隽永。
一般怀古抒情的绝句,都是前两句写景,后两句抒情。这首诗则是句句写景,景中寓情,四句蝉联而下,浑然一体。
(唐永德)
Support generations of people, steps to San Juan.
St. Cloud followed by God, God is still with the sandwiches.
Deze discretion creatures, The Servicing smoked bone marrow.
Yak first ride Kei Mei, from dust Jimen.
Hu Bing kill Han-bing, dead full of Xianyang City.
Emperor Xuan hero walk, talk and laugh in any open.
[Tsung also. ]
Pan linked the two rivers, the ash is not the end Meng Mi.
No. elite place, Qi Cai Yan and Zhao Wei.
Cyclization miles Xinjiang, fight for a thing.
Krupp Sun inverse married, employed the East in the west.
Emergency heat with hand, foot, sing, such as house sign.
Since the legal system as, Rebun fight unauthorized to be.
Chi-order pressure bucket angle, painting houses long mate.
Department for the names on paper, sub-grant financial reward, said.
Cut open to find dry moat Han million, wind wall stacked thousands of pheasants.
Sun promise to pay the frail, the blood never ran side has.
Temple battle nine gods, the whole world to lose committee.
How to seven years, Khan Frequently Mailed with shame?
Han Peng longer life, the British Methodist are all ghosts.
Fierce door minions generation, Rang Rang such as child's play.
Japan called on Saint tired, cyberspace, will become who sent it?
Mita hundreds of thousands, often deter anxious dike.
Acute symptoms should go to the military, thick Fu-owned weapon.
Destroy a painting by law, and by any benefit.
Monte striped pole flow products, the quest for getting away from the relaxation.
Barbarians at the opening, Li Yuan more haggard.
Miao carry far Pacific, XIAORAN make trouble fee.
As Sadamoto the end of the unbridled romantic Profusion.
Extremely difficult to follow Thailand, Yuan and San emperor.
Yuan and San emperor, wise Tangwu on.
Mao Heights cover the palace, Feng Zhang Zhan curtains.
Wu Hung Travel pulling children, dream divination yung truth.
Ting Yun Bo go boom, a flat swing in Henan.
Following the early Changqing, Hebei finally put up strong.
Wives and bear children, the North Palace fight Dayton forehead.
Gulao ask children and grandchildren, students today are expected to Seoul.
Ru still stuck throat narrow, carrying power is not strong.
Tent to sit without Jones, swallow the boat drain sparse network.
Tim Sha Yuan Ji bone, blood up Hutuo waves.
Christians have only cloud symptoms, could I ask no status.
Day Five princes, Ben Wang, such as birds go.
Ladder to take the difficult days easier lost supination.
Cang However, Taihang Road, Jian Jian also Zhenmang.
Kansai cheap man, the oath Krupp cup meat soup.
Please click Krupp few things I heard who it was.
Sway Qian Kun Da, sun about to rise sun about to rise Sun and Moon.
Rebuke from the civil and military industry, can be excluded Hung Ming.
An area was closed, a long Miao Zheng Hu.
Qishi Li Barry, he is also true that war.
Often read actions, worry too drunk to wake up.
Tao shame Zhuangxin tongue, called http helpless sound.
Thanks for the Memories rhyme book talk, the burning of the left JIA.
Membership of the palace, a pet in the King Mausoleum. Mouzon ascended the throne, life for the Prince fall
Fu Farm, Prince Zhuang, Feng Zhang Wang. Zheng Note Allusion, falsely accused the prime minister want to
Those who have been, that the king is the root, the king cut waste by sin and fall due to give the hometown.
I have Jinling, a sense of the poor and old, whom poetry.
Jing Qing river slide, a girl as white as fat.
During the autumn by Du, Chu powder facilities do not work.
Old Mountain cast 濞 that, after the Court of thousands of eyebrows.
Held in autumn jade jade cup with ears drunk, and sing a burial suit.
[Advise you Mo Xi Yi Jin Lv, advise you have to cherish youth. Bloom off worthy
To be straight off, Mo broken branches to be empty with no flowers. Li Qi Long sing the words. ]
濞 white first rebellion, has red tears fall AIDS.
Wujiang sun_set_ crossing, Luk Yeung Chui Ba shore.
Contact garment see the Son of Heaven, hope ogle Yiyi alone.
Law Kam-hung curtain wall, mirror Pan Lian Jiao Chi.
Recognize the new darling of the low DW, Fu Rong Yi yao delicate.
White jade on the door, Gui Ying cool mixed.
Lu Jin-order the new weight, free blowing twist Purple Flute.
[Book of Jin: Pirates of the open grave Liangzhou Jun Zhang, Yu Xiao was purple. ]
Folder City Road, cranberry, Southview geese fly early.
Pink Habayashi battle flag of independence thanks to evil spirits.
Return to cook leopard child, can not eat to the crop-full-yee.
Salt pool rose at Chongqing, Hong sad Dongjak points.
LEIN after the car away, when things go falling.
Yan Mei was Prince, strong greenish ERSITY ERSITY.
Professor Fu painting Church Farm, Heaven holds pro baseball.
Contact cloth for carrying baby tiger-eye beads, gold plate rhino town deal.
Yang shot bear roots, Wu account get dumb babble.
Gradually throwing bamboo horse show, a little odd out of the chicken dance.
The whole brand-brand-wear crown, Shi Yan Zuo Yao Chi.
Forehead Yan pictures, Shenxiu Chaohui shot.
Tong foot dolls, Jiang Chong known self-deception.
Wang You-Mao soil cut, go home autumn release.
Gu fu fighting very edge, looking back is still slow.
Four North Korea three decades, a dream of non-re suspect.
Tongguan know the old officials, officials have silky hair.
They call Wujiang crossing, the boat people that know.
Return neighbors change, Mao Court grass Fifi.
Blood is not entirely clear, his back to know who to turn to.
Warm clothing a prime night by neighbors machine.
Jinling I had yesterday, heard of the Xu Xi.
Since ancient times, are consistent, changes in safety can be pushed.
Xiaji off between the two countries, to escape as Wu Chen Ji.
West under the Suzhou, a Ge Yi-by-owl.
Wei Bao prisoners Room Organization for Han Pacific base.
Misplaced on behalf of the membership, the two Koreas, respect mother Miriam.
Guangwu Shaogao Zu, the Department of Health and Tang children.
High Qi broken coral, yellow for the slave girl Mi Chung.
After Shaw to Yangzhou, the Turks as Hsiungnu.
Women's Solid uncertainty, hardly Scholastic period.
After the parent call the hook shot, fishing Weng King division.
No country to Mencius, it was destroyed Zhong Ni.
Qin for Zhu Keling, owned by the prime minister handle Adams.
Know that the Weiqi first, see the corpse off Ze.
Kick to the funeral Zhang generation, the highest temple Gallery Mindanao crisis.
Joel mink Aescin expensive, why not support me prisoner.
Su Wu was raw back, Deng finally died through hunger.
Propositions have unpredictable, capsized also their wish.
What to do things? Days outside the complex where the?
What is the catch that? What is the Chi foot?
What is the listening ear? What is the glimpse of projects?
Not since the dawn relies instead, in addition to any thinking.
By dumping a bottle of wine, for Du Qiushi title.
Worry to independence a long chant, chat can be self-Yi.
Season order in rows, past and present with the flying geese.
Gan Ying universally poor, and forty thousand to Luoyang.
I can see the southeast, the North may be calculated quiet shortage.
The nations in the painting a, corner angle spread all over the side.
Pressure does not point to the stubborn, distant days of old are not stiff.
Flexor millions of the world, too busy, such as thunder.
Life down inside, what is Peng War?
Promote the beam self finally saw, Ru Yi wide and long.
Flag Pavilion snow too, I question when the clay mother.
I love Li Shi Zhong, invited for invited for seven feet high.
Sapporo eight white feather bow thigh pressure Green Tan gun.
Before the wind, a little cross-array, sub Liangbang purple beard.
Tiger Huaixi million persons, not as angry.
Share the honor of Ci Yan Lin Tak Temple, ape super falcon swept wide pitch.
Three thousand ladies Cetou Kan, phase out pendant double row Tasui.
Flag pole Biaobiao Jing (Fire Hall) (Fire Hall), emotional cross-whip to the hometown.
Zhu Department who I love, the three Wu when the Central.
Strike sub-one hundred ares of rice, the West wind and a half yellow.
Can still live the village, Qiwei full granary warehouse.
Chui Ling burst forth after the former River Bi accommodating.
Xiao Yan from the mallard fog, the evening of the next cattle and sheep.
I want to drink uncles, social urn Seoul to try.
Peter percent of the children want to go, he is also a pot of paste.
Qian Liu dock under West, East street around the lotus pond.
Kindred by marriage homes, fireworks away from the sea.
Prefecture government such as water, Executive greedy like wolves.
Bi Zheng lose a cloud, Seoul, since survival.
My past made their rooms, instrument Luan Hok Cheung Yu.
Biliuhe on the cross to pay, bamboo bed mapping piano book.
No vulgar language out of the past, Yao, Shun Wu Tang.
Asked a small child today, who man-made leaders.
I said, holy emperor, Jin Ji Gang of public mention.
Hundreds of thousands of Union soldiers, with the sea is implicated Cang.
That the righteous cause of no small meaning of words, I like to take the easy exploration capsule volume.
Xi Jia Wu Bing fighting crossbow, Yi Mao Yan Ji Chi edge.
It turned out that three-_set_ where the battle-, car may not look the wall hook.
A cloud of this mountain, but something with Hu Qiang.
Rebels who attacked the country, if and fishing Lang.
Sinan weight back, a path out of repair Huang.
Seoul to thirteen years old, he died never forget.
Since often ask ourselves, God cried vast.
Censor Luo Chao points, lifting the toe where rampant.
Que under the Advisors industry, thanks to sparse non-article.
Search Monk bereavement dream, begging the wine slowly feeling of sadness.
Qi dollars for his wife, not to the mountain reservoirs.
Colored line of his life, willing to make Shun clothes.
Teach music in the Hebei, Lanzhi Hehuang bath.
Xingshan sprinkle swept away, fierce, busy movement are disclosed.
Strangers, but sleep eat, Shou Sang domain rich peasants.
Yin aim at the lone, self-will laugh absurd.
Jiang Ji County early rain, a good knife cut Autumn.
Pool into drinking alone, pro-Ju Zhi Xiang nose.
Show details for intoxicating intoxicated more singing peace songs, Rensheng emperor life no end.
Good song to start the membership of music. After the first year, the town of Xuancheng public move, re-_set_
Membership in the good in Xuancheng. After two years, and works for the state Division of Shen, a double
The DW is satisfied. After two years, and in Luoyang East Side, see a good weight, feeling old
Sad, so gifts of the poem.
Yu Zhang Shu-king, was more than thirteen.
Health Zhuo Feng Chui Mei, Ye Lin Dan with tarsal.
Shelf Heaven and a half, United Bristol virtual chapter River.
Jun sing here again, the Special Envoy of China feast shop.
My lord GU four, before surprised to waver.
Wu cited from baby like, Dihuai reflect a long train.
Can compete with double-Huan, after just Seira jacket.
Pan Pan down sleeve first, I heard young phoenix call.
Traditional string into the relevant New Zealand, Cyprus split round reed pipe.
Not by all the sounds, the curl thoroughfare through the clouds.
My lord again sigh, that made the world special.
The Ma Kam gifts, rhinoceros, deputy to comb the water.
Lonza to see autumn waves, the moon Tour East Lake.
Since then meet every three days, has been sparse.
With the full moon jade, Shu Yan state by the spring.
Purple-red lips becoming light and cloud-step switch to virtual Xu.
Banner banner suddenly the East, the complains with the stern bow of ship.
Cream fade House tree, Po River sand warm period.
Beyond the flesh of any dust, Zunqian very joyous.
_Set_ cents off floating in the air, such as the satirical Fu bully phase.
[Revision of work to try Renji Xian. ]
Appointment of Baguio Perry, _set_ to Ziyun car.
Sound of water far off hole, solitary shadow on the high laevis.
Seoul to not age, Goyang cleared only.
Los Angeles re-meet, Naonao as when clay.
Blame me bitter is going to be the white boy down?
No friends on this tour? No more unconventional?
Gate House wail, the Ectocarpus early autumn.
Inclined at hanging Cuiliu, cool corner of Block Health.
To make full of tears shed tears, a book talk tanka.
头圆筋骨紧,两眼明且光。
去年学官人,竹马绕四廊。
指挥群儿辈,意气何坚刚。
今年始读书,下口三五行。
随兄旦夕去,敛手整衣裳。
去岁冬至日,拜我立我旁。
祝尔愿尔贵,仍且寿命长。
今年我江外,今日生一阳。
忆尔不可见,祝尔倾一觞。
阳德比君子,初生甚微茫。
排阴出九地,万物随开张。
一似小儿学,日就复月将。
勤勤不自已,二十能文章。
仕宦至公相,致君作尧汤。
我家公相家,剑佩尝丁当。
旧第开朱门,长安城中央。
第中无一物,万卷书满堂。
家集二百编,上下驰皇王。
多是抚州写,今来五纪强。
尚可与尔读,助尔为贤良。
经书括根本,史书阅兴亡。
高摘屈宋艳,浓薰班马香。
李杜泛浩浩,韩柳摩苍苍。
近者四君子,与古争强梁。
愿尔一祝后,读书日日忙。
一日读十纸,一月读一箱。
朝廷用文治,大开官职场。
愿尔出门去,取官如驱羊。
吾兄苦好古,学问不可量。
昼居府中治,夜归书满床。
后贵有金玉,必不为汝藏。
崔昭生崔芸,李兼生窟郎。
堆钱一百屋,破散何披猖。
今虽未即死,饿冻几欲僵。
参军与县尉,尘土惊劻襄。
一语不中治,笞棰身满疮。
官罢得丝发,好买百树桑。
税钱未输足,得米不敢尝。
愿尔闻我语,欢喜入心肠。
大明帝宫阙,杜曲我池塘。
我若自潦倒,看汝争翱翔。
总语诸小道,此诗不可忘。
Nine underground submarine body, turn on the blue sky go.
Universal mirror the clear, thousands of government clouds thread.
The public and private leisure travel day recovery phase Kivu.
It turned out that bring disaster roots, branches and leaves potential Zi Mang.
Summer nine April days, if the word commandment.
Gale drive earthquakes, flooding mine hunting fierce rain.
Night in the main hall stage, pulling the millennium tree.
Wujun not save vision, two mighty fierce day.
Manage Compass handles, opening and closing days of opportunities.
Sensen Ming court with disabilities, reduce shrinkage through the wall of mice.
Odd Section negative his life, once the prisoner as slaves.
The party named as indium, like track who told?
Du Li, punish non-hi, hard dare to dread Kum clamp.
When the autumn months when, at the value of said Gengwu.
Xuan Xuan are rumors phase board tomorrow morning note.
To the tripod with the and, the official classes each one runs.
And Ding care for words, I die to know the premises.
When the split-ting Bull, back legislation to be Ding Zu.
Jun Xiao at the door open, Zhe Wang Xia cloth case.
Yan Ya thousands of official capacity, Bo Yu I tired anger.
Lu will be an appropriate fate yesterday of the transfer were wrong.
[In addition to Lu Fang Zhao Dan disciplines. ]
Tomorrow edict, the disgrace to the exclusion Minamiarai.
Gordon Qingni Night Osaka, fall injury left shares.
Wife is still sick bed, little children in early weaning.
You-Ze Lan Si Chu, Xiang Nagisa sings hate water.
Huang Huang Sanlv soul, long one through the ages.
Second winter lost its fierce, Huan Khan to open soup Kwu.
Sage should perish, yet the heap block slander people.
I was after four years, the main Advisors things out.
For snow injustice often secluded, in a make up time.
Zhang Qi worship difficult, more fear of thin bile.
How vindictive cow, actually for Yan Huang Tu.
This issue tears AIDS pen, on behalf of the cast Xiang Fu.
Yu-wide forum posts software, and operator of high color Emirates Emirates.
Not love things Gengjia, no raja music dry.
More than forty years, the Ultra for the wanderer.
Element and five-year-old, off on the quiet Wei Zhou.
You-Wei and more heroes, emotional phase remain flooded.
Liu Ji Lu would like to kneel, Tian Xing Jian chips please.
Arch scholars in both hands, but turned around and laughed.
Since then, more to go south, look for mountain into the Rover.
Willing to learn the elixir of rough idea on anything anymore.
But the children on top, the rustling Yuen Fat smoke.
Officials for the eight items I, Luo in the case of prisoners.
Neglected by scholars in Hebei, excluded if the climb buildings.
Whisk couch to sit with them, ten Japanese endlessly.
Star of this shiny, archaeological cold whiz.
Disorder in the basic excavation and spreading phase led hooks.
Wu Chun matter how strong, arts and how cool lake.
Yen Hui holding ZU beans, Xiang Yu Wang spears.
Clouds around the hair, high waves open throat.
But can sense ghosts and spirits, could I pay for the offer.
Well into the emperor dream, carved like to Seoul requirements.
Wu Hu will go to, like floating sea boat.
Text presented to Shu MA, Hu, deputy of the fishnet fur.
Preserves the wine contains three measures, the eastern outskirts of thick yellow leaves.
I am grateful to have cried the king to sing singing remuneration.
Songshan thousand feet high, Los water future generations.
Past can not be asked, the world air leisurely.
Han Yan four years, thirty Daizong weeks.
Two or three in the left block, eighty-nine Takaoka.
I, in life, why many woes.
Songs bring solutions to tie down, letter of non for us the flow.
Bridge to the Wu Road, Jiuqi boast wine beauty.
This friend is easier lost dismount, singing King and drunk.
Jun bud Caineng read, hundreds of hands in the city base.
Space Mountain three decades, deer fur hung windows to sleep.
Since the words Longxi public, and floated my friends.
Give the wine is Wu Men, at the present King and play.
Three hundred pounds hanging bow, bag book tens of thousands of paper.
Thief or thieves war fighting for the officials shall be officials.
Do all of my free, but the instigation of the public.
I said Longxi public, watching a large gentleman.
CHANG Si-lun group material, a rule for the country.
See for example Carpenter wood, neither abandoned eyesore.
Big Ten surrounded by thick, while the small thin one finger.
Wedge chunks and pillars, Shi Jie You bit.
Suddenly vertical hall, a wave of legislation could cause.
I Yi He is who is subject to the public en discipline.
Often made by scholars in the residual Krupp as hog dogs.
Often hate empty hands, not a horse text.
Longxi today by the public, such as Liang Chi Fu Fu.
Material non-public provincial governor, when the gallery to take a rock.
Quebec scholars in odd position, will show his life blog.
Wu Rao Fengguang, Tsui Yan over Temple.
PROCEEDINGS PROCEEDINGS sparse autumn smoke, drinking alone thinking his life.
The book asked for the enemy, to forget the last batch of paper?
Recalling the public or the name, as that is haggard.
相舍嚣譊中,吾过何由鲜。
楚南饶风烟,湘岸苦萦宛。
山密夕阳多,人稀芳草远。
青梅繁枝低,斑笋新梢短。
莫哭葬鱼人,酒醒且眠饭。
By virtue of the people of Han Emperor Wen, Zhou Xuan Wang sideways monasticism.
Hang the nest to make incense stifles Seikei, Propriety all relaxation.
When the pen paternity Ho Shou, white banner hanging Hehuang precursor.
River Daze isolated city, fireworks were slightly sparse.
Resentment To whom language, worry about the resentment can not be held.
No emperor Ren Sheng, Ren Yin as to Teachers.
References to said fixture, big or small all facilities.
Ming Court opened wide open, only by the custodial Jun-dimensional.
Such as Sun Moon Hengsheng, if the happy couple luxuriantly.
Personnel from the rot, the discard has its appropriate.
Beilu bad Pavilion barrier, smell Tuen Trinidad division.
Implicated in long puzzled glimpse of his next Pirates of fear.
Chen is indeed a long policy, he may Xu lashes.
If you would call a meeting, carnivorous sleep the skin.
Temple Sinai something slightly non-Seoul Seoul known.
Language has always been leaps, long as caught up machine.
La Yupo line of business, not later than the wine together.
Warm climate and want the spring, dumping a goblet between urn.
Texas backwater, the more value with Jiang Yu.
Yong Qiu a brown, small window invasion bamboo dock.
Turbid mash color strict ancient white belly bottle vase.
Intoxicated intoxicated world wide, Huang Huang Wu Ji Liu.
But for the appropriate disposition, not at the possession of scales birds.
I, ten thousand North Korea, Zhao Zhao drunk to go.
Yi Yi Yu first financial, Yan Ning decadent crack suddenly.
May hold those warm sleep intoxicated, wind thread, and weakness.
Mallard bath up bark, young Johnson Village power power.
U.S. tower sun_set_, smoke decorated terraced rice paddies.
Green ancient Jin Lian far, Run moss base product release.
That the Han Tomb of the people what to make Jiang Ting passengers.
Inability to _set_ pen concept, holding the painting to raise ashamed.
Even pursue any bridle free, every secluded fruit was appropriate.
Monk words light as clouds, dust and things worthy of fan organizations.
Heritage few generations? How can I interest.
Oblique comb-shaped comb Qiang, a good wave winding winding states.
Can be dyed red in early Xu, Minghe Dan as sweeping.
Ze Bird wide late, hungry village people language early.
Silk worms spread more exposed, wind Po Yan young and old.
Autumn Thoughts high whinny, unhappy customers long curl.
By Huai-Jing Luo, the official all He Qi grass.
Even holding Jinliang Wu, Hong Chung dispute claims.
Xuan Ju will be found a few secret security to consider.
Villain lack of fragrance, from top to bottom will be what prayer.
Only gentlemen heart, were excluded to know quiet hold.
Qi grass: as a hasty one.