Her name is the name of her village hygiene,
She is a child bride,
Dayanhe is my nanny.
I am a landlord's son;
Also eat Dayanhe milk and grow up to
Dayanhe son.
Dayanhe to raise me and raising her family,
And I, eat your milk has been brought up, and
Dayanhe ah, my nanny.
Dayanhe, today I saw the snow reminds me of you:
Crimping your snow-covered graves of grass,
Closing of your former residence Yantou the dead Wafi,
You are a pawn of ten feet square garden,
Your moss in front of a long stone bench,
Dayanhe, today I saw the snow reminds me of you.
Heavy hand with you you put me in his arms, stroking me;
After you _set_ the stage juh,
You shoot to the apron of the charcoal, the
You taste the food cooked, the
In black sauce you put into the black bowl on the table, the
You make good sons of the mountain of thorns torn clothes, the
The children were machete in your hand chopped the wrap, the
The man in your child's lice on their shirts after the dolphin's strangled,
You picked up today after the first one egg,
Heavy hand with you you put me in his arms, stroking me.
I am a landlord's son,
I eat you Dayanhe milk after
I was angry with me leading back to his parents home.
Ah, big weir river, why do you cry?
I did parents' home with me a new customer!
I touched the red paint carved furniture,
My parents sleep in bed feeling the gold pattern,
I stare at the Yantou I do not recognize the "Family Fun and Syria," the plaque,
I put on new clothes feeling of silk and shell buttons,
I looked at his mother's arms are not familiar with the sister,
I sat painted bowl of fire safety kang stool,
I ate the rice has tripled grind rice,
But, I was so self-conscious anxiety! I
I did parents' home with me a new customer.
Dayanhe, to make a living,
She shed her milk, the
She began to hold me in his arms with the labor of;
She smiled his mouth, wash our clothes,
Her mouth smiled, carrying basket to the edge of the village pond to freeze,
Her mouth to laugh, cut the cord stained note radish,
Her mouth smiled, hand dig the pigs eat wheat bad,
She smiled his mouth, violently stew stove fire,
She smiled his mouth, back to square up a group Kei,
Drying soybeans and wheat are good,
Dayanhe, to make a living,
She shed her milk, the
She would hold me in his arms with the labor of.
Dayan River, in love with her nursing infant;
In the New Year in, for him, busily cutting sugar meter that winter,
To him, often quietly went to the village side of her house,
To him, went to her calls out "Mom"
Dayanhe, he painted bright red and green Kuan
Posted on the kitchen side of the wall,
Dayanhe, would boast of her neighbors praised her nursing infant;
Dayanhe has made a dream can not say:
In the dream, she ate her nursing infant marriage wine,
Brilliant festoons of sitting in the classroom,
And her charming daughter kind of called her "mother"
............
Dayan River, in love with her suckling!
Dayan River, in the wake of her dream did not do when dead.
She died, not her suckling lateral,
When she died, her husband usually beaten for her tears,
Five sons, all of them crying very sad,
She died, gently call her name sucklings,
Dayan river, dead,
She died, not her suckling flanking.
Dayanhe, tearful go!
With a life of 40 years died Ling insult,
With the countless miserable slaves,
The coffin with the four dollars and a few bundles of straw,
A few feet with a rectangular coffin buried land
Single-handedly put the paper money with a gray,
Dayanhe, her tearful go.
This is Dayanhe do not know:
Her drunken husband had died,
Children made a big bandit,
The second died in the fire's smoke, the
Third, fourth, fifth
And landlords in the master's curse in the live sound of the day.
And I, I was written to give this unfair world spell.
When I returned after a long wandering native land, the
In the hillside, the fields on the
When the brothers met, is to close more than 67 years ago!
This, this is for you, quietly sleeping Dayanhe
Do not know ah!
Dayanhe! Today, you are in prison in infants,
Presented to you read a hymn,
Loess presented to you under the purple soul
Presented to you for straight forward to hug me in the hand,
Presented to kiss my lips,
Presented to your gentle face black mud color,
Presented to you raising my breasts,
Presented to your sons, my brothers,
Presented to all the earth,
I Dayanhe like nanny and their son,
Love love presented to me as her own son like Dayan River.
Dayanhe,
I eat your milk and grow up to
Your son,
I respect you
Love you!
January 14, 1933, toward the snow
【Notes】 诗中“大堰河”的模特儿就是“大叶荷”。原来“大堰河”是“大叶荷”的谐音。艾青家乡浙江金华方音“大叶荷”与“大堰河”是一样的。距离艾青家的村庄——畈田蒋村约有五华里的地方有个叫做“大叶荷”的村庄。保姆大堰河的苦难经历正同祥林嫂那样,似乎连姓名都没有,以村庄的名字“大叶荷”替代为她的姓名。她出生于穷苦人家,自幼就被贩卖到畈田蒋村当蒋忠丕的童养媳。她在生了两个孩子以后,丈夫蒋忠丕死了,为生活所逼,又不得不改嫁给姜正兴为妻。因为她来自“大叶荷”村,于是村上的人都叫她为“大叶荷”。所以诗的开头写道:“她的名字就是生她的村庄的名字,她是童养媳……”初学此诗的中学生,往往以为“大堰河”是一条“河”的名字,拟人写法。这一点讲清楚,有利于理解课文的内容。
大堰河善良、勤劳、坚强,的确是个旧中国的农村妇女的典型。她饱受了“四十几年的人世生活的凌侮”,得到的是“数不尽的奴隶的凄苦”,但她心地善良,勤劳朴实,性格坚强。清早,搭好灶火,操劳饭食;深夜,缝补儿子们被荆棘扯破的衣服。有时还要包好“小儿被柴刀砍伤了的手”,掐死“夫儿们的衬衣上的虱子”。尽管要做的事很多,但仍要用“厚大的手掌把我抱在怀里,抚摸我”。她充满着对生活的希望和理想,“她含着笑”洗衣、涤莱,“她含着笑”喂猪、晒豆晒麦,不畏艰难困苦,辛勤劳动,表现了她的坚强性格。
大叶荷是怎么成为艾青的保姆呢?艾青出生于浙江省金华县的一个叫畈田蒋村的地主家庭。母亲叫楼仙筹,生艾青是难产,艾青三天三夜才从娘胎里出世。长辈们以为很不吉利,请算命先生占卜,说艾青在家要克死爹娘,便规定他对自己的父亲只能叫“叔叔”,对自己的母亲只能叫“婶婶”,不能叫“爸爸”、“妈妈”。艾青父母封建迷信意识很浓,为了避免“克死爹娘”,索性就把艾青扔了出去,寄养到十分贫苦的大叶荷家中。然而,贫苦到了极点的大叶荷,正象祥林嫂敢于砍土地庙的门槛那样,不信神鬼,不信算命先生,不因艾青受父母的歧视而对他冷淡,而是充满了对他真诚的热爱和希望:“在年节里,为了他,忙着切那冬米的糖”;“大堰河,把他画的大红大绿的关云长贴在灶边的墙上”;“在梦里,她吃着她的乳儿的婚酒,坐在辉煌的结彩的堂上,而她的娇美的媳妇亲切的叫她‘婆婆’,……大堰河,深爱她的乳儿!”
艾青长到五岁,父亲蒋忠樽叫他念书去了。这时,艾青便惜别了大叶荷。过惯了贫苦农民家庭生活的艾青,带着满身的尘土和泥浆回到自己家里,却再也过不惯地主家的生活。艾青刚离开大叶荷时,常常偷偷地跑回到大叶荷家里去;在自己家里,也喜欢同雇农、大叶荷的第三个儿子睡在一起。长大后的艾青,终于背叛了本阶级,坚定地站在贫苦农民的立场上,对哺育他的善良、勤劳、坚强的大叶荷表现了深厚的情谊和无限的敬仰。艾青后来回忆这段难忘的童年生活时说:“在‘大堰河’家里的五年,使我感染了农民的那种忧郁和伤感,使我对中国农民有了一种朦胧的初步印象。”
作者写确有其人的大叶荷,但却不被真人真事所局限。文艺作品中的人物和事件不是随手从生活中拈来的,也不是机械地照搬生活的现象,而是经过作者的辛勤劳动,从丰富的生活中加以概括提炼,创造了高于现实生活的艺术形象。大叶荷这样的人,在旧中国有千千万万,到处可见,遍地皆是,但“大堰河”这个艺术形象,却比生活中的千千万万的大叶荷般的人物更集中、更典型、更理想,所以当我们一读《大堰河——我的保姆》这首诗时,不仅感到真实可信,形象亲切,而且还受到了深刻的美的教育。
【Review】 诗人与他的保姆
诗人的同情是广阔的。
诗人的赞美也是广阔的。
诗人的目光注视着她——《大堰河——我的保姆》。在那个黑夜沉沉的世界里,诗人的目光诚挚而深沉,她,在诗人的目光里,清晰而明亮。
诗人让她的形象立于诗坛,立于中国人民面前,诗人也因此成为一颗耀眼的明星,闪烁在中国的天空。
她养育了诗人,也养育了诗人的诗——她的遭遇,她的性格,她的品格,她的情操,她的举手投足,都成为诗人以及诗人的诗的营养。
也可以说,一个普通的女性,推出了一个伟大的诗人。
而这首诗发表时,诗人还坐在监狱的铁窗之下,那目光仍在注视着故乡的那片土地。这首诗的成功,这首诗在诗坛产生的巨大影响,诗人似乎并没有太去注意,诗人还沉浸在对“大堰河”——自己的养母的怀念之中,还沉浸在对中国妇女命运的关注之中……
诗人写了这首诗,完成了一种心愿。而正是这心愿,是促使诗人写这首诗的动力——有感而发,自然天成。
她给诗人的印象太深刻了。在诗人对社会、人生、诗的种种思考之中,她突出地显现出来。出于对社会的责任,使诗人不能不写她;出于对真善美的执著追求,使诗人不能不写她;一种神圣的情感,使诗人不能不写她。诗人忠于时代,忠于历史,因而不能不写她。
诗人出生在中国农村的土地之上,长在“大堰河”的怀中。她的奶汁——她用她的血肉酿成的生命之泉,不仅养育了诗人和身体,也养育了诗人的感情。诗人的出生是艰难的,父母并不欢迎他出世,这个世界似乎也并不欢迎他出世。而养母“大堰河”把全部的爱给了他。当他到了上学的年龄,离开养母回到亲生父母身边的时候,他感到了父母的陌生,更感到了养母对他的重要。养母的奶汁,可以说注定了诗人一生的命运——正直、善良、纯朴,因而有了更多的艰难和坎坷……
事实证明,诗人写这首诗,是一次历史性的选择。这是诗人把握住了机遇,把握住了悟性,也是诗人把握住了对诗的理解和忠诚。
诗人与普通人一样,都有着自己的生活经历。诗人与普通人的不同,就在于诗人能把某种感觉变成艺术,变成诗。
无疑,现实生活为诗人提供了创作的基础。而《大堰河——我的保姆》能成为名篇,还在于诗人的杰出的表现能力。
这首诗采用了朴实的写法。因为这首诗要写的是朴实的人、朴实的事、朴实的感情。采用什么写法,是诗的基本素质决定的,诗人很明确这个道理,这首诗,也为人们做出了榜样。
这首诗,从头至尾,始终围绕着“我”与“她”的关系而写。从“我”所看到的、经历的、感觉的、想到的……来一层一层地写“她”。这样的构思很常见,而这首诗是优秀的代表。
抒情,是这首诗的血液。抒情性,是诗的本质之一。“我”对“她”的感情,在这首诗的行间起伏跌宕,催人泪下。这种感情是真实的,朴实的,来源于生活的积蓄。这种感情是生活酿制的酒,醇厚而浓烈。这是这首诗成功的基础之一。这种感情不是走马观花可以得到的,可以理解的。这种感情已成为诗人血肉的一部分,是诗人生命的一部分。因而诗人在抒情之中,抒的是血,而不是水。诗的抒情应该是血的抒情,才能感人至深,具有生命力。
而如何抒情呢?这首诗提供了成功的范例。
诗的抒情方式多种多样。这首诗的抒情有一个重要特色,那就是通过细节的描绘来抒情。
这首诗几乎处处有着准确而生动的细节。这些细节极富表现力,是诗人从生活体验中精心选择的结果。这表现出了诗人惊人的观察力和把握能力。而感情,就浓注于这些精采的细节之中。随便摘下几句,便能使人清晰地知道诗人是怎样通过细节的描绘来抒发情感的。
“你用你厚大的手掌把我抱在怀里,抚摸我;/在你搭好了灶火之后,/在你拍去了围裙上的炭灰之后,/在你尝到饭已煮熟了之后,/在你把乌黑的酱碗放到乌黑的桌子上之后,/在你补好了儿子们的为山腰荆棘扯破的衣服之后,/在你把小儿被柴刀砍伤了的手包好之后,/在你把夫儿们的衬衣上的虱子一颗颗的掐死之后,/在你拿起了今天的第一颗鸡蛋之后,/你用你厚大的手掌把我抱在怀里,抚摸我。”
这一系列的细节描写,把“大堰河”这一劳动妇女的朴实、辛劳以及对“我”的爱,极鲜明生动地呈现在读者面前。诗人扑捉和表现细节的能力是超群的。在诗人发表的第一首诗《会合》中,就显示了这种才能,而这首诗更是出类拔萃了。
这首诗还有一个重要特色,那就是大量的排比句的运用。诗人运用语言,是根据情绪的需要而设置的。这首诗大量的排比句的运用,就是情绪需要的结果。如:
“大堰河,含泪的去了!/同着四十几年的人世生活的凌侮,/同着数不尽的奴隶的凄苦,/同着四块钱的棺材和几束稻草,/同着几尺长方的埋棺材的土地,/同着一手把的纸钱的灰,/大堰河,她含泪的去了。”
艾青在他写的《诗论》中说:
“真、善、美,是统一在先进人类共同意志里的三种表现,诗必须是它们之间最好的联系。”
又说:
“我们的诗神是驾着纯金的三轮马车,在生活的旷野上驰骋的。
“那三个轮子,闪射着同等的光芒,以同样庄严的隆隆声震响着,就是真、善、美。”
《大堰河——我的保姆》,这首诗不仅是艾青的成名之作,而且奠定了艾青以后创作的总的取向。“真、善、美”,成为这总的取向中的重要基石。
《大堰河——我的保姆》于1934年在《春光》杂志上发表后,轰动了全国,也引起了不少著名人物的注目。茅盾第一个撰文赞扬。胡风也在论文《吹芦笛的诗人》中给予了高度评价。
胡风说:
“在这里有了一个用乳汁用母爱喂养别人的孩子,用劳力用忠诚服侍别人的农妇的形象,乳儿的作者用素朴的真实的语言对这形象呈诉了切切的爱心。在这里他提出了对于‘这不公道的世界’的诅咒,告白了他和被侮辱的兄弟们比以前‘更要亲密’。虽然全篇流着私情的温暖,但他和我们中间已没有了难越的限界了。”
(郭宝臣)
【赏析2】
这首诗写于1932年的冬日。当时的诗人因参加“左翼美术家联盟”被国民党逮捕,被关押在看守所中。据诗人自述,写这首诗时是在一个早晨,一个狭小的看守所窗口、一片茫茫的雪景触发了诗人对保姆的怀念,诗人激情澎湃地写下了这首诗。诗几经辗转,于1934年发表。诗人第一次使用了“艾青”这个笔名,并且一跃成为中国诗坛上的明星。
诗中的大堰河确有其人,其故事也都是真实的。也就是说,诗人完全按照事实,写出了诗人心中对保姆的真切感情。然而,这首诗又不是在写大堰河:她成了一个象征,大地的象征,一个中国土地上辛勤劳动者的象征,一个伟大母亲的象征。大堰河并没有名字,大堰河只是一个地名,是生她的地方。大堰河是普通的。她的生活中都是些平常普通的小事,那是她苦难生活的剪影。她的生活空间是有“枯死的瓦扉”的故居,是“被典押了的一丈平方的园地”,死后也只是“草盖的坟墓”。她的生活是“乌黑的酱碗”,是“为儿子缝补被荆棘扯破了的衣服”,是在冰冷的河里洗菜、切菜。她的儿子、丈夫都在她的照料下过着相对安稳的生活。在她死后,他们就失去了这些,他们在炮火中,在地主的臭骂声中活着。她的形象,同时也是那些和土地连在一起的劳动人民的形象。他们都植根在大地上,都有着劳动者的伟大品质。
大堰河并不是没有快乐,那快乐是伟大母亲的慈爱和对乳儿深深的爱。在劳累了一天之后,她从没有忘记来抱“我”,抚摸“我”,在“我”离开她时,她还在夸赞“我”,还想着“我”的结婚……大堰河同样爱着她的儿子和丈夫。她死时,他们都哭得很悲伤。大堰河,一个伟大的母亲形象。
全诗不押韵,各段的句数也不尽相同,但每段首尾呼应,各段之间有着强烈的内在联系;诗歌不追求诗的韵脚和行数,但排比的恰当运用,使诸多意象繁而不乱,统一和谐。这些使得诗歌流畅浅易,并且蕴蓄着丰富的内容。诗人善于从平凡的生活中提炼出典型的意象,以散文似的诗句谱写出强烈的节奏。诗歌具有一种奔放的气势,优美流畅的节奏,表达了诗人来不可遏、去不可止的感情,完美体现了艾青的自由诗体风格。
——《人一生要读的60篇诗歌》
Said to me:
"The North is sad."
Yes,
North is sad.
Blowing in from beyond the Great Wall
Desert wind,
Volume to have
North of the green life
And the time of the brilliant,
- A dull sallow,
Do nothing to cast a fog of sand;
Ji Ben day side and to the roar,
Brought terror
Crazy
Sweep over the earth
Desert wilderness
Freezing cold wind in October;
Village Yeah,
City Yeah,
Slopes ah,
River ah,
Piles of rubbish and neglected cemetery ah,
Are covered with earth tones of blue ... ...
Lonely pedestrians,
Overlooking the front upper body
Hands over her cheek,
In the sand
Suffering breathing,
Step by step
Struggling to move forward ... ...
Few ass
- That have sad eyes
And fatigue of the ear of the animal,
Borne more land
The weight of pain,
They are weary of the pace,
Bradycardia to tread
The North
Slender but lonely road ... ...
That river always already withered
River has been painted over the car removed,
North of the land and the people
In the Aches
That nourish the natural flow of life ah!
Dead trees
And low housing
Sparsely
Gloomily
Spread
Under the dark sky;
Heaven,
Can not see the sun,
Battalion of the geese that form only
Huangluan the wild geese,
Hit the black wings,
Call out their anxiety and grief,
Escape from this desolate region,
Fled to
Shade Bitian south to the ... ...
North is sad;
The thousands of miles of the Yellow River
Raging waves of the turbid,
To the majority of the North
Pour the disaster and misfortune;
The age of the weathered,
Bears
The majority of the north
Poverty and hunger ah.
I
- The tourists from the south,
North has love for this sad ah.
He could feel the wind
Air-conditioning and Such is Life,
I never had to curse;
I love this land of sorrow,
An expanse of desert,
Also caught my respect:
- I see
Our ancestors
To lead the flock,
Jia whistle blowing,
Immersed in the desert of the evening ... ...
We are marching in
Old
Loess layer of soft,
Buried the bones of our ancestors, ah,
- This land is their land reclamation,
For thousands of years
They were here
And to bring their fight to combat the natural phase,
To defend their land
Humiliation never once, *
They died
The land left to us -
I love this land of sorrow,
It's large and thin barren land,
Simple words brought us to
And the wide stance,
I believe: that words and gestures
Strong to live in the land,
Never perish;
I love this land of sorrow
The ancient land of ah,
This land brought up
I love it for the
The world's most difficult
With the most ancient race.
寒冷在封锁着中国呀……
风,
像一个太悲哀了的老妇
紧紧地跟随着
伸出寒冷的指爪
拉扯着行人的衣襟,
用着你土地一样古老的
一刻也不停地絮聒着……
那从林间出现的,
赶着马车的
你中国的农夫,
戴着皮帽,
冒着大雪
要到哪儿去呢?
告诉你
我也是农人的后裔——
由于你们的
刻满了痫苦的皱纹的脸
我能如此深深地
知道了
生活在草原上的人们的
岁月的艰辛。
而我
也并不比你们快乐啊
——躺在时间的河流上
苦难的浪涛
曾经几次把我吞没而又卷起——
流浪与监禁
已失去了我的青春的最可贵的日子,
我的生命
也像你们的生命
一样的憔悴呀。
雪落在中国的土地上,
寒冷在封锁着中国呀……
沿着雪夜的河流,
一盏小油灯在徐缓地移行,
那破烂的乌篷船里
映着灯光,垂着头
坐着的是谁呀?
——啊,你
蓬发垢面的小妇,
是不是
你的家
——那幸福与温暖的巢穴
已枝暴戾的敌人
烧毁了么?
是不是
也像这样的夜间,
失去了男人的保护,
在死亡的恐怖里
你已经受尽敌人刺刀的戏弄7
咳,就在如此寒冷的今夜
无数的
我们的年老的母亲,
就像异邦人
不知明天的车轮
要滚上怎样的路程?
——而且
中国的路
是如此的崎岖,
是如此的泥泞呀。
雪落在中国的土地上:
寒冷在封锁着中国呀……
那些被烽火所啮啃着的地域,
无数的,土地的垦植者
失去了他们所饲养的家畜
失去了他们把沃的田地
拥挤在
生活的绝望的污巷里;
饥谨的大地
伸向阴暗的天
伸出乞援的
颤抖着的两臂。
中国的痛苦与灾难
像这雪夜一样广阔而又漫长呀!
雪落在中国的土地上,
寒冷在封锁着中国呀……
中国,
我的在没有灯光的晚上
所写的无力的诗句
能给你些许的温暖么?
【Review】 这是艾青在抗战初期所写的名篇之一,当时作者离开故乡金华,到了武汉。
诗离不开比喻。诗人把自己比喻作鸟,这是自然而贴切的。鸟会唱歌,诗人也会唱歌。而且,即使喉咙嘶哑了也要唱歌。“嘶哑”一词,暗示诗人一直在满怀激情的唱歌。
诗也离不开形象。诗人用“被暴风雨所击打的土地”这样一行诗,概括地写出了当时战争正在进行,国土正在遭受蹂躏。于是,河流也满怀悲愤地汹涌澎湃着,风也被激怒了而无止息地吹刮着。如火如潮的抗战热情被形象地恰到好处地表现出来了。战争不仅有血与火,也有爱,幸福的憧憬和对未来的希望,因而诗中出现“无比温柔的黎明”形象。这就象是在严峻的画面上投入一道阳光,给人以充满希望的感受。
诗人是鸟,鸟和人一样都是要死的。然而,即使死了,连羽毛也愿化为祖国的泥土,滋润祖国的土地。这是何等深沉的爱。
然而诗人毕竟不是鸟,结尾两行,诗人自己发言了,满含着泪水发言了于是这满含着爱的泪水,就重如金石。这两行诗,也就成为被人久久传诵的警句。
【补充说明】艾青的这首诗,以及他同一时期写的《复活的土地》、《他起来了》等诗,标志着他创作中的一个飞跃。他从一个略带忧郁的吹芦笛诗人,变为歌唱中华民族觉醒和新生的“吹号者”。
抗日战争时期是中国新诗空前的发展时期,在灿若繁星的众多歌手中,艾青是出色的领唱者。
从黑暗的年代
从人类死亡之流的那边
震惊沉睡的山脉
若火轮飞旋于沙丘之上
太阳向我滚来……
——引自旧作《太阳》
一 我起来
我起来—
像一只困倦的野兽
受过伤的野兽
从狼藉着败叶的林薮
从冰泠的岩石上
挣扎了好久
支撑着上身
睁开眼睛
向天边寻觅……
我——
是一个
从遥远的山地
从未经开垦的山地
到这几千万人
用他们的手劳作着
用他们的嘴呼嚷着
用他们的脚走着的城市来的
旅客,
我的身上
酸痛的身上
深刻地留着
风雨的昨夜的
长途奔走的疲劳
但
我终于起来了
我打开窗
用囚犯第一次看见光明的眼
看见了黎明
——这真实的黎明啊
(远方
似乎传来了群众的歌声)
于是 我想到街上去
二 街上
早安呵
你站在十字街头
车辆过去时
举着白袖子的手的警察
早安呵
你来自城外的
挑着满箩绿色的菜贩
早安呵
你打扫着马路的
穿着红色背心的清道夫
早安呵
你提了篮子,第一个到菜场去的
棕色皮肤的年轻的主妇
我相信
昨夜
你们决不像我一样
被不停的风雨所追踪
被无止的恶梦所纠缠
你们都比我睡得好啊!
三 昨天
昨
我在世界上
用可怜的期望
喂养我的日子
像那些未亡人
披着麻缕
用可怜的回忆
喂养她们的日子一样
昨天
我把自己的国土
当做病院
——而我是患了难于医治的病的
没有哪一天
我不是用迟滞的眼睛
看着这国土的
没有边际的凄惨的生命……
没有哪一天
我不是用呆钝的耳朵
听着这国土的
没有止息的痛苦的呻吟
昨天
我把自己关在
精神的牢房里
四面是灰色的高墙
没有声音
我沿着高墙
走着又走着
我的灵魂
不论白日和黑夜
永远的唱着
一曲人类命运的悲歌
昨天
我曾狂奔在
阴暗而低沉的天幕下的
没有太阳的原野
流着温热的眼泪
哭泣我们的世纪
现在好了
一切都过去了
四 日出
太阳出来了……
当它来时……
城市从远方
用电力与钢铁召唤它
——引自旧作《太阳》
太阳
从远处的高层建筑
——那些水门汀与钢铁所砌成的山
和那成百的烟突
成千的电线杆子
成万的屋顶
所构成的
密丛的森林里
出来了……
在太平洋
在印度洋
在红海
在地中海
在我最初对世界怀着热望
而航行于无边蓝色的海水上的少年时代
我都曾看着美丽的日出
但此刻
在我所呼吸的城市
喷发着煤油的气息
柏油的气息
混杂的气息的城市
敞开着金属的胴体
矿石的胴体
电火的胴体的城市
宽阔地
承受黎明的爱抚的城市
我看见日出
比所有的日出更美丽
五 太阳之歌
是的
太阳比一切都美丽
比处女
比含露的花朵
比白雪
比蓝的海水
太阳是金红色的圆体
是发光的圆体
是在扩大着的圆体
惠特曼
从太阳得到启示
用海洋一样开阔的胸襟
写出海洋一样开阔的诗篇
凡谷
从太阳得到启示
用燃烧的笔
蘸着燃烧的颜色
画着农夫耕犁大地
画着向日葵
邓肯
从太阳得到启示
用崇高的姿态
披示给我们以自然的旋律
太阳
它更高了
它更亮了
它红得像血
太阳
它使我想起 法兰西 美利坚的革命
想起 博爱 平等 自由
想起 德谟克拉西
想起 《马赛曲》《国际歌》
想起 华盛顿 列宁 孙逸仙
和一切把人类从苦难里拯救出来的
人物的名字
是的
太阳是美的
且是永生的
六 太阳照在
初升的太阳
照在我们的头上
照在我们的久久地低垂着
不曾抬起过的头上
太阳照着我们的城市和村庄
照着我们的久久地住着
屈服在不正的权力下的城市和村庄
太阳照着我们的田野,河流和山峦
照着我们的从很久以来
到处都蠕动着痛苦的灵魂的
田野,河流和山峦……
今天
太阳的炫目的光芒
把我们从绝望的睡眠里刺醒了
也从那遮掩着无限痛苦的迷雾里
刺醒了我们的城市和村庄
也从那隐蔽着无边忧郁的烟雾里
刺醒了我们的田野,河流和山峦
我们仰起了沉重的头颅
从濡湿的地面
一致地
向高空呼嚷
“看我们
我们
笑得像太阳!”
七 在太阳下
“看我们
我们
笑得像太阳!”
那边
一个伤兵
支撑着木制的拐杖
沿着长长的墙壁
跨着宽阔的步伐
太阳照在他的脸上
照在他纯朴地笑着的脸上
他一步一步地走着
他不知道我在远处看着他
当他的披着绣有红十字的灰色衣服的
高大的身体
走近我的时候
这太阳下的真实的姿态
我觉得
比拿破仑的铜像更漂亮
太阳照在
城市的上空
街上的人
他们并不曾向我打招呼
但我向他们走去
我看着每一个从我身边走过的人
对他们
我不再感到陌生
太阳照着他们的脸
照着他们的
光洁的,年轻的脸
发皱的,年老的脸
红润的,少女的脸
善良的,老妇的脸
和那一切的
昨天还在惨愁着但今天却笑着的脸
他们都匆忙地
摆动着四肢
在太阳光下
来来去去地走着
——好像他们被同一的意欲所驱使似的
他们含着微笑的脸
也好像在一致地说着
“我们爱这日子
不是因为我们
看不见自己的苦难
不是因为我们
看不见饥饿与死亡
我们爱这日子
是因为这日子给我们
带来了灿烂的明天的
最可信的音讯。”
太阳光
闪烁在古旧的石桥上……
几个少女——
那些幸福的象征啊
背着募捐袋
在石桥上
在太阳下
唱着清新的歌
“我们是天使
健康而纯洁
我们的爱人
年轻而勇敢
有的骑战马
驰骋在旷野
有的驾飞机
飞翔在天空……”
(歌声中断了,她们在向行人募捐)
现在
她们又唱了
“他们上战场
奋勇杀敌人
我们在后方
慰劳与宣传
一天胜利了
欢聚在一堂……”
她们的歌声
是如此悠扬
太阳照着她们的
骄傲地突起的胸脯
和袒露着的两臂
和发出尊严的光辉的前额
她们的歌
飘到桥的那边去了……
太阳的光
泛滥在街上
浴在太阳光里的
街的那边
一群穿着被煤烟弄脏了的衣服的工人
扛抬着一架机器
——金属的棱角闪着白光
太阳照在
他们流汗的脸上
当他们每一步前进时
他们发出缓慢而沉洪的呼声
“杭——唷
杭——唷
我们是工人
工人最可怜
贫穷中诞生
劳动里成长
一年忙到头
为了吃与穿
吃又吃不饱
穿又穿不暖
杭——唷
杭——唷
自从八一三
敌人来进攻
工厂被炸掉
东西被抢光
几千万工友
饥饿与流亡
我们在后方
要加紧劳动
为国家生产
为抗战流汗
一天胜利了
生活才饱暖
杭——唷
杭——唷……”
他们带着不止的杭唷声
转弯了……
太阳光
泛滥在旷场上
旷场上
成千的穿草黄色制服的士兵
在操演
他们头上的钢盔
和枪上的刺刀
闪着白光
他们以严肃的静默
等待着
那及时的号令
现在
他们开步了
从那整齐的步伐声里
我听见
“一!二!三!四!
一!二!三!四!
我们是从田野来的
我们是从山村来的
我们生活在茅屋
我们呼吸在畜棚
我们耕犁着田地
敌人来到我们的家乡
我们的茅屋被烧掉
我们的牲口被吃光
我们的父母被杀死
我们的妻女被强奸
我们没有了镰刀与锄头
只有背上了子弹与枪炮
我们要用闪光的刺刀
抢回我们的田地
回到我们的家乡
消灭我们的敌人
敌人的脚踏到哪里
敌人的血流到哪里……
…………
一!二!三!四!
一!二!三!四
…………”
这真是何等的奇遇啊……
八 今天
今天
奔走在太阳的路上
我不再垂着头
把手插在裤袋里了
嘴也不再吹那寂寞的口哨
不看天边的流云
不彷徨在人行道
今天
在太阳照着的人群当中
我决不专心寻觅
那些像我自己一样惨愁的脸孔了
今天
太阳吻着我昨夜流过泪的脸颊
吻着我被人世间的丑恶厌倦了的眼睛
吻着我为正义喊哑了声音的嘴唇
吻着我这未老先衰的
啊!快要佝偻了的背脊
今天
我听见
太阳对我说
“向我来
从今天
你应该快乐些呵……”
于是
被这新生的日子所蛊惑
我欢喜清晨郊外的军号的悠远的声音
我欢喜拥挤在忙乱的人丛里
我欢喜从街头敲打过去的锣鼓的声音
我欢喜马戏班的演技
当我看见了那些原始的,粗暴的,健康的运动
我会深深地爱着它们
——像我深深地爱着太阳一样
今天
我感谢太阳
太阳召回了我的童年了
九 我向太阳
我奔驰
依旧乘着热情的轮子
太阳在我的头上
用不能再比这更强烈的光芒
燃灼着我的肉体
由于它的热力的鼓舞
我用嘶哑的声音
歌唱了:
“于是,我的心胸
被火焰之手撕开
陈腐的灵魂
搁弃的河畔……”
这时候
我对我所看见 所听见
感到了从未有过的宽怀与热爱
我甚至想在这光明的际会中死去……
1938年4月 武昌
【Review】 1938年4月,艾青从战火蔓延的北方回到武汉不久,以激越而丰厚的情感创作了长诗《向太阳》。由于这首诗所显示的作者对人生和艺术不断探求的精神,以及它达到的宽广的审美境界,半个多世纪以来,我国现代文学史和文学评论家一致把它誉为抗日战争时期重要的优秀诗篇。因为它不仅标志着艾青的创作道路迈向了一个新的高度,而且对我国诗歌创作的发展产生了广泛而深刻的影响。
《向太阳》长四百余行,是三十年代艾青最长的一首诗,由九个各自独立又前后呼应的章节组成。尽管在诗里出现了许多不同的场景和人物,但并不以叙事为主,作者仍然以他那朴素坦诚富有个性的抒情方式进行创作,自始至终以第一人称的“我”(也就是作者本人)的情感作为全诗的主线和命脉。武汉当时作为抗日民族解放战争的一个重镇,正轰轰烈烈地掀起保卫大武汉的群众性活动。艾青立即全身心地投入了这个显示着民族觉醒和战斗决心的现实世界。心中鼓荡着的激情和创作欲求,与现实结合的强度显然达到了燃烧的程度。于是诗人长期郁结于心的全部感情如一粒粒火种燃爆了起来:多少年来在漫长曲折的人生道路上奔波的疲累,痛苦的回忆,在受难中执着不渝的追求,便都随着诗人眼睛里涌出的热泪和心中沸腾的血液,一起喷发了出来。作为《向太阳》当年的一个虔诚而年少的读者,如今重读这首哺育过我心灵的诗,仍然激动不已,仍然能深切地体会到诗人当年创作这首长诗时的崇高而激越的情感。这或许就是艾略特所说的“历史意识又含有一种领悟,不但要理解过去的过去性,而且还要理解过去的现存性。”几十年来,在我国的诗坛上,有许多轰动一时的诗,往往不到几年就失去了它的“现存性”,这种短命的诗,多半是属于缺乏艺术真诚和功利性强的制作。最近十多年也出现了不少这类短期效应的诗作。《向太阳》所以能成为一首经得住历史严格删汰的诗,正是由于它能使当今的读者领悟到历史的现存性和深刻的人生启示。
诗人摘引了旧作《太阳》的六行诗当作这首长诗的序曲,常常为读者和文学评论者所忽略,但我以为它有着不容忽视的深远的含意。正是这首1937年春的《太阳》,作者预示了不久即将出现日出的魅人的景象:“使生命呼吸/使高树繁枝向它舞蹈/使河流带着狂歌奔向它去。”“当它来时,我听见/冬蛰的虫蛹转动于地下/群众在广场上高声说话……于是我的心胸被火焰之手撕开/陈腐的灵魂/搁弃在河畔/我乃有对于人类再生之确信。”《向太阳》正是赞美人类从苦难中再生的欢欣的,也可以说,艾青写的是他心中预言的太阳在中国冉冉升起时的感触。引自《太阳》的六行诗,使这首长诗的时空感和整个情节推向了一个深远的境界。作者当时不到而立之年,敢于触及这个空灵而永恒、有关人类命运的巨大主题,充分说明他在创作上的自信。而这种自信,缘于作者的强大的对现实世界的感受力。不论人生的体验,还是艺术的修养,当时,在作者生命内部都已孕育成为一种成熟的艺术创造的潜力。创作这类涉及人类永恒命运的诗,常常容易流于空泛和玄虚。或者采取另一种简便的途径,用论证性的逻辑语言构制成为一个眩目的理念的光圈。而《向太阳》作者的心态不是对现实肤浅的迎合,而是内心感情的延续和流露。从第一章《他起来》,作者就摒弃了陈旧的章法,使诗的情境直接地贴近和切入了读者的感觉世界,让读者与作者的感情得到交流,热忱的诗句有如饱含友情的声音向读者吐诉着:
“我起来——/……/挣扎了好久/支撑着上身/睁开眼睛/向天边寻觅/……/我的身上/酸痛的身上/深刻地留着/风雨的昨夜的/长途奔走的疲劳/……/我打开窗/用囚犯第一次看见光明的眼/看见了黎明/——这真实的黎明啊”。
这些发自胸腔的声音,既朴素又带有象征色彩的语言,没有任何渲染和夸张,痛苦已成为过去,平平实实的自白,更能使读者能从诗的冷凝的情境中感触到历史的沉重和浓浓的抒情气韵。生命内部残留的酸痛,只说明必须挣扎好久才能站立起来。这些谁都能真切理解的生理和心理的感觉都切切实实能引起读者许多联想和思考,因而使平实的诗句有了很大的张力和重力。事实上,这种交织着昨夜的伤痛和迎接黎明的生命甦醒时带泪的欢欣,绝不能认为只属于曾经是囚徒的诗人自己对人生的回顾。应当看作是一个为了拯救民族的危难和命运与千千万万祖国的儿女们奔走抗争的赤子的心声。我是如此感受这一节诗的。
第二章《街上》,诗人听到了远方群众的歌声,来到街上。他的面前出现了充满朝气的生活场景。但这一章基调明朗的诗并没有使前面一节诗的沉重感全部消失。昨夜的恶梦还不可能忘却。这不能不让人想到,灾难重重的人生对诗人的心灵的摧残是何等的深重啊!他即使已经走出个人的恶梦,来到了黎明的街上,但仍感到昨夜的创伤在身上隐隐作痛。在日出之前,他的心情还不可能顿然变得完全明朗起来。因此在第三章里,诗人又一次回顾了他的艰难的人生历程和自己祖国的悲惨的历史。诗人的心情是诚实的。他的沉郁的回忆正说明了一个被帝国主义宰割、遭受了多年屈辱的民族的觉醒和奋起战斗绝非是轻易的事情。艰难绝非只是回忆中的艰难,也是现实的精神负担。在第二、三章里,诗人这些真诚的为了忘却的自剖,曾被一些论者加以指摘,认为是个人的消极和忧郁。其实诗人所以痛苦的回顾过去,是为了心灵得到解脱,以便能大跨步地狂奔起来。第三章《昨天》今天读来,仍然能感悟到它的真实的份量。历史的创痛常常使几代人都感到了它的沉重的存在。我以为《向太阳》这类扛鼎之作,不是能以某种理论来界定它的内涵和得失的,恰恰相反,这类诗倒常常能检验一些理论的真实性以及它的价值。诗人有很长时间曾把自己的国土当作病院:
“没有哪一天/我不是用迟滞的眼睛/看着这国土的/没有边际的凄惨的生命……/没有哪一天/我不是用呆钝的耳朵/听着国土的/没有止息的痛苦的呻吟”。
在日出之前,他又一次地剖解自己的灵魂。为了真正能超越自己的过去,为了跨向一个新的创作高度,诗人首先得战胜自己。
“昨天/我把自己关在/精神的牢房里/四面是灰色的高墙/没有声音/……”
当诗人写下这样浸透了血泪的诗句之后,他的精神才有可能获得新生。让“一切都过去”,这是第四章最后一行诗。也只有写下这行诗,诗人才得以深深地喘口气。当我读到这一行难得的迎着日出的诗句,也感到无比的舒畅,为诗人精神得到了新生而庆幸。从黑夜到黎明到日出,在诗人的灵魂深处,也真正地经历了从黑暗到光明的全过程。这些深层的剖析心灵的诗行,在我国新诗的历史上是不多见的。
日出意味着一个新的时代的诞生。第四章写到了日出,这是一章处处闪着阳光的诗。日出唤起了诗人少年时代青春的旅程。他怀着最初对世界的热望,在无边的蓝色的海水上曾经看见过不少次美丽的日出。但此刻他看到的日出“比所有的日出更美丽”。因为这是他的多灾多难的祖国的日出。这美丽的日出,仿佛是他有生以来第一次看到的日出。
第五章命名为《太阳之歌》,光辉的太阳,使人类的历史和空间,出现了美丽无比的景象,诗人用浓浓的彩笔为我们画了一轮正在升起逐渐扩大光圈的有动态感的太阳,它不是一个静止的红色的圆体,它是一个蕴含着放射着无限启示的光辉的意象。太阳象征着人类最美的形象:伟大的革命和英雄人物,响亮的歌曲,如海洋一样开阔的诗篇,用燃烧的笔画的向日葵……“太阳比一切都美丽”。在这一章里,诗人的心胸,完全袒露向现实的世界和人类理想的境界,使诗的内涵,随着阳光的普照而得到了深远的拓展,为人间创造出一个以永生的太阳为理想的亲和世界。
在第六章和第七章里,诗人已完全超越了自身的一切痛苦的回忆,为我们展示出一片太阳光照之下的曾经蠕动着痛苦灵魂的大自然的美好景象,歌颂了受伤战士的高大的形象,“比拿破仑的铜像更漂亮”。歌颂了为战争奔走呼号背着募捐袋的少女,还有雄浑的工人的呼声,以及在泛滥着阳光的广场上操演的士兵。这些毫无阴影的人物和他们的行进的战斗的姿态,在艾青的诗里是第一次出现,艾青的创作天地仿佛也升起了明丽的太阳。第八章和第九章之中,诗人的心灵由于日出,由于有声有色的跃动的生活场面,而向过去苦痛而寂聊的生活最后告别:
“我不再垂着头/把手插在裤袋里了/嘴也不再吹那寂寞的口哨/不看天边的流云/不彷徨在人行道”。
诗人感谢太阳召回了他的童年。在最后两行诗里,诗人情不自禁地抒发出自己的真诚的感激:
“感到了从未有过的宽怀与热爱/我甚至想在这光明的际会中死去……”
这最后一行诗,曾受到了指摘,认为作者情绪消沉,损伤了这首诗。这一行诚挚的吐诉,并不能看作是消沉的。从当时艾青的欢欣和昂奋心态来看,他为了这企盼已久的光明的到来,是可以甘心地去献出自己的生命的。
重读艾青这首宏伟的长诗《向太阳》,使我感悟很深。过去有些论者,虽然也肯定了它在艺术上具有传统意义上的完美性典雅性,肯定了章法的严整,但又认为,诗人的灵魂虽然被骚动的现实生活惊醒,但仍然没有能抛弃掉个人的哀伤和痛苦,因而不能达到纯新的境界。我以为论者指摘的弱点和问题正是这首诗的命脉之所在。诗人不是抽象的存在,他是一个与苦难的中国命运相连的现实的人,在旧中国,一个自命为革命的人,如果没有忧患意识,他的真诚是值得怀疑的。诗人的忧伤和痛苦,正说明他与危难重重的民族血肉相连,忧伤和痛苦在诗人的心灵里一时没有消失的事实,证实诗人是真诚的,是一个热忱的爱国主义者,是一个切切实实为理想战斗着的人。诗人意识到他必须在现实斗争中不断地突破自己,他的情感世界和创作境界得到新的拓展。《向太阳》所以能强烈而持久地感动人,是由于一个多年为民族命运奔波受难的中国诗人为了崇高的理想,心神曾经受到了严重的摧残。为迎接日出,他终于从伤痛中站起来,他走向街头,他投入生活的行列,他放声歌唱。身上残存的创伤和精神上的忧郁,并没有使他灰心绝望,他忍着伤痛投入了战斗,他流着热泪赞美日出。这才是真挚的浸透了历史的真实感的声音。因此,《向太阳》这首诗又能给人以史诗的感觉,它不是理念的历史,是有血有泪的颤动着的历史。
(牛汉)
From the dark ages
Flow from the human side of death
Shocked sleepy mountains
If the fire wheel spinner in the sand dunes on
I rolled the sun to come ... ...
It is to conceal the light
The breath of life
The tall trees dancing to it Grateloupia
Poets toward the river with it to
When it arrived, I heard
Insect pupae hibernate in winter in the ground rotational
People talking loudly in the desert field
City from afar
Call it with power and steel
So my mind
Torn by the hands of the flame
Old soul
Put abandoned in the River
I have been convinced for human regeneration
【Review】 艾青说:“诗是人类向未来寄发的信息;诗给人类以朝向理想的勇气。”
这是诗美的一种本质,诗美在历史车轮前进的滚动中闪现出来,在新的事物与旧的事物的搏斗中闪现出来。
1937年春,诗人写下了《太阳》。
诗人是敏感的。不论是在狭窄的小屋里,还是在上海嘈杂的大街上,诗人的感觉伸展着,穿透了日常生活中的繁杂现象,也穿透了个人于生活中的喜怒哀乐,诗人感受到了一种气氛,这气氛具有一种恢宏的伟大的色彩,这气氛触动了诗人的心,使这颗心激动起来。
这一历史时期,中国处于大变革的较量中。一面是以国民党反动派为代表的一切旧的势力,以及外国侵略者的势力,要把中国推入黑暗之中;一方是革命者们与劳苦大众,要打碎旧世界,建立一个光明自由的新世界。在这激烈的较量尚未明朗之际,诗人已感到希望要来临了。
《太阳》概括了这一历史的态势。
在这首诗中,诗人以讴歌太阳,来讴歌这一伟大的时代,以诗人自己的情绪来感染读者的情绪,使人们都能感到一个新的时代就要诞生了。
无疑,太阳在这首诗中是一种象征。
这首诗不长,却写得恢宏大器。诗人是从三个方面入手,构成了这首诗。
第一,是写“太阳向我滚来”的气势。
“从远古的墓茔/从黑暗的年代/从人类死亡之流的那边/震惊沉睡的山脉/若火轮飞旋于沙丘之上/太阳向我滚来……”
这几句诗之所以气势磅礴,关键是“太阳向我滚来”一句,一下子在读者面前展开了恢宏的画面。而这一句中,关键的又是一个“滚”字,有了这一“滚”字,其气势一下子出来了。也可以说这一“滚”字,是全诗的诗眼,其他诗句,不仅是围绕着这一“滚”字展开,而且这一“滚”字也使其他诗句生辉了。这一“滚”字用得好!前面几句,都是为“太阳向我滚来”这一句服务的。而这几句诗,又都有一种暗喻。“太阳”是从历史的远处滚来,不管这漫长的历史多么黑暗,又多么艰难,“太阳”以它不可阻挡的气势,光亮亮地滚来了。诗人在这里指明,历史是不可阻挡的,光明的到来是必然的。
第二,诗人写太阳来了之后的巨大影响。
“它以难遮掩的光芒/使生命呼吸/使高树繁枝向它舞蹈/使河流带着狂歌奔向它去//当它来时,我听见/冬蛰的虫蛹转动于地下/群众在旷场上高声说话/城市从远方/用电力与钢铁召唤它”。
这里诗人要告诉读者的是,太阳来后,大地上的万物都在复苏,充满了一派生气。这种万物复苏的景象本来可以写出许多,但诗人惜墨如金,只几句,就把这复苏的景象描绘出来了。“生命”“高树”“河流”“虫蛹”“群众”“城市”。一句一种形态,构成了丰富的画面。
第三,诗人转向了写自己,写自己的太阳来了之后的心情。这几句也写得别具一格,惊心动魄:
“于是我的心胸/被火焰之手撕开/陈腐的灵魂/搁弃在河畔/我乃有对于人类再生之确信”。
太阳的到来,使诗人自己也获得再生,由此,使诗人确信了人类之再生。这里,诗人写“我的心胸被火焰之手撕开”,使人看到了动作,也仿佛听到了声音。这一个“撕”字,把太阳的火焰之力,把“我”的决心之大,写得痛快淋漓。不仅和整个诗的格调协调,而且和前面那个“滚”字相呼应,加强了这首诗的力度。
这首诗的“太阳向我滚来”一句,曾受到闻一多先生的质疑。闻一多先生认为这句诗不应这样写,这样写表现出了一种小资产阶级情调。按照闻一多先生的意思,应该写“我”向太阳奔去,才合乎道理。这里,我们不说闻一多先生是太苛刻了,就是从艺术的角度讲,闻一多先生的建议也不足取。因为很明显,我向太阳奔去,远不如“太阳向我滚来”有气势。因为“我”是很“小”的,且没有光彩,“太阳”是巨大的,且光芒万丈,“太阳向我滚来”才能表现出一种恢宏的气势。而且,就诗意来讲,“太阳向我滚来?才符合诗的本意,这样写,“太阳”是主动的,也就是说,历史是主动的,“太阳”滚到现在,才使“我”和万物获得了再生的机会……
《太阴》一诗,以它深沉的内涵和博大的气势撼动了读者,成为诗人创作中的光辉篇章
看见你的光辉就高兴;
——虽然昨夜我还是困倦,
而且被无数的恶梦纠缠。
你新鲜、温柔、明洁的光辉,
照在我久未打开的窗上,
把窗纸敷上浅黄如花粉的颜色,
嵌在浅蓝而整齐的格影里,
我心里充满感激,从床上起来,
打开已关了一个冬季的窗门,
让你把全金丝织的明丽的台巾,
铺展在我临窗的桌子上。
于是,我惊喜看见你:
这样的真实,不容许怀疑,
你站立在对面的山巅,
而且笑得那么明朗。
我用力睁开眼睛看你,
渴望能捕捉你的形象,
多么强烈,多么恍惚,多么庄严!
你的光芒刺痛我的瞳孔。
太阳啊,你这不朽的哲人,
你把快乐带给人间,
即使最不幸的看见你,
也在心里感受你的安慰。
你是时间的锻冶工,
美好的生活镀金匠;
你把日子铸成无数金轮,
飞旋在古老的荒原上……
假如没有你,太阳,
一切生命将匍匐在阴暗里,
即使有翅膀,也只能像蝙蝠
在永恒的黑夜里飞翔。
我爱你像人们爱他们的母亲,
你用光热哺育我的观念和思想——
使我热情地生活,为理想而痛苦,
直到我的生命被死亡带走。
经历了寂寞漫长的冬季,
今天,我想到山巅上去,
解散我的衣服,赤裸着,
在你的光辉里沐浴我的灵魂……
Yi quite - time to
Hurry "
"Li Yin
Sit down
I am a hair comb
For a Huanyi
... ... ... ...
You see my hair
This is the end of chaos
My comb
Where? "
"You comb
I have just seen
It is caught in the "Quiet Flows the Don" in "
"Ah hair knotted
After not playing basketball I always
This afternoon ... ...
I came back along the river that
Detour to see the river
Wounded a drowned
No one rose to ignore a pregnancy
... ... What I have to bad luck "
"Downey is time to
Hurry "
"Well, you do not worry
I for one Huanyi
- Uniforms and forget it hot
Forget it
Anyway, in the evening
... ... Li Yin
You see I was fat
This dress is so tight
Almost to earn break
Two years ago in Hankou
I also wear this uniform
Participate in the march of the "
"Hurry up time to
Do not speak "
"You're anxious Li Yin
I would also like to rub a facial
This shiny really hate - "
"You run over there to look for what?
Looking for? Downey!
Your cartridge
Pressure in the "public philosophy" on the
Your lipstick
Lying "on the new phase" together. "
"Li Yin!"
"Hurry Downey
Seven forty-five a "
"Good
I immediately put on running shoes
To eight _set_s
In time "
"My shoes pull it?"
"In the camera next to your brother"
"Ah brother
If you're still alive
Tonight
Imagine the joy you are! "
"Downey
Tonight
You're Beautiful "
"Li Yin
You say I'm not going "
You do not Ye Hao
Stay at home to sleep "
"Okay. Go.
You latch on to the mother
Tonight
I came back very late "
(A senile voice came from inside)
"Paganini children
It was dark night sky
Do not forget the torch "
"No, Mom
Tonight
I came back with a torch "
Second street
"Tonight the light seems to
Special light; you watch the street
This is the end of the end of many more than this!
What seems to be blowing out of cyclone
Where more than this the end?
Where did you get in this city
This is the end of people? They
Are going? Ah yes
They also go to the torchlight procession ... ...
The workers are women
Those students who staff
Those young men soldiers
Have come have come
Everyone came
Our janitors have come
Number of our soldiers have come to
Then more and more signs the flag then ... ...
There are those posters then great;
Yellow red blue white flag ... ...
Leaders of the portrait is in the air.
Ah look over there: we still need more need more
They have run up run up,
Some keep up with the fall of the ... ...
You see: a resolution of the Huang Lian Bing
Lang Huang to breathe, but the clarion call to;
The students were singing:
Up
Refuse to be slaves ... ...
How quickly they run
They went far to far away ... ... "
"Downey time to
We _set_ it to go to a public stadium
We Sign
From alley to catch up! "
Three venue
"They have to they have to
Lai's head hit a silk knot
They are to everyone to
He Huifang shiny glasses
Everyone that even those who have come to the small
Tao Fen Kang Su-Qin Li Juan Liu
Ah you all to our late
We're late we rushed to the scene from the alley
Stage light gas
Illuminate this hall during the day as
Where do you this uniform?
Is very suitable with your body
I was doing two years ago in Hankou
Painfully tight little sulk
Daohai cold tonight
Mao Yinghua
Your shoes polished and ready
Ah
Then you see more and more workers are then
Each hand like a wooden hammer
His face is like the ash out of the chimney
They all stared looking at? They
All with his mouth open waiting for? They
Are motionless in the thinking? They
Looked toward our side looked at us here
As in those angry eyes
As in angry at us
Ah those eyes I'm afraid of them
Here
All students are all here
The fat guy or the pay
You see: letter to Peng Fei Ling
Is his
Wrote to Deng Jian
Is his
I heard that he has two hundred and five pounds of weight
Terrible
What is the school
Then like all of them have stayed stupid
Flag like that cry out to play
They up_set_ the front of the marching feet of the back
We back that line up behind
Li Yin Where?
Where you see Li Yin?
Ah see
Declared that she and her team together against
Why then his face looked troubled
She laughed her to the ... ...
Li Yan to!
I'm with you!
They also came to him
Why head down like he was thinking about what?
He would also like what? Then hardship thinking?
He looked up ... he was looking for ...
He saw his head down lower, but he
Why head down like he was thinking about what?
Li Yin you please wait here
I went to see him
Keming me and you say a few words
Keming how are you? "
"I'm fine -
What have you
Well, please hurry "
"I do not want to quarrel with you
I ask you:
I wrote three letters to you Why do you ignore? "
"Donnie, these days
I was busy with preparations for tonight's Conference
And your letter
Just say you a headache
Only said that hate this weather
For these things I can not help it
And I have more than Quanguo you once ... ... "" And
Communication you are busy too! "
"What do you mean?"
"It's only you know best."
(It passed between her and him
Also take a look at their faces with the eyes)
"Again, to talk about it tomorrow
Or - I wrote a long letter to you
Tube has been broadcasting to the front of the stage to speak "
(A vibration of sound in air)
"Meeting!"
Four speech
Kerosene lamp from the table
Light. Speech of the people on stage
Issued a declaration to the ten million ears.
His mouth opened and the sound come out from there
Raised and shook his hand into a fist
His fist violently down a hit
Mouth of words fall together: "Down!"
His eyes flashing under the lights
Mimic, as in the search of his enemies
Slowly raise his voice
His passionate love slowly
His heart as wide as the wide open field
His words, as light as bright
Many people standing in front of him
To capture the ears of many of his language
This is the language of steel, the language of ore
Perhaps not the language is a
Hammer hit the anvil on the fight
Perhaps it is an engine
There rang the sound of the wave
Echoed around in the open field
The night sky in the city reverberated
This is the power of the light
This is the fire of sedition
This is a strong wind fanned the flame
This is the fury of the flame
This is a very heavy pounding
Each and all of our hearts pounding
This is a burst of thunder from the sky falling
This is a storm
Chuigua than we are standing open field
This is a dire predictions
This is a declaration should the world split in half
This is a cry the old world the power of repentance
This is not a language which is
An engine ring
This is a shot down the hammer on the anvil
This is the voice of the ore
This is the sound of steel
This sounds like a hurricane
It is to incite rebellion in the night shivering
Oh, listen to this long and Shen Hong
Loud and violent and the
The wave of mass applause ... ...
Five "Give me a torch"
Torch out from there
Torch out one by one
Countless torches come from the side
Beautiful torch
Bright torch
Warm torch
Golden torch
Blazing torches
People's faces in the firelight
Look how cute
In such a fire in the
No one's face is not beautiful
More and more of the torch
More more more more
The team has lined up the torch of the light
Torch and the rivers flow into the red
Fire has been mapped to come here
Fire has been hitting the face of our
Your face is beautiful in the firelight
Your eyes really bright in the firelight
You watch me I must have very beautiful
My eyes must have fired honor
Very anxious because of my blood
Because my heart is full of joy
Let us follow the team around
Followed the team to the other side
Places to go out to that torch
To that place where the fire smoke
To go faster to go faster
To be a torch ... ...
"Give me a torch!"
"Give me a torch!"
"Give me a torch!"
Look
My torch
Burning eyes bright too ... ah ...
This is the fire of the world ... ...
This is the light of the world ... ...
Six fire starting
"Flames of the torch
The night away "
Lifted up the torch
Lifted up the torch
Lifted up the torch
Everyone raised his torch
Then a torch a torch
Torch torch to go along with numerous
Slowly walk away neatly
With a tight one
Each regarded torch
Held in front of their own
Let us face the fire light
Light our
Yesterday was the anxiety with
But today the face of ecstasy
Light our
Each image
Christ's face as serious
Light our
Hold the chest
- That there stirring the hate and love
Blood
Light our feet
Even if the ankle bleeding
Do not stop the advance of the foot
Let us light the torch
Illuminate all of us
No obstacle
We can stop all forward
Illuminate our cities
And its trickle of blood flowing through the streets of the upright
Our street light
And it was a bomb that destroyed both sides of the housing down
Light our houses
And its landslides of the wall
And the rubble of a messy
Let the torch
Light our people
Squeeze the countless people in the roadside
People crowded under the eaves
Lined the square of the masses
Let the old man a small woman
Are the laughing face
We welcome the torch
Let the torch
Call up all the people
The street to ask them to
Let Tonight
No one left the city to all the people in the house
All to join our team of fire
So dastardly soul
Corrupt souls
Shaking torch in front of our
Let the torch
Illuminate the face of weak
Flinch in the face
Let the fire under the surveillance of
Judas could not lift their heads to
Let us each do of the general U.S. Hughes
Took fire from heaven fled human
Let the flames of the torch
Collapse to shake down the night
Night to shake slump down the high
The night off piece by piece, shake slump
Lifted up the torch
Lifted up the torch
Lifted up the torch
Everyone raised his torch
Seven trucks publicity
It is the rope holding the
A traitor
That wearing a long robe
Wearing Guapi Mao's
Is the manipulation of prices, profiteers
That face coated with white powder
Red-billed's facial features bent drooping
Is the Wang Jingwei
Like smiling woman
Is the Wang Jingwei
A pinch of that mustache under his nose
Japanese military officers
Seen with a
Chinese woman farmer
Woman
Like a sheep to be caught like a shouting and struggling
The officer's mouth
Like a hungry dog like to see the meat bones
Open the
Woman
The officer held out his hand to a slap in the face
The Wang Jingwei
Pull up the sleeves
Pointed to the TV drama Missing Women woman's nose He apologized Beichong À Pi
The officer knelt down in front of the
The Wang Jingwei
Artistes like
Japanese military officers to cry unto them
Japanese military officers that
Patted his head and touch his face
The Wang Jingwei
Laughed like a woman
He sat in the officer's leg up
He gave the officer touch the whiskers
He lived for a bracelet that officer's neck
His other hand a piece of pink handkerchief
He used that handkerchief to the officer's face and gently stroked
The officer's face is red hit the woman's
The officer took him too tightly
The officer unto them his hands the handkerchief to Wang Ching-wei
The officer in the face of white powder coated Wang Hong a bit
That Wang Sa Zhejiao
Put the handkerchief gently shaking in front of the Japanese officers
It single-handedly put the Japanese officer to go to grab a handkerchief
It is a handkerchief embroidered with the pattern of a begonia leaf
The officer opened the mouth blood red
Laughing laughing
The officer touched a few notes from his hip pocket
To that Wang Ching-wei
The officer patted him on the face
And mouth and then a bit at that face Hong
Four Chinese soldiers walked away Long Lai Long Lai
Aimed the gun at them
Aimed at targeting the Japanese officer traitor profiteers
Aiming Wang
Together in four soldiers
Workers, farmers, students are
They owned up together
Put those things on the ground scuffle
Even the women are out of the fist
The farmer gave the knees for mercy's violent kick Wang
The student raised toward the roadside broadcast tube mass
"Dear compatriots! We have three years of war!
The more we fight the enemy more to fight the stronger the weaker
As long as we can insist that war! Unite!
Eliminate traitors against compromise
Mobilize the people armed people
The final victory will belong to us! "
Eight teams
This team more and more the end of the end of a long long ah
As if this city ordered everyone inside
Does not even seem to need more and more
If all sides people have come from a distance
Rehe, Yunnan and Guizhou as if the have come Chahar
Mongolia, Xinjiang, like the Northeast have come Suiyuan
If they are arranged to meet tonight in the street
Together lined up to see how long row
Cried shouting together to see how loud
We walked neatly neatly call
Each held a torch in front of their own
Living in harmony with the fire has been rushed to the sky ah
Hatred of the world are burning up
We are the fire team
We are the light of the team
Boiling boiling dastardly weak
Let us make way Chinese people coming
Lethargic boiling boiling yawning
Watch our foot on the back of your
Get away to - pale by dying
Watch your eardrums do not let them breaketh
We come to the torch shouting
Loud bang woke up sleeping with the world
We are the fire team
We are the light of the team
The more people become more and more teams the longer row
Sound Yujiaoyuxiang torch Yushaoyuliang
Each of our foot off the street each and every Lane
We search for the dark fire
The shadow drive
Defence of our advance
We are the fire team
We are the light of the team
This team more and more the end of the end of a long long ah
If all the Chinese people have been arranged in which
We passed through a street and a street
We cry burst after burst of singing
Our voices and all the fire awakened
The night of the escape from here
Crying in the wilderness far away
Nine to
Come on you all
You all to attend
Both stood on the curb
Or standing under the eaves
Come on you all
You all to attend
Women also come to
Holding the children also came
Everyone will work together
Ao Zheng together to participate in the spring - to march
To lift the torch
Came to march shouting slogans
To lift living in harmony with the torch
Called out our anger
Burning hatred of our
Ten scattered team
We have traveled the city's truck
We have traveled the streets of the city
"Li Yin to this end we have already far away.
Now we have to go back scattered team ... ...
But you see that people still sing in the call
They have been turned into madness in the excited
Everyone is excited about the body's blood is boiling
Li Yan with just a torch according to your mouth barking
I'm afraid if this world is about to detonate
Even if everything will destroy those who destroy themselves to destroy "
"What you see Downey I'm excited
If the body of the Yu Shu Qi are called out by this
Downey your face is very strange
Downey told me
When the flood like that when the torch swinging
What did you think? Seen? "
"That was a miracle Li Yin -
When I saw the torch when the tide swing
Did indeed think of a thing
See a thing
A completely new things
Strange thing ... I ... "
One by one he was not at home
"Really Li Yin
What you see Keming
Those who walk in front of the ranks
What you see Keming
Those students do not have a quiet moment
They then rang the slogan scream
Then again lifted high the torch
They each then big then rough
Long Street seems to want it
As their playground
Light the torch lights up their sweat
I'm afraid of them
They seem to have been down this wall to flee ... ...
But Li Yin
The time when the team spread
What you see Keming "
"He must go back from that stone bridge
Away from the place where he lives
Why not just a turn
I accompany you to see him "
One hundred and three
One hundred and five
One hundred and seven numbers - to
"Hit the door it
(TA! TA! TA!)
He was not at home "
One hundred twenty-one voice rang in my heart
"Where are you? Where are you?
This is the place where to find the late great you?
This is how many people see the end of you?
It sounds messy end how can you?
I come to you torches
Where are you? Where are you?
What a beautiful night Where are you?
Where are you? My face burns
My heart trembled where are you?
I come to you torches
Where are you? Where are you?
This is the last people you do not have a
This is more than the end of the torch in the past have not you
This is more than the end of the fire according to the face is not your
I come to you torches
I want to see you! I want to see you!
I want to see you in the firelight ... ...
I touch your face with your fingers in your hair
My fingers can not touch you this time it?
I come to you torches
In any case I want to see you ah
I want to see you listen to your word
Only one sentence: 'Love is not love'
Where are you? Where are you? "
Who is that one-three
"He came Downey
Blocks side turns from the cross
Come. Keming come
You see sweat shining light on the forehead
He came out ... a torch ... "
Who is that? Who is that?
Approaching with him
Who is that? That wearing a grass skirt green
Women Who are you? It was like a horse's mane of hair and short
Women Who are you? Words that spoke loudly
Laughed aloud who the woman?
That swinging of the body while walking
Women Who are you? Student Groups that the Ministry of high
Women Who are you?
What is she doing? What?
Find fault in what she do?
What is she talking? What?
She was and what he was talking loudly?
What is she talking? What is the debate?
You listen to her talking about? So loud:
'Now - our
Work - to carry out ... ...
Subjective weakness -
Is to overcome ... ...
Now - we
Fierce criticism -
Remnants of the
The petty bourgeoisie
Evil ... ...
And - prevent work
Love ... ...
By the merciless
Blow!
Present - our
Work - to carry out ... ... '
They drew near to the ... ...
They drew near to the ... ... Li Yin -
We - "
"I Downey
Say hello to them ... ... "
"Do not!
Li Yan me dizzy
From this we go back alley "
Tonight you know
Who's torch
First went out
And from that weakness in the hands of
Slide down?
A four to persuade a
"I am in the firelight Downey
See your tears
This night Downey
Why do not you excited Downey
Downey, you should not
In the time we all cry laughing
Downey can not heal our love
Only then we are only fighting rescued Downey
You should remember your brother
Before 2056 you should be able to remember
Do not be too eager happiness Downey
The time when we are suffering
Personal happiness is a disgrace Downey
As long as we opened up my eyes Downey
Bloody saw a group ... ...
If you have passion for humanity as well
Do you have the heart to a person to enjoy themselves?
We have too many things to do
How do you cry Downey
You have to respect you brother
Tears for him Lianqi
You are his sister Downey
If you forget him
Who can remember that he does
Downey to sit down
Sit down in this river
Let me say to you ... ... "
"Li Yin
Please put your torch
Blow it "
"Good -
I have a match
It can be lit at any time "
This
Down a little more comfortable ... ... "
First Five-advised b
"I have many things to tell you ... ..."
- "Overcome it" Sixteen Chapter twelve
"Now let me tell you Downey
I was crying over the two years
I have loved a military officer
We had a wonderful month together
Yet he played with me and throw away the
I have cried for a week
You know I am a man
Ran from the fall out of the home
(A few people torches
From the front of them in the past ... ...)
People know me
I am happy at the time
They envy me
Unfortunately when I
They laughed at me
If I have the courage to resist those
Cold eyes and the mouth of evil
I have already committed suicide
But I soon put the heart to calm down
─ ─ I do not blame him our first
Who do I just repine
Hard to read - those books I gave you
Are the time to buy. I became quickly
I was soon being fat. Exactly like two people
I was very happy. I found his body
If there is an infinite force. I
Eager to work. I love life -
(A torch in the past a few people)
Life should always be given the power of the machine
Should be a forward wheel never stops
Life should be
A group of their own efforts to contribute to
A personal co-ordination with all the efforts made
Their lives ... ... we should
Do not neglect life
(A few people torches
From the front of them in the past ... ...)
I am very optimistic because it can not be sentimental
Change our destiny. Downey
I work very tense.
I joined a group -
Slogans took to the streets singing and acting
Write to the wounded soldier dressing to the refugees
After the bombing, street cleaning bags sewn consolation
Our group went to the front
I have seen blood flow into the creek
Piled the bodies of the soldiers seen in the hills
I know what is 'unfortunate'
A full year, we
Night break in the bombing of the military through
I was born and had scabies, malaria birth to a round birth to ringworm
I poured the rain went hungry sleep in the wet
But I feel happy in any case hard
Comrades, I did not know me very well
Higher than the world the feelings of the families
That group has now been dissolved
Everyone scattered in different places
Downey I am asking the news of their
I want to get through this semester - ah that the hotel
Light a beacon to put out the ... ...
Downey Remember these words:
... ...
The truth is our only resistance
Downey Keming What is not very hard
Hard to easily change a person worse
If you really do love him
Should be to hinder him?
Downey
You are not really happy about him?
Glad you like him cop it? ... ... "
Confession of a sixteen
"Do not talk about them it ... ...
Li Yin, then I know you.
I thank you - no one
Has helped me like you
Li Yin I will get better
(A few people torches
From the front of them in the past ... ...
Originally a businessman's daughter
What hope?
And I was in bed, opium
Grew up. Five years ago
My father promised to take me
A manager's son. Then
My brother just died six months.
I only cry. His mother and his noisy,
After a few months he died.
He died after two
I'm no longer a happy home.
The end of September the year before my mother and I
Out of the refugee boat from Hankow
He was very attentive to know Keming
... ... Do not talk about them now
This is I'm too young ... ...
This is ... ... I was too leisurely
Li Yan is the enemy of youth
Fantasy - it uses the same luster rainbow
And soap bubbles to confuse you, like the illusory
This is how I was confused a ... ...
(A few people torches
From the front of them in the past ... ...)
That night, Li Yin
I know that many
That night I seemed to be very clear
I saw a lot I see
I - this is I never have seen before
I came in the spring of the world has nineteen
Every spring these years I have
I often cry I do not know
Is how the world will come up
I see the world before today
Seems to be turned over at any time
Suddenly everything seems to be no similar
A day gives me a throbbing
Life is an empty net
Should I open the capture
I desire a kind of friendship
I will appreciate it and life ... ...
I see it as a car
Me safely through
Long life
I know I was wrong ... ... "
(A few people torches
Singing
From the front of them in the past ... ...)
"Do not be trusted Downey 'Friendship' two characters
And you said, 'Friendship' and will not be in love
Do not look too mysterious love
Modern love
Women to men as the body of customers
Men's shop of joy as the women
Modern love
Possession of the opposite sex through a word
Is a 'sex' is a synonym. "
Seventeen penitent II
"Li Yin
This world is too dire -
Exactly like an abattoir!
Greed and selfishness
Rule the world
Until last? "
"Downey
One day there will be a bright man
'Everything will change'
That day is not far
As long as we have the courage to walk up
Your brother is our pioneers ... ... "
"My brother was then the brave
His own faith is everything
Wandering away from home in the north
No news for several years
Even when he was arrested and no letter to home
He died in prison in the ... ...
I
I was too weak
(A dozen each of torches
Singing violently
From the front of their past ... ...)
This Time
Does not allow the existence of weak
This Time
Need is a strong
Iron and steel needed
And I - poor Downey
In addition to innocence and purity
What else?
I exist
As a grass
I've never been to 'hope'
Pressure on himself
This Time
Like a storm
I'm in the window
Looked at it shaking
This Time
Greatness as a mountain
And I thought my feet
And my guts
It is not over
But my good friend Li Yin
I'll be fine
Li Yin
You are my torch
My Light
- This dark corner
But you
No one comes to light from the
I swear Li Yin
After this night I will be strong up
Li Yin
If I have tears
Let me ashamed to confess and
The streamer it now
Li Yin
- How should it fall
If I can not become better
I would like you to hit me with a whip
Stone to nail me! "
"Downey
Innocence is no sin.
Although we know only six months
But I know more about you than you
I saw the 'risk'
Have been buried in front of you.
It has you open the door of the dark
Welcome you into
No, from you I see myself
Sister saw the whole of China
- I carry several lines express to you:
There are three hard road fate
The first marriage with the slave
The second son, the mother of a slave
Article to be slaves until death
The fate of all of these harsh
Covering the Russian women on the land
We are the Chinese women
Russia is more than than
We never had the courage
Change our own destiny
Are we never to change it?
They do not change who give us change?
(In the dark depths of
There are several women in the past
They use song
Tearing the night sky:
'Feel the great pain of not free
Glorious sacrifice your life
In our hard struggle
Abandoned the heroic head ... ... '
This must be the drama team that actress ... ...
The sound is really beautiful ... ...
Downey s late
We go back "
"Good. Li Yin
Tonight I'm awake
I'm so happy tonight.
I want tomorrow
The Gorky's "Mother" first reading "
"Wait Downey
I lit the torch
... ... ... ...
Tomorrow "
(Downey torches and walked quickly away
Suddenly she shouted back to distant places;)
"Li Yin
Shall I accompany you back? "
"Do not. -
With the torch
I am not afraid "
"Well then goodbye
This torch to you. "
"Then ... ... you yourself?"
"I used to go Hei Road - the
Thank you for the torch ... ... "
The end of eighteen
"Mom!
(TA! TA! TA!)
Open the door "
(TA! TA! TA!)
"Mom!"
Open the door "
"Mom
Open the door "
(TA! TA! TA!)
"Children
Wait
Let me point out the lights
Very dark ... ... "
"Mom you Come on
I took the torch of the "
"Children
This torch so bright "
"Mom you take it
I came close
You torch
Camera _insert_ed in front of his brother "
(Mother to go to bed Downey
Staring torch
Slowly she looked _set_ the
Died five years that young people photo:)
"My brother Tonight
You will glad it
Your sister has been back to the torch
This torch is not lit up oil
This torch is her
... Lit up with tears ... "
"Children
This is really bright torch
Illuminate the red of the houses are
You hit sneeze - the kids cold
How your eyelids swollen
- Cry? "
No.
Tonight I am pleased to
Only the light of torches
Burning too hard for me ... ... "
"Children do not cry
To sleep
Almost morning. "
May 1, 1940 -4 days
【Review】 把黑夜摇坍下来
《火把》是艾青最有影响的一首叙事性长诗。据作者自己说,这首诗发意于1939年7月间,在心里孕育了十个月之久,到1940年5月初才得以完成。艾青把它视作《向太阳》的姊妹篇,这是因为这两首长诗在作者的心里处于同等重要的位置,写法上也有共同之处。首先,主题相同,都是“以最高的热度”(艾青语)赞美光明和民主的。其次,都采用了口语,作者“企图使自己对大众化问题给以实践的解释”。特别是《火把》,由于通篇采用了口语和对话,诗的情调使读者感到十分的亲切,诗句仿佛火把灼热的光焰,直透人的心脾。还有第三点,从创作境界的开拓和蕴含的审美价值看,也应当相提并论。
《向太阳》仍带有一些作者个人的哀伤,那是诗人走向街头礼赞远方的日出,心灵上承受到了光明的抚慰。而在《火把》通明的情境之中,场景和人物都是明朗的,现实的,没有抽象的描写。写的是“火的世界,光的世界”,是“光明如何把黑暗驱赶到遥远的荒郊的故事”,为了具象显示光明与民主的火把的力量和精神浸入人心的强度与深度,为了要具象“个人如何被组织了的全体所激荡,所推进,”作者第一次在诗里创造了有名有姓有性格的人物:唐尼和李茵。
1939年到1940年,艾青在创作领域用大部分的精力尝试着叙事诗的创作,除《火把》之外,还着重地创作叙事长诗《溃灭》,并先后完成了四章。对于这个时期艾青在创作上如何突破自己不断探求艺术的广阔境界这一事实,几十年来,尚未见到有分量的评论文章,似应认真地加以研究。创作《火把》前后那两年,正是艾青四十年代最辉煌的时期。
下面还是着重地来谈谈《火把》这首诗。
《火把》的历史背景是1940年前后抗日民族解放战争已惨烈而英勇地进行了两年多的时间,抗日阵营之内出现了严重危机,以汪精卫为首的国民党反动派公开投敌,当了汉奸。蒋介石政府又不断地掀起反共高潮,激起了群众性的民主运动,对这股反动逆流进行了广泛的斗争。
《火把》对唐尼和李茵两个女青年,在一次火炬游行中的不同的表现和心理状态以及唐尼最后的转变,作了生动的描写。李茵经历过实际斗争考验,思想情绪坚定。唐尼的哥哥五年前为革命斗争而献身,在抗战初期,她自己表现得也很激烈,但是渐渐地在平庸的生活中消沉起来,沉溺在个人的恋情中,她爱恋的人叫克明。作者在《关于〈火把〉》一文中谈到这两个人物时作了简明的介绍:
“唐尼是柔弱的。是一个‘渴求着一种友谊……我把它看做一辆车子,使我平安地走过生命的长途……’的女孩子。是‘一株草’。火炬游行对于她是一种太可怕的激动。而她的‘失恋’却正在激动的一夜。‘这一夜,我好象很清醒’。愿李茵的话,在这样的夜里对她会有帮助。帮助她清醒,帮助她能稍稍坚强一些。(而作者也曾在一个读者对于李茵的话感动得流泪一事得到验证了。)但是唐尼决不会明天一天亮就革起命来的。她们许给自己的心愿是‘会好起来的’,‘会坚强起来的。’……
李茵是比较坚强的。她经历多一些。她吃过苦。由于一些与时俱来的刺激和经验所给与她的悲哀,她可能在短时期里嫌恶‘恋爱’的。——但决不会否定‘真的恋爱’。她所说的,‘我才知道世界上有比家更厚的感情’就是一种同志爱。……
克明是一个正在变好的青年,‘工作很努力’,所以李茵劝唐尼不要去阻碍他。因为唐尼那样的‘友谊’是可能阻碍工作的。作者相信,唐尼经了这一夜,不会再像过去那样地纠缠克明,即使仍旧爱克明,也会用另外的方式去爱了。”
故事情节并不复杂,但因为是诗(即使是叙事诗),行文不可能如小说那样作具体的描述,有许多生活细节和心理活动读者只能随着诗句去联想。简洁而隽永的对话,使诗的情调显得格外爽朗,每一行诗都有弦外音,都切入生活和人物的心灵深处。写唐尼的出场,作者写了她游行前在室内的日常生活情形,几段对话就把这个女性的形象和性格中复杂的一面剖露出来。她的梳子夹在《静静的顿河》里,粉盒压在《大众哲学》上,口红与《论新阶段》躺在一起。而她的鞋拔,搁在她哥哥的照片旁边,“啊/哥哥/假如你还活着/今晚上/你该多快活!”她怀念为革命而牺牲的哥哥。出门时,妈妈怕晚上天黑,让她带电筒,她说:“不要/今晚上/我带火把回来”。这个女青年虽然变得有点爱虚荣,却没有堕落,本质还是单纯的,只是迷恋个人友情,思想有些迷茫。
后来,写到唐尼和李茵几个女青年,走到街上,去集合参加火炬游行。在会场上唐尼遇到了他思念的男朋友克明,此时,两个人的情绪很不同,男的一心为了工作,女的却热迷地谈恋情。唐尼自然失望了。但是会场上热烈的场面,也使唐尼受到了感染。第四章《演说》写得非常有力,那个站在台上演说的人的声音、动作、眼神以及有煽动性的如暴风雨般的语言,有声有色,如熊熊火把般烧灼着夜的世界,是艾青那几年的创作中节奏最为雄浑最有力度的一节诗:
“煤油灯从台上/发光,演说的人站在台上/向千万只耳朵发出宣言,/他的嘴张开 声音从那里出来/他的手举起 又握成拳头/他的拳头猛烈地向下一击/嘴里的两个字一齐落下:“打倒!”/………/他的心象旷场一样宽阔/他的话象灯光一样发亮/无数的人群站在他的前面/无数的耳朵捕捉他的语言//这是钢的语言 矿石的语言/或许不是语言 是一个/铁锤拚打在铁砧上/也或许是一架发动机/在那儿震响 那声音的波动/在旷场的四周回荡/在这城市的夜空回荡/………”
“演说”掀起了诗的高潮,如风暴般的战斗的呐喊,要“煽起使黑夜发抖的叛乱”接着第五章“给我一个火把”,第六章“火的出发”,千万个火把汇成了火海。作者在诗里采用了重叠排比的诗行,使诗的激情如一叠叠直泻而下的瀑布发挥出有震撼性的冲击力量。“在这样的火光里,没有一个人的脸不是美丽的。”所有的人都渴望有一个火把。
“让我们的火把/把黑夜摇坍下来/把高高的黑夜摇坍下来/把黑夜一块一块地摇坍下来”
唐尼的个人情绪,在火光中,在群众沸腾的热情中,如冰块被融解了,最后她终于奋发了起来:
“ ‘好,李茵/今晚我真清醒/今晚我真高兴/明天起 我要/把高尔基的《母亲》先看完’”
《火把》在国统区的文艺界和广大青年知识分子中引起了强烈的反响,使一些动摇在光明与黑暗中间的男女青年受到了深深的感动和冲击。朱自清在《抗战与诗》一文中,对《火把》给以很高的评价:“这篇诗描写 火把游行,正是大众力量的表现,而以恋爱的故事结尾,在结构上也许匀称些。可是指示私生活的公众化一个倾向,而不至于公式化,却是值得特别注意的。”
《火把》用梵高那样的粗犷而灼烈的浓笔,为我们绘出一幅真实的历史情境。让我们直到今天仍有置身其中的感觉。哥德说“一篇诗的真正力量和作用全在情境,全在母题(即主题)。”“只靠情感和铿锵的诗句反应不出一种存在”。《火把》不是概念的宣传,不是空洞的呼喊,它的人物内心活动以及他们之间的关系,与当年的历史背景血肉地结合着,形成了一个充满历史感的空间和真实的情境。这首诗深深地植根于动荡而严酷的现实之中,具有很强的现实感。当年有不少城市专场朗诵过这首长诗。一首诗不仅客观地传达某种情绪,重要的是能以激发情绪。诗的真正力量也就在这里。如果一首诗不能激发人的情绪就谈不上是一首真正的诗。
有一个现象值得深思,艾青为什么抓住相近的题材不放,年轻时写了《向太阳》
、《火把》等,到了晚年又创作了《光的赞歌》,这是不是说明诗人的创作境界不够宽阔?我认为不是。一个才能高的艺术家所以能创造出优秀的作品,正是由于他能紧紧抓住了和他个性相近的题材的缘故。梵高一生执迷地画了许多幅向日葵,谁也不会说梵画的题材太狭窄了。艾青所以执着地赞美象征光明和民主的太阳和火把,是与他的人生遭遇和体验以及历史情境有着深深联系的。反之,一个诗人失去发挥个性的生存条件是很难写出诗来的。从艾青一生创作历史来观察,也可以得到证明。事实上,题材相近的诗,对于一个有才能的诗人来说,并不是重复,而是随着客观与主观情境的变化与发展不断地深化,不断地开拓新的境界。当今的小说可以成为系列,为什么诗就不可以? (牛汉)