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  《 wán 'ǒu zhī jiāshì 19 shì nuó wēi zuì wěi de jiā hēng shēng de zhù míng shè huì zuò 1879 nián zhù rén gōng chū shēn zhōng děng jiā tíngměi huó tiān zhēn qíng liè 'ér zhēn chéng 'ài zhe de zhàng hǎi 'ěr màowéi zhàng zhì bìng céng mào míng zhàiyòu 'áo chāo xiě wén jiànzhèng qiánshěng qiántōu tōu hái zhài guǒ yào shèn zhì biǎo shì wéi zhàng 'ér dàn de zhàng guò de yínháng zhí yuánxiàn zài de yínháng jīng ), què shì wěi de chǎn jiē shì kuài píng shí guǎn jiào xiǎo niǎo 'ér 、“ xiǎo sōng shǔ 'ér”, dàn zhī dào céng mào míng zhàiwēi de shè huì míng shēng wèi shíbiàn fǎn cháng tài shìfàn zuì rén”, hái yáng yán yào duó jiào de quán yào duì jìn xíng zōng jiào zhì cáihòu láidāng zhài zhù shòu yǒu gǎn huàtuì huí liǎo mào míng jiè shí yòu zhuǎn biàn tài biǎo shì yào yǒng yuǎn 'ài bǎo jīng zhuǎn zhé zhōng kàn qīng liǎo de chǔjìng xiàn guò shì zhàng dewán 'ǒu”, shì duì bǎo zhè jiā tíng guān de chǎn jiē dào zōng jiào chū liǎo yán zhòng huái liè pànbìng rán kāi liǎo zhè wán 'ǒu zhī jiā”。 shì yòu chǎn jiē xìng jiě fàng xiǎng de pàn xìng duì shè huì de bèi pàn jiā chū zǒubèi wéi jiě fàng de xuān yán”。 rán 'érzài dāng zuò wán 'ǒu de shè huì zhēn néng qiú jiě fàng máng máng hēi yòu néng zǒu xiàng chù
  《 wán 'ǒu zhī jiā》 - zuò zhě jiǎn jiè
  
  《 wán 'ǒu zhī jiā shēng
   shēng( 1828 héng héng 1906), nuó wēi rénshì jiè jìn dài shè huì wèn de shǐ zuì zhù míng de zuò jiāshāng rén jiā tíng chū shēn shēng gòng xiě běn 26 。《 wáng wèi de rén》、《 è luò de yīng rénděng zǎo zuò duō shǐ cái biǎo xiàn 'ài guó zhù xiǎnglàng màn cǎi nóng zhōng chuàng zuò jiù yòu shí jiē shì dāng shí de zhǒng shè huì wèn yòupéi 'ěr jīn 》、《 shè huì zhī zhù》、《 wán 'ǒu zhī jiā》、《 qún guǐ》、《 guó mín gōng děng zuòdài biǎo zuòwán 'ǒu zhī jiā》( 1879) tōng guò xíng xiàng de zào chū běn zhù shè huì de lún wèi děng shè huì wèn duì xiàn shí de pàn shēn yòu wǎn de 》、《 luó zhuāng》、《 hǎi shàng rén》、《 zán men rén zài shēng shíděng zuò zhuànxiàng xīn miáo xiě jīng shén fēn xiàng zhēng zhù cǎi nóng hòu zuò xiān míng de zhù shēng dòng de qíng jiéyán jǐn de jié gòuyōu měi de yán de shù fēng duì shì jiè jìn xiàn dài de zhǎn yòu guǎng fànshēn de yǐng xiǎng。 
  《 wán 'ǒu zhī jiā》 - rén píng jià
  
   shì yòu chǎn jiē xìng jiě fàng xiǎng de pàn xìng duì shè huì de bèi pàn jiā chū zǒubèi wéi jiě fàng de xuān yán”。 rán 'érzài dāng zuò wán 'ǒu de shè huì zhēn néng qiú jiě fàng máng máng hēi yòu néng zǒu xiàng chù xùn xiān shēng zài zǒu hòu zěn yàng?》 wén zhōng shuō:“ cóng shì shàng tuī xiǎng lái huò zhě shí zhǐ yòu liǎng tiáo shì duò luòjiù shì huí lái。” zhè què shí shì wèn de zhēngjié suǒ zài
  
   zhù rén biǎo miàn shàng shì wèi jīng shì kāi záo de qīng nián guàn bèi rén huàn zuòxiǎo niǎo 'ér”、“ xiǎo sōng shǔ 'ér”, shí shàng shàng xìng shàn liáng 'ér jiān qiángwèile zhàng jiā tíng rěn zhòngshèn zhì zhǔn bèi shēng de míng yīn wǎn jiù zhàng de shēng mìngcéng jīng mán zhe xiàng rén jiè liǎo zhàitóng shí xiǎng gěi chuí wēi de qīn shěng què fán nǎoyòu mào míng qiān liǎo jiù shì yóu zhè jiàn qíng de xíng wéi chǎn jiē de jiǎng de què zǒu tóu gèng lìng tòng xīn de shìzhēn xiāng bái zhī hòuzuì yào zhàng tóng zhōu gòng chéng dān wēi de shí què xiàn wéi zhī zuò chū shēng de zhàng jìng shì wěi 'ér bēi liè de shì kuài zhōng jué xǐng guò láirèn shí dào hūn qián guò shì qīn de wán 'ǒuhūn hòu guò shì zhàng de wán 'ǒucóng lái jiù méi yòu de rén shì rán jué rán pāo zhàng hái cóng qiú lóng shìde jiā tíng chū zǒu liǎo
  
   shēng chū shēng xiǎo chǎn jiē wéi zhù de guó jiāzhōu wéi màn zhe xiǎo chǎn jiē shè huì suǒ yòu de tuǒ xiétóu wéi néng shì de shì kuài duì zhè lèi yōng wěi de zhèng zhì zhèng zhì jiā shì shēn 'è tòng jué deshèn zhì suǒ shuō zhīchǔyú gōng kāi de zhàn zhēng zhuàng tài”。 dàn shìzhè xiāng yìng chǎn shēng liǎo nuó wēi xiǎo chǎn zhě shēng de bēi guān zhù lǎng méi lín zài piān guān zhè wèi zuò jiā de píng lùn zhōng zhǐ chū:“ shēng zài zěn yàng wěi jìng shì chǎn jiē shī rén shì bēi guān zhù zhěbìng qiě rán shì bēi guān zhù zhě duì běn jiē de mòluò biàn kàn jiàn néng kàn jiàn rèn jiě jiù bàn 。” zhè wèi zuò jiā zài de zuò pǐn zhōngzhǐ néng wéi xīn sòngrén de jīng shén de fǎn pàn”, yòu zhè zhǒng fǎn pàn jīng shén de zhù rén gōng dāng zuògāo shàng de rén xìngjiā chōng jǐng xiàn huán jìng jiē jiēkàn jiàn mìng de zhèng zhì zhèng zhì jiāgèng xìn yǎng gēn běn cóng jiē chù de shè huì zhù mìngyīn jiù néng zài jiān shí de shǐ chǔ shēng huó chǔ shàng wèitā de zhù rén gōng kāipì zhēn zhèng de chū
  《 wán 'ǒu zhī jiā》 - zuò pǐn bèi jǐng
  
   shēng de zhěng chuàng zuò shēng qià zhí shí jiǔ shì hòu bàn zài de xiàōu zhōu chǎn jiē de xíng xiàng zài suō shì 'āi xià xiǎn gèng làngèng chǒu 'è gèng lìng rén zēng hènzhè shì hěn rán de de de fēng bǎo hán zhe fèn de qíngchuō chuān liǎo chǎn jiē zài dào zōng jiàojiào jiā tíng guān duō fāng miàn de jiǎ miàn jiē liǎo zhěng běn zhù shè huì de wěi huāng miù。《 wán 'ǒu zhī jiājiù shì duì běn zhù yòu zhì xià de hūn yīn guān duì chǎn jiē de nán quán zhōng xīn xiǎng de piān zhèng yán de kòng shū
  《 wán 'ǒu zhī jiā》 - zuò pǐn zhù
  
   běn zhù chūrén xiān míngjié gòu yán qíng jié zhōngmáo dùn de zhǎn qíng yòu yòu tiáo wěnzuò zhě qíng 'ān pái zài shèng dàn jié qián hòu sān tiān zhī nèijiè chū jié de huān fēn jiā tíng bēi zhī jiān de duì yínháng zhí yuán luò tài yīn bèi hǎi 'ěr mào tuìbiàn yòng jiè lái yào xié wèitā bǎo zhù zhí wèi wéi zhù xiànyǐn chū rén zhī jiān zhǒng máo dùn de jiāo cuò zhǎn kāiràng zhù rén gōng zài duǎn duǎn sān tiān zhōngjīng liǎo yīcháng liè 'ér de nèi xīn dǒu zhēngcóng píng jìng dào hùn luàncóng huàn xiǎng dào lièzuì hòu wán chéng jué xǐngcóng 'ér liǎo wéi qiáng liè de xiào guǒ
  《 wán 'ǒu zhī jiā》 - zuò pǐn xiǎng
  
   tōng guò zhù rén gōng zhàng hǎi 'ěr mào zhī jiān yóu xiāng qīn xiāng 'ài zhuǎn wéi jué liè de guò chéngtàn tǎo liǎo chǎn jiē de hūn yīn wèn bào nán quán shè huì jiě fàng zhī jiān de máo dùn chōng jìn 'ér xiàng chǎn jiē shè huì de zōng jiào dào chū tiǎo zhàn rén men yóu shì wéi zhèng tuō chuán tǒng guān niàn de shù wéi zhēng yóu píng děng 'ér dǒu zhēng zhàng jié hūn niánshì sān hái de qīn liǎorán 'ér zài jiā tíng zhōng réng rán shì wán 'ǒu de wèi chū bìng zhī shēng zài zhuózhòng miáo xiě liǎo de jué xǐng jīng shén fǎn pàn”, zhōng zhú jiàn rèn shí dào bēi de shè huì wèijié hūn qián shǔ qīn dejié hūn hòu shǔ zhàng de,“ xiàng yào fàn de jiào huà yào kǒu chī kǒu”; zài yuàn chǔyú de wèijīng guò fān liè de biàn lùn 'ér yǒng gǎn chū zǒu liǎo yào dào shè huì zhōng nòng qīng chǔjiū jìng shì shè huì zhèng què hái shì zhèng què”。 zhè me shuō cóng yòu zhì de xié dào de máo dùncóng dān huàn xiǎng dào huàn xiǎng miècóng 'ān wán 'ǒu zhī jiā dào jiān jué chū zǒu de guò chéng shì jué xǐng de nán de chéngdāng rán chū zǒu liǎo de zǒu xiàng fāng wèi lái de shēng huó dào zài lián shēng huí dàn shēng duì jiě fàng de xīn guò chéng de huá shí fēn zhòng
  
   zuò pǐn cóng jiā tíng zhī jiān de máo dùn chōng lái jiē shì shè huì máo dùn , duì hǎi 'ěr mào de tóng xìng , lín jìn zhì xiàn zài zuò pǐn zhī zhōng
  《 wán 'ǒu zhī jiā》 - zuò pǐn píng jià
  
   shēn shàng gèng wéi guì de pǐn zhìjiù shì juéjiàng , kěn xiàng 'è shì cóng wài biǎo kànrén men wéi shì yōu de rén shí zhè shì huì duì lín dān tài tài shuō :“ mendōu wéi zài zhè fán nǎo shì jiè , méi jīng guò shénme fán nǎo shì ?” shí shì zhè yàng yòufán nǎo shì”, jiā tíng jīng kùn nányào jiè qián wéi zhàng zhì bìngjiè liǎo qián yào xiǎng jìn bàn hái zhài děng děngdàn cóng chuí tóu sàng hái shì hěn guānzhài zhù luò tài yòng de jiè shàng de jiǎ qiān duì jìn xíng wēi xiékǒnghè méi yòu háo ruǎn ruò de biǎo xiànwèile jiù zhàng de mìng jiè zhàizhài zhù wēi réng rán shì qíng gào zhàng jiān dìng zhǔn bèi chéng dān qiē rènwèile bǎo quán zhàng de míng shèn zhì jué dìng shāsuǒ yòu zhè xiē dōushì juéjiàng xìng de biǎo xiàn zhè zhǒng jiān qiáng de jīng shén shì zuì zhōng tóng hǎi 'ěr mào jué liètuō wán 'ǒu jiā tíngde xìng chǔ guǒ shì ruǎn ruò de rén shǐ rèn shí liǎo zhàng de 'è liè pǐn zhìyào cǎi zhàng duàn jué guān de xíng dòngwǎng wǎng shì néng de
  
   rán jué rán tóng hǎi 'ěr mào jué liè , gèng zhù yào de shì yòu de xiǎng chǔxiàn shí shēng huó jiào liǎo , shǐ jǐn rèn qīng liǎo hǎi 'ěr mào de chǒu 'è líng hún , ér qiě rèn shí liǎo xiàn shí shè huì de duì běn zhù shè huì de jiào dào zōng jiào děng wèn de kàn , gēn bān chǎn jiē yōng rén hǎi 'ěr mào zhī liú de jiàn jiě shì xiāng tóng de。“ xǐng hòu de , duì běn zhù shè huì chí shì tài dāng hǎi 'ěr mào shuō liǎo jiě zán men de shè huìshí , 'áng huí shuō :“ jiū jìng shì shè huì zhèng què hái shì zhèng què !”“ zhī dào duō shù rén zàn chéng de huàbìng qiě shū běn zhè me shuō shì cóng jīn hòu néng xiāng xìn duō shù rén de huà , néng wèi xiāng xìn shū běn de huà。” duì rén mín de jīng shén piàn héng héng héng zōng jiào gèng huì fàng zài yǎn , xuān chēng :“ zhēn zhī dào zōng jiào shì shénme。” duì běn zhù shè huì de , shēn shòu hài , gèng shì shēn 'è tòng jué。“ guó jiā de gēn xīn xiǎng de yàng .. xìn shì jiè shàng yòu zhè zhǒng jiǎng de 。” de yán xiǎn shì liǎo shì yòu mín zhù xiǎng qīng xiàng de tóng hǎi 'ěr mào jué liè de xíng dòng shì yòng mín zhù xiǎng jìn xíng fǎn kàng de rán jiēguǒjìn guǎn shì wán měi quē de rénzuò zhě tōng guò zào zhè xiān míng de xíng xiàngbiǎo liǎo zhōng xiǎo chǎn jiē yào qiú yóu wéi rén zūn yán děng xiǎng yuàn wàng , bìng duì xiàn cún de běn zhù zhì biǎo xiàn liǎo mǒu zhǒng chéng de huái fǒu dìng pàn。 
  
   cóng shǐ wéi zhù guān diǎn lái kàn yào zhēn zhèng jiě fàng dāng rán néng zǒu liǎo zhī jiě fàng de zháojí dāng rán zài jǐn jǐn bǎi tuō huò dǎo hǎi 'ěr mào zhī liú nán quán zhōng xīn de hūn yīn guān ēn zàijiā tíng yòu zhì guó jiā de yuánzhōng zhōng de zhǐ chū:“ jiě fàng de xiān jué tiáo jiàn jiù shì qiē xìng chóngxīn huí dào gōng gòng de láo dòng zhōng ”, yīn wéinán zài hūn yīn shàng de tǒng zhì shì de jīng tǒng zhì de jiǎn dān de hòu guǒ jiāng rán suí zhe hòu zhě de xiāo shī 'ér xiāo shī。” zài jué xǐng zhī qián suǒ shòu zhì hǎi 'ěr màozhèng yóu hǎi 'ěr mào shǒu xiān zài jīng shàng tǒng zhì liǎo
  
   yīn yào zhèng tuō hǎi 'ěr mào de kòng zhìjué néng dān píng diǎn fǎn pàn jīng shénér shǒu xiān zài jīng zhēng de rén suǒ dài biǎo de chǎn jiē de jiě fàng shè huì jīng guān de chè biàn wéi qián suǒ mèng xiǎng de zhōng de ”, hǎi 'ěr mào gǎi biàn dào zán men zài 'ér guò zhēn zhèng xiàng ”, zhǐ yòu zài tōng guò gǎi zào shè huì huán jìng 'ér gǎi zào rén de shè huì zhù shè huì cái yòu néngzài shì jiè wén xué shǐ shàng shēng céng jīng bèi chēng wéi wěi de wèn hào”。 zhè wèn hàozhì jīn réng rán rén shēnxǐng shǐ rén men kǎozài běn zhù yòu zhì jīng chǔ bèi cuī huǐ zhī hòuhái yìng dāng zěn yàng jìn xiāo chú qīng shēng zàiwán 'ǒu zhī jiāděng zhōng suǒ tòng chì de chǎn jiē de chuán tǒng dào shì kuài shí liú zài zhè shàng shēng de duì jiě fàng quán rén lèi wéi rèn de chǎn jiē zhèng shì zōng bǎo guì de jīng shén cái
  
  《 wán 'ǒu zhī jiāshì shēng yòu guān wèn de jié zuò shì dài biǎo liǎo zuì gāo xiǎng shù chéng jiù de zuò pǐn běn miáo xiě zhù rén gōng wèile zhàng zhì bìngwěi zào qīn de qiān míng xiàng rén jiè qián。 8 nián hòugāng dāng shàng yínháng jīng de zhàng hǎi 'ěr mào jué dìng jiě yínháng zhí yuán luò tàiér luò tài zhèng shì dāng nián de zhài zhùzhài zhù xiě xìn gěi hǎi 'ěr mào chū wēi xiéhǎi 'ěr mào zhī dào hòushēn shì yǐng xiǎng qián chéng míng chì shì huǎng de xià jiàn rén”, huài liǎo shēng de xìng ”。 dāng zhài zhù zài de yǒu lín dān tài tài luò tài de jiù qíng rénde gǎn huà xià zhù dòng tuì huí jiè hòuhǎi 'ěr mào yòu duì zhuāng chū xiào liǎnchēng shì dexiǎo niǎo 'ér”、“ xiǎo bǎo bèi”, xuān chēng jīngkuān shùliǎo dàn kàn tòu liǎo hǎi 'ěr mào de duān wěirèn shí dào zhǐ guò shì de wán 'ǒu zài xìn rèn guǒ duàn yǒng gǎn kāi liǎo zhè wán 'ǒu zhī jiā”。
  
   shēng tōng guò jué xǐngchū zǒu de shìshēn jiē běn zhù shè huì zōng jiàodào ài qínghūn yīn děng de wěi chū liǎo cóng nán rén de xià jiě fàng chū lái de wèn shì wēn róu shàn liáng de wèile ràng bìng zhōng de qīn zhàng dān xīnwěi zào qīn de qiān míng jiè qián wéi zhàng zhì bìngduō nián lái rěn shòu kùn zhàng de 'àihào wéi 'àihào zhàng de huān wéi huān wéi zhàng shì 'ài de wéi shì xìng demǎn dāng zhàng dexiǎo bǎo bèi”。 dāng zhài zhù chū wēi xié de shí hòu děng dài shēng ”: de zhàng huì yǒng gǎn tǐng kuān kuò de xiōng táng bǎo dàn shì méi yòu shēng chè shī wàng liǎohǎi 'ěr mào zài jiā zhōng shì nán zhù zhězài shè huì shàng shì chǎn jiē dào zōng jiào de wéi zhěcóng biǎo miàn shàng kànhǎi 'ěr mào shì zhèng rén jūn rén”、“ fàn zhàng ”, hěn 'ài shí shàng zhǐ shì dāng zuò jiàn zhuāng shì pǐn jiàn yòu cái chǎnzhēn zhèng zhòng yào de shì de míng wèi yòu fěng wèi de shìhǎi 'ěr mào wèile biǎo bái duì deài”, shèn zhì shēng chēng wàng shēng yīcháng de zāinàn shǐ yòu huì xiǎn shì chūzhēn zhèng de nán hàn zhàng ”。 zuò jiē liǎo chǎn jiē hūn yīn de wěi xìngkěn dìng liǎo de chū zǒu yòu jìn de shè huì shì shí shàngzài dāng shí de shǐ tiáo jiàn xià zài chū zǒu zhī hòuwán quán néng gòu xiàng lín dān tài tài yàng kào de gōng zuò yǎng huó dàn zěn yàng cái néng shǐ huò zhēn zhèng de jiě fàng shēng bìng qīng chǔ zài zhōng zhǐ shì chū liǎo wèn bìng méi yòu chū jiě jué wèn de dào ér dāng shì chū jiě jué wèn de fāng 'àn shíhǎi shàng rén》), de fāng 'àn què shì cuò 'ér bùqiè shí de


  A Doll's House (Norwegian: Et dukkehjem) is an 1879 play by Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen. Written one year after The Pillars of Society, the play was the first of Ibsen's to create a sensation and is now perhaps his most famous play, and required reading in many secondary schools and universities. The play was controversial when first published, as it is sharply critical of 19th century marriage norms. It follows the formula of well-made play up until the final act, when it breaks convention by ending with a discussion, not an unravelling. It is often called the first true feminist play. The play is also an important work of the naturalist movement, in which real events and situations are depicted on stage in a departure from previous forms such as romanticism. The influence of the play was recognized by UNESCO in 2001 when Henrik Ibsen's autographed manuscripts of A Doll's House were inscribed on the Memory of the World Register in recognition of their historical value.
  
  Plot synopsis
  
  A Doll's House opens as Nora Helmer is telling Helen to hide the Christmas tree. Nora is treated as a silly, childish woman by her husband, Torvald. Her friend Kristine Linde, recently widowed and short of money, has heard about Torvald's recent promotion to head the bank and comes to ask Nora for help in persuading Torvald to give Kristine a job. Nora promises to ask Torvald to give Kristine a position as secretary. Nora confides to Kristine that she once secretly borrowed money from a disgraced lawyer, Nils Krogstad, to save Torvald's life when he was very ill, but she has not told him in order to protect his pride. She then took secret jobs copying papers by hand, which she carried out secretly in her room, and learned to take pride in her ability to earn money "as if she were a man." Torvald's promotion promises to finally liberate her from having to scrimp and save in order to be able to pay off her debt. However, she has continued to play the part of the frivolous, scatter-brained child-wife for the benefit of her husband.
  
  Meanwhile, Dr. Rank, a family friend, flirts with Nora before revealing that he is terminally ill with tuberculosis of the spine (a contemporary euphemism for congenital syphilis), with only a month to live, and that he has been secretly in love with her.
  
  Frightened after being fired by Torvald from his minor position at the bank, Krogstad approaches Nora, declaring he no longer cares about the remaining balance of her loan but will preserve the associated bond in order to blackmail Torvald into not only keeping him employed, but giving him a promotion. Krogstad informs Nora that he has written a letter detailing her crime (forging her father's signature of surety on the bond) and puts it in Torvald's mailbox, which is locked.
  
  Nora tells Kristine of her predicament. Kristine says that she and Krogstad were in love before she married, and promises she will convince him to relent.
  
  Torvald tries to check his mail before he and Nora go to a costume party, but Nora distracts him by showing him the dance she has been rehearsing for the party. Torvald declares that he will postpone reading his mail until the evening. Alone, Nora contemplates suicide to save her husband from the shame of the revelation of her crime, and more important to pre-empt any gallant gesture on his part to "save" her.
  
  Kristine tells Krogstad that she only married her husband because she had no other means to support her sick mother and young siblings, and that she has returned to offer him her love again. Krogstad is moved and offers to take back his letter to Torvald. However, Kristine decides that Torvald should know the truth for the sake of his and Nora's marriage.
  
  Back from the party, Doctor Rank gives his letters of death to the Helmers, and Nora talks to him as if nothing is going to happen. Torvald goes to check the mail; Nora does everything to stop him but fails. Torvald goes to read his letters and Nora prepares to take her life. Before she has the opportunity, Torvald intercepts her, confronting her with Krogstad's letter. In his rage, he declares that he is now completely in Krogstad's power—he must yield to Krogstad's demands and keep quiet about the whole affair. He berates Nora, calling her a dishonest and immoral woman and telling her she is unfit to raise their children. He says that their marriage will be kept only to maintain appearances.
  
  A maid enters, delivering a letter to Nora. Krogstad has returned the incriminating papers, saying that he regrets his actions. Torvald is jubilant, telling Nora he is saved as he burns the papers. He takes back his harsh words to his wife and tells her that he has forgiven her. He also explains to her that her mistake makes her all the more precious to him because it reveals an adorable helplessness, and that when a man has forgiven his wife it makes him love her all the more since she is the recipient of his generosity.
  
  By now Nora has realized that her husband is not the man she thought he was, and that her whole existence has been a lie. Her fantasy of love is just that—a fantasy. Torvald's love is highly conditional. She has been treated like a plaything, first by her father and then by her husband. She decides that she must leave to find out who she is and what to make of her life. Torvald insists she must fulfill her duty as a wife and mother, but Nora believes she also has duties to herself. From Torvald's reaction to Krogstad's letters, Nora sees that she and Torvald are strangers to each other. When Torvald asks if there is still any chance for them to rebuild their marriage, she replies that it would take "the greatest miracle of all": they would have to change so much that their life together would become a real marriage.
  
  The play ends with Nora leaving, marked by a famous door slam, while Torvald hopefully ponders the possibility of "the greatest miracle of all".
  Alternative ending
  
  It was felt by Ibsen's German agent that the original ending would not play well in German theatres; therefore, for the play's German debut, Ibsen was forced to write an alternative ending for it to be considered acceptable. In this ending, Nora is led to her children after having argued with Torvald. Seeing them, she collapses, and the curtain is brought down. Ibsen later called the ending a disgrace to the original play and referred to it as a 'barbaric outrage'.
  Productions
  
  The play made its American premiere on Broadway at the Palmer's Theatre on 21 December 1889, starring Beatrice Cameron as Nora Helmer. Other productions in the United States include one in 1902 starring Minnie Maddern Fiske and a 1997 production starring Janet McTeer at Belasco Theater, which received four Tony Awards and the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Revival of a Play. The first British production opened on 7 June 1889, starring Janet Achurch as Nora.. Achurch played Nora again for a 7-day run in 1897. A new translation by Zinnie Harris at the Donmar Warehouse, starring Gillian Anderson, Toby Stephens, Anton Lesser, Tara Fitzgerald and Christopher Eccleston opened in May 2009.
  Film, television and radio adaptations
  Main article: A Doll's House (film)
  
  A Doll's House has been adapted for several film releases including two in 1973: one directed by Joseph Losey, starring Jane Fonda, David Warner and Trevor Howard; and one directed by Patrick Garland with stars Claire Bloom, Anthony Hopkins, and Ralph Richardson. In 1993, David Thacker directed, with stars Juliet Stevenson, Trevor Eve and David Calder. Dariush Mehrjui's 1993 film Sara is based on A Doll's House, where Sara, played by Niki Karimi, is the Nora of Ibsen's play.
  
  A version for American television was made in 1959, directed by George Schaefer and starring Julie Harris, Christopher Plummer, Hume Cronyn, Eileen Heckart and Jason Robards. A 1938 US radio production starred Joan Crawford as Nora and Basil Rathbone as Torvald. A later US radio version by the Theatre Guild in 1947 featured Rathbone with Wendy Hiller, his co-star from a contemporary Broadway production.
  Critics
  
  A Doll's House criticises the traditional roles of men and women in 19th-century marriage. To many 19th-century Europeans, this was scandalous. Nothing was considered more holy than the covenant of marriage, and to portray it in such a way was completely unacceptable; however, a few more open-minded critics such as the Irish playwright George Bernard Shaw found Ibsen's willingness to examine society without prejudice exhilarating. In Germany, the production's lead actress refused to play the part of Nora unless Ibsen changed the ending, which, under pressure, he eventually did. In the alternative ending, Nora gives her husband another chance after he reminds her of her responsibility to their children. This ending proved unpopular and Ibsen later regretted his decision on the matter. Virtually all productions today, however, use the original ending, as do nearly all of the film versions of this play, including Dariush Mehrjui's Sara (the Argentine version, made in 1943 and starring Delia Garcés, does not; it also modernizes the story, setting it in the early 1940s).
  
  Much of the criticism is focused on Nora's self-discovery, but the other characters also have depth and value. The infected Dr. Rank and Nora both suffer from the irresponsibility of their fathers: Dr. Rank for the father who infected his family, Nora for the father she likely married to protect. Dr. Rank's disease becomes a metaphor for the poison infecting the Helmers' marriage and society at large. Mrs. Linde provides the model of a woman who has been forced to fend for and find herself – a self-aware, resourceful woman.
  Real-life basis
  
  A Doll's House was based on the life of Laura Kieler (maiden name Laura Smith Petersen). She was a good friend of Ibsen. Much that happened between Nora and Torvald happened to Laura and her husband, Victor, with the most important exception being the forged signature that was the basis of Nora's loan. In real life, when Victor found out about Laura's secret loan, he divorced her and had her committed to an asylum. Two years later, she returned to her husband and children at his urging, and she went on to become a well-known Danish author, living to the age of 83. In the play, Nora left Torvald with head held high, though facing an uncertain future given the limitations women faced in the society of the time. Ibsen wrote A Doll's House at the point when Laura Kieler had been committed to the asylum, and the fate of this friend of the family shook him deeply, perhaps also because Laura had asked him to intervene at a crucial point in the scandal, which he did not feel able or willing to do. Instead, he turned this life situation into an aesthetically shaped, successful drama. Kieler eventually rebound from the shame of the scandal and had her own successful writing career while remaining discontent with sole recognition as "Ibsen's Nora" years afterwards.
  měi lín chū shēng hòu qīn zhōu qióng yīn huì měi lín qīn fēn shǒu rén hùn shè jiāo chǎngměi lín qīn wéi bǎo quán jiā tíng míng huǎng shuō zhōu měi lín zhǎngdà hòu jià gěi jiā méi píngquè huì píng huà míng wéi shì de zhōu qióng jiāo wǎng píng nào chū máo dùnshēn 'ài 'ér de shì nìngkě shòu shǐ měi lín hǎo chū shǐ de méi yòu tǒng bǎo quán liǎo 'ér de míng


  Lady Windermere's Fan: A Play About a Good Woman is a four act comedy by Oscar Wilde, first produced 22 February 1892 at the St James Theatre in London. The play was first published in 1893. Like many of Wilde's comedies, it is a biting satire on the morals of Victorian society, particularly marriage.
  
  The story concerns Lady Windermere who discovers that her husband may be having an affair with another woman. She confronts her husband but he instead invites the other woman, Mrs Erlynne, to her birthday ball. Angered by her husband's unfaithfulness, Lady Windermere leaves her husband for another lover. After discovering what has transpired, Mrs Erlynne follows Lady Windermere and attempts to persuade her to return to her husband and in the course of this, Mrs Erlynne is discovered in a compromising position. She sacrifices herself and her reputation in order to save Lady Windermere's marriage. Mrs. Erlynne was originated by Marion Terry.
  
  The fan in the title can refer to both the physical object - which Lord Windermere buys for her as a 21st birthday present - and to her admirer, Lord Darlington - who pays her deeply flattering compliments and eventually reveals his love for her.
  
  Numerous characters in the play draw their names from places in the north of England: Lady Windermere from the lake Windermere, the Duchess of Berwick from Berwick-upon-Tweed, Lord Darlington from Darlington.
  
  The play's Broadway première on 5 February 1893 at Palmer's Theatre was also the first Broadway performance for stage and screen actress Julia Arthur, who played Lady Windermere.
  wáng 'ěr zài jiǔ sān nián yuè tuī chū qīng zhòng de rénhòu zhǐ xiě liǎo piān wén zhāngzhí dào liù yuè chū bǎn shī rén miàn shī shēn xiàngshí cái yòu xīn zuò pǐn wèn shì


  A Woman of No Importance is a play by Irish playwright Oscar Wilde. The play premièred on 19 April 1893 at London's Haymarket Theatre. It is a testimony of Wilde's wit and his brand of dark comedy. It looks in particular at English upper class society and has been reproduced on stages in Europe and North America since his death in 1900. A film based on this play is in production and is due to be released in 2011
  
  Original production
  
  Herbert Beerbohm Tree, actor-manager of London's Haymarket Theatre, asked Oscar Wilde to write him a play following the success of Wilde's Lady Windermere's Fan at the St. James Theatre. Wilde was initially quite reluctant since the character Tree would take was not the sort of part he associated with the actor: "You must forget that you ever played Hamlet; you must forget that you ever played Falstaff; above all, you must forget that you ever played a duke in a melodrama by Henry Arthur Jones." Wilde went so far as to describe Lord Illingworth as himself.
  
  This appears to have made Tree all the more determined and thus Wilde wrote the play while staying at a farmhouse near Felbrigg in Norfolk — with Lord Alfred Douglas — while his wife and sons stayed at Babbacombe Cliff near Torquay. Rehearsals started in March 1893. Tree enjoyed the part of Lord Illingworth and continued to play it outside the theatre, leading Wilde to comment "every day Herbert becomes de plus en plus oscarisé" ("more and more Oscarised").
  
  The play opened on 19 April 1893. The first performance was a great success, though Wilde, while taking his bow as the author, was booed, apparently because of a line stating "England lies like a leper in purple" — which was later removed. The Prince of Wales attended the second performance and told Wilde not to alter a single line.
  
  The play was also performed in New York and was due to go on tour when Wilde was arrested and charged with indecency and sodomy following his feud with the Marquess of Queensberry over the Marquess' son, Lord Alfred Douglas. The tour was cancelled.
  Criticisms
  
  A Woman of No Importance has been described as the "weakest of the plays Wilde wrote in the Nineties". Many critics note that much of the first act-and-a-half surrounds the witty conversations of members of the upper-classes, the drama only beginning in the second half of the second act with Lord Illingworth and Mrs Arbuthnot finding their pasts catching up with them.
  
  Lytton Strachey gave a curious interpretation of the relationship between Lord Illingworth and his new-found son Gerald when Tree put on another production of the play in 1907. In a letter to Duncan Grant he described Lord Illingworth (again played by Tree) as having incestuous homosexual designs on his son. Strachey's interpretation of Tree's performance was probably influenced by Wilde's exposure as a homosexual himself.
  Themes
  
  Like many of Wilde's plays the main theme is the secrets of the upper-classes: Lord Illingworth discovering that the young man he has employed as a secretary is in fact his illegitimate son, a situation similar to the central plot of Lady Windermere's Fan. Secrets would also affect the characters of The Importance of Being Earnest.
  
  In one scene, Lord Illingworth and Mrs. Allonby (whose unseen husband is called Ernest) share the line "All women become like their mothers. That is their tragedy.", "No man does. That is his." Algernon would make the same remark in The Importance of Being Earnest.
  Characters of the play
  
  Lord Illingworth
   He is a man of about 45 and a bachelor. He is witty and clever and a practised flirt, who knows how to make himself agreeable to women. He is Mrs. Arbuthnot's former lover and seducer and the father of Gerald Arbuthnot. Also, he has a promising diplomatic career and is shortly to become Ambassador to Vienna. He enjoys the company of Mrs. Allonby, who has a similar witty and amoral outlook to his own, and who also engages in flirting. His accidental acquaintance with Gerald, to whom he offers the post of private secretary, sets in motion the chain of events that form the main plot of the play. Illingworth is a typical Wildean dandy.
  
  Mrs. Arbuthnot
   Apparently a respectable widow who does good work among the poor and is a regular churchgoer. She declines invitations to dinner parties and other social amusements, although she does visit the upper class characters at Lady Hunstanton's, since they all appear to know her and her son, Gerald. However, the audience soon realise that she has a secret past with Lord Illingworth who is the father of her son, Gerald.
  
  Gerald Arbuthnot
   The illegitimate son of Mrs. Arbuthnot and Lord Illingworth. Gerald's young and rather inexperienced character represents the desire to find a place in society, and gain high social standing. His naivety allows him to accept uncritically what society deems as proper, and his belief in honour and duty is what leads him to insist upon his parents' marriage.
  
  Mrs. Allonby
   A flirtatious woman who has a bit of a reputation for controversy. She is not the stereotypical female character and exchanges witty repartee with Lord Illingworth, indeed she could be viewed as a female dandy. It is she who dares Illingworth to "kiss the Puritan."
  
  Miss Hester Worsley
   As an American Puritan and an outsider to the British society in the play, Hester is in an ideal position to witness its faults and shortcomings more clearly than those who are part of it. Hester is both an orphan and an heiress, which allows her to "adopt" Mrs. Arbuthnot as her mother at the end of the play.
  
  Jane, Lady Hunstanton
   The host of the party. Means well but is quite ignorant, shown in her conversation and lack of knowledge. Could be seen as portraying the typical Victorian aristocrat.
  
  Lady Caroline Pontefract
   A very strong bully, shown by her belittling of Mr. Kelvil whom she constantly refers to as Mr. "Kettle". Her traditionalist views are in direct contrast to Mrs Allonby.
  
  The Ven. Archdeacon Daubeny, D.D.
   Seen as the 'ultimate priest' his willingness to 'sacrifice' his free time for the benefit of his wife who is seen as an invalid of dramatic proportions. Shows his discomfort at being within the upper-class social circle.
  
  Lady Stutfield
   A naive and intellectually restricted character that shows her lack of vocabulary with constant repetitions such as her use of the phrase, "Quite, Quite". However this view is a misconception, and those who study the women characters in depth will find Lady Stutfeild to be full of ulterior motives and desperate for male attention.
  
  Mr. Kelvil, M.P.
   A stuffily and thoroughly modern progressive moralist. He earnestly wishes to improve society and in particular the lot of the lower classes, but seems to lack the charisma and charm to succeed — for example, he chooses to discuss the monetary standard of bimetallism with Lady Stutfield.
  
  Lord Alfred Rufford
   A stereotypically lazy aristocrat who is constantly in debt with no intentions of paying back his debtors due to him spending other peoples money on luxury items such as jewelry.
  
  Sir John Pontefract
   Husband to Lady Caroline Pontefract, he is a quiet man who allows his wife to control their relationship. He seems weary of his wife's behaviour, constantly correcting her mispronounciation of Mr. Kelvil's name.
  
  Farquhar, Butler
  Francis, Footman
  Alice, Servant
  kǎo chá wáng 'ěr zài xiǎng zhàng zhōng miáo de xìng shēng cún zhuàng kuàng chū , tàn tǎo shí dài xìng guān de chōng , zhǐ chū de xìng rén yòu xià sān diǎn : , xìng bié jiè xiàn , shǎo shàng céng shè huì xìng shēn shàng xiàn liǎo zuò zhě běn rén dewán jīng shén ; 'èr , fēn xìng shí xiàn děng tóng quán de mǎn , zài zhuī qiú de guò chéng zhōng wēi xié dào nán xìng de shēng cún kōng jiān ; sān , xiǎng de xìng shì zài wéi de , jiān chí de yóu chéng rèn rén de yóu


  An Ideal Husband is an 1895 comedic stage play by Oscar Wilde which revolves around blackmail and political corruption, and touches on the themes of public and private honour. The action is set in London, in "the present", and takes place over the course of twenty four hours. "Sooner or later," Wilde notes, "we shall all have to pay for what we do." But he adds that, "No one should be entirely judged by their past."
  
  Background
  
  In the summer of 1893, Oscar Wilde began writing An Ideal Husband, and he completed it later that winter. At this point in his career he was accustomed to success, and in writing An Ideal Husband he wanted to ensure himself public fame. His work began at Goring-on-Thames, after which he named the character Lord Goring, and concluded at St. James Place. He initially sent the completed play to the Garrick Theatre, where the manager rejected it, but it was soon accepted by the Haymarket Theatre, where Lewis Waller had temporarily taken control. Waller was an excellent actor and cast himself as Sir Robert Chiltern. The play gave the Haymarket the success it desperately needed. After opening on January 3, 1895, it continued for 124 performances. In April of that year, Wilde was arrested for 'gross indecency' and his name was publicly taken off the play. On April 6, soon after Wilde's arrest, the play moved to the Criterion Theatre where it ran from April 13–27. The play was published in 1899, although Wilde was not listed as the author. This published version differs slightly from the performed play, for Wilde added many passages and cut others. Prominent additions included written stage directions and character descriptions. Wilde was a leader in the effort to make plays accessible to the reading public.
  Dramatis Personae
  
   * The Earl of Caversham, K.G.
   * Lord Goring, his son. His Christian name is Arthur.
   * Sir Robert Chiltern, Bart., Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs
   * Vicomte De Nanjac, Attaché at the French Embassy In London
   * Mr. Montford, secretary to Sir Robert
   * Mason, butler to Sir Robert Chiltern
   * Phipps, butler to Lord Goring
   * James, footman to the Chilterns
   * Harold, footman to the Chilterns
   * Lady Chiltern, wife to Sir Robert Chiltern
   * Lady Markby, a friend of the Chilterns'
   * The Countess of Basildon, a friend of the Chilterns'
   * Mrs. Marchmont, a friend of the Chilterns'
   * Miss Mabel Chiltern, Sir Robert Chiltern's sister
   * Mrs. Cheveley, blackmailer, Lady Chiltern's former schoolmate
  
  Plot
  
  An Ideal Husband opens during a dinner party at the home of Sir Robert Chiltern in London's fashionable Grosvenor Square. Sir Robert, a prestigious member of the House of Commons, and his wife, Lady Chiltern, are hosting a gathering that includes his friend Lord Goring, a dandified bachelor and close friend to the Chilterns, his sister Mabel Chiltern, and other genteel guests. During the party, Mrs. Cheveley, an enemy of Lady Chiltern's from their school days, attempts to blackmail Sir Robert into supporting a fraudulent scheme to build a canal in Argentina. Apparently, Mrs. Cheveley's dead mentor and lover, Baron Arnheim, convinced the young Sir Robert many years ago to sell him a Cabinet secret, a secret that suggested he buy stocks in the Suez Canal three days before the British government announced its purchase. Sir Robert made his fortune with that illicit money, and Mrs. Cheveley has the letter to prove his crime. Fearing both the ruin of career and marriage, Sir Robert submits to her demands.
  
  When Mrs. Cheveley pointedly informs Lady Chiltern of Sir Robert's change of heart regarding the canal scheme, the morally inflexible Lady, unaware of both her husband's past and the blackmail plot, insists that Sir Robert renege on his promise. For Lady Chiltern, their marriage is predicated on her having an "ideal husband"—that is, a model spouse in both private and public life that she can worship: thus Sir Robert must remain unimpeachable in all his decisions. Sir Robert complies with the lady's wishes and apparently seals his doom. Also toward the end of Act I, Mabel and Lord Goring come upon a diamond brooch that Lord Goring gave someone many years ago. Goring takes the brooch and asks that Mabel inform him if anyone comes to retrieve it.
  
  In the second act, which also takes place at Sir Robert's house, Lord Goring urges Sir Robert to fight Mrs. Cheveley and admit his guilt to his wife. He also reveals that he and Mrs. Cheveley were formerly engaged. After finishing his conversation with Sir Robert, Goring engages in flirtatious banter with Mabel. He also takes Lady Chiltern aside and obliquely urges her to be less morally inflexible and more forgiving. Once Goring leaves, Mrs. Cheveley appears, unexpected, in search of a brooch she lost the previous evening. Incensed at Sir Robert's reneging on his promise, she ultimately exposes Sir Robert to his wife once they are both in the room. Unable to accept a Sir Robert now unmasked, Lady Chiltern then denounces her husband and refuses to forgive him.
  
  In the third act, set in Lord Goring's home, Goring receives a pink letter from Lady Chiltern asking for his help, a letter that might be read as a compromising love note. Just as Goring receives this note, however, his father, Lord Caversham, drops in and demands to know when his son will marry. A visit from Sir Robert, who seeks further counsel from Goring, follows. Meanwhile, Mrs. Cheveley arrives unexpectedly and, misrecognized by the butler as the woman Goring awaits, is ushered into Lord Goring's drawing room. While she waits, she finds Lady Chiltern's letter. Ultimately, Sir Robert discovers Mrs. Cheveley in the drawing room and, convinced of an affair between these two former loves, angrily storms out of the house.
  
  When she and Lord Goring confront each other, Mrs. Cheveley makes a proposal: claiming still to love Goring from their early days of courtship, she offers to exchange Sir Robert's letter for her old beau's hand in marriage. Lord Goring declines, accusing her of defiling love by reducing courtship to a vulgar transaction and ruining the Chilterns' marriage. He then springs his trap. Removing the diamond brooch from his desk drawer, he binds it to Cheveley's wrist with a hidden device. Goring then reveals how the item came into her possession: apparently Mrs. Cheveley stole it from his cousin years ago. To avoid arrest, Cheveley must trade the incriminating letter for her release from the bejeweled handcuff. After Goring obtains and burns the letter, however, Mrs. Cheveley steals Lady Chiltern's note from his desk. Vengefully she plans to send it to Sir Robert misconstrued as a love letter addressed to the dandified lord. Mrs. Cheveley exits the house in triumph.
  
  The final act, which returns to Grosvenor Square, resolves the many plot complications sketched above with a decidedly happy ending. Lord Goring proposes to and is accepted by Mabel. Lord Caversham informs his son that Sir Robert has denounced the Argentine canal scheme before the House. Lady Chiltern then appears, and Lord Goring informs her that Sir Robert's letter has been destroyed but that Mrs. Cheveley has stolen her letter and plans to use it to destroy her marriage. At that moment, Sir Robert enters while reading Lady Chiltern's letter, but he has mistaken it for a letter of forgiveness written for him. The two reconcile. Lady Chiltern initially agrees to support Sir Robert's decision to renounce his career in politics, but Lord Goring dissuades her from allowing her husband to resign. When Sir Robert refuses Lord Goring his sister's hand in marriage, still believing he has taken up with Mrs. Cheveley, Lady Chiltern is forced to explain last night's events and the true nature of the letter. Sir Robert relents, and Lord Goring and Mabel are permitted to wed.
  Film, television and radio adaptations
  1947 film
  Main article: An Ideal Husband (1947 film)
  
  A lavish 1947 adaptation was produced by London Films and starred Paulette Goddard, Michael Wilding and Diana Wynyard
  1998 film
  Main article: An Ideal Husband (1998 film)
  
  It was adapted for the screen in 1998. It starred James Wilby and Jonathan Firth
  1999 film
  Main article: An Ideal Husband (film)
  
  It was adapted once more for the screen in 1999. It starred Julianne Moore, Cate Blanchett and Rupert Everett
  Television and Radio
  
  The BBC produced a version which aired in 1969 and starred Jeremy Brett and Margaret Leighton. It is available on DVD as part of the The Oscar Wilde Collection.
  
  BBC Radio 3 broadcast a full production in 2007 directed by David Timson and starring Alex Jennings, Emma Fielding, Jasper Britton, Janet McTeer and Geoffrey Palmer. This production was re-broadcast on Valentine's Day 2010.
  
  L.A. Theatre Works produced an audio adaption of the play starring Jacqueline Bisset, Rosalind Ayres, Martin Jarvis, Miriam Margolyes, Alfred Molina, Yeardley Smith and Robert Machray. It is available as a CD set, ISBN 1-58081-215-5.
  wéi měi zhù de dài biǎo rén 'ào . wáng 'ěr de rèn zhēn de zhòng yào xìngmiáo huì liǎo wéi duō shí shàng céng shè huì de shēng huó fēng jǐng huà zhōng liǎng wèi zhùjué de shuāngchóng shēng huó gěi měi wèi zhě liú xià liǎo shēn de yìn xiàng bìng qiě chéng wéi chōng de guān jiànxiàn shí shēng huó zhōng de wáng 'ěr guò zhe zhǒng yǐn de shuāngchóng shēng huó , zhè shǐ rén lián xiǎng dào 'èr zhě de nèi zài lián jiè zhù jīng shén fēn de xiē lùn , běn wén zhuólì jiē kāi biǎo miàn shuāngchóng shēng huó xià suǒ yǐn cáng de shēn de xīn shè huì gēn yuán


  The Importance of Being Earnest, A Trivial Comedy for Serious People is a play by Oscar Wilde. It premiered on 14 February 1895 at the St. James's Theatre in London.
  
  Set in late Victorian England in 1895, the play's humour derives in part from characters maintaining fictitious identities to escape unwelcome social obligations. It is replete with witty dialogue and satirises some of the foibles and hypocrisy of late Victorian society. It has proved Wilde's most enduringly popular play.
  
  The successful opening night of this play marked the climax of Wilde's career but also heralded his impending downfall. The Marquess of Queensberry, father of Wilde's lover Lord Alfred Douglas, attempted to enter the theatre, intending to throw vegetables at the playwright when he took his bow at the end of the show. Wilde was tipped off and Queensberry was refused admission. Nonetheless, Queensberry's hostility to Wilde was soon to trigger the latter's legal travails and eventual imprisonment. Wilde's notoriety caused the play, despite its success, to be closed after only 83 performances. He never wrote another play.
  duì léi lái shuōài qíng shì me wēi dào de fēn zhì yòu rén huái duì 'ào fěi de 'àizhè duì xiǎn rán yòu shī gōng yǔn men rèn wéi zài suō shì de chuàng zuò dòng zhōng léi shì yòu yán dàng xìng de rén cóng yán dàngshā 'ěr niǔ shā liǎng péng yǒuzài 'ào fěi de zàng shàng yuè 'ér chū)。 rèn wéi zào chéng zhè jiēguǒ guī wéi liǎng diǎn kǒng gèng qíng
  
   duì qīn de 'àisuǒ shuō luò de jiě shì shì yòu jià zhí suǒ zài de zhōng léi wǎng wǎng jiāng 'ào bìng kàn chū qīn shī zhēn shì gěi de xīn zào chéng duō me de yīn yǐngzhè dǎo bìng shì shuō de shū zuò liǎo qián shí qiú de shì zhì xīn shǒu ruǎnbèi zhùér zài qīn gǎi jià zhè jiàn shì lìng zài xiāng xìn rénzhè zhǒng tòu chè de liǎo yòu shì 'ài rén de wàng jiū chán zài zhì tòng wàn fēnshǒu cuò
  
   èrzhèng yòu de shā píng jiā chēng léi xìng de xíng chéng fēn yuán yīn zài suō shì duì de cái jiā zhè yòu tiáo zhèng léi de duì yǎn de duàn píng shuōzhū duō fāng shì wéi liǎo biǎo xiàn zuò zhě de cōng míng cái zhì duì shè huì de bāo biǎnzhè zài diǎn zhù zuò jiā shì xiǎng xiàng de), zài tóng shí yào biǎo xiàn guān ài qíng guān yòu yào biǎo xiàn chóushì tuō yán liǎo hòu zhězài huí dào kāi tóu de pàn duàn men kàn léi qián de chǎng jǐng shuō de shì yòu guān dān mài chéng quán de wèn shè xiǎng xià guǒ zhěng chū shēng zài luó 'ōu shēn shàng me lín shí shì bào zhe qīn jiù shì huàn zhe 'ào fěi de míng suǒ shuō zhè jiě chéng shè huì pàn shì qíng yòu yuán deyīn wéi jìng men lüè liǎo zhè diǎn léi de shēn fèn shì wáng ér fēi gōng ér wáng shì jiāng chéng wáng wèi de
   léi - léi rén de xiāng guān píng jià
  
  
   léi xiàn dài huà jìn chéng de pǐn
   léi léi
  
  《 léi zài suō zhōng suǒ yǐn de zhēng lùn kǒng shì zuì duō deduì suō shì yòng yán zhì biān zhì 'ér chéng de léi xíng xiàng de píng lùn jīng yuǎn yuǎn chāo chū wén xué píng lùn de lǐng tuò zhǎn dào shè huì xuéxīn xuérén xué děng céng miàn léi yán dàng zhī hái néng zài jiě duì wèn de huí néng qiú zhù mǒu lùn yán shùér shì xiān léi yán dàng de yuán chū xiàn xiàng léi bēi de xiǎn rán chāo chū liǎo wén xīng shì shì fāng xiàn dài huà jìn chéng de shēng pǐn
  
  
  
   yòu xué zhě zhǐ chū guǒ zài léi wáng jiù gàndiào liǎo láo de huà,《 léi jiù gāi liǎo jiù shì shuō léi de yán dàng zài zhōng bìng fēi shì yòu dehuò shì léi xuǎn de léi de yán dàng shì rán de miǎn de me léi de yán dàng de bēi de guān shí zhì shì shénme
  
   zài zhōng,“ yán dàng zào chéng liǎo léi zài láo dǎo gào shí cuò shī wéi chóu de liáng tóng shí yán dàng yòu shì léi tóng jià zhí chōng chōng fēn zhǎn kāi de guò chéng yán dàng shì léi bēi xìng shì jiàn zhōng de yīn guǒ tóng shí yòu shì zhǒng jià zhí yào qiú shí xiàn shēn de guò chéngshè chūzhǐ yòu men jīng shén shì xiàn háo fēn jiāng xíng dòngjiāo diǎn luò zài shì de yīn guǒ xìng shàng luò zài jià zhí de nèi zài yào qiú shàng shícái huì xiàn bēi xìng guǒ léi de bēi kàn chéng shì chún cuì de yīn guǒ shì jiànshì xiàn zhōng de bēi xìng deyīn wéi,“ shì de yīn guǒ guò chéng duì jiànchū xiàn de jià zhí jiā kǎo ”。 zhè jiù zài lāi 'ā de jiàn zhōng léi de shì zhòngdú de rán jiēguǒzhè shì jiàn zài chún cuì xìng shàng shì bāo hán jià zhí yīn deér léi de bēi shì wéi chún cuì shì rén wén zhù zhě fēng jiàn zhù zhě de dǒu zhēng jīng bāo hán liǎo jiāng léi shì wéi rén wén zhù zhě zhè zhī shì fǒu zhèng què de jié lùn dāng zuò liǎo jiā zhì de lùn xiān jiàn lái yùn yòng wǎng wǎng zào chéng duì fēng jiàn zhù de dào qiǎn dài duì bēi xìng de fēn léi bēi debēi jiézài léi bēi shì jiàn zhōng de yīn guǒ xìng léi suǒ dài biǎo de jià zhí nèi zài yào qiú de guān lián zhōngliǎng zhě de lián jié diǎn jiù shì léi de yán dàngyán dàng wèi shì léi bēi debēi jié”。
  
   duì yán dàngxué jiè bān shì zhī wéi léi de xíng wéiér méi yòu guān zhù dào yán dàng zài zhōng shí gèng wéi gēn běn de shì zhǒng jià zhí gǎn xiàn xiànghuò zhě shuōjué dìng léi yán dàng de shì léi de zhǒng jià zhí gǎnzài zhōng léi wéi chóu de yuàn wàng shuō shì qiáng liè dào liǎo jiā de dàn zài tīng liǎo guǐ hún de huà zhī hòubìng méi yòu zhí jiē shí shī chóuér shì chéng wéi fēng diānde kǎo zhěér de“ Tobeornottobe” de wèn suǒ bāo hán de shí shì zhǒng jià zhí gǎn
  
  
  
   yào shì jiù liǎo méi yòu rén huí lái de
  
   cóng wèi xiàn de guó biān
  
   hái zhī huì zěn yàngyīn zhì dòng yáo liǎo
  
   yīn biàn níng yuàn rěn shòu qián de zāi yāng
  
   ér yuàn tóubèn lìng xiē wèi zhī de nán
  
   zhè yàng shǐ mendōu chéng liǎo nuò
  
   jiù zhè yàng jué duàn jué xíng de běn
  
   méng shàng liǎo cǎn bái de céng de bìng róng
  
   běn hōng hōng liè liè de zuò wéi
  
   yóu zhè diǎn xiǎng tōngjiù chū liǎo bié niǔ
  
   shī liǎo xíng dòng de míngfèn
  
  2)( sān yīcháng
  
   léi de zhè kǎo zài zuò pǐn zhōng fēi cháng xiàn shì cóng wèi xiàn de guó de gōu ,“ de shuì miánděng děng duì shì zhǒng xíng 'ér shàng de kǒng zhè zhǒng kǎo yuǎn yuǎn chāo chū liǎo chóu běn shēnduì léi lái shuōzhè zhǒng shēng yàn jiào zhī chóu zhī lèi de xíng wéi yòu zhe jià zhí shàng de yōu xiān xìng léi suǒ shuō de shǐ men chéng liǎo nuò de bìng shì duì chóu hòu guǒ de ér shì shēng mìng jià zhí bìng wèi dào zuì zhōng què rèn de zài léi de kǎo zhōng chóu cóng láidōu méi yòu chéng wéi wèn de chóu de shì míng xiǎn 'ér yòu jiān dìng dezhǐ shì léi de jià zhí piān 'ài zàixiàn shì héng héng wèi zhīde jià zhí lián jié shàngjiù xíng dòng jià zhí 'ér yánjià zhí yòu zhe zhēng de yōu xiān xìngjià zhí yōu xiān huò jià zhí piān 'ài jué dìng liǎo léi zài chù shì shì de shí hòushǒu xiān shì zhuóyǎn rénshì de jià zhí 'ér fēi de rénshì zài jià zhí shàng wèi què rèn zhī qián léi shì huì mào rán jiù xíng dòng dezhè diǎn cóng léi duì láo de chàn huǐ hòu de fǎn yìng tóng yàng kàn chū
  
   xiàn zài zhèng hǎo dòng shǒu zhèng zài dǎo gào
  
   xiàn zài jiù gān jiù mìng guī tiān
  
   jiù bào liǎo chóu liǎozhè yào suàn suàn
  
   'è hàn shā liǎo de qīn
  
   zhè shēng zhè 'è hàn què sòng shàng tiān táng。( sān sān chǎng
  
   léi yòu tiān tángde guān niàn cóng zhōng shì què dìng deyīn wéi hòu de shì jiè duì shàng shì wèi zhī de guó yuàn zài láo zhèng líng hún qīng jìngde shí hòu bào chóuyuán yīn jiù zài de jià zhí piān 'ài shàng léi méi yòu chóu shì wéi chún cuì de shā rén shì jiànér shì kàn zuò liǎo jià zhí shì jiàn suǒ yào de bìng fēi shì xiāo miè láo de ròu duì lái shuōzhòng yào de shìgān”( chóude jià zhí yào yòu suǒ shǔ de wéi chóu dejīng shén qíng gǎn xiàng shǒu xiān shì zài láo shì xiōng xíng wéi suǒ biǎo xiàn chū lái de zuì běn shēnyán shuō léi de chóu yào fǒu dìng de shì láo běn rénér shì láo shēn shàng xiàn chū de zuì de jià zhílíng húnqīng jìngde shēng mìng zài léi kàn lái bìng fēi shì zuì de jià zhí de zài ér zhèng shì shēng mìng jià zhí de xiàn duì láo de chàn huǐ xiǎng dào de shì:“ shì zhào men rén shì de xiǎng kàn lái de niè zhài gāi hěn zhòng xiàn zài jiě jué què shì chèn líng hún qīng jìngzhǔn bèi chéng shú de shí hòuzhè néng suàn bào chóu 。”( sān sān chǎngzhào rén shì de xiǎng jiāng láo de ròu xiāo miè jiù suàn bào chóuzhè shì shì de shí zhí jiē zhēn duì de duì xiàng shì zuì de zài léi méi yòu zhè zhǒng shì de yuán kàn gāo qiē nèi xīn huái yòuzuì zhōng shěn pànde xiǎng suǒ xiǎng de shì yào zài láo de ròu shēn zuì shí xiāo miè dào gòu xiāo zuì běn shēn de mùdìshǐ láo de líng húnxiàng yàng de hēizhí gǔn jìn ”。 zài miàn duì shā shā de wèn shíqiáng liè de jià zhí gǎn shǐ léi jiāng láo de ròu shēn shì xiōngluàn lún de zuì běn shēn jiā liǎo ér zhèng zài chàn huǐ zhī zhōng de láo zài léi kàn lái bìng méi yòu zài zhe zuì de chóu zhī jiàn biàn zàn shí shōu liǎo láicóng zhè diǎn kàn léi bìng fēi xiàng bié lín shuō de shì fàn liǎorén fēn liè zhèng”, léi de xīn xìng zhì shǐ zhōng shì zhì dejià zhí wèn shǐ zhōng shì guān zhù de shǒu yào wèn zhèng shì xīn xìng zhì zhōng de jià zhí yōu xiān yuán shǐ léi xiàn liǎo yán dàng zhī zhōng
  
   èr
  
   yóu shàngshì shēng mìng jià zhí yōu xiān yuán běn shēn dǎo zhì liǎo léi de bēi wèn bìng fēi jiǎn dānyīn wéi zhè hái shè bēi chōng de wèn shè shuō guò,“ qiē chēng wéi bēi xìng de shì jūn zài jià zhí jià zhí guān de lǐng zhōng huó dòng。” 1)( P254)“ ruò gān xiāng dāng gāo de jià zhí de zài xiāng kàng zhēng zhōng de zài yīn 'ér huǐ miè,” 1)( P260) cái yòu bēi xìng yán léi shì jià zhí de zài dàn bìng fēi chún cuì jiù shì shēng mìng jià zhí de zài tóng shí hái shì mǒu zhèng dāng shè huì zhì jià zhí de zài zhè diǎn cóng léi suǒ miàn duì de liǎng nán xuǎn jiàn chū
  
   léi shì chōng de níng jié diǎnzài shēn shàngníng liǎo láo 'é fěi lāi 'ā luó sēn lán 'ěr dùn dān de chōng zhè xiē chōng dōushì yīn léi yào chóu 'ér zhǎn dedàn shì zhēn zhèng de chōng zài běn wén kàn lái què shì shè huì zhì rén xīn zhì yōu xiān xìng de xiāng kàng zhēngluò shí zài léi shēn shàng jiù shì zhòng zhěng qián kūn què rèn shēng mìng jià zhí de yōu xiān xìng de kàng zhēng
  
   rén xīn zhì zài qián shù yòu miáo shù léi miàn duì de shè huì zhì shì shénme shǐ jiàn jīn wài guó cái fǎn yìng yīng guó tiān kōng xià cái yòu de shì qíngsuō shì zhè chuàng zuò diǎn dào gōng rènzài hěn chéng shàng men shuō léi miàn duì de shè huì zhì jiù shì suō shì chuàng zuò shí dài de yīng guó shè huì zhì zhè zhì yònghēng liù shìzhōng de huà lái shuō jiù shì:“ cǎn rěn de jǐng xiàngxuè de shí dàishī zhēng duó xuéxiāng dǒu de xùn yáng què zài chóu shā zhōng zāo yāng!” zhè yàng bēi cǎn de shí dài wén xīng yīng guó dídí xiǎng zhì guān niàn yòu xué zhě jīng mǐn ruì zhǐ chūsuō shì chuàng zuò zhōng cún zài zhe wén xīng shí yīng guó dezhì guān niànrèn wéi zài suō shì de shǐ zhōng jiù bāo hán liǎo dezhì guān”: lùn shì zhěng zhòu hái shì mǒu zhǒng nèi dōuyòu dìng de pái fāng shì。 3)( P84) dàn xiàn shí de de rén shì què wǎng wǎng yòu zhì ér zào chéng shè huì zhì de shī fàn léi duì zhè yàng shí dài cóng zǒng shàng shì gǎn dào shī wàng de。“ léi shì zhǒng fěng de kǒu jiǎng de zhè duàn huà,” 3)( P85) zhè shì léi duì rén de wèi de huái tóng shí gèng shì léi de zhǒng shí dài zhì guān niàn de fǎn yìngzǒng 'ér yán zhīzài léi kàn lái shì
  
   shí dài zhěng 'ér tuō jié liǎoāzhēn zāo
  
   tiān shēng piān yào chóngxīn zhěng hǎo!( chǎng
  
   zhè gǎn tàn bāo hán zhe shénme yàng de shēn shí dài tuō jié liǎoxiàng tiān shén yàng de wáng rán bào shū qīn jié hūnzhè xiē lìng léi gǎn dào 'ěxīnbiǎo míng léi duì suǒ chù de shè huì zhì bìng mǎn èryào zhòng xīn zhěng hǎo bìng fēi shì wéi chóu de dòng ér shì wéi chóu de biāo léi xiǎng tōng guò chóu xiāo miè láo xiàn de zuìrèn wéi zhè yàng jiù shǐ shí dài zài diān dǎo guò láisānzhēn zāo léi bìng méi yòu gěi zhòng zhěng qián kūn dào shàng de yóuxiāng fǎn què rèn wéi zhè shì zhēn zāo de shìshè huì zhì de shī fàn rén xīn zhì de shī zài shǐ zhōng wǎng wǎng shì gòng shēng de léi zài shēng mìng jià zhí hái méi dào què rèn zhī qián zài rén xīn zhì hái méi 'ān dùn hǎo zhī qiánjiù bèi yào zhòng zhěng shè huì zhì zhè duì shì jiàn fēi cháng zāo de shì qíngzài zhè diǎn shàng niè shuō de léi zài zhěng shì jiè shàng zhǎo dào de líng hún de dōng ” 4)( P465) dǎo yòu dìng de dào zài shí dài tuō jié de qíng kuàng xià léi zhǎo dào rén xīn zhì 'ān dùn de fāngér zhè què shì zuì jǐn yào de
  
   zhòng zhěng qián kūn de rèn zhēn zāode gǎn jué jīng jiàn chū liǎo léi nèi xīn chōng de duān shuōzài shè huì zhì shī fànrén xīn zhì wèi céng 'ān dùn shí léi de nèi xīn chǎn shēng liǎo zhǒng qiáng liè de shí dài xiāng róng de duàn liè gǎn léi de xīn xìng bìng fēi shì zhòng zhěng qián kūn dāng zuò zuì yōu xiān jiě jué de wèn dàn shìquè shēn yóu yào dān dāng zhè rèn shuō shì léi zhù dòng chéng dān liǎo zhè rèn shuō shì zhè rèn luò zài liǎo léi de shēn shàng
  
   léi bìng méi yòu xún rèn zài xīn tài zhōng lùn zhèng yào zhòng zhěng chū shénme yàng de shí dàizài zhěng zhōng háo méi yòu léi xiǎng de miáo shù léi zài xīn xìng zhì shàng bìng shì mìng zhěér shì xiǎng què rèn shēng mìng jià zhí zài de xiǎng zhělǎo guó wáng guǐ hún yóu fēn shuō yào léi chéng dān chóu de rèn léi zài wài de xià yóu chóngxīn zhěng hǎo shí dài dāng zuò liǎo shǔ de rènfēi zhù xuǎn de rèn léi de xīn xìng zhì shì de xiāng shǔ de chóngxīn zhěng hǎo shí dài de rèn luò zài chén shēng mìng de léi shēn shàngbiàn yòu liǎo zhòng zhěng qián kūn shēng mìng jià zhí de yōu xiān xìng de xiāng kàng zhēng léi bēi zài běn zhì shàng jiù shì zhè kàng zhēng de xiàn léi shì zhòng zhěng qián kūn shēng mìng jià zhí shuāngchóng jià zhí de zài léi yóu yán dàng zhuǎn tóu nǎo zhǐ yòu liúxiě de niàn tóu shì liǎng zhǒng jià zhí kàng zhēng de jiēguǒ
  
   léi zhè zhuǎn biàn zài wài yīn shàng shì shòu liǎo dīng jūn duì de dīng zài zhōng suī zhǐ shì pèijué léi xiāng biǎo xiàn chū liǎo léi shēn shàng suǒ méi yòu de shí yòng jīng shén léi zài dān mài yuán kàn liǎo dīng de jūn duì hòuyòu cháng duàn bái zài zuì hòu shuō dào
  
   qīn bèi hài qīn shòu
  
   jiǎo tóu nǎo mào huǒxuè fèi téng
  
   què ràng qiēdōu shuì jué 'ér yòu miàn
  
   kàn zhè me liǎng wàn rén què jiù yào
  
   wèile diǎn diǎn huàn mèng diǎn diǎn míng
  
   jìn fén zhǐ dāng shàng chuáng jiù yào zhēng duó
  
   kuài xiǎo fāng xiǎo dào róng xià
  
   zhè xiē rén dāng zhàn chǎng gòu dāng fén lái mái zàng
  
   zhèn wáng de zhàn shì ācóng jīn hòu
  
   de tóu nǎo zhǐ yòu liúxiě de niàn tóu!( chǎng
  
   xué jiè fēn léi zhè duàn bái wǎng wǎng rèn wéi zhè shì léi xìng de zhuǎn zhé diǎnshì léi cóng yán dàng zhuǎn xíng dòng de guān jiàncóng biǎo miàn kàn lái shì cuòdàn wèn shì léi duì shēng mìng jià zhí de piān 'àizěn me huì zài shòu dīng shì bīng de jiùzhǐ yòu liúxiě de niàn tóu léi zhǔn bèi liúxiě yào ràng bié rén liúxiě de niàn tóu xiàng duì shēng de kǎo yàng shì zhù dòng xuǎn de jiēguǒ
  
   léi de yán dàng xíng dòng zhī jiān guǒ méi yòu rán de lián léi de xìng rán shì tǒng decóng léi de bái kàn léi jìn guǎn xià dìng chóu de jué xīn zhī shí méi wàng duì shēng mìng jià zhí de kǎo de nèi xīn shēn chù hái zài duàn xún wèn shēng mìng zài de wèn shuō
  
   shì jiū jìng shì yóu
  
   qín shòu de jiàn wàng hái shì yīn wéi hòu guǒ
  
   kǎo guòfèn zhōu xiǎng lái xiǎng
  
   zhǐ luò fēn shì sān fēn nuò qiè héng héng
  
   shí zài zhī dào wèishénme tiān tiān guò xià
  
   zhǐ guǎn zài kǒu rǎngzhè jiàn shì dìng yào zuò”,
  
   ér míng míng yòu yóuyòu jué xīnyòu liàngyòu bàn
  
   jiào dòng shǒu 'ā。( chǎng
  
  “ wèishénme tiān tiān guò xià zhè yàng yòu guān shēng mìng jià zhí de wèn zài léi shí hái gēn běn méi yòu dào jiě juézài léi de yǎn liǎng wàn shì bīng de chū zhēng jǐn jǐn shìwèile diǎn huàn mèng diǎn diǎn míng”, biǎo míng zài xīn xìng zhì zhōng hái méi yòu rèn zhè yàng zhǒng fāng shìsuǒ zài de yuányīcháng léi miàn duì lóujìn guǎn shì duàn zài tiáokǎndàn xiǎng dào de què shì men huì chóngxīn luò dào duō me xià jiàn de yòng chǎng 'āhuò men xiǎng xiàng xià huì xiǎng xiàng dào shān de zuì gāo guì guò de jiào rén jiā lái dāng làn gěi jiǔ tǒng sài sài kǒng yǎn ?”( yīcháng)。 léi kàn dào liǎo shēng mìng de shū biàn xìngkàn dào liǎo wáng duì xiàn shì shēng mìng de duódàn hái jiě dào zài shū biàn de hòu miàn cún zài zhe shénme yàng de héng cháng de jià zhí guǒ jiǎ shí léi huì chén chū shēng mìng de zhēn zhèng gěi de chóu xún qiú dào jià zhí gēn dàn shìzài liè shì jiàn de yīn guǒ xìng zhōng léi zhè zhǒng 'ài duì shēng mìng chén de xīn xìng zhì quē shǎo zhǎn chéng shú de shí jiān。“ dào chù pèng jiàn de shì dōuzài qiǎn biān lái chóu!” zhè huà liú chū liǎo léi zài xuǎn liúxiě shí de nài de xīn tàizhòng zhěng shí dài de rèn zhe wèi céng 'ān dùn hǎo rén xīn zhì de léi cōng cōng shàng liǎo zhàn chǎngér zhōng yīn shā niǔ bèi láo suǒ yòngzuì hòu luò liǎo bēi cǎn de jié
  
   sān
  
   léi de bēi cóng jià zhí xiàn xiàng xué de chǎng kàn xiàn chū de shì shēng mìng jià zhí yōu xiān de yuán de bèi huǐzhè yōu xiān yuán de bèi huǐ yòu zhe xiàn dài xué shàng de zài zhěng fāng xiàn dài huà jìn chéng zhōngsuō shì chuàng zuò de wén xīng shí shì cóng zhōng shì xiàn dài de guò luò 'ěr ( Troeltsch) zài miáo shù fāng xiàn dài jié gòu de tóng lèi xíng de shí hòután dào zài méng shí dàizhǒng zhǒng xiàn dài xìng wèn cái kāi shǐ méng shēngér méng yùn dòng de chǔ zài shí shì gèng wǎng qián de wén xīng。” suō shì shìshí dài de líng hún”, men wán quán yòu yóu suō shì de chuàng zuò zhì xiàn dài huà de bèi jǐng xià lái fēn dāng ránsuō shì shì fǒu dài zhe jué de xiàn dài shí jìn xíng chuàng zuò men shì duàn dìng dedàn cóng guān xiào guǒ lái kàn,《 léi xiàn dài xìng yòu zhe qiān wàn de guān lián
  
   léi shì xiàn dài rén dāng rán shìyào zài léi shēn shàng xún chū xiàn dài rén shēn yǐng shì láo gōng de。“ shè wéixiàn dài de yàn jié gòu zhī zhuǎn xíng shì gōng shāng jīng shén zhàn shèng bìng dài liǎo shén xué héng xíng 'ér shàng xué de jīng shén zhìzài zhù xīn tài zhōngshí yòng jià zhí shēng mìng jià zhí de jié gòu xìng wèi zhì shēng liǎo gēn běn zhuǎn huàn。” jiù léi lái shuō shēn shàng de jià zhí yōu xiān yuán xiàn chū lái de shì xíng 'ér shàng xué de jīng shén zhì 'ér fēi gōng shāng jīng shén zhì yuǎn méi yòu xiàn dài rén de hánglièdàn men wán quán shuō shì xiàn dài huà jìn chéng de pǐn duì shì jiè chén de xíng 'ér shàng xué zhì shòu dào liǎo liǎng fāng miàn de suàn shì láo de lěng jìng suàn”; èr shì lāi 'ā de gǎn xìng zào fǎn
  
   láo zài zhōng shì wèi cuàn wèi sǎo de xíng zhī dàn duì de dào qiǎn shì shì dezhòng yào de shì zài de cuàn wèi sǎo de xíng wéi zhōngbāo hán zhe jiāng shì jiè zuò wéi lěng jìng suàn de duì xiàng de yàn jié gòu láo zài zhōng zhí chǔyú zhàn jìn xiān de wèi chū chǎng jiù wàng men de běn fēnwéi yóu lái chú jiā duì lǎo guó wáng de 'āi shāngbìng xiū shū gěi nuó wēi lǎo guó wángquàn zhì zhǐ xiǎo dīng de mǎng zhuàng xíng wéizài léi shā niǔ hòu shàngjiàng zhī qiǎn wǎng yīng guó bìng lìng chǔsǐ léi zuì hòu yòng lāi 'ā shā liǎo léi láo fēi cháng qīng xǐng zhī dào de zuì 'è shì chòu xūn tiān liǎo”, yòu guò dǎo gàodàn shǐ zhōng zhàn yòu zhe xiē shǐ dòng liǎo shā de dōng héng héng wáng guān xīn wáng hòu láo de xìng míng xiǎn shì yǒng jué zhàn yòu de chǎn jiē xíng xiàngér shì jiǔ shì de fēng jiàn jūn wángzài shēn shàng xiàn chū měi 'ěr suǒ shuō de xiàn dài rén de shēng cún yàng shì:“ shì jiè zài shì zhēn shí deyòu de jiā yuán ér shì lěng jìng suàn de duì xiàng gōng zuò jìn de duì xiàngshì jiè zài shì 'ài míng de duì xiàngér shì suàn gōng zuò de duì xiàng。”
  
   lāi 'ā de xìng láo jié rán xiāng fǎn de xíng wéi quán píng gǎn xìng chōng dòng de bǎi zài tīng dào qīn hòu shàng jiù zhì wèn láo
  
   zěn me de shì zhuō nòng de
  
   zhōng xīngǔn jìn xìn shìpāo sòng guǐ
  
   rén dào zhí luò dào dòng
  
   xià zhì jiān dìng
  
   shàng tiān guǎn
  
   yòu shénme jìn guǎn lái shénme zhǐ yào wéi qīn
  
   tòng tòng kuài kuài bào chóu!( chǎng
  
   zhè wán quán shì zhǒng quán píng gǎn xìng rèn xíng shì de xiàn dài xíng wéi jué zhōng xīnxìn shìrén dào děng guān shè dào zhèng zhìzōng jiào huò dào nèi róng de dōng de yuē shùlāi 'ā jiù xiàng shè shuō de xiàn dài rén:“ zài jiāng zhěng qíng gǎn shēng mìng shì wéi zhǒng yòu de hào ,…… ér shì jiāng shì wéi wán quán máng mùdì shì jiàn。” xiàn dài rén de gǎn xìng chōng dòng qià qià duì léi de xíng 'ér shàng xué jīng shén zhì xíng chéng liǎo zhǒng wēi xiélāi 'ā shēn shàng suǒ yòu de rèn 'ér wéi de zhì zhèng shì léi suǒ quē de。“ tòng tòng kuài kuài bào chóushì léi zhí mèng mèi qiú de pǐn xìng duì jiē shòu lāi 'ā de jué dǒu tiǎo zhàn gǎn dàoshí fēn hàn”, zài jué dǒu zhī qián hái fǒu rèn liǎo zuì lāi 'ā ér lāi 'ā zài gǎn qíng shàng jiē shòu liǎo léi de dào qiànbìng zài lín qián zhī jiěgǎn xìng chōng dòng shēng mìng chén zài de rén de niàn zhōng běn shì wán měi tǒng dedàn zài zhōnglāi 'ā de gǎn xìng chōng dòng léi de shēng mìng chén zài xiàn shí shēng huó lǐng xíng chéng liǎo jié rán de duì gǎn xìng chōng dòng zào fǎn luó héng héng zhè zhèng shì xiàn dài xìng de zhòng yào biǎo zhēng。《 rán zài xiàn dài xué xué zhě zhī qián wén xué xíng shì fǎn yìng chū liǎo xiàn dài xìng zhè xiàng
  
   léi zuì zhōng de wáng zài biǎo miàn shàng shì láo shǒu zào chéngdàn shí shì láo de suàn lāi 'ā de gǎn xìng chōng dòng móu de jiēguǒlāi 'ā jiē shòu liǎo láo de sǒng yǒngdàn bìng shì zhòngjìér shì pāi liǎng zhě yòu zhe fēn de qīn xìnglěng jìng suàn gǎn xìng chōng dòng fēi shì xiàn dài rén de liǎng miàn léi de bēi yuán yīn zài běn zhì shàng shì lěng jìng suàn gǎn xìng chōng dòng de xiàn dài rén niàn de móuyóu shì jiǎo kàn léi de bēi shì jiàn,《 suǒ yǐn hán de xiàn dài xìng biàn zhāo rán ruò jiē
  
   shè de fēn xiàn dài xìng guān shè de shì qún 'ān shēn mìng de chǔ de chóngxīn shè dìngshè rèn wéixiàn dài xìng jǐn shì zhǒng shì huán jìngzhì de zhuǎn huà huò zhǒng běn guān niàn shù xíng tài de zhuǎn huàér jīhū shì suǒ yòu guī fàn zhǔn de zhuǎn huà héng héng zhè shì zhǒng rén shēn de zhuǎn huà zhǒng shēng zài shēn nèi líng hún jīng shén zhōng de nèi zài jié gòu de běn zhì xìng zhuǎn huà jǐn shì zhǒng zài shí de cún zài zhōng de zhuǎn huàér qiě shì zhǒng zài pàn duàn biāo zhǔn zhōng shēng de zhuǎn huà。” àn shuō xiàn dài xìng wèn shǒu xiān shì rén de shēng cún biāo chǐ de zhuǎn biànxiàn dài xiàn xiàng zhōng de gēn běn shì jiàn shìchuán tǒng rén de gēn běn niàn bèi gēn běn dòng yáo。“ zài shǐ shàng méi yòu rèn shí dài xiàng dāng qián zhè yàngrén duì shēn zhè yàng kùn huò jiě。” láo lāi 'ā de shēng cún biāo chǐ shì jié rán tóng léi de láo de lěng jìng suàn lāi 'ā de gǎn xìng chōng dòng zài xiàn dài jìn chéng zhōnghuì zhú jiàn zhàn yōu xiān wèizuì zhōng duì léi shēn shàng suǒ yòu de xíng 'ér shàng xué jīng shén zhì de shèng léi suǒ gǎn tàn deshí dài zhěng 'ér tuō jié liǎozhèng shì yóu láo zhī liú zào chéng de xiǎng chuán tǒng de xíng 'ér shàng jīng shén zhì jìn xiàn dài shì jiàndàn bìng chéng gōng léi bìng fēi xiàn dài rén niàn de xiǎngdàn xiāng duì zhōng xíng xiàngquè shì suō shì zhèng miàn pǐn zhì de zhù rén gōng de bēi shì fǒu fǎn yìng liǎo suō shì duì shì lún yuán de dàn dàn 'āi shāng duì xiàn dài yuán duì chuán tǒng lún suǒ zào chéng de huài de nài de xīn tài 'àn zài běn wén kàn lái dāng rán shì kěn dìng dewéi lún zài zhù dewén xué lùn shū zhōng céng shuō dào:“ cháng ruò jīn tiān men huì jiàn suō shì tán chuàng zuò léi de jiù néng shǐ men shī suǒ wàng men réng rán yòu yóu jiān chí zài léi zhōng duàn xiàn xīn ér shì chuàng zào xīn ), zhè xiē xīn jiù hěn néng chāo guò suō shì yuán xiān de chuàng zuò 。” léi bēi zhī yǒng méi yòu qióng jìnxiāng xìn hái huì chū gèng duō de xiǎng líng gǎn
   léi -《 léi de bǎn běn shǐ
  
  
   gāi xiě 1598 nián zhì 1602 nián xià zhī jiānzhè suō bái shí dài jié zuò de yìn shuà běn shì suǒ wèi dehuài kāi běn”( BadQuarto), shì méi yòu zuò zhě shòu quán de dào bǎn bǎn běn
   zuò zhě shòu quán de 'èr kāi běn”( SecondQuarto, jiǎn chēng Q2) hěn kuài miàn shì liǎotóng shí zài suō shì quán zhōng yòu chū xiàn liǎo què yòu chū shān jiǎn de duì kāi běn”( FirstFolio)。
   xiàn dài yīng de bǎn běn gēn 'èr kāi běn duì kāi běn jiàoduì 'ér lái
   cān jiàn : suō bǎn běn
  
  《 léi shì suō shì zuì shèng míngqiě bèi rén yǐn yòng zuì duō de běn guàn shàngjiàng běn mài bái》、《 'ěr wángào sài luó bìng chēng wéi suō shì de bēi ”。
  
   léi shì wèi dān mài wáng de míng shì běn de zhù rén gōngzài chǎng zhōng léi kǒng shì zài fāng guó bān yǎn zuì duō de juésè zhī duì chéng shú de nán yǎn yuán chū liǎo tiǎo zhànyīn wéi léi zài zhōng shì chū chū máo de nián qīng rén)。
  
   léi zài zhōng sān | yīcháng duànshēng cún hái shì huǐ mièzhè shì wèn ”( Tobe,ornottobe) de jīng diǎn bái kǒng shì shǐ shàng liú chuán zuì guǎng de tái zhī ér zhè chéng liǎo duō xiàn dài yǎn yuán 'è mèng bān de biǎo yǎn nán diǎn
   léi -《 léi de zhù yào juésè
  
  
  ( yīn wéi bǎn běn chā rén míng néng yòu chū qǐng cān kǎo yīng wén yuán míng suō hàn xià cóng zhū shēng háo běn。)
  
   léi PrinceHamlet héng héng dān mài wáng wéi wáng de guǐ hún suǒ kùn rǎoyào duì shā xiōng shǒu chóujīng liǎo tòng de zhēngzhá zhī hòu chéng liǎo mùdìzhěng wáng gōng xiàn liǎo wáng de kǒng zhī zhōng zuì hòu zhōng liǎo zhì mìng de jiàn
  
   láo Claudius héng héng dān mài xiàn rèn guó wáng shì léi de shū zài hòu rèn liǎo wáng wèilǎo wáng de guǐ hún gào léi zhèng shì móu shā de xiōng shǒu zuì yòu yìng zuì hòu zài zhí chóu de jiàn xià
  
   guǐ hún KingHamlet(Ghost) héng héng léi de qīn hòu huà chéng de guǐ hún bèi shí léi zhèng zài guó wài
  
   Gertrude héng héng dān mài wáng hòuwáng de qīn shēng qīnlǎo wáng hòu gǎi jià láo zài suō shì de shí dài zhè zhǒng guān bèi shì wéi luàn lúnsuǒ yǐn liǎo léi de chóu hèn léi xià liǎo láo shè de jiǔdāng chǎng shēn wáng
  
   lóng 'ěr Polonius héng héng láo de qián chén shì chū liǎo míng de lǎo wán náo léi 'ōu fěi zhī jiān de 'ài qíng léi zǒng shì jiǎ zhuāng dāi tóu dāi nǎo lái nòng duǒ zài kuài guà tǎn hòutōu tīng léi wáng hòu de tán huà shíbèi wáng jiàn
  
   léi 'ěr Laertes héng héng lóng 'ěr de 'ér wèile qīn mèi mèi de yòng jiàn shā liǎo léi zài léi de jiàn xiàjìn guǎn dāng shí léi méi yòu shí dào jiàn shì dài de
  
   ōu fěi Ophelia héng héng lóng 'ěr de 'ér léi shuāng shuāng xiàn 'ài dàn zhǒng zhǒng jǐng gào wáng zhèng zhì wèi shǐ men wàng jié zuò wéi léi fēng kuáng chóu jìhuà de fēn bèi qíng pāo jiā shàng qīn de ràng xiàn jīng shén cuò luànzuì zhōng shī luò shuǐ
  
   ruì xiū Horatio héng héng léi xué de yǒu méi yòu zhí jiē juǎnrù wáng shì zhī jiān de yīn móusuǒ chéng liǎo léi de chuán shēng tǒngsuō wēng yòng lái hōng tuō qíng shì wéi huó dào quán jié shù de zhù yào juésèsuī rán céng yáng yán yào shā
  
   luó shēng lán gài dēng dèng Rosencrantz&Guildernstern héng héng dōushì léi xué zhōng de lǎo tóng xué men bèi láo zhāo lái zhào kàn léi suī rán liǎng rén zài zhōng de zuò yòng dàn wáng hěn kuài jiù cāi liǎng rén shì jiàndiédāng guó wáng xià lìng yào chù yuǎn zài yīng guó de léi shí míng tōu huàn liǎo shì liǎng rén zài hòu míng miào
  
   dīng Fortinbras héng héng nuó wēi wáng zài zhōng zhǐ yòu duǎn duǎn de guò chǎng dàn de zhòng yào xìng zài quán de zuì hòu tái yóu shuō chū xiàng zhēng zhe gèng wéi guāng míng de wèi láichǎn shù liǎo zuò zhù
   léi -《 léi qíng jiè shào
  
  
   jiǎn jiè
  
   shì shēng zài 19 shì de 'ōu zhōu shì chōng mǎn yǐn quán duò luò de shì jièdān mài wáng guó chéng bǎo de tái shàng míng zhí díshì bīng lǎo guó wáng léi de guǐ húnjīng kǒng wàn fēn men zhè xiàn gào liǎo wáng léi jué dìng kàn jiū jìngjiàn dào liǎo qīn de guǐ húnzhī dào huáng shū láo cuàn wèi sǎo 'ér hài qīn xiōng de zhēn xiāng hòu léi jìn fēng kuáng xīn xiǎng zhe chóu de jìhuàtiān shēng yīn yóu jué de xìng shǐ léi shī liǎo bào chóu de liáng dàn suí shí yào bào de mǎn qiāng chóu hènshǐ shā liǎo duǒ zài wéi hòu tōu tīng wáng hòu tán huà de chén luó niǔ ér shēn 'ài zhe wáng de luó niǔ de 'ér 'ào fěi zài jīng shén huǎng zhōng xìng shuǐ shēn wáng láo tiǎo 'ào fěi de lāi 'ěr tóng léi jué dǒubìng yòng jiǔ jiàn shā wáng léi huì huò shèngwáng hòu fēi cháng gāo xīngduān guó wáng wéi léi xià de jiǔ liǎo xià jué dǒu zhōng léi zhōng liǎo duì shǒu de jiàndàn duó guò jiàn hòu yòu fǎn wáng hòu zhòngdú lāi 'ěr zài shēng mìng de zuì hòu jiē liǎo láo de yīn móu léi zhēngzhá zhe xiàng láo shā liǎo shēn wángwáng shì piàn hùn luànyīcháng pàn biàn zhèng màn màn yùn niàng zhe ......
  
   xiáng qíng
  
  《 léi miáo shù liǎo zhè yàng shì
  
   dān mài guó wáng léi rán shì shì hòu dào liǎng yuèwáng hòu qiáo jiù guó wáng de xīn guó wáng láo jié liǎo hūnzhè lián chuàn shì qíng zài cháo zhōng yǐn liǎo lùnyòu xiē chén rèn wéi qiáo qīng shuài qíng rán jià gěi liǎo zēng bēi xià láo shèn zhì yòu rén huái láo shì wéi liǎo cuàn wèi sǎobēi hài liǎo de guó wáng
  
   shòu zuì shēn de hái shì wáng xiǎo léi yīn wéi léi zǒng shì de qīn dāng zuò 'ǒu xiàng lái chóng bàisuǒ zuì lìng nán shòu de dǎo hái shì méi néng chéng zhào lái shuō yìng yóu chéng de wáng wèiér shì qīn qiáo hěn kuài jiù wàng liǎo lǎo guó wáng de 'ēn 'àizài léi kàn láizhè zhuāng hūn shì shì shí fēn zhèng dāng deyòngluàn lúnliǎng lái xíng róng shì zài qiàdàng guò liǎobēi tòng mèn shǐ nián qīng wáng guàn yòu de kuài dàng rán cúnzài yǎn qiē gāo jié de huā huì quándōu liǎodǎo shì zhǒng cǎo què zài fēng chángxīn wáng wáng hòu xiǎng jìn liǎo bàn jiào kuài huó láidàn léi zǒng shì chuānzhuó hēi de sāngfú lái biǎo shì de 'āi dàoshèn zhì zài xīn wáng xíng jié hūn de tiān réng jiù shēn zhe sāngfú shì shì
  
   zài shù tiān bēi 'āi de nián qīng de wáng fǎn sīliáng zhe jìng 'ài de qīn shì zěn yàng desuī rán láo xuān chēng guó wáng shì gěi tiáo shé yǎo dedàn mǐn ruì de léi huái láo jiù shì tiáo shéér qiě cāi qīn qiáo yòu néng cān liǎo móu shāzhè xiē huái cāi kùn rǎo zhe léi zhí dào yòu tiān tīng shuō guǐ hún de shìzhěng gōng tíng yīn móu cái kāi shǐ xiǎn chū lún kuò
  
   yòu xué wèn de huò shì léi de hǎo péng yǒu gōng tíng jǐng wèi céng zài bàn kàn jiàn guò guǐ húncháng de guó wáng yàng hēi de lüè dài xiē yín chuānzhuó tào jiādōu hěn shú de kuī jiábēi 'āi 'ér qiě fèn zǒu guò chéng bǎo de gāo tái dào jiù lái liǎoshào bīng duì jiǎng huà hǎo xiàng zuò chū yào shuō huà de yàng dàn zhè shí míng tiān liàng liǎoguǐ hún jiù xiāo shī liǎodāng huò xiàng léi jiǎng shì shíkùn huò zhōng de wáng xiāng xìn liǎo duàn dìng zhè dìng shì wáng de guǐ hún rèn wéi guǐ hún zhè yàng chū xiàn dìng huì shì yuán shuō dìng yòu shénme yuān de shì yào jiǎngjìn guǎn guǐ hún zhí méi kāi kǒudàn léi rèn wéi qīn huì duì 'ér shuō de shìwáng jué dìng dāng tiān wǎn shàng shào bīng shǒu hǎo jiàn dào wáng de guǐ hún
  
   léi jiāo děng dài hēi de dào láitiān gāng hēi jiù huò děng rén dēng shàng liǎo guǐ hún jīng cháng chū méi de gāo táiyuè lěng xīng shuò fēng gěi guǐ hún de chū xiàn gèng tiān liǎo fēn hán lěng de qián zòuzhèng dāng men tán zhe tiān de shí hòuhuò duàn liǎo chí men de tán huàshuō guǐ hún chū xiàn liǎo
  
   léi kàn jiàn guǐ hún guǒ rán huò men miáo shù de yàng chū yòu jīng yòu hài hái qiú tiān shén bǎo yòu menyīn wéi zhī dào guǐ hún shì shàn shì 'ègèng zhī dào dài lái de shì huò shì shì jiàn jiàn de jué wáng de guǐ hún bìng méi yòu shénme 'è zhǐ shì bēi 'āi wàng zhe hǎo xiàng hěn xiǎng gēn shuō huà léi dǎn jiù liǎo láizǒu xiàng qián wàng zhe qīn shèn liǎng yàng de guǐ húnqíng jìn hǎn dào:“ guó wáng qīn!” kěn qiú shuō shuō wèishénme hǎo duān duān 'ān zài fén què yào kāi chū xiàn zài yuè guāng xià de gāo tái shàng qǐng guǐ hún gào zěn yàng cái néng píng 'ān de líng hún shìguǐ hún jiù shì léi gēn dào rénshào jìng de fāng hǎo wéi kuàihuò men jié quàn léi yào gēn guǐ hún shēng guǐ hún chū níng 'è de miàn xià huài liǎo nián qīng de wáng dàn ruì zhì de léi zǎo jiù pán suàn zhe jiē kāi wáng bào de zěn kěn fàng zhè yàng de huìzhì shēng mìng zǎo jiù kàn tòu liǎoér de líng hún rán tóng yàng shì yǒng shēng deguǐ hún yòu zěn néng jiā hài suǒ nián qīng de wáng rán jué xiàng shī yàng qiáng hànzhèng tuō liǎo huò men de 'àigēn zhe guǐ hún zǒu liǎo
  
   dāng chù rén de shí hòuguǐ hún liǎo chén shuō zhèng shì léi qīn de guǐ húnguǐ hún shuō shì bèi rén hài dexiōng shǒu jiù shì de qīn láo mùdì shì wéi cuàn duó wáng wèi zhàn wáng sǎodāng lǎo guó wáng zhào lǎo guàn hòu zài huā yuán shuì jué de shí hòudǎi de láo chèn shú shuì de shí hòutōu tōu liù jìn huā yuán cǎo zhī guàn jìn guó wáng de 'ěr duǒ yǎn jīng zhì mìng de zhī xiàng shuǐ yín xiè yàng liú jìn liǎo quán shēn de xuè guǎn shāo gān liǎo xuè bìng shǐ dào chù cháng yìng shìde chuāngzhè yàngbēi de duó liǎo wáng xiōng de shēng mìngcuàn duó liǎo wáng wèi zhàn liǎo wáng sǎoguǐ hún qǐng qiú léi shuōyào shì què shí chóng bài zhì 'ài qīn de huà dìng yào xiàng bēi de xiōng shǒu chóuguǐ hún yòu kuì tàn shuō méi xiǎng dào 'ēn 'ài duō nián de rán guǎ lián xiān chǐqīng jiù tóu móu shā zhàng de xiōng shǒu de huái bàodàn guǐ hún yòu zhǔ léi zài chóu shí qiān wàn shāng hài dào de qīnràng shàng cái jué ràng 'ān de liáng xīn shí shí tòng jiù gòu liǎo léi hán lèi tīng wán liǎo guǐ hún de kòng dāyìng guǐ hún qiēdōu 'àn de fēn bànguǐ hún zhè cái fàng xīn xiāo shì liǎo
  
   léi shì yào suǒ de suǒ yòu shì qíngbāo kuò cóng shū běn yuè xué dào de dōng tǒng tǒng wàng diàozhǐ shèng xià guǐ hún gào de huà yào zuò de shì lái zhī pèi de nǎo shēn zhè léi zhǐ jǐn shèn gào liǎo yǒu huò rén fēn děng rén duì wǎn shàng suǒ kàn dào de qiēdōu yào jué duì bǎo shǒu
  
   zài zhī zhè gōng tíng yīn móu zhī qiánjīng shén de tòng jiù shǐ léi de shēn ruòjīng shén tuí tángguǐ hún jiē kāi yòu zài xīn líng shàng zēng jiā liǎo chén zhòng de dān léi shēng zhè yàng xià huì yǐn láo de zhù rèn wéi léi zhī dào duō nèi qíng 'ér yào duì yīn cún shénme jiè xīn lái shì wáng jiù zuò chū liǎo 'ér dǎn de jué dìngjiǎ zhuāng fēngzhè yàng lái láo néng jiù huì rèn wéi yòu shénme móu huì yòu shénme cāi liǎoér qiějiǎ zhuāng fēng dàn qiǎo miào yǎn gài nèi xīn zhōng de zhēn shí de 'ān gěi huì lěng yǎn kuī shì láo de dòng
  
   léi zài yán shì zhǒng xíng dòng shàng zhuāng fēng diān guài dàn zhuāng fēng shí fēn xiào zhì guó wáng wáng hòu dōubèi hǒngpiàn liǎo guò men gēn 'ér zhī dào guǐ hún jiē de shìsuǒ rèn wéi léi de fēng chú bēi dào qīn de shì shì wài dìng hái yòu 'ài qíng de zhé ér qiěguó wáng wáng hòu hái zuò cōng míng kàn chū lái wáng 'ài shàng liǎo wèi niànzài suǒ yòu de biàn shēng zhī qián léi què shí 'ài shàng liǎo jiào zuò 'ào fěi de měi niàn shì qián chén luò niè de 'ér léi céng jīng gěi xiě guò qíng shūsòng guò yòu guò duō de 'ài qíng biǎo báizhèng guāng míng xiàng zhè wèi chún jié měi de shàonǚ qiú guò 'ài kěn xiāng xìn suǒ yòu wáng de hǎi shì shān méng dōushì zhēn zhì de cóng léi dìng xià zhuāng fēng de jiù xiǎn chū duì 'ài de niàn fēi cháng lěng qíng de yàng láihǎo xīn de 'ào fěi dǎo bìng méi yòu zěn yàng guài zhǐ shì jué wáng de lěng jué fēi de běn ér wán wán quán quán shì yīn wéi de fēng bìng rèn wéi wáng qián de gāo guì ruì zhì fǎng shì chuàn měi miào de líng chēng néng zòu chū fēi cháng dòng tīng de yīnyuè shì xiàn zài bēi tòng yōu sǔn huǐ liǎo de xīn líng zhìsuǒ líng chēng zhǐ néng chū piàn 'ěr de guài xiǎng
  
   jìn guǎn léi de chóu shì chōng chì liǎo xuè xīng wèi dào qiú 'ài de luó màn hěn xiāngchèntóng shí zài kàn lái 'ài qíng zhè zhǒng yōu xián de gǎn qíng de rèn shì de shì yòu shí réng qíng jìn niàn 'ài de 'ào fěi yòu léi rán jué de lěng hǎo méi dào jiù xiě liǎo fēng mǎn piān kuáng kuā zhāng zǎo de xìn gěi 'ào fěi shénme huái xīng xīng shì tuán huǒhuái tài yáng huì dònghuái zhēn shì huǎng yán shì yǒng yuǎn yào huái de 'ài qíng…… děng děngzhè kuáng zào de biǎo xiàn hěn de fēng diān de wài biǎodàn xíng jiān dǎo miǎn shāo shāo chū xiē 'ér róu qínghǎo ràng zhè wèi hǎo niàn néng chéng rèn léi zài xīn shì shēn shēn 'ài zhe deào fěi zhè fēng xìn gěi de lǎo qīn kàn liǎo shì guó wáng wáng hòu qīng qīng chǔ chǔ zhī dào liǎo shénme cái shǐ cōng míng de wáng fēng de hòu qiáo dǎo zhēn xīn wàng léi shì wéi liǎo 'ào fěi de měi mào cái fēng lái de me niàn de wēn róu shì hěn jiào léi huī dào yuán yàng de
  
   shì léi de xīn bìng shì yuǎn fēi qīn suǒ néng xiǎng xiàng dedān mài wáng de nǎo hǎi dàn dàn xiǎng dedōu shì qīn de guǐ húnshì wéi qīn chóu de shén shèng mìng lìngměi tiān měi shí de tuō dàng zài kàn láidōu shì zuì 'è de huì huài mìng lìng de shén shèngdàn guó wáng zhěng tiān yòu wèi bīng bǎo ér qiě zǒng shì qiáo zài xiǎng yào shā liǎo guó wáng shì me róng delìng wàicuàn wèi zhě qià hǎo shì qīn xiàn zài de zhàng zhè shǐ fènwài tòng xīnyào zhēn dòng shǒu lái jiù gèng yóu jué liǎotiān xìng wēn róu dūn hòu de léi běn lái jiù rèn wéi tóng lèi huó huó shā shì tǎo yàn 'ér qiě dezài jiā shàng cháng shí de yōu tuí táng shǐ yáo bǎi dìng suǒ shì cóngsuǒ zhí méi néng cǎi guǒ duàn de xíng dòngzài shuō tīng shuō guǐ shì yáo shēn bǎi biàn dehuò biàn chéng liǎo qīn de yàng lái jiào shā rén wèi zhī shì jué dìng néng dān píng huàn xiàng huò yōu líng de zhǐ shǐ xíng shì dìng yào yòu zhēn shí de gēn cái xíng
  
   zhèng dāng léi xīn shǎn shuò dìng de shí hòugōng lái liǎo bān zhè biàn gěi liǎo wáng shì tàn de huì léi qián jiù hěn huān kàn men yǎn de bié shì tóu yòu yǎn yuán biǎo yǎn luò lǎo wáng 'ā de bèi shā wáng hòu bǎi de bēi tòng zhè yàng duàn bēi de tái cháng lìng léi gǎn dòng léi qīn xiàng bān biǎo shì huān yíngshuō shì guò tīng liǎo duàn tái shì duō me nán wàng huáibìng yào qiú yǎn yuán zài biǎo yǎn yǎn yuán guǒ rán yòu huó líng huó xiàn yǎn liǎo biànyǎn lǎo guó wáng bèi rén cán rěn móu hàichéng chí bǎi xìng zāo zāiwáng hòu fēng bān guāng zhe jiǎo zài gōng páo lái páo běn gāi dài wáng guān de tóu shàng méng liǎo kuài běn gāi zhe wáng páo de yāo què guǒ liǎo tiáo tǎn zhè chǎng yǎn fēi cháng zhēn shēng dòng jǐn liú chū liǎo yǎn lèiguān kàn de rén yědōu wèitā men kàn dào de shì zhēn de shì qíng 'ér gǎn dòng liú xià liǎo yǎn lèi
  
   léi xīn yòu xiē bié niǔ xiǎng dào yǎn yuán jǐn jǐn shuō liǎo duàn biān zào de tái rán biàn dòng qíng láiwéi qiān nián qián de rén liú xià tóng qíng de lèi me léi gāi yòu duō me chí dùnyīn wéi yòu zhēn zhèng gāi tòng de yuán yīn héng héng zhēn zhèng de guó wáng 'ài de qīn gěi móu shā liǎohéng héng rán 'ér rán dòng zhōnghǎo xiàng jīng wàng liǎo yào chóu shìde guòzhè jiàn shì hái shì gěi liǎo léi xiǎng chū yǎn zhēn de hǎo duì guān zhòng de yǐng xiǎng shì deyòu xiē jiān zhà de xiōng shǒu wǎng wǎng huì zài guān kàn biǎo yǎn shíyóu chǎng miàn qíng jié de xiāng liáng xīn xiàn rán huì dāng chǎng zhāogòng suǒ fàn de zuì xíng me láo shì fǒu huì zhè yàng shì léi jué dìng jiào zhè bān zài shū shū miàn qián biǎo yǎn guǐ hún suǒ shuō de móu shā chǎng miànrán hòu zǎi guān chá láo de shén qíng fǎn yìng lái què dìng jiū jìng shì shì xiōng shǒu
  
   zhào wáng fēn zhǔn bèi de chū shì jiǎng shēng zài wéi de jiàn móu shā gōng jué de 'àn jiàn debèi hài de gōng jué jiào gòng zhā de jiào bái jiěshuō shì gōng jué de jìn qīn liú 'ān wèile zhàn gòng zhā de jiā chǎnbiàn zài huā yuán liǎo gōng juébìng piàn liǎo gōng jué rén de wěi shēnguó wáng wáng hòu yìng yāo qián lái kàn guó wáng gēn 'ér zhī dào shàng liǎo léi de dāngdāng chén men zuò xià lái kàn shí léi biàn zuò zài bàng biānhǎo zǎi chá kàn de shén qíng chū de kāi tóu biàn shì gòng zhā bái jiě de tán huà zài sān xiàng zhàng biǎo bái zhì de 'àishuō shì jiǎ gòng zhā xiān liǎo jué huì zài jià guǒ tiān zài jià liǎobiàn huì zhāo zhì bào yìnghái shuō shì chú liǎo xiē móu shā qīn de méi yòu rén huì zài jià de léi xiàn guó wáng wáng hòu tīng dào zhè duàn huà shí liǎn dùn shí jiù biàn liǎoér dāng qíng zhǎn dào liú 'ān yào guàn jìn zài huā yuán shú shuì de gòng zhā de 'ěr shí léi xiàn cuàn wèi de xiǎo rén zài kàn xià liǎo rán hǎn diǎn huǒ huí gōngzhuāng zuò shēn shū de yàng cōng cōng kāi liǎo chǎngxiàn zài léi zhōng néng duàn dìng guǐ hún shuō de quán shì shí huàjué fēi shì de shénme huàn xiàngzài zhè zhí kùn rǎo zhe de wèn huò rán dào jiě jué hòu léi gǎn dào hěn chàng kuài duì huò shuō jīn de díquè què zhī dào jìng 'ài de wáng shì bèi láo móu hài liǎo de
  
   zhèng dāng léi pán suàn zhe gāi bào chóu shíwáng hòu què pài rén jiào hòu gōng tán huàqiáo shì fèng láo zhī mìng jiào léi de láo ràng wáng hòu xiàng léi biǎo shì liǎ dōuhěn gāo xīng gāng cái de zhǐcuàn wèi de guó wáng shēng chū qīn de tiān xìng qiáo huì piān tǎn 'ér néng huì yǐn xiē hěn xiǎng zhī dào de huà láisuǒ jiù fēn qián chén luò niè duǒ zài wáng hòu nèi gōng de wéi hòu miànzhè 'ān pái fēi cháng shì lǎo luò niè de xīn zài duō nián de gòu xīn dǒu jiǎo de gōng tíng shēng huó zhōng píng wěn hùn dào liǎo qián chén de wèi zhìshēn zhī yòng guǐ lái tàn nèi de jué qiào
  
   dāng léi lái dào hòu gōng shíwáng hòu xiān shì hěn wēn wǎn bèi liǎo de zhǐ xíng wéishuō wáng jīng kāi zuì de qīnliǎodāng rán zhǐ de shì xīn guó wáng láo léi tīng dào qīnzhè yàng tīng lái lìng rén rán jìng de chēng yòng zài bēi zhī shēn shàng shí fēi cháng chī jīng shēng háo chòngzhe qiáo shuō:“ qīn xiǎng shì zuì liǎo de qīn。” wáng hòu zhàng hóng zhe liǎn shuō zài shuō léi fǎn dào:“ rán yàng wèn jiù yīnggāi zhè yàng huí 。” wáng hòu nǎo shuō:“ fēi wàng liǎo zài shuí shuō huà?” léi shēng lěng xiào,“ dàn yuàn néng wàng dàn yòu néng wàng què què shí shí shì wáng hòu zhàng de de jiān de qīn。” wáng hòu rán :“ jìng gǎn duì zhǐ hǎo zhǎo xiē huì shuō huà de rén lái liǎo。” de shì yào zhǎo láo huò luò niè
  
   léi xiǎng rán hǎo róng yòu huì dān gēn wáng hòu zài zǒng xiǎng bàn jiào shí dào de duò luò lái shì jiù zhuā zhù wáng hòu de shǒu wàn ràng zǒuàn zhù ràng zuò xià lái liǎo léi de zhè zhǒng qiánghèng tài jiào wáng hòu shí fēn hài dān xīn yóu fēng kuáng huì zuò chū shāng hài de shì lái shì jiù shēng rǎng liǎo láiér shí duǒ zài wéi hòu miàn de luò niè jīng kǒng wàn zhuàng hǎn dào:“ jiù mìng 'ākuài lái rén jiù wáng hòu 'ā!” léi wéi shì guó wáng cáng zài xīn xiǎng huì lái liǎo shì chū pèi jiàn xiàng hòu hǎn jiào shēng rán 'ér zhǐ léi wéi guó wáng láo dìng liǎodāng shī tuō chū lái kàn què shì qián chén luò niè
  
  “ qiáo qiáo!” wáng hòu shēng rǎng zhe,“ gān liǎo jiàn duō me cán rěn de shì 'ā!”
  
  “ shì de qīnquè shí hěn cán rěn,” léi huí shuō,“ dàn shā liǎo guó wáng yòu jià liǎo de xíng wéi gèng cán rěn!”
  
   léi xiǎng kāi tiān chuāng shuō liàng huàsuǒ jiù tǎn bái shuō liǎo chū lái rèn wéi duì de guò cuòzuò 'ér de yìng jìn liàng kuān róngdàn zhè zhǒng guò cuò yán zhòng dào dìng me lián 'ér shì yán bèi qīn de bèi wáng hòu gāi shuǐ xìng yáng huā hěn kuài jiù wàng xiān wángtóu xiōng shǒu de huái bào gāi qīng jiù wàng duì xiān wáng de shì yán guǒ zhè yàng de huà ràng rén huái rén de qiē shì yán qiē suǒ wèi de měi huì biàn wěihūn yuē hái shàng de nuò yánzōng jiào zhǐ shì wán xiào de kōng huàbēi fèn de wáng zhǐ chū wáng hòu de xíng wéi shàng kuì tiān xià kuì wéi liǎo ràng chàn dǒu de wáng hòu gèng hǎo huǐ léi chū liǎng xiào xiàng shì xiān wángwáng hòu de zhàng shì xīn wángwáng hòu de 'èr zhàng léi shuō:“ qiáo de wáng de 'é tóu yòu duō me xiáng gài yòu duō me fēi fán de juǎnfà xiàng tài yáng shénqián 'é xiàng tiān shényǎn jīng xiàng zhàn shén de shì xiàng gāng jiàng luò zài wěn zhe cāng tiān de shān fēng shàng de chuán xìn shén zài lái kàn zhè duō xiàng shì hài chóng méi jūnyīn wéi rán qiāng cán liǎo qiáng jiàn de xiōng cháng。”
  
   zhèng dāng léi zhèng zài wèn wáng hòu qiáo zěn me hái néng gēn móu hài liǎo xiān wángqiè wáng wèi de xiōng shǒu shēng huó xià shí qīn de guǐ hún chū xiàn liǎozhǐ yòu léi rén néng gòu kàn dào lùn léi zěn me zhǐ chū guǐ hún suǒ zhàn de fāngwáng hòu dōubù néng kàn jiàn hěn hài kàn zhe léi duì zhe kōng zhōng shuō huà wéi léi réng jiù zài fēng léi wèn guǐ hún lái gànshénmeguǐ hún shuō shì lái xǐng léi yào wàng bào chóu de nuò yán deguǐ hún yòu shuōyào qīn shuō huà rán huì yīn wéi bēi shāng kǒng 'ér diào deguǐ hún zǒu hòu léi kěn qiú wáng hòu yào wéi fēng liǎo 'ér guǐ hún yǐn dào rén jiānzhēn zhèng shǐ guǐ hún chū xiàn de yuán yīn qià qià shì de zuì guò kěn qiú wáng hòu duì shàng chéng rèn guò de zuì niè kāi guó wángyào shì wáng hòu zhēn zhèng de qīn de yàng lái duì dài huì zhēn zhèng de 'ér de tài lái qiú shàng cāng bǎo yòu wáng hòu zhōng gǎn dòng liǎodāyìng zhào shuō de zuò
  
   wáng hòu de tán huà jié shù hòu léi de xīn qíng píng jìng liǎo xiē kàn dào xìng bèi mǎng zhuàng shā de lǎo luò niè de shī shíwáng shāng xīn liǎoyīn wéi zhè shì xīn 'ài de niàn 'ào fěi de qīn 'ā
  
   luò niè de gěi liǎo láo duì léi de jiè kǒuàn zhào guó wáng de běn shì yào shì wéi yǐn huàn de léi shā dàn yòu yōng dài léi de bǎi xìng dāyìngkuàng qiě jìng shì 'ài 'ér de wáng hòu de náosuǒ luò niè de shēn wáng shǐ guó wáng jiè kǒu wáng zhú chū jìngjiǎo zhà de láo yào léi yóu liǎng chén péi tóng zuò chuán dào yīng guó miǎn suǒ wèi de chǔfèndāng shí de yīng guó shì xiàng běi 'ōu qiáng guó dān mài gòng de shǔ guósuǒ láo gěi yīng guó cháo tíng xiě liǎo fēng xìnbiān zào liǎo xiē yóuyào men léi chǔsǐcōng míng de léi huái zhè miàn kěn dìng yòu míng táng shì zài tōu tōu cóng liǎng chén chù dào fēng xìnqiǎo miào de míng diàoér huàn shàng liǎng chén de míng jiǔzuò chuán shòu dào hǎi dào de léi yǒng gǎn zhe jiàn shā shàng liǎo rén de chuán liào de zuò chuán què qiè nuò liù zhī liǎo liǎng chén diū xiàdài zhe gǎi guò de xìn jiàn máng máng páo dào yīng guó jiē shòu yìng de chéng liǎo
  
   hǎi dào liǎo wáng hòudǎo duì zhè gāo guì de rén shí fēn jiǔ jiù fàng liǎo wàng wáng zài cháo zhōng men shuō xiē hǎo huàdāng léi fǎn huí wáng chéng hòujiàn dào de què shì piàn bēi cǎn de jǐng xiàng biàn shì léi céng jīng zhì 'ài guò de měi niàn 'ào fěi de zàng cóng lián de lǎo luò niè liǎo guò hòuzhè wèi zhī shì shì de nián qīng niàn shòu liǎo hěn shén jīng biàn zhèng cháng láiyīn wéi méi xiǎng dào lián de lǎo qīn rán cǎn zài suǒ 'ài liàn de wáng shǒu dào chù fēng fēng diān diān páo lái páo shù shù xiān huā gěi gōng de rén menshuō shì zài gěi qīn xíng zàng yòu shí cháng chàng xiē 'ài qíng wáng de 'érfǎng qián shēng de shì qíng quándōu gěi wàng liǎo huān chī chī zuò zài tiáo xiǎo biān tiáo xiǎo de biān shàng xié xié cháng zhe liǔ shù dàoyìng zài shuǐ miàn shàngyòu tiān chèn rén bèi yòu tōu tōu liù liǎo chū láilái dào xiǎo bàngyòng chú qián huā cǎo biān jié liǎo zhǐ xiǎo xiǎo de huā juànrán hòu shàng liǔ shùxiǎng huā juàn guà dào shēn xiàng zhōng de liǔ tiáo shàng shì shù zhī xià zhé duàn liǎoměi chún jié de 'ào fěi biàn dài zhe biān de huā juàn diào jìn liǎo shuǐ kāi shǐ hái kào róu ruǎn de shān tuō zhe zài shuǐ liǎo zhènhái duàn duàn hēng chàng zhī shì shénme de 'érfǎng diǎn 'ér méi zài zāo shòu de miè dǐng zhī zāihuò zhě fǎng běn lái jiù shì shēng huó zài shuǐ de jīng líng yàng shì méi duō jiǔ de jiù gěi shuǐ jìn pào chén zhòng liǎo lái hái méi lái chàng wán zhī wǎn zhuǎn de 'érjiù chén shuǐ fāng hún yōu yōu shàng liǎo tiān táng
  
   dāng léi huí dào wáng chéng shíào fěi de cóng guó huí lái de léi 'ōu zhèng zài wéi xìng de yāo wáng de měi niàn xíng zàng guó wáng láo wáng hòu qiáo suǒ yòu zhòng yào de cháo chén dào liǎo kāi shǐ léi zhī dào men zài xíng shénme sāngzàng shìzhǐ shì zhàn zài bàng xiǎng jīng dòng jiā kàn jiàn men 'àn zhào chǔnǚ zàng de guījuzài 'ào fěi fén shàng mǎn liǎo fēn fāng de xiān huāhuā shì yóu wáng hòu qiáo qīn de biān biān shuō dào:“ āixiān huā běn yīngshì zài měi de niàn shēn shàng deào fěi běn lái mǎn xīn wàng yòng xiān huā lái mǎn de hūn chuáng de 'ài de niàn 'āméi xiǎng dào què shì dào liǎo de fén shàng liǎo běn lái yīnggāi zuò 'ér léi de de。” jiē zhe xiàng zhì 'ài mèi mèi de léi 'ōu yòu nán nán shuō wàng 'ào fěi de fén tóu shàng cháng chū luó lán láirán hòu léi 'ōu yòu fēng tiào jìn liǎo 'ào fěi de fén kēngbēi tòng huó láibìng qiě fēn shì cóng lái duī zài shēn shàngràng qīn 'ài de mèi mèi 'ào fěi mái zàng zài kàn zhe zhè qiē léi duì 'ào fěi de chì 'ài yòu cóng xīn tóu yǒng néng róng rěn jǐn jǐn zuò wéi de rén bēi 'āi dào zhè chéng yīn wéi jiāo 'ào de wáng jué duì 'ào fěi de 'ài yuǎn yuǎn wàn de 'ài jiā lái hái yào shēnsuǒ chǔyú gǎn qíng jiān 'áo zhōng de léi qiē tiào liǎo chū lái léi 'ōu gèng wéi fēng kuáng tiào jìn liǎo 'ào fěi de fén kēngchōng dòng de léi 'ōu rèn chū zhè biàn shì quán jiā de chóu rén léi yīn wéi de lǎo yòu mèi dōushì yīn wéi zhè gāi de léi 'ér diào de shì jiù chōng shàng qián mìng qiā zhù léi de zhòng shì zhòng gǎn jǐn shàng qián cái suàn men kāizàng zhī hòu léi xiàng jiā dào qiàn shuō gāng cái de zhǐ tài mǎng liǎojiào rén wéi jìng rán yào léi 'ōu dòng gān 'ér tiào jìn liǎo fén kēng jiě shì shuō néng róng rěn jìng rán hái yòu shuí wèile měi de 'ào fěi de 'ér xiǎn léi gèng bēi shāngzhè yàng láiliǎng gāo guì 'ér yòu gāo 'ào de qīng nián zàn shí jiǎng liǎo
  
   shì dǎi de guó wáng què xiǎng fàng guò léi shì jiù yòng léi 'ōu duì qīn mèi mèi cǎn suǒ gǎn dào de nèi xīn fèn fènshè jiān lái móu hài léi jiān wáng suō shǐ léi 'ōu jiǎ zhuāng yán guī hǎo 'ér xiàng léi zuò chū mào yǒu hǎo de jiàn tiǎo zhàn léi dāng rán háo yóu jiē shòu liǎo zhè kàn shàng bìng 'è de tiǎo zhànbìng qiě yuē dìng liǎo sài de jiàn de tiāngōng zhōng suǒ yòu zhòng yào rén dōuzài chǎngyīn wéi jiādōu zhī dào léi léi 'ōu liǎng réndōu jīng shàn jiàn shùsuǒ cháo chén mendōu wéi liǎng wèi jiàn xià liǎo wéi shù xiǎo de zhùzhào bān de guījuzhè zhǒng yǒu hǎo de jiàn yīnggāi yòng yuán tóu kāi rèn de dùn jiàndàn de guó wáng què cāo zòng liǎo bèi chóu hèn suǒ zhī pèi de léi 'ōu ràng shǐ yòng liǎo zhì mìng yào de kāi rèn jiān tóu jiànsuǒ dāng léi tiǎo liǎo dùn jiàn shí duò guó wáng de jiān diǎn 'ér méi huái léi 'ōu yòu shénme liáng méi yòu jiǎn chá léi 'ōu de jiàn jiàn kāi shǐ liǎo chūléi 'ōu méi chū zhēn shí běn lǐng lái ràng léi zhàn xiē shàng fēnghǎo chèn diào qīng xīn zhī shí quán ér zhè shí guó wáng láo chēng zàn léi de shèng shēng zhe cǎipín pín wéi léi de shèng gān bēihái xià liǎo hěn de zhù bìng zhàn duō shǎo shàng fēng de léi dìng néng yíngzhè qiēdōu shì wèile fēn sàn léi de xīn shén biàn léi 'ōu néng de guǒ rán huí guò hòu léi jiàn shì jiù yòu xiē sōng chízhè shíléi 'ōu xiōng hěn chū liǎo kānjiā běn lǐngyòng jiàn xià zhōng liǎo léi léi suī rán hái zhī dào quán yīn móudàn zhè liǎo de huǒ yǒng liè de pīn dǒu zhōng léi zhōng duó guò jiàn bìng yòng huí jìng liǎo léi 'ōu xiàzhè xiàléi 'ōu biàn chéng liǎo guó wáng jiān de chǔn de shuāngchóng shēng pǐnzhèng zài zhè jǐn zhāng de shí wáng hòu de cǎn jiào yòu zēng tiān liǎo fēn xiáng cǎiyuán láijiān wáng gěi léi zhǔn bèi xià bēi yòu de yǐn liào biàn léi jiàn shí xià zhè shì duō zhòng de biàn léi 'ōu de jiàn méi néng léi zhè bēi xià liǎo liè xìng yào de yǐn liào yào liǎo léi de xìng mìngdàn guó wáng wàng liǎo shì xiān guān zhào wáng hòusuǒ dāng wáng hòu xià bēi yǐn liào shígāng lái shuō zhōng liǎo jiù dǎo shēn wáng liǎo
  
   léi dùn shí shí dào zhè shì yòu móu shā yīn móu shì hèlìng mén guān lái shuí zhǔn wài chū yào chá chū jiū jìng shì shuí gān dezhè shí chuí de léi 'ōu jué shēn shēn 'āi liǎo léi jiànkěn dìng shì jiù liǎo shì shàng wèi mǐn miè de liáng xīn shǐ zhāo rèn liǎo qiē jiào léi yòng chá shuí shì xiōng shǒu liǎoyuán xiōng shì láo gěi láo de jiān gěi hài liǎoléi 'ōu qǐng qiú léi yuán liàng zhè chū mài péng yǒu de réngào léi shuō jiàn tóu shàng liǎo guó wáng de yào léi jīng huó guò bàn xiǎo shí liǎoshénme líng dān miào yào dōuyǐ jiù liǎo liǎoshuō wán zhè qiēléi 'ōu biàn liǎo léi yǎn kàn kuài yào liǎojiù pīn cán cún de liàng měng xiàng jiān zhà de guó wáng jiàn chā jìn liǎo jiān wáng de xiōng tángdāng shā liǎo zhè móu hài quán jiā de xiōng shǒu léi shí xiàn liǎo dāyìng guǐ hún de nuò yánràng zhè bēi de xiōng shǒu zāo dào liǎo bào yìng
  
   yǎn yǎn de léi yòng zuì hòu kǒu yào qiú qīn yǎn zhè chǎng bēi de hǎo péng yǒu huò dìng yào jiān qiáng huó xià zhòng qīng shēng de huò xiǎng gēn wáng kuài gào huò yào quán gōng zhū zhòngdāng huò hán zhuóyǎn lèi dāyìng dìng zhōng shí zhè yàng zuò shígāo guì de wáng léi biàn shì cháng liǎohuò réndōu liú zhe lèi dǎo tiān shǐ bǎo yòu wáng de líng hún jiādōu jué yào shì léi méi de huà dìng huì chéng wéi zuì zūn guìzuì rén xīnzuì rén kuān hòu de dān mài guó wáng


  The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, or more simply Hamlet, is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1599 and 1601. The play, set in Denmark, recounts how Prince Hamlet exacts revenge on his uncle Claudius for murdering the old King Hamlet, Claudius's own brother and Prince Hamlet's father, and then succeeding to the throne and marrying Gertrude, the King Hamlet's widow and mother of Prince Hamlet. The play vividly charts the course of real and feigned madness—from overwhelming grief to seething rage—and explores themes of treachery, revenge, incest, and moral corruption.
  
  Despite much research, the exact year Hamlet was written remains in dispute. Three different early versions of the play have survived: these are known as the First Quarto (Q1), the Second Quarto (Q2) and the First Folio (F1). Each has lines, and even scenes, that are missing from the others. Shakespeare based Hamlet on the legend of Amleth, preserved by 13th-century chronicler Saxo Grammaticus in his Gesta Danorum as subsequently retold by 16th-century scholar François de Belleforest. He may have also drawn on, or perhaps written, an earlier (hypothetical) Elizabethan play known today as the Ur-Hamlet.
  
  The play's structure and depth of characterization have inspired much critical scrutiny, of which one example is the centuries-old debate about Hamlet's hesitancy to kill his uncle. Some see it as a plot device to prolong the action, and others see it as the result of pressure exerted by the complex philosophical and ethical issues that surround cold-blooded murder, calculated revenge and thwarted desire. More recently, psychoanalytic critics have examined Hamlet's unconscious desires, and feminist critics have re-evaluated and rehabilitated the often maligned characters of Ophelia and Gertrude.
  
  Hamlet is Shakespeare's longest play and among the most powerful and influential tragedies in the English language. It provides a storyline capable of "seemingly endless retelling and adaptation by others". During Shakespeare's lifetime, the play was one of his most popular works, and it still ranks high among his most-performed, topping, for example, the Royal Shakespeare Company's list since 1879. It has inspired writers from Goethe and Dickens to Joyce and Murdoch and has been described as "the world's most filmed story after Cinderella". The title role was almost certainly created for Richard Burbage, the leading tragedian of Shakespeare's time. In the four hundred years since, it has been performed by highly acclaimed actors and actresses from each successive age.
  luó 'ōu zhū yīng wén yuán míng wéi TheMostExcellentandLamentableTragedyofRomeoandJuliet, jiǎn xiě wéi RomeoandJuliet, shì yīng guó zuò jiā suō shì zhù míng de bēi yīn zhī míng 'ér cháng bèi chēng wéi suō wēng bēi zhī shí wéi mài báiào sài luó 'ěr wáng léi )。
  
   dàn luó 'ōu zhū zhè bēi shì bìng shì suō shì de yuán chuàngér shì gǎi biān 'ā · ( ArthurBroke) 1562 nián de xiǎo shuōluó 'ōu zhū de bēi shǐ》( TheTragicallHistoryofRomeusandJuliet)。
  《 luó 'ōu zhū 》 - zuò pǐn jiǎn jiè
  
  
   suō shì jīng diǎn bēi míng zhù
  
   duì chóu shì jiā zhōng de nán xìng de xiāng shíxiāng liànhòu lái zāo hěn duō de kǎo yànméi yòu huài men láo de gǎn qíngdàn zuì hòu yīn wéi huì shuāng shuāng xùn qíngshuāng fāng jiā bìng chóu hènōu liǎo rén lèi wěi de 'ài qíng quán shì liǎo shì de cán
  
   běn céng bèi duō gǎi biān chéng jiāo xiǎng lěi diàn yǐng diàn shì zuò pǐn guó zuòqǔ jiā nuò céng jiāng xiě wéi zhù míng de yīnyuè chéng shì gǎi biān běn é guó zuòqǔ jiā chái yòuluó 'ōu zhū huàn xiǎng 》, zuòqǔ jiā luó gāo fěi wéi gāi biān xiě lěi yuèqǔjūn huò zhòng de 'àiér 1996 nián diàn yǐng bǎn míng wéiluó 'ōu zhū hòu xiàn dài qíng piānyóu hǎo lāi rén lāi 'áng duō · 'ào lāi 'ěr · dài 'ēn zhù yǎn 1997 nián bólín yǐng zhǎn huò duō jiǎng xiàng。 2001 nián guó yīnyuè jiā GérardPresgurvic jiāng běn gǎi biān chéng wén yīnyuè shǒu yǎn zhī hòu jiù zài shì jiè xún huí, 2007 nián yuè céng dào tái běi biǎo yǎnyòu jiāng 2008 nián dào xiāng gǎng zhōng guó yǎn chūwài yòu diàn shì dòng huà bǎnyóu běn dòng huà gōng GONZO zhì zuò 2007 nián 4 yuè 4 fàng
  《 luó 'ōu zhū 》 - zuò zhě jiǎn jiè
  
  
  《 luó 'ōu zhū suō shì
   suō shì ( W.WilliamShakespeare; 1564 1616) gōng yuán 1564 nián 4 yuè 23 shēng yīng lán zhèn, 1616 nián 5 yuè 3 lüè 4 yuè 23 bìng shìyīng guó wén xīng shí jié chū de jiā hèshī réndài biǎo zuò yòu bēi léi 》《 ào sài luó》《 'ěr wáng》《 mài bái》, wēi shāng rénděng bǎi duō shǒu shí xíng shī
  
   wēi lián · suō shì ( 1564 héng 1616) shì wén xīng shí yīng guó 'ōu zhōu zuì zhòng yào de zuò jiā chū shēng yīng lán zhōng zhèn de shāng rén jiā tíngshàonián shí dài céng zài dāng wén xué xiào jiē shòu chǔ jiào xué dīng wénzhé xué shǐ děngjiē chù guò luó zuò jiā de zuò pǐnhòu yīn jiā dào zhōng luòchuò xué móu shēngsuō shì yòu nián shícháng yòu zhù míng tuán lái xiāng jiān xún huí yǎn chūpéi yǎng liǎo duì de 'àihào。 1585 nián qián hòu kāi jiā xiāng lún dūnxiān zài yuàn hòu lái dāng shàng míng yǎn yuánjìn 'ér gǎi biān biān xiě běnsuō shì chú liǎo cān jiā yǎn chū biān hái guǎng fàn jiē chù shè huìcháng cháng suí tuán chū gōng tíng huò lái dào xiāng jiānzhè xiē jīng kuò liǎo de shì wèitā de chuàng zuò xià liǎo chǔ。 
  1590 nián dào 1600 nián shì suō shì chuàng zuò de zǎo yòu chēng wéi shǐ shí zhè shí suō shì rén wén zhù xiǎng shù fēng jiàn jiàn xíng chéngdāng shí de yīng guó zhèng chǔyú suō bái wáng tǒng zhì de dǐng shèng shí wáng quán wěn tǒng jīng fán róngsuō shì duì zài xiàn shí shè huì zhōng shí xiàn rén wén zhù xiǎng chōng mǎn xìn xīnzuò pǐn yáng zhe guān míng lǎng de cǎizhè shí xiě de shǐ bāo kuò chá sān shì》( 1592)、《 hēng shì》( shàng xià )( 1597 héng 1598) hēng shì》( 1599) děng 9 běn de běn zhù shì yōng zhōng yāng wáng quánqiǎn fēng jiàn bào jūn hègē sòng kāi míng jūn zhù ,《 hēng shìzhǎn xiàn de shì guó nèi shì dòng dàng de huà miànguì men lián lái fǎn pàn guó wángdàn pàn luàn zuì zhōng bèi píng wáng tài zǎo xiān shēng huó fàng dànghòu lái rèn shí cuò zài píng dìng nèi luàn zhōng xià zhàn gōng zuò zhōng shǐ shì shí shù gòu dào gāo tǒng rén xíng xiàng zhōng zuì wéi shēng dòng rén lǎn duòwèi suōquè yòu jǐnglíng qiǎo guānlìng rén rěn jùn jìn
  
   suō shì de zuò pǐn bāo kuò
   bēi luó 'ōu zhū mài bái 'ěr wáng lāi ào luótài · ān luò qiú · kǎi ān dōng 'ào pèi āi yàn hòu), 'ào lán luò 'āi wéi chéng diǎn de tài mén děng
  
   cuò zhōng cuòzhōng chéng juàn shǔjiē huān zhòng xià zhī mèng shì shēng fēi bào hái bàobào fēng xùn hàn shí 'èr wēi shāng rénwēn suō de fēng liú niàn menài de láowéi luò 'èr shēn shìtài 'ěr qīn wáng pèi 'ěr xīn bái líndōng tiān de shì děng
  
   shǐ hēng shìhēng shìhēng liù shìhēng shìyuē hàn wáng chá 'èr shì chá sān shì
  
   shí xíng shīài rén de yuàn shī zhēn wéi 'ā duō qíng de cháo shèng zhěfèng huáng bān jiū děng
  
   suō shì de cái jiù yòu běnxiǎo shuōbiān nián shǐ huò mín jiān chuán shuōdàn zài gǎi xiě zhōng zhù liǎo de xiǎnggěi jiù cái xīn yíngfēng shēn de nèi róngzài shù biǎo xiàn shàng chéng dài luó zhōng shì yīng guó wén xīng shí 'ōu zhōu de sān chuán tǒng bìng jiā zhǎncóng nèi róng dào xíng shì jìn xíng liǎo chuàng zào xìng xīn de shòu sān shù bēi jiè xiàn fǎn yìng shēng huó de běn lái miàn shēn tàn suǒ rén nèi xīn 'ào cóng 'ér néng gòu zào chū zhòng duō xìng duō yàngxíng xiàng zhēn shí shēng dòng de rén diǎn xíngmiáo huì liǎo guǎng kuò de guāng shí de shè huì shēng huó jǐngbìng shēn shī zhé zhù chēng
  《 luó 'ōu zhū 》 - nèi róng gěng gài
  
   kǎi lāi méng tài shì zuò chéng shì de liǎng jiā zhè liǎng jiā yòu chóujīng cháng xiè dǒuméng tài jiā yòu 'ér jiào luó 'ōupǐn xíng duān fāngshì jiādōu hěn huān de xiǎo huǒ yòu tiān tīng shuō huān de hái yào kǎi lāi jiā yànwéi liǎo jiàn yǎn zhè wèi hái de péng yǒu dài shàng miàn hùn jìn liǎo kǎi lāi jiā de yàn huì chǎng shìzài zhè yàn huì shàng bèi kǎi lāi jiā de shēng 'ér zhū shēn shēn yǐn zhù liǎozhè tiān wǎn shàngzhū shì yàn huì de zhùjué měi ruò tiān xiānluó 'ōu shàng qián xiàng zhū biǎo shì liǎo de 'ài zhī qíngzhū duì luó 'ōu yòu hǎo gǎn shìdāng shí shuāng fāng dōubù zhī dào duì fāng de shēn fènzhēn xiāng bái zhī hòuluó 'ōu réng rán néng bǎi tuō duì zhū de 'ài fān qiáng jìn liǎo kǎi lāi de guǒ yuánzhèng hǎo tīng jiàn liǎo zhū zài chuāng kǒu qíng jìn huàn luó 'ōu de shēng yīnxiǎn ránshuāng fāng shì jiàn zhōng qíng
  
   'èr tiānluó 'ōu jiàn jìn xiū dào yuàn de shén qǐng dài bāng mángshén dāyìng liǎo luó 'ōu de yào qiújué guǒ néng chéng néng huà jiě liǎng jiā de máo dùnluó 'ōu tōng guò zhū de nǎi niàn zhū yuē dào liǎo xiū dào yuànzài shén de zhù chí xià jié chéng liǎo zhè tiān zhōng luó 'ōu zài jiē shàng dào liǎo zhū de táng xiōng 'ěr 'ěr yào luó 'ōu jué dǒuluó 'ōu suī rán yuàn jué dǒudàn de péng yǒu jué luó 'ōu méi miàn jiù 'ěr jué dǒujiēguǒ bèi 'ěr jiè shā luó 'ōu jiàn wéi péng yǒu bào chóushā liǎo 'ěr chéng shì de tǒng zhì zhě jué dìng zhú luó 'ōuxià lìng guǒ gǎn huí lái jiù chǔsǐ zhū hěn shāng xīn fēi cháng 'ài luó 'ōuluó 'ōu yuàn kāijīng guò shén de quàn shuō cái tóng zàn shí kāizhè tiān wǎn shàng tōu tōu jìn liǎo zhū de shì guò liǎo xīn hūn zhī
  
   'èr tiān tiān liàngluó 'ōu jiù kāi shǐ liǎo de liú fàng shēng huóluó 'ōu gāng kāichū shēng gāo guì de jué jiù lái qiú hūnkǎi lāi fēi cháng mǎn mìng lìng zhū xià xīng jiù jié hūnzhū zhǎo shén xiǎng bàn shén gěi liǎo zhǒng yào xià hòu jiù xiàng liǎo yàngdàn shí 'èr xiǎo shí hòu jiù huì xǐng guò láishén dāyìng pài rén jiào luó 'ōuhuì hěn kuài kāi xuéràng luó 'ōu yuǎn zǒu gāo fēizhū xíng shìzài hūn de tóu tiān wǎn shàng liǎo yào 'èr tiān hūn rán jiù biàn chéng liǎo zàng shén shàng pài rén tōng zhī luó 'ōu shìluó 'ōu zài shén de sòng xìn rén dào lái zhī qián jīng zhī dào liǎo xiāo zài bàn lái dào zhū de xué bàngshā liǎo lán de juéjué kāi liǎo xué wěn liǎo xià zhū zhī hòujiù tāo chū suí shēn dài lái de yào yǐn 'ér jìndǎo zài zhū shēn bàng
  
   děng shén gǎn lái shíluó 'ōu jīng liǎozhè shízhū xǐng guò lái liǎorén yuè lái yuè duōshén hái méi lái zhū jiù táo zǒu liǎozhū jiàn dào de luó 'ōu xiǎng huó rén jiān méi yòu zhǎo dào yàojiù chū luó 'ōu de jiàn xiàng dǎo zài luó 'ōu shēn shàng liǎng jiā de dōulái liǎoshén xiàng men jiǎng shù liǎo luó 'ōu zhū de shìér shī liǎng jiā de cái qīng xǐng guò lái shì jīng wǎn liǎocóng liǎng jiā xiāo chú yuànbìng zài chéng zhōng wéi luó 'ōu zhū zhù liǎo zuò jīn xiàng
  《 luó 'ōu zhū 》 - xiě zuò
  
  《 luó 'ōu zhū zhōng suǒ chū xiàn de liàng de shū qíng xiàng shū qíng xíng shìshì suō shì bēi zhōng suǒ méi yòu de zhōng de nán zhù rén gōng wán quán chén jìn zài duì 'ài qíng de chénxiàng wǎng zhōng 'èr 'èr chǎng kǎi lāi jiā huā yuán zhōngzhū duì yuè shū huáiqīng nián nán qíng de qíng gǎn jiāo liú xiāng bié shí de nán shè nán fēntánzòu de shì qíng chán mián de qīng chūn de sòng ài de sòng
  
   zhū míng tiān yīnggāi zài shénme shí hòu jiào rén lái kàn ?
   luó 'ōujiù zài jiǔ diǎn zhōng
   zhū dìng shī xìnāi dào shí hòugāi yòu 20 nián me cháng jiǔ wèishénme yào jiào huí lái liǎo
   luó 'ōuràng zhàn zài zhè 'érděng liǎo gào
   zhū zhè yàng zhàn zài de miàn qián xīn xiǎng zhe duō me 'ài gēn zài kuài 'ér dìng yǒng yuǎn lái liǎo
   luó 'ōu me jiù yǒng yuǎn děng zài zhè 'érràng yǒng yuǎn láiwàng chú liǎo zhè wài hái yòu shénme jiā
   zhè bēn fàng de qīng chūn chōng de qíng huáishì suō shì zǎo chuàng zuò de suǒ guàn cháng biǎo xiàn dezhè chún cuìměi hǎo de 'ài qíngshì xìng shè huì rèn děng chén shì de jià zhí guān niàn xiāng duì denán zhù rén gōng zhǐ shì yóu wáng cái shí xiàn liǎo chén shì suǒ róng de liàn qíng men de xiǎn shì liǎo qīng chūn 'ài qíng de liàngduì xiàn shí shì jiè tóu shè chū xiàn de guāng mánghuà jiě liǎo liǎng jiā de chóu hèncóng zhè shàng shuō,《 luó 'ōu zhū de zuì hòu jié réng rán shì tuán yuánsuǒ zhè què shí gèng jiē jìn suō shì chuàng zuò tóng shí de
  
   xīn bǎn zhōng xué jiào cái jié xuǎn de shìluó 'ōu zhū sān chǎng quán de jié fēnzhè fēn zhōng suǒ níng de 'ài qíng de shēn chén jiān zhēnnán zhù rén gōng chōng jué fēng jiàn jiào de wèi jīng shén men de duì xiàn shí de chōng bié shì nán zhù rén gōng duì bái zhōng suǒ yùn hán de nóng de shī qíng shēn xiàn liǎo quán zuò wéi guān zhù bēi de quán zhēng
   xià miàn shì luó 'ōu jìn xué kàn dào yào jiǎ de zhū shí de cháng piān bái:“ fén ? ā !…… zhè shì dēng yīn wéi zhū shuì zài zhè de měi mào shǐ zhè biàn chéng zuò chōng mǎn zhe guāng míng de huān yàn de huá táng。” héng héng zhè méi yòu wáng de yīn cǎn kǒng huī yìng zhe de què shì qīng chūn 'ài qíng de guāng mángzhū zhù de shēng sǎo jìn xiàn shí de yīn máigěi hēi 'àn de rén shēng dài lái yǒng héng de guāng míng jìn de huān
  
  “ ā de 'ài rén de ! suī rán jīng liǎo zhōng de fāng què hái méi yòu liàng cuī cán de měi mào hái méi yòu bèi zhēng de zuǐ chún shàngmiàn páng shàng rán xiǎn zhe hóng rùn de měi yàn céng ràng huī bái de wáng jìn zhàn。…… āqīn 'ài de zhū wèishénme réng rán zhè yàng měi ? nán dào de wáng shòu zēng de yāo shì duō qíng zhǒng suǒ cáng zài zhè yōu 'àn de dòng zuò de qíng ? wèile fáng zhǐ zhè yàng de 'ài qíng yào yǒng yuǎn péi bàn zhe zài kāi zhè màn màn cháng de yōu gōng。” héng héng zhè shì duì 'ài qíng de yǒng tàn 'ài qíng de shì yánzài luó 'ōu de niàn zhōngzhū suī rán shī liǎo de fāng ”, dàn què yǒng bǎo zhehóng rùn de měi yàn”, yǒng héng de qīng chūn cuī cán de liàng zhàn shèng liǎohuī bái de wáng”, miàn duì shénxiāng xiāng liànyǒng fēn de shì yuàn yòu duì 'ài qíng de zhí zhùgèng yòu duì zhōng shì fēng jiàn de qiáng liè de fǎn pànzhè zài duì qīng chūn 'ài qíng de sòng duì shēng de 'ài qíng de zhuī qiú zhōngyǒng dòng zhe de shì wén xīng shí rén wén zhù de xiǎng làng cháo duì rén wén zhù xiǎng de jiān dìng de xìn niàn
  
  “ lái wèi de xiàng dǎojué wàng de lǐng gǎng rénxiàn zài gǎn kuài de yàn juàn fēng tāo de chuán xiàng   yán shàng chōng jìn ! wèile de 'ài rén gān liǎo zhè bēi !” héng héng zhè shì luó 'ōu fǎn zǒu xiàng wáng zhī qián suǒ biǎo shù de zuì hòu de xīn shēngsuō shì yòng shī qíng huà de chùshǐ bēi chuàng de shǎn yào zhe rén xìng de líng guānghuí xiǎng zhe làng màn de xuán luó 'ōu zhū de gǎi zào liǎo xiàn shí shēng huó de dìng shìchǎn shēng liǎo cuī xiǔ de zuò yòngshǐ wèi lái shēng huó zài liǎng shì chóu jiā tíng de qīng nián rén huì zài chóngdǎo men de mìng yùn men yòng nián qīng de shēng mìng shì liǎo chōng mǎn wàng de míng tiān,《 luó 'ōu zhū kuì wén xīng wǎn yáng zhe qīng chūn zhāoqì de guān zhù de bēi ”。
  《 luó 'ōu zhū 》 - jiǎn yào píng jià
  
   xué shù shàng shā shì shēng zhōng chuàng zuò de 39 běn fēn chéng 5 lèi shǐ bēi bēi chuán
  
  《 luó 'ōu zhū xiě 1594 niánbèi liè wéi bēi suī rán gēn wài guó wén xué shǐzhōng suǒ shuōbèi gōng rèn de shā wēng bēi shì léi 》《 ào luó》《 'ěr wángmài bái》。 chuàng zuò 1594 nián deluó 'ōu zhū bìng méi yòu liè zhōngdàn shì,《 luó 'ōu zhū de shì què shì men zhe xuè qīng nián suǒ shú zhī deshì yīn wéi 'ài qíng de wǎn shì yīn wéi 'ài qíng de liàng zhōng jiū huà jiě liǎo shì dài de chóu hěn zhè 'ér zhīfǎn zhèng,《 luó 'ōu zhū 》, zài kàn guò shū běn zhī qiángěi de lián xiǎng shì yào de 'ài qíng biàn men liǎng suǒ zhōng 'ài de qíng rén biàn zhū bān wéi zhī chī
  
   xiàn zàiràng jiè zhù láo lún shén zhī kǒu miáo shù fān shì de mài luò
  “ yào jīng guò de qíng xíng jìn liàng jiǎn dān shù chū láiyīn wéi de duǎn de cán shēng hái duàn rǒng fán de shì me cháng liǎo de luó 'ōu shì liǎo de zhū de zhàng shì luó 'ōu de zhōng xīn de men de hūn shì yóu zhù chí dejiù zài men jié hūn de tiān 'ěr fēi mìngzhè wèi cái zuò xīn láng de rén cóng zhè chéng bèi zhú chū zhū shì wéi liǎo shì wèile 'ěr cái yàng shāng xīn qiáo cuì men yīn wéi yào jiě chú fán nǎo hūn gěi juéhái yào qiǎngpò jià gěi jiù páo lái jiàn shén huāng zhāng yào miǎn zhè 'èr de jié hūnfǒu yào zài de yuàn shāsuǒ jiù gēn de yào fāng miàn de xué shígěi yīfù 'ān mián de yào shuǐ guǒ rán shēng liǎo suǒ de xiào yīfù xià jiù xiàng liǎo yàng hūn chén guò
  
   tóng shí xiě xìn gěi luó 'ōujiào jiù zài zhè bēi cǎn de wǎn shàng dào zhè 'ér láibāng zhù bān chū de fén yīn wéi yào xìng dào shí hòu biàn huì guò shì dài xìn de yuē hàn shén què yīn zāo dào wài néng tuō shēnzuó tiān wǎn shàng cái de xìn rán dài liǎo huí lái shí zhǐ hǎo 'àn zhào zhe xiān suàn dìng xǐng lái de shí jiān rén qián cóng jiā de yǒng dài chū lái bèi cáng zài de yuàn děng yòu fāng biàn zài jiào luó 'ōu lái liào zài xǐng lái qián fēn zhōng dào zhè 'ér lái de shí hòuzūn guì de zhōng chéng de luó 'ōu jīng shuāng shuāng cǎn liǎo xǐng guò lái jiù qǐng chū quàn 'ān xīn rěn shòu zhè zhǒng chū tiān de biàn shì shí tīng jiàn liǎo fēn fēn de rén shēngxià táo chū liǎo xué zài wàn fēn jué wàng zhī zhōng kěn gēn kàn yàng shì shā liǎozhè shì suǒ zhī dào de qiēzhì men liǎng rén de jié hūn me de shì yùwén deyào shì zhè yīcháng xìng de cǎn huòshì yóu de shū suǒ zào chéng me zhè tiáo lǎo mìng yuàn shòu zuì yán de de zhì cáiqǐng nín ràng zǎo diǎn zhōng shēng liǎo 。”
  
   fēi shàng de kāi chǎng shīyōu měi de què pīn chéng cǎn de 'ài qíng shìhéwèi bēi jiù shì rén men měi hǎo de mèng zài xiàn shí zhōng zhèng xīn nòng hǎo de huā píngzài shàng de zuì hòu huán shàng què yòu shuāi liǎozhè néng jiào rén wǎn
  “ shì shēng zài wéi luò míng chéngyòu liǎng jiā mén xiāng dāng de lěi shì de yuàn liǎo xīn zhēngxiān xuè shì mín de bái shǒu dòushì mìng yùn zhù dìng zhè liǎng jiā chóu shēng xià liǎo shuāng xìng de liàn rén men de bēi cǎn liáng de yǔn miè jiě liǎo men jiāo 'è de zūn qīnzhè duàn shēng shēng de liàn 'àihái yòu liǎng jiā de xián duì duō qíng de 'ér shā hàiyǎn chéng liǎo jīn tiān zhè běn 。”
  
   zhěng qíng biàn shì shàng suǒ shùzài wéi luò xiǎo chéng méng tài kǎi lāi liǎng yòu shēng wàng de jiā què shì shì chóu de yuān jiāshuāng fāng wèile wéi suǒ yōng yòu de jiā míng zhì gāo shàng de xìng shì de zūn yányīn zhè jiàn duì juéliúxiě wáng zài suǒ 。( chā wài huà,《 luó 'ōu zhū xiě 1594 niánzhōng shì de 'ōu zhōuduì jué shì huà de shāng dàn míng bái wèishénmeluó 'ōu zhū zhè běn shàng duō chù míng shìshā rén mìng”。) zhè dào liǎng jiā de rénkǎi lāi jiā de rén shān sūn lái méng tài
  《 luó 'ōu zhū 》《 luó 'ōu zhū
   de rén hǎn zài wéi luò de guǎng chǎng shàng xiāng hěn shì jiǎn dān píng fán de xiāng zài shuāng fāng rén kàn lái què shì,“ jiàn liǎo méng tài jiā de gǒu jiù shēng 。”“ yào xiàng men yǎo de zhǐ。”( yǎo zhǐ shì duì rén de suí zhī biàn dòng gān láijǐn jiē zhehòu lái de méng tài de zhí bān 'ào jiàn xiāng dǒuzài qīn wáng de gān xiàshuāng fāng tíng zhǐ liǎo dǒuér chóu shì què shì tíng zhǐ dezài nèi xīn màn yán zīzhǎng
  
   luó 'ōu duì shì liǎo xīng wéi qíng suǒ kùnyuán yóu shì suǒ 'ài de rén jīng xià liǎo zhè yàng de shì yánwèile zhēn zào chéng liǎo de làng fèiyīn wéi ràng měi mào zài qíng de suì yuè zhōng jiàn wěi zhī dào hòu shì chuán liú xià de jué shì róng huá shì tài měi tài cōng míng de rén 'ér yìng gāi duó shēn de xìng shǐ bào hèn zhōng tiān jīng shì shè 'ài qíng xiàn zài huó zhe jiù děng bān。”( luó 'ōu xiàn suǒ 'ài de bìng shì zhū shì míng jiào luó lín de měi rén 'ér
  
   qià hǎo kǎi lāi jiā yào xíng yàn huìér rén yòu shí shā wēng rán 'ér rán wéi luó 'ōu kǎi lāi de xiǎo jiě zhū de xiāng zuò diàn rén biàn xiàng luó 'ōu tǎo jiào meluó 'ōu biàn zhī dào liǎo kǎi lāi jiā yào bàn yàn huì de shì qíngbān 'ào wèile pái jiě luó 'ōu duì néng dào zhēn 'ài de de yōu chóu,“ xiōng xīn de huǒ yàn jiù de huǒ yàn miè de tòng shǐ xiǎo de tòng jiǎn qīngtóuyūn huàn de shí hòuzhǐ yào zhuǎn shēn xiàng hòu zhuāng jué wàng de yōu shāng yòng lìng zhuāng fán nǎo chúgěi de yǎn jīng zhǎo xīn de huò de yuán lái de jiù huò rán tuō 。” biàn sǒng yǒng cān jiā kǎi lāi jiā de yàn huì shì jiù chū xiàn liǎo men zhě dài zhōng de luó 'ōu zhū xiāng de
  《 luó 'ōu zhū 》 - míng duàn xīn shǎng
  
   shān sūn jiàn liǎo men jiā de gǒu jiù huì zhàn zhù dòngméng tài jiā rèn nán pèng dào liǎo jiù xiàng shì pèng dào qiáng yàng
   lái zhè zhèng shuō míng shì ruǎn ruò néng de cáizhǐ yòu zuì méi chū de jiā huǒcái qiáng xià duǒ nán
   shān sūn díquè cuòsuǒ shēng lái ruǎn ruò de rénjiù lǎo shì bèi rén néng dòng jiàn liǎo méng tài jiā rén láishì nán rén jiù men cóng qiáng biān tuī chū shì rén jiù men wàng zhe qiáng shuāi guò
  
   èrhǎo duō tiān de zǎo shàng céng jīng yòu rén zài biān kàn jiàn guò yòng yǎn lèi wéi qīng chén de shuǐyòng cháng tàn shī chéng tiān kōng de yún shì děng dào zhòng shēng de tài yáng zài dōng fāng de tiān biān kāi shǐ jiē míng shén chuáng shàng huī hēi de zhàng de shí hòu huái zhe chén zhòng de xīn de 'ér jiù táo liǎo guāng míngliù huí dào jiā rén guān liǎo mén duǒ zhèng zài fáng jiān jǐn liǎo chuāng hǎo de yáng guāng suǒ zài wài miànwèitā zào chéng liǎo rén gōng de hēi
  
   sānāchǎo chǎo nào nào de xiāng 'àiqīn qīn de yuàn hènā zhōng shēng yòu de qiēāchén zhòng de qīng yán de kuáng wàngzhěng de hùn luànqiān zhù de máoguāng míng de yān hán lěng de huǒ yànqiáo cuì de jiàn kāngyǒng yuǎn shuì xǐng de shuì miánfǒu dìng de cún zài gǎn jué dào 'ài qíng zhèng shì zhè me zhǒng dōng shì bìng huān zhè zhǒng 'ài qíng
  
   ài qíng shì tàn chuī de zhèn yānliàn rén de yǎn zhōng yòu jìng huà liǎo de huǒ xīngliàn rén de yǎn lèi shì de tāo
  
   yòng de shí chǐ héng héng héng 'āishuō lái shāng xīn de chǐ diào zhǐ shèng héng héng héng hái méi mǎn shí suì xiàn zài kāi shōu huò jié hái yòu duō jiǔ
  
   liù shì jīng líng de wěn de shǒu zhǐ zhǐ yòu jùn shǒu zhǐ shàng de nǎo me xiǎo de tuō zhe chē yuè guò hān shuì de rén mín de liáng de chē zài zhī zhū de cháng jiǎo zuò chéng dechē péng shì zhà měng de chì bǎngwǎn suǒ shì xiǎo zhī zhū jìn dài shuǐ de yuè guāng biān shì shuài de tóushéng suǒ shì tiān de yóu jià chē de shì xiǎo xiǎo de wén chóng de xiǎo hái tān lǎn tóu de zhǐ jiān tiǎo chū lái de lǎn chóng de bàn de chē shì cán yòng zhēn de kōng zào chéng de men cóng láijiù shì jīng líng mén de chē jiàng
  
   yào shì zhēn de 'ài jiù qǐng chéng gào yào shì xián tài róng jiàng xīn xiāng cóng huì duī róngzhuāng chū juéjiàng de shén jué de hǎo hǎo ràng xiàng wǎn zhuǎn qiú qíngfǒu shì lùn huì jué de
  
   yào zhǐ zhe yuè liàng shì shì biàn huà cháng deměi yuè dōuyòu yíng kuī yuán quē yào shì zhǐ zhe shì de 'ài qíng huì xiàng yàng cháng
  
   jiǔwèile biǎo shì de kāng kǎi yào chóngxīn gěi shì zhǐ yuàn yào yòu de dōng de kāng kǎi xiàng hǎi yàng hào miǎo de 'ài qíng xiàng hǎi yàng shēn chén gěi de yuè duō yuè shì yòuyīn wéi zhè liǎng zhě dōushì méi yòu qióng jìn de
  
   shí qiān de wǎn 'ān
  
   shí shì jiù hǎo táo de hái xiàng fàng sōng qiú fàn shìde ràng xīn 'ài de niǎo 'ér zàn shí tiào chū de zhǎng xīnyòu yòng gēn xiàn liǎo huí láiài de xīn shǐ yuàn gěi yóu
  
   shí 'èrwèile wèi de 'ài qíng tiān jiā diǎn xīn suān de wèi dàocéng jīng làng fèi diào duō shǎo de xián shuǐ
  
   shí sānliàn 'ài de shǐ zhě yīngdāng shì xiǎngyīn wéi sàn shān shàng de yīn yǐng de tài yáng guāng hái yào kuài shí bèisuǒ wéi de yún chē shì yòng bái jià shǐ desuǒ líng fēng 'ér fēi de qiū shēng zhe chì bǎng
  
   shí zěn me mǎn liǎn de 'ào nǎo shǐ shì huài xiāo yīnggāi zhuāng zhe xiào róng shuō guǒ shì hǎo xiāo jiù gāi yòng zhè nán kàn de miàn kǒng zòu
  《 luó 'ōu zhū 》《 luó 'ōu zhū 》 CD fēng miàn
   chū měi miào de yīn lái
  
   shí chōng shí de xiǎng zài yán de zhǐ yòu 'ér cái néng gòu suàn de jiā
  
   shí liùràng men yòng yǎn lèi de shāng kǒu de yǎn lèi shì yào liú zhe wéi luó 'ōu de fàng zhú 'ér 'āi de
  
   shí zhè shì xíng shì 'ēn diǎnzhū suǒ zài de fāng jiù shì tiān tángzhè 'ér de měi zhǐ māoměi zhǐ gǒuměi zhǐ xiǎo xiǎo de lǎo shǔ shēng huó zài tiān táng dōukě zhān yǎng dào de róng yán shì luó 'ōu què kàn jiàn huì de cāng yíng dōukě jiē chù qīn 'ài de zhū de jiǎo jié de shǒucóng de zuǐ chún shàng tōu tiān táng zhōng de xìng liǎng piàn zuǐ chún shì zhè yàng de chún jié zhēn shūyǒng yuǎn hán zhe jiāo xiūhǎo xiàng jué men shēn de xiāng wěn shì zhǒng zuì 'ècāng yíng zhè yàng zuò què yuǎn zǒu gāo fēi men shì yóu rén què shì fàng zhú de liú
  
   shí tiān jīng liàng liǎotiān jīng liàng liǎokuài zǒu kuài zǒu chàng zhè yàng 'ěr zhe de zào shēng tǎo yàn de ruì yīn dezhèng shì tiān de yún quèyòu rén shuō yún què huì chū qiān biàn wàn huà de tián de shēngzhè huà diǎn duìyīn wéi zhǐ shǐ men fēn yòu rén shuō yún què céng chǒu 'è de chán chú jiāo huàn yǎn jīngā dàn yuàn men jiāo huàn liǎo shēng yīnyīn wéi shēng yīn shǐ kāi de huái bàoyòng cuī xǐng de chén cuī de dēng chéngxiàn zài kuài zǒu tiān yuè lái yuè liàng liǎo
  
   shí jiǔshìdàng de bēi 'āi biǎo shì gǎn qíng de shēnqièguò de shāng xīn què zhèng míng zhì huì de qiàn quē
  
   èr shítài yáng xià de shí hòutiān kōng làxià liǎo méng méng de shì de zhí 'ér liǎoquè yòu qīng pén wèitā xià zàngzěn mezhuāng pēn shuǐ guǎn lái liǎo hái dào xiàn zài hái méi yòu tíng zhè xiǎo xiǎo de shēn miàn yòu chuán yòu hǎi yòu fēngyīn wéi de yǎn jīng jiù shì hǎiyǒng yuǎn yòu lèi cháo zài 'ér zhǎng tuì de shēn shì sōu chuánzài zhè lèi hái shàng miàn háng xíng de tàn shì hái shàng de kuáng fēng shì shēn jīng fēng làng de chuī huí zài xiōng yǒng de fēng làng zhōng méi de
  《 luó 'ōu zhū 》 - zuò pǐn shǎng
  
  《 luó 'ōu zhū shì suō shì míng zuò xiàn liǎo suō shì de chuàng zuò xiǎng shù fēng gāo zhōng xīn běn jié xuǎn gāi de zuì hòu yīcháng shì quán de jīng huá fēnpǐn zhè chǎng kuī bān jiàn bàochuài lǐng quán de zhù xiǎngmáo dùn chōng rén xìng yán fēng xià miàn shì zhe zuò xiē shǎng
  
   rén wén zhù xiǎng de jìn xìng xìng
  
   men xiān kàn duì suō shì chuàng zuò de jīng diǎn lùn shù:“ suō shì de quán zuò pǐn de běn xiǎng shì rén wén zhù huò rén dào zhù yòng de yán shuōjiù shìài’。 de zuò pǐn jiù shìàide guān niàn duō fāng miàn de biǎo xiànrén wén zhù shì xīn xīng chǎn jiē fǎn fēng jiàn de xiǎng suō shì zuò pǐn fǎn yìng liǎo xīn xīng chǎn jiē de xiǎng。”(《 zhōng guó bǎi quán shū ? wài guó wén xué》) zhè xiē yán lùn wèiwǒ men jiěluó 'ōu zhū zhè zuò pǐn de gōng cān zhào
  
   luó 'ōu zhū shì dài biǎo suō shì shí dài de rén wén zhù xiǎng de guì qīng nián men guì jiā tíng de dǒu zhēng yìng xiàn zhe rén wén zhù fēng jiàn zhù de dǒu zhēngdǒu zhēng shì jiān ruìcán 'ér bēi zhuàng denián qīng de dài dài zheàide niàn jīng shén zǒu shàng shǐ táijìn guǎn xiàn liǎo rén wén zhù jīng shén méng shēngzhǎng de rán xìng shè huì jìn de rán yào qiúdàn men jìng zhì nèn kàng fēng jiàn shì de 'è zhì 'ě shā men deài shì quē xiàn shí chǔ dehǎi shì shèn lóu”。 men wèileài yóu chū liǎo shēng mìng de dài jiàcóng zhè shàng shuōrén wén zhù de bēi shì rán derán 'ér dǒu zhēng yòu shì rén wén zhù zài dìng chéng shàng de shèng 'ér gào jié shùyīn wéi liǎng wèi qīng nián zhī zhōng huàn xǐng liǎo wán shǒu jiù de guì jiē de liáng zhīliǎng shì chóu jiā tíng jiě liǎozhè jiě wéi rén wén zhù àide shèng jié bìng xiàng yòu xiē diǎn bēi yàng guòfèn xuàn rǎn bēi chén de fēnér shì dài yòu xiē guān qíng diàozhè yòu xiàn suō shì zuò rén wén zhù jīng shén zhōng de guān qīng xiàngzhè zhǒng suǒ wèiqǔzhōng zòu ”, shǐ běn de fēng máng shì me ruì liǎo shì suō shì shì de rén wén zhù xiǎng dídí tuǒ xié xìng 'ài xìng píng xìng de biǎo xiàn
  
   èrmáo dùn chōng de duō zhòng xìng qiǎo xìng
  
   wén jié xuǎn de shì quán xíng jiāng jié shù de yīcháng chǎng shàng fēn jǐn zhāngqíng jié sān zhémáo dùn chōng dào gāo cháo zhōng yòu duō zhòng máo dùnluó 'ōu de máo dùnluó 'ōu kǎi lāi jiā de máo dùnzhū jiā de máo dùnméng tài kǎi lāi liǎng jiā de máo dùn…… zhè me duō de máo dùn zài yīcháng tóng shí shēng yòu hěn hǎo de xìng xiào guǒ
  
   fán zǒng yào yòu zhǒng zhǒng qiǎo fán qiǎo dōuyòu xìngqiǎo shì máo dùn chōng shēng de luó 'ōu láo lún sān zhě yuē 'ér tóng lái dào zhū de luó 'ōu zhū chàdiǎn 'ér huó zhe xiāng féng shēng biéyòu qíng rén zhōng néng chéng juàn shǔ luó 'ōu liǎng fāng de rén qià hǎo liǎo liǎng rén de dǒuchéng wéicǎn 'ànde jiàn zhèng rénláo lún liǎo luó zhū 'èr rén de 'ài qíng hūn yīn de quán guò chéngchéng wéi luó zhū 'ài qíng shì bái tiān xià de jiàn zhèng rénqīn wángméng tài kǎi lāi tóng shí gǎn dàocǎn 'ànxiàn chǎng…… zhè xiē dōushì qiǎo shì máo dùn chōng shēng de chǔ
  
   máo dùn zhōng bào zhī shí zhèng shì men jié shù zhī shízuì hòu xiàng zhēng zhe zhèng quán de qīn wáng tiáojiě liǎng jiā de máo dùn chōng shì duō zhòng defēng jiàn zhù kāi shǐ jìn huàliáng xīn xiànxiàng rén wén zhù xiǎng jīng shén de tuǒ xié rèn tóngrén wén zhù dǒu zhēng chè duì fēng jiàn zhù bào yòu huàn xiǎngxiàn shí zhèng quán zài wéi chí shè huì wěn dìngshè huì zhǎnwéi gōng zhèng de shè huì zhì fāng miàn zhe wéi zhòng yào de zuò yòngzhè jiù shì máo dùn de duō zhòng xìng dǎo zhì zuò pǐn de duō yuán xìng
  
   sānrén xìng de duō yàng xìng
  
   jìn guǎn yòu tóng shì tóng fāng miàn de máo dùn chōng dàn quán de zhǎn zuì hòu luò dào rén xīn xiàng shàn de guī jié diǎn shàngbiǎo xiàn liǎo máo dùn chōng de tóng xìng rén qún gēn xìng de tóng xìngzài zhè zhǒng tóng xìng zhī xiàrén xìng réng xiǎn duō duō cǎizhí wán wèi
  
   tóng shì rén wén zhù huà shēn de luó zhū 'èr rénxìng yòu jiào de tóngluó 'ōu xìng běn wēn qíngzhí shuàishàn liáng gòu chén wěnquē xīn zhí shuài de běn xìng cán de xiàn shí shǐ zǒu xiàng duān de dào shā kǎi lāi jiā de rén 'ěr ), shā dōushì rěn rěn dehuò shì chū zhàng huò shì chū wèizài běn wén zhōng men kàn dào qīn shǒu shā biǎo xiàn chū chuí zhě de fēng kuángdàn shǐ shì zhè yàng hái shì biǎo xiàn liǎo yòu chóng gāo xiǎng de rén wén zhù zhě de pǐn duì duì shǒu biǎo liǎo 'ài xīnshí zài yuàn shā duì shǒu shì wèile měi hǎo de 'ài qíng 'ér desǐde zhuàng liè de xìng zhí shuàiyòu duō yàng xìng shì yǒng gǎn 'ér chéng shú de xiǎng zhù qīng nián
  
   zhū měi chún jiézhōng zhēn tóng shí shàn liáng wēn mǒu xiē xīn yòu zhū tíng tíng de shuǐ lián huāsuī gēn zhí zhuó de nào 'ér yòu chún jié míng jìngsuī jīng cuī cán réng piāo sàn zhe jīng jiǔ de fēn fāng jiā yuàn de jìn dǎn jiē shòu luó 'ōu de 'ài qíngbiǎo xiàn liǎo jīng pàn dàojīng shénwéi shí xiàn měi mǎn de hūn yīn yòng xīn liáng kào jiǎ duǒ guò de hūn yīn zhēn zhèng suǒ 'ài de rén jié chéng liáng yuáncóng wángzhōng xǐng lái de huà shì xún wèn de jūn”, dāng zhī jūn biàn rán zhēn de xùn qíngjué gǒu huó 'ài qíng kàn gāo shēng mìng de xiǎng zuì zhōng néng yuànshì yīn wéi tài tiān zhēn zhì nèn jìng cái 14 suì shì yīn wéi xiàn shí tài hēi 'àn cán shǐ shí zài kàng mìng yùn de cuò 'ān pái shì qíng 'ér róu ruò de xiǎng zhù qīng nián
  
   láo lún shén shì běn chǎng zhōng de chuān zhēn yǐn xiàn de zhòng yào rén xìng běn shàn liángér yòu dùn qiè ruò shì sēng què guò duō guò shēn jiè shì shì dāng luó 'ōu qián lái qiú yuán shí wèitā men 'èr rén zhù chí hūn bìng jué xīn bāng zhe huà jiě méng tài kǎi lāi liǎng jiā zhī jiān de máo dùndāng zhī gěi luó 'ōu de xìn wèi néng sòng dào shí qīn lái zhū de fén zhè xiē biǎo xiàn liǎo yòu shì rén shì bān de qíng shàn liángdàn yòu guò de fāngzài jiù chū zhū shí dǎn zhàn xīn jīngdāng tīng dào yòu xún de rén lái liǎo de shí hòu xià diū xià zhū guǎn táo páo liǎoyòu jiàn rén bān qiè ruò wěi suǒ de miàngèng zhí zhù de shì zuò wéi shén què shǐ zhōng méi yòu sòng shén líng de huà jiàn yòng shén jiào rén xīnjiào rén chàn huǐ shì suō shì suǒ jiě suǒ miáo huà bìng dài zhe suō shì lián
  《 luó 'ōu zhū 》《 luó 'ōu zhū hǎi bào
   yòu 'ài qíng gǎn de shén kàn lái suō shì yuàn xiě chū jìn shén jiào zhí shǒu de shén shì shì huà de shén
  
   rén yán de shù xìng
  
   suō shì zuò yán de xiān míng xìnggāo miào de shù huá cǎi fēng de nèi hánshì lái wéi rén suǒ chēng dào de shuō:“ suō shì yòng huó de yǐng xiǎng zhe menér zuì hǎo tōng guò sòng lái chuán …… qīng tīng rén men yòng rán zhèng què de shēng diào lái sòng ér shì yǎn yuán bān lǎng sòng piān suō shì de zuò pǐnshì jiè shàng zài méi yòu zhè jiàn shì qíng gèng gāo shàng gèng chún cuì de xiǎng shòu liǎo。”“ shēng shì jiè shì shí zài kōng zhōng dòng dàng zhe de qiē shì jiàn shēng de shí zài rén xīn zhōng yǐn cáng zhe de qiēdōushuō chū lái liǎoxīn líng zhōng shēng bié rén kàn jiàn de fēng zhe de shì zài zhè yóu chàng kuài bèi cǎi jué chū lái。”( shuō jìn suō shì 》) jié chū zuò jiā gāo míng jiàn shǎng jiā de mǐn gǎn shēn jiāng suō shì zuò pǐn yán de fēng shēng dòng rán tiē qiē miáo shù chū lái liǎokān chēng suō shì zhī yīn
  
   suō rén de yán qià dào hǎo chù biǎo xiàn rén de shēn fènxìng dāng shí de xīn qíngchéng wéi rén xìng huà de biāo zhìluó 'ōu shēn fènjiào yǎng běn xiāng mendōu 'ài liàn zhe zhū dàn shì yán de shēn qíng yòu suǒ tóng de huà zhǐ shì bān xìng de 'āi dào niànluó 'ōu de huà gèng wéi qíng péng pàishì cóng xíng jiāng xùn zàng zhě kǒu shuō chū lái degèng wéi gǎn rénér qiě luó 'ōu de huà zài qíng de jìn zhǎn zhōng kàn chū tóng de gǎn qíng céng rén de tóng miàn shǐ yào shā shuō chū 'ài duì fāng shèng guò 'ài de nèi xīn de huà
  
   lìng wài zhōng rén de yán fēn chū shī de fēi shī de liǎng zhǒngyòu shēn fèn yòu jiào yǎng de rén cháng shuō shī de huàxià céng rén cháng shuō fēi shī de huàrén zài shū gǎn qíng de shí hòu shuō shī de huà dòng qíng de shí hòu shuō fēi shī de huà zhōng duō huà zhēn shī huò kēng qiāng yòu huò qíng fēi yánghuò wěi wǎn shēn chén luó 'ōu zài zhū qián de qīng chōng mǎn qíng gǎn shāngquán shì huá měi de shī qīn wáng zuì hòu de xuān shì shì huá měi de shī suǒ tóng de shì shì quán wēi de kǒu xiàng quán rén wéi quán zuò de zǒng jiésuī rán shū qíng wèi luó 'èr rén de huà dàn yòu zhé zhè yòu shì shèng chū de fāngzhè xiē shī yòu xiē shì shī xíng pái liè deyòu xiē shì sǎnxíng pái liè de zhí rèn zhēn sòng pǐn wèi
  《 luó 'ōu zhū 》 - yǐng shì xìn
  
   tóng míng diàn yǐng
  
   zhōng wén míng chēng : luó 'ōu zhū
   wài wén míng chēng :RomeoandJuliet
   míng chēng : xùn qíng
   diàn yǐng lèi xíng : qíng piàn shì piàn 'ài qíng piàn zhì piàn
   suǒ shǔ guó bié : yīng guó
   chū pǐn zhě :RankFilmOrganization[gb]Universalcine[it]
   nèi róng jiǎn jièliàn rén luó 'ōu zhū lái liǎng yòu shì chóu de jiā shì men xiàn liǎo xiǎng xiàn shíài hèn de chōng zhī zhōng…… gāi piàn céng huò wēi yǐng zhǎn zuì jiā yǐngpiān jiǎng
  
   yǎn zhí yuán biǎo
  
  【 dǎo yǎnléi tuō · RenatoCastellani
  
  【 biān 】 RenatoCastellani; WilliamShakespeare
  
  【 zhù yào yǎn yuán
  
   láo lún · wéi (LaurenceHarvey)......Romeo
  
   shān · xiān tuō (SusanShentall)......Juliet
  
   luò · luó sēn (FloraRobson)......Nurse
  
   yún · yuē hàn (MervynJohns)......FriarLaurence
  
   'ěr · (BillTravers)......Benvolio
  
   tóng míng diàn yǐng 'èr
  【 yuán piàn míng】 Romeo+Juliet( SpecialEdition)
  【 zhōng wén míngxiàn dài luó 'ōu zhū
  【 chū pǐn gōng ( 20thCenturyFox)
  【 chū pǐn nián dài】 1996
  【 MPAA bié】 PG-13
  【 IMDB píng fēn】 6.7/10(18,939votes)
  【 guó   jiāměi guó
  《 luó 'ōu zhū 》《 luó 'ōu zhū tái
  【 lèi   biédòng zuò / qíng / luó màn shǐ
  【 dǎo   yǎn · huò màn BazLuhrmann
  【 zhù   yǎnlāi 'áng duō · 'ào LeonardoDicaprio
   lāi 'ěr · dài 'ēn GaireDanes
   bǎo luó · suǒ wéi nuò PaulSorvino
  JohnLeguizamo
  BrianDennehy
  
  【 nèi róng jiǎn jiè
   zài de wéi luó yòu liǎng xiāng duì de jiā tíng men shì zhū qīn wéi shǒu díkǎ lāi jiā luó 'ōu qīn wéi shǒu de méng jiā liǎng jiā zhī jiān duàn shēng bào chōng wéi chéng shì lǒngzhào shàng liǎo céng yīn yǐng
   luó 'ōu shì zhěng tiān chén 'ài huàn xiǎng zhī zhōng de qīng niánzài péng yǒu qiū de dòng xiàluó 'ōu cān jiā liǎo lāi jiā bàn de huà zhuāng huìzhū de qīn wèile lāi jià gěi suǒ xuǎn dìng de nián qīng rén 'ér bàn liǎo zhè huìrán 'ér shì yuàn wéizhū zài huì shàng jiàn liǎo luó 'ōuliǎng rén jiàn zhōng qíng
   luó 'ōu zài huì jié shù hòu yòu qián lāi jiā de hòu yuàn zhū xiāng huìliǎng rén xiāng qīng liǎo 'ài zhī qíngzài shén de bāng zhù xiàliǎng rén jié liǎo hūnshén wàng néng lái huà jiě liǎng jiā jiān cháng jiǔ de chóu hèn
   zhū de biǎo xiōng tài huá shì xiōng cán hǎo shā de jiā huǒ zhǎo dào liǎo luó 'ōu yào qiú jué dǒubèi wàng píng de luó 'ōu juétài huá fēng kuáng 'ōu luó 'ōuyǐn liǎo qiū tuō de fèn zài luó 'ōu de quàn xià qiū tuō méi yòu shā tài huádàn tài huá què chéng shā liǎo qiū tuōbēi jiù shēngfèn de luó 'ōu shā liǎo tài huázāo dào bèi zhú de chéng
   luó 'ōu zài zhū xiāng huì hòu dàn shí zhū de qīn què yào zhū jià gěi 'ài de nián qīng rénzài shén de cèhuà xiàzhū jiǎ zhuāng jìndàn shén de xìn què wèi néng jiāo dào luó 'ōu de shǒu jiē dào 'è hào de luó 'ōu gǎn dào jiào tángjiù zài zhū xǐng lái shíluó 'ōu jīng xià liǎo yàozhū suí zhī kāi qiāng jìnliǎng jiā jiān de shì chóudǎo zhì liǎo nián qīng dài de 'ài qíng bēi
  
   tóng míng dòng huà
  
  《 luó 'ōu zhū 》( 2007 rén dòng huà)( Romeo×Juliet)
  
   chū pǐn nián fèn 2007-04-04
  
   shì jiǎn jiè
   suō shì de zhè miáo xiě làng màn 'ài qíng de jīng diǎn bēi míng zuòjiāng bèi GONZO zhǎn xīn de tái shè dìng lái gǎi biān chéng dòng huà, GONZO xuān zhè zuò pǐn jiāng dài lái jiū de zuì xīn ruì shì jué xiào guǒ
   shì jiǎng shù de 2 nián qīng rén de liàn 'ài shìdàn shìyòng liàn 'ài lái chēng men zhè duàn gǎn qíng de huà tài guò cán shì de tái shì kōng zhōng yóu shì xīn wēi lóng zài kǎi lāi jiā de tǒng zhì xià shì bèi shén de liàng suǒ 'ēn huì de fán huá de chéng shì。 14 nián qiánméng tài 'ōu jiā fǎn luàncóng píng xiāo shī liǎo
   zài bào jūn de gōng píng tǒng zhì xiàrén mín de pín chā yuè lái yuè
   chéng liǎo kǎi lāi jiā xuè tǒngwéi cún huó xià lái de shàonǚ héng héng zhū
   shuāng qīn de chóu rén héng héng cái zhě méng tài 'ōu de 'ér luó 'ōu
   cán de mìng yùn shǐ liǎng rén zǒu dào liǎo bìng zhuì liǎo 'ài ……
  
  《 luó 'ōu zhū 》《 luó 'ōu zhū
   juésè - shēng yōu biǎo
   luó 'ōu shuǐ dǎo zhòu
   zhū shuǐ shǐ huì
   'ào niǎo hǎi hào
   lǎng dǎo shǐ
   sōng lái wèi yòu
   ān dōng 'ào guǎng qiáo liáng
  Hermione yuán shā xiāng
   méng tài 'ōu shí jǐng kāng
  Tybalt zhì nián lóng tài láng
  Emilia chuān chéng líng
  《 luó 'ōu zhū 》 - tái
  
  
  《 luó 'ōu zhū shì wēi lián . suō shì de wán měi jìn guǎn shì yīng zuò pǐndàn zài 20 shì shì 'é guó rén shǒu xiān jiāng gǎi biān chéng liǎo jīn tiān shòu zhǔ mùdì lěizài yǎn chū suō shì de shí hòuyǎn yuán men yòng shǒu shì tài lái miáo huì dǎo yǎn yuán men shēn shòu gǎn dòng men jiāng zhī dǎo yándòng zuò jié láigòng tóng jiǎng shù suō shì de shì
  
   é guó rén 'ài suō shì é guó zuòqǔ jiā xiè 'ěr gài . luó fěi píng zhe duì suō wēng shī piān de jiějiāng 19 shì chái chuàng zuò de piàn duàn zhěng chéng liǎo liú chuán shù dài de zhěng lěi yīnyuèyīn shì liǎo dāng shí de shù shí míng biān dǎo
  
   zài běn shì zhī qián,《 luó 'ōu zhū de lěi shǐ zǒu de gèng yuǎn lěi bǎn běn deluó 'ōu zhū yóu wēi rén 'ào . biān dǎo, 1785 nián shǒu yǎnzhī hòu 19 shì de biān dǎo men chuàng zuò liǎo de bǎn běnbāo kuò 1809 nián shèng bǎo de wàn . 'ěr 1811 nián běn gēn de rén wén sēn luó . 'ào duō shì zhī hòu dǎo biān dǎo men cái zài cǎi yòng zhè de zhù
   zài 'ā niè de lěi zhōng nuò . jīn zhù míng dǎo jiā . jīn de jiě mèibiān dǎo liǎo de lěi bǎn běnyīnyuè shì kāng tǎn . lán shè shī shì qiáo . nuò
   duō zuòqǔ jiā zài suō shì shì de chǔ shàng chuàng zuò yīnyuèbāo kuò chái lāi . tuō . liáo 。 19 shì 50 nián dàilāi 'áng duō . 'ēn tǎn zài suō shì de chǔ shàng jié luó . luó bīn zuòwéi tái yīnyuè chéng shì xià liǎo
  《 luó 'ōu zhū 》《 luó 'ōu zhū
   chǔ
  1934 niánliǎng míng lián zuò jiā méng shēng liǎo zài suō shì chǔ shàng chuàng zuò lěi de xiǎng men shè de 'ài qíng jié shì xìng de lāi méng tài jiā zuì hòu shǒu yán zài yīnyuè fāng miàn men qiú zhù nián qīng de 'é guó yīnyuè jiā xiè 'ěr gài . luó fěi dàn shì luó fěi wàng zhōng shí suō shì yóu jiàn shēng fēn qiě biān dǎo shuǎ luó fěi hěn kuài biàn fàng liǎo luò lěi tuán guān zhè yīnyuè de wěi tuō
  
  1938 nián luó fěi jiāng de yuèpǔ gěi liǎo jié luò de 'ěr nuò chéng shì yuàn biàn deluó 'ōu zhū yīnyuè néng gòu zhū yǎn chūzhí dào 1940 nián lián zài yāo qǐng luó fěi wéiluó 'ōu zhū wán chéng zuò pǐnbiān dǎo yòu lāi 'áng . ruò 。 1940 nián 1 yuè 11 luò lěi tuán shǒu yǎn luò guó jiā lěi yuànjiā . lán nuò kāng tǎn dīng . dān rèn zhù yào juésègāi yǎn chū liǎo de chéng gōng。 1954 nián zhuō lán nuò shén biǎo yǎn de diàn yǐng kāi shǐ xíng。 1946 nián yuàn lěi tuán zài yǎn chūzhū réng rán yóu lán nuò dān gāng
   zhū shì lán nuò chū yǎn shí jiān hěn cháng 'ér qiě xìng nóng de juésèshì zuì jié chū de juésè běn rén shì jīng cuì shēn de zhū dāng shuō dào luó fěi chuàng zuò de yīn shí lán nuò shuō lìng biān dǎo biān chū liǎo zhǎn xiàn dǎo tiān de yīnyuè xiě dào:“ luó fěi de yīnyuè shēng mìng wàng shèng yòu huó shì kàn dào de yīnyuètīng shàng hěn xiàn dàidàn shì zài jīng shén běn zhì shàng pǐn wèi shàng què fēi cháng de suō shì yīnyuè xiàng zhǐ shǒu zhǐ yǐn zhe men de dòng zuòbìng dòng zuò fēng de mùdì yǐn rén shèng de rén xìng míng què liǎo dǎo de yàng shìshǐ men de gōng zuò biàn fēi cháng róng 。”
  
   nuò deluó 'ōu zhū luó fěi de yīn zài 'é luó yuàn lěi tuán de 1956 nián 'ōu zhōu xún yǎn zhōng zài 'ōu zhōu guān zhòng qián liàng xiāngzài liányóu gāi de zhuāng yán xìng guān shǎng xìngguān zhòng men bào kuáng de zhǎng shēngyóu lìng rén dòng róng de shì luó fěi de yīnyuè shì jiāng rén lèi qíng gǎn dài lěi tái de zuòqǔ jiāyīnyuè dǎn deqīng de rén zhēng shǐ měi yòu fēi fán de xìng dǎo píng lùn jiā yuē hàn . 'ēn píng lùn dào:“ zài lián de tǒng zhì xià lěi chāo yuè shè huì zhù de guī zhí guān zhòng nèi xīn de bēi mǐn。” nuò de zuò pǐn bèi shōu dào luò lěi tuán, 1992 nián gāi zài duō lún duō O’ Keefe zhōng xīn jìn xíng liǎo wéi zhōu de yǎn chū
  
   liǎng wèi yīng guó biān dǎoyuē hàn . lán kěn . mài lán zài kàn dào nuò deluó 'ōu zhū zhī hòu shòu men chuàng zào liǎo de bǎn běnlìng yīng guó biān dǎo lāi . ā shí dùn zài yuàn lěi tuán guān kàn zhī hòu 1955 nián wéi dān mài huáng jiā lěi tuán chuàng zuò liǎo deluó 'ōu zhū 》。 1985 niánā shí dùn de bǎn běn bèi yīng guó guó jiā lěi tuán bǎo liú de zuò pǐn jié gòu shì shì nèi
  《 luó 'ōu zhū 》《 luó 'ōu zhū
   zhòng diǎn fàng zài liǎo 'ài qíng shì zhū jiā tíng de guān shàng
   jiā guó jiā lěi tuán yǎn chū de yuē hàn . lán bǎn deluó 'ōu zhū 》, bāo hán liǎo 'ā shí dùn bǎn de shì nèi zhēng jié liǎo 'é luó lěi yōu zhuāng yán dǎo shī de jìng wàng zài 'é luó bǎn de xìng 'ā shí dùn de chún dǎo zhī jiān zuò qiáo liáng
   lán jiě liǎo jiāng jiě dài liǎoluó 'ōu zhū děng lěi zhōng zhōng de shì nèi zhēng tōng guò luó fěi de shì nèi jiāo xiǎng dào liǎo 'àn shìshì nèi jiāo xiǎng de qǔdiào yōu měibǎo liú liǎo dìng de shì nèi xìnggèng zhòng yào de shì lán jiāng dǎo róng zài dòng zuò zhōng xíng yún liú shuǐ bān de yán lán de qíng gǎn jìn tòu liǎoluó 'ōu zhū de shuāng rén yóu qīng yíngtōng guò zhōng de xìng gǎn shòu dào biān dǎo de gǎn qíng
   lán de guān zhòng men shēn shēn de bèi yǐnhuān nào de yōu xuān 'áo de jiē dào shàng zài zài jué dǒu de lièjǐn de jiāo zhì zài duō lún duō xīng bào de yīnyuè dǎo píng lùn jiā wēi lián . 'ěr dùn xiě dào:“ róng jiě de yīnggāi guī gōng de biān dǎo de zhí jué líng gǎnzài zhōng yǎn yuán men jǐn shì yòng shēn zài tiào ér qiě shì zài shù shuō。” háo wènzài guān kàn lán de lěi shí tīng dào liǎo dǎo nèi hán de huà
  《 luó 'ōu zhū 》 - gāng qín
  
  
   luó 'ōu zhū gāng qín tián zuò pǐn xīn shǎng
  
   luó 'ōu zhū
   héng héng gēn gāng qín luó 'ōu zhū tián
   liú zhōu
  
   chóu fēng chuī
   yún zhē 'ài
   shì chóu
   xīn xiāng
   ruò luó 'ōu
   ài chù
   shí làn hǎi
   shēng jūn tóng
   'ài yòu duō
  
  《 luó 'ōu zhū 》《 luó 'ōu zhū
   ài dào shēn chù
   shēng nán fēn
   fēi zhēn
   jūn xùn qíng
   rén huā diāo jìn
   jīn shì kōng
   shēn
   yuàn suí jūn
   wèn shì jiān duō 'ài hèn
  
   píng zuò gēn shì jiè míng luó 'ōu zhū tián 。《 luó 'ōu zhū yuán gēn suō shì míng zhùluó 'ōu zhū ér zuò shì zhōng de luó 'ōu zhū qīng xīn xiāng 'àidàn yīn liǎng jiā zhī jiān shì shì chóuzhū de zhū pèi gěi liǎo lìng rénzhū wèile táo jiāng xíng de hūn xià zhǒng jiǎ duàn shí jiān de yào shuǐtáo wáng zài wài de luó 'ōu tīng dào zhū de xùnhòu qiāoqiāo gǎn huí jiā xiāng zài zhū shēn bàng shā xùn qíng jiǔ zhū xǐng láikàn dào luó 'ōu bēi tòng wàn fēn shā xiāng xùnyuán zhèng shì gēn zhè gǎn rén qíng jiéyòng yīnyuè de yán miáo xiě liǎo luó 'ōu zhū míng xīn de 'ài qíngzhè shǒu zuò zhū de kǒu zhí guān zài xiàn liǎo luó 'ōu zhū de 'ài qíng shìzài duàn zuò zhě shǒu xiān xiě dào:“ chóu fēng chuī yún zhē 'ài shì chóu xīn xiāng ”。 xià zhě dài liǎo luó zhū 'ài qíng bēi de fēn wéixiě jǐngshū qíng shì bìng zhòngyòng fēi cháng jiǎn yuē de yán jiè shào qīng liǎo shì de yīnjiē zhe zuò zhě biàn zhū de kǒu biǎo bái liǎo duì luó 'ōu shēng de zhēn zhì gǎn qíngzuò zhě xiě dào:“ ruò luó 'ōuài chùshí làn hǎi shēng jūn tóng 'ài yòu duō 。” shù biǎo liǎo zhū zhōng zhēn 'èryuàn wéi 'ài qíng zuò chū rèn shēng de jué xīn
   zài 'èr duàn zuò zhě chéng jiē shàng wén xiě dào;“ ài dào shēn chùshēng nán fēn fēi zhēnjūn xùn qíngrén huā diāo jìn。” zhū de kǒu zhū jiǎ luó 'ōu xùn qíng de qíng jié qīng chǔ de jiè shào chū láiér qiě luó 'ōu duì zhū de zhēn qíng xuàn xiè dào liǎo diǎnzhī hòuzuò zhě gèng xiě dào:“ jīn shì kōng shēn yuàn suí jūnwèn shì jiān duō 'ài hèn。” shù jiāng zhū duì luó 'ōu de zhēn qíng xuàn xiè dào liǎo diǎnzǒng lái jiǎng duàn biǎo liǎo zhū luó 'ōu de jiān jué xiāng 'ài 'èr duàn biǎo liǎo zhū luó 'ōu de tóng shēng gòng quán piān yòng chuán shén yuán xiāng zhāng
  《 luó 'ōu zhū 》 -
  
  
  《 chá . fāng huá . nuòluó 'ōu zhū ( )
   zuòqǔchá . fāng huá . nuò
   běnzhū léi . 'ěr xiē 'ěr . léi
   gǎi biān suō shì yuán zhù
  《 luó 'ōu zhū 》《 luó 'ōu zhū
   shǒu yǎn: 1867.04.27, shū qíng yuàn
  
   zhù yào juésè
  
   zhū léi jué zhī gāo yīn  luó 'ōuméng tài jiū jué zhī nán gāo yīn
   xiūluó 'ōu de yǒu rénnán zhōng yīn  léi nán yīn
   léi jué rén de zhí nán gāo yīn  láo lún shén nán yīn
   
   qíng jiǎn jiè
   léi jiā zhōng
   dāng wǎn jué jiā zhōng zhèng wéi zhū de shēng xíng shèng de huà zhuāng huìzhū de biǎo wéi luò chéng nián qīng de guì jué tǎo lùn zhū de měi màozhèng qiǎo léi jué yòu jiāng zhū pèijǐ juédàn zhū què zài zhè me nián qīng de shí hòu jiù jué dìng zhōng shēng shìdāng zhòng rén zhuǎn shēn qián wǎng yàn huì tīng yòng cān hòu wèi méng miàn zhī qiāoqiāo dēng chǎngyuán lái men shì léi jiā de duì tóu -- méng jiū jué de 'ér luó 'ōu de yǒu rén xiū bān 'ōuluó 'ōu yuán běn qián láiyīn wéi yòu gǎn xíng jiāng huì shàng fán shì), dàn xiū sǒng yǒng luó 'ōu mào xiǎn shì shí zhèn sāo dòng shēngluó 'ōu yīháng rén gǎn jǐn duǒ liǎo láijiēguǒ shì zhū nǎi huí dào tīngzhū gào nǎi nìngkě huó zài nián qīng de měi mèng zhōng yào wǎng hòu de shēng mìng jiāo gěi hūn yīn。( yǒng tàn diào yuàn huó zài měi mèng zhōngduǒ zài bàng de luó 'ōu wàng zhe zhū de měi mào chū liǎo shén qíng jìn zǒu shàng qián bìng wéi qián chéng de xìn xiǎng yào qīnshèng rén de shuāng shǒu」; zhū dòu huí shuō shì qián chéng de xìn jiù yīnggāi xiè dòu shèng rén de shǒudàn luó 'ōu què jǐng dàoxìn de zuǐ zhǐ shì yòng lái dǎo gào de qǐng qiú zhū shùn liǎo de yuàn wànghǎo jiào liǎo zhuāng xīn zhōng shìzhū hài xiū shēn chū shuāng shǒuràng luó 'ōu qīng qīng wěndàn liǎng rén zài wèn duì fāng shēn fèn shíquè huǎng rán xiàn jìng shì chóu jiā de shēn fèn
   shí huí dào tīngtīng jiàn luó 'ōu shuō huà de shēng yīn hòu jiē chuān liǎo zhè wèi méng miàn fǎng de shēn fènyuán běn liǎng rén chā diǎn yòu xiàn jiàn zhāng de miànhòu jīng léi jué yuán chǎngzàn shí huà jiě liǎo yīcháng chōng zhū xiàng shì shī hún luò kāi tīngluó 'ōu zài yǒu rén cuī xià cōng cōng
  
   'èr zhū qǐn shì wài de huā yuán
   jìn guǎn xiān qián zài huì zhōng zhī de xīn shàng rén jìng rán shì chóu jiādàn zhū bìng zài shēn shí fēnzhǔn bèi jiù qǐn qián lái dào yáng tái shàng niàn zhe fāng cái dòng fāng xīn de luó 'ōuzhū duì zhe yuè 'ér gāo guà de kōngqīng duì luó 'ōu de yǎng shíluó 'ōu qiāoqiāo qián léi jiā hòu huā yuánlái dào zhū shì de yáng tái xiàzhèng qiǎo tīng jiàn zhū de qīng luó 'ōu shí qíng jìnsuì pān shàng yáng táiduì zhū biǎo bái de 'ài zhī liǎng rén jiāo huàn shì yányào bèi xiāng 'àibìng qiě yuē dìng 'èr tiān qián wǎng láo lún shén de jiào huì xià dìng zhōng shēn
  
   sān
   jǐng láo lún shén de xiū dào yuàn
   qián wǎn zhū de lóu tái huì hòuluó 'ōu wèi mián 'èr tiān qīng zǎojiù zhū xiāng yuē gǎn lái láo lún shén de zhù chùqǐng qiú dài wéi zhèng hūnshén suī zhī zhè shì mào xiǎndàn réng mǎn xīn wàng wéi liǎng wèi nián qīng rén zhèng hūndàn yuàn tòu guò zhè yàng de lián yīnnéng gòu huà jiě léi méng jiū liǎng jiā jiān cháng jiǔ lái de chōng
  
   'èr jǐng léi chéng bǎo wài de jiē dào
   hūn hòu de dāng tiān shàng luó 'ōu de rén chù xún zhǎo zhù rén de xià luòxún dào léi chéng bǎo wài tóu shíyòu léi de jiā chén shēng kǒu jiǎo chōng suí hòu luó 'ōu de yǒu rén xiū bān 'ōu zhū de biǎo fēn fēn jiā zhàn shuāng fāng yán zài kāi luó 'ōu gǎn dào shíyuán běn wàng huà jiě yòu yào de zhēng dǒuwèi liào jìng 'àn zhōng shā xiūluó 'ōu yǎn jiàn hǎo yǒu sàng mìng shí qíng dòngsuí shǒu zhuā xiū de pèi jiànjiāng dāo mìngwéi luò qīn wáng wén fēng suí hòu gǎn dàodāng xià zuò chū jué dìngluó
  《 luó 'ōu zhū 》《 luó 'ōu zhū
   'ōu bèi zhú chū jìngyǒng huí dào wéi luò
  
   zhū de qǐn shì
   luó 'ōu zhū xīn hūn dāng tiān - zhèng shì luó 'ōu bèi pàn zhú chū jìng zhè tiān - de shēn liǎng rén dào zuì hòu de gào biézhū suī rán yuàn hèn luó 'ōu shā liǎo xīn 'ài de biǎo dàn gèng bùshě luó 'ōu de luó 'ōu fǎn guò lái 'ān wèi zhū zhǐ yào shì huó zhe de tiānzhōng jiū huì yòu zài jiàn de suí hòu tiān jiāng xiǎoluó 'ōu gǎn jǐn zhěng zhuāng 。( fǒu zhào bèi pàn jué zhú chū jìng zhěruò zài 'èr tiān réng wèi jiāng chù xíng!) léi jué zǎo dài zhe láo lún shén qián lái jué gào 'ér zhū lín zhōng qián shàng yòu yuàn wàng hái wèi shí xiàn jiù shìjiāng zhū pèijǐ nián qīng de juéér qiě yào kuài bàn hǎo léi jué dìng dāng tiān wán chéng hūn shìtóng shí yào zhū hǎohǎo zhǔn bèi zhǔn bèidài léi jué kāi hòuzhū qǐng qiú láo lún shén jiě wéishén cóng huái chū píng yào」, bìng gào zhū xià zhī hòu dài yào xiào zuòkàn shàng suī rán xiàng shì liǎo yàngdàn zhǐ huì hūn shuì shí chénér shén jiāng yòng zhè duàn shí jiān gǎn jǐn tōng zhī luó 'ōu qián huí wéi luò bìng dài zǒu zhū yuǎn zǒu gāo fēizhū yuán běn bàn xìn bàn dàn wèile luó 'ōu kǒu yǐn xià yàojìng dài huān de shí lái línér zài shāo hòu de jié hūn diǎn zhōngzhèng dāng jué zhǔn bèi jiāng jiè zhǐ dài shàng zhū de shǒu zhǐ shíyào xiào rán zuòzhū guǒ zhēn hūn xǐngzhòng rén wéi xiāng xiāo yǔnyuán běn huān de fēn zhuǎn wéi bēi shāng de zhǐ yòu láo lún shén zài bàng jìng guān biàn
  
   léi jiā xià líng
   yuán běn shén pài rén sòng qīn xìn gěi fàng zhú zài wài de luó 'ōuwèi liào xìn chā zhōng dān wèi shí jiāng xùn sòng ér luó 'ōu què zǎo tīng shuō zhū guò shì shì mǎi liǎo píng yàozhè shì zhēn zhèng de yàolián tōu tōu gǎn huí wéi luò bìng liù jìn léi jiā de xià líng jiàn shàng zhū zuì hòu miànluó 'ōu wéi 'ài jiù cháng miánshāng xīn zhī xià shēn shàng de yào jiù zài shízhū shēn shàng de yào xiào zhú jiàn tuì màn màn qīng xǐng guò láikàn jiàn luó 'ōu dǎo zài shēn bàngluó 'ōu xīn zhōng suī dàn wéi shí wǎn gào zhū jīng xià yào jiǔ shìzhū yuàn rén huó zài shì shàngsuì luó 'ōu shēn de duǎn dāo xiàng xīn zàngzhuī suí luó 'ōu qián wǎng shì jiè
  
  - luò -


  Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy written early in the career of playwright William Shakespeare about two young "star-cross'd lovers" whose deaths ultimately unite their feuding families. It was among Shakespeare's most popular plays during his lifetime and, along with Hamlet and Macbeth, is one of his most frequently performed plays. Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers.
  
  Romeo and Juliet belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. Its plot is based on an Italian tale, translated into verse as The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet by Arthur Brooke in 1562, and retold in prose in Palace of Pleasure by William Painter in 1582. Shakespeare borrowed heavily from both, but developed supporting characters, particularly Mercutio and Paris, in order to expand the plot. Believed to be written between 1591 and 1595, the play was first published in a quarto version in 1597. This text was of poor quality, and later editions corrected it, bringing it more in line with Shakespeare's original.
  
  Shakespeare's use of dramatic structure, especially effects such as switching between comedy and tragedy to heighten tension, his expansion of minor characters, and his use of sub-plots to embellish the story, has been praised as an early sign of his dramatic skill. The play ascribes different poetic forms to different characters, sometimes changing the form as the character develops. Romeo, for example, grows more adept at the sonnet over the course of the play.
  
  Romeo and Juliet has been adapted numerous times for stage, film, musical and opera. During the Restoration, it was revived and heavily revised by William Davenant. David Garrick's 18th-century version also modified several scenes, removing material then considered indecent, and Georg Benda's operatic adaptation omitted much of the action and added a happy ending. Performances in the 19th century, including Charlotte Cushman's, restored the original text, and focused on greater realism. John Gielgud's 1935 version kept very close to Shakespeare's text, and used Elizabethan costumes and staging to enhance the drama. In the 20th century the play has been adapted in versions as diverse as MGM's comparatively faithful 1936 film, the 1950s stage musical West Side Story, and 1996's MTV-inspired Romeo + Juliet.
ān dōng 'ào pèi
wēi lián · suō shì William Shakespeareyuèdòu
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