《苦儿流浪记》是十九世纪著名的法国小说，作者埃克多•马洛(1830-1907)是以发展并提高了当时的情节剧小说而载入法国近代文学史的作家之一。马洛是位多产作家，一生写过不下七十部小说，而《苦儿流浪记》是其中最为家喻户晓的一部。这部小说问世后，曾被译成英、德、俄、日等多种文字，而且一直到一百多年后的今天，它依然在法国被重印出版，并多次被搬上银幕。
《苦儿流浪记》-作品简介
18世纪的时候，欧洲因为蒸汽机的发明，导致了许多人失业。劳工的待遇也很低，生产也没有保障。路美是一个法国的乡下孩子，本来他出生在英国，被坏人偷到巴黎乡下，由贫穷的巴贝兰妈妈抚养长大。可是因为他不擅长做农活，就被巴贝兰妈妈的丈夫耶鲁卖给了白胡子爷爷彼达力的戏班子。这个戏班子除了路美和彼达力，就只有三只狗，一只猴子。狗有：卡比、尔比罗和多尔。猴子是小宝贝。他们上路了。第一次表演是在于塞尔，非常成功。后来，他们又到了土鲁斯，彼达力被警察抓住了。路美和动物伙伴们只好一起逃离。路美恰巧在天鹅船上遇到了阿瑟和梅礼甘夫人，跟他们度过了一段快乐时光。转眼，彼达力出狱了，他们又踏上了旅程。一个风雪交加的日子，他们找到了一座小房子。半夜，尔比罗和多尔被狼叼走了，小宝贝也死了。他们千辛万苦终于来到巴黎，可晚上没有地方睡，彼达力为了保护路美而死了。路美和卡比被亚根一家救了起来。亚根一家有四个孩子：阿列西、般尼、艾金、丽丝。就这样，路美在亚根家度过了两年。一天，亚根带上孩子们去朋友家吃饭。突然下起了冰雹，把花床和温室砸烂了。而亚根的房子都是借钱买来得，他只好坐五年牢，把孩子交给亲戚朋友照顾。路美就和卡比赚钱。路上，他们遇到了马沙。从此，这个戏班子又多了一个人。他们路过了一个村庄，马沙和路美弹奏乐器，卡比就跳舞。第一次演出，他们就得到了28个法郎。他们决定边走边看望亚根的四个孩子，攒足了钱，就买一头母牛给巴贝兰妈妈。他们路上看了阿列西和丽丝，还买了一头健壮的奶牛给了巴贝兰妈妈。巴贝兰妈妈说路美的家人在找他，他们就去找他的家人。没想到找到的人是把路美偷出来得人，他们还把卡比训练成了小偷。最后，他们还是离开了。路美和马沙准备去找梅礼甘夫人和阿瑟。听说梅礼甘夫人把丽丝收留了。经过一条大运河，他们找到了天鹅号，证实了梅礼甘夫人就是路美的亲生母亲！终于，路美过上了幸福的生活。
《苦儿流浪记》-作者简介
耶克特•马洛（一八三0年至一九0七年）是十九世纪法国小说家，年轻时曾进入一家律师事务所工作。在那里，他开始了自己的小说创作。他的第一部小说在当时大获成功，于是他转向了专业写作。在法国文学史上，马洛的名声并不像我们熟悉的巴尔扎克、雨果等作家那样显赫，不过，他可是个多产作家，一生至少写了七十部小说，而且大多在当时十分畅销，其中《苦儿流浪记》更是家喻户晓，是十九世纪一部著名的小说。本书刚问世时，便受到了人们的普遍欢迎，间获得法国教育部的文学奖，还被译为多国文字。
《苦儿流浪记》-作品价值
小说《苦儿流浪记》无疑是一部在审美价值和认识价值上都已经提高了的情节剧小说。而电影《苦儿流浪记》则让观众在对故事本身有所了解的基础上有了更加直观的认识，相信每一位看过影片的观众都会在心底为故事中的小主人公祝福，同时为生活在那个苦难年代的孩子们祈祷！
情节剧小说，顾名思义，是以情节取胜的小说，它追求传奇性，强调戏剧性，因而往往偏离生活的真实。但是《苦儿流浪记》不同，它虽然穿的是情节剧的戏装，表现的却是当时法国天天都要发生的最真实的生活。
《苦儿流浪记》-人物形象
巴伯兰妈妈是善良的，雷米被巴伯兰先生卖给维泰利斯后，巴伯兰妈妈如热锅上的蚂蚁，在院子里跑来跑去的情景，说明她失去儿子的焦灼与绝望。
维泰利斯是一个值得人敬重的角色， “让雷米接受生活严峻的考验，这要比他在你们家过那种虽非您的本意、但实际上却是类似仆童的生活为好。”这是当时维泰利斯要从米利根夫人身边带走雷米的理由，最终雷米又回到了自己的亲生母亲米利根夫人身边，那是后话。维泰利斯教雷米读书、写字、唱歌，他教雷米唱的歌成了这部小说的主题曲，我们仿佛可以听到雷米柔和而略带凄凉的童声。马洛为维泰利斯画出了一个具有不可玷污的道德观和不可战胜的自尊心的绅士形象。
维泰利斯被冻死后，雷米被丽丝一家所救，丽丝家里洋溢着亲情的温暖，本是让人满心欢喜，偏偏好景不长，一场暴风雨，让父亲进了监狱，兄妹们各自投靠了亲戚。读时，自己不自禁地生出遗憾来。
特鲁耶尔煤矿的水灾是一出典型的现实主义戏剧，让人感受到《苦儿流浪记》并不单纯就是一部有着美好结局的童话故事。矿主只用几磅咖啡、几片火腿就把工人轻而易举地骗进两百米深的地下去送命。
《苦儿流浪记》-内容分析
小说写的是一个弃儿的历险生涯。它的开卷第一个情节，便是一个八岁的弃儿被当作牲口一样出租的一场讨价还价的交易。从这第一个情节开始，弃儿雷米的命运就成了书中具有磁石般吸力的悬念；也是从这个情节开始，围绕雷米的命运，展开了作者精心设计的、富于传奇性的、诸如邂逅哑女、买牛报恩、身临贼窝、蒙冤蹲狱、亡命跳车、亲人团圆等情节。《苦儿流浪记》不仅在情节上和人物悬念上具有当时流行的情节剧特色，它还同情节剧一样，有着一支主题歌。马洛成功地把这支主题歌铸进了弃儿雷米的性格和形象之中，使它成了这部小说的不可分割的一部分，也使这部小说具备了音乐感染力。读者的心灵将在小说的哪个段落上颤动，作者也总是恰好在这个段落上举起他的指挥棒，让你听到小主人公唱主题歌时柔和而凄凉的童音。情节剧小说，顾名思义，是以情节取胜的小说，它追求传奇性，强调戏剧性，因而往往偏离生活的真实。但是《苦儿流浪记》不同，它虽然穿的是情节剧的戏装，表现的却是当时法国天天都要发生的最真实的生活。它是一面反映生活的明亮的镜子，但是，又是一面离奇的镜子。它映照出来的，既有本来面目的生活，也有涂上了斑斓的离奇色彩的生活。马洛在《苦儿流浪记》中表露得如此频繁的那种劝善性的道德观，没有吸引力，因为它们显然太抽象而且有偏见；但是他在小说中施展得如此娴熟的、如此得心应手的、以情节剧小说的面目出现的现实主义的艺术方法。小主人公雷米是真实的，因为他是千百个已经在天灾人祸中被吞噬了小生命的弃儿的化身。从弃儿雷米身上，成百上千个已经死去的雷米的尸体。在艺术想象力中复活了的化身，是真实的。维泰利斯是真实的。
小说是一个曾经蜚声意大利声乐舞台的名歌手的悲剧下场。马洛的《维泰利斯倒毙图》，画出了一个具有不可玷污的道德观和不可战胜的自尊心的强者的肖像。这并不是一幅表现好心肠的圣像画，因为从画中人的肌纹和眼神上，体现了了一八七一年的可敬的巴黎工人的硬骨头精神，这是一幅现实主义的肖像画。如果维泰利斯是小说中的一座雕像，那么《特鲁耶尔煤矿水灾》就是小说中的重要的戏中之戏；是描写矿主只用几磅咖啡、几片火腿就把有些工人轻而易举地骗进两百米深的地下去送命的一出现实主义戏剧。马洛用去了那么多篇幅、而且连细节也不肯放过地描画了那场灾难，当然不只是为了要表现几个幸存者的苍白的面孔，恐怕更主要是为了要让没有罹难的矿工们看到友爱互助是何等重要，也要矿主和神父们多听听绝望的寡妇们的呼号声。
《苦儿流浪记》《苦儿流浪记》插图
至于《心里美先生病死客店》的故事，只好用同“化身”相近的字眼来说明故事的真实性。心里美并不是一只具有奇异功能的驯猴，而是当时法国毫无生活保障、死于贫病的流浪小艺人的幽灵。在这个悲剧里，当时法国行业作坊里常见的、有着天才但过早地死去的贫穷的年轻学徒的冤魂。心里美这个形象，也许是马洛含着眼泪写成的。《王子的奶牛》是马洛巧妙地揉进在这部小说中、使小说本身和小说主人公都大放光彩的一个类似童话的故事。因为美好的童话总是既离奇而又真实的。马洛描写的，或者说，马洛画在画布上的，是一颗洁白、知恩、无私但又带点稚气的童心；它多么欢乐，多么凄凉，因而也多么真实！马洛说过，他的这部小说，是为他的小女儿露西写的；法国近代文学史上也说，《苦儿流浪记》迄今仍是法国青少年最爱读的小说之一。《王子的奶牛》必然会激起青少年最美好的感情。然而真正使这部小说显示较多现实主义色彩的，是作家宏观地描写了他目睹的十九世纪七十年代末期，出现在法国地平线上的，北自加莱海峡、南至地中海滨海地区的一个如此辽阔的充满了苦难和不幸的世界。《苦儿流浪记》写成于一八七八年，这是法国资产阶级建立第三共和的第三年，也是羽翼已丰的资产阶级准备实现工业化的前夕。马洛手中的镜子，对准的正是这个苦难世界中最具特征意义的图景，即：农村破产、工人们恶劣的劳动条件、童工数量的剧增和在法律允许下的对童工的剥削；在书中清楚地看到了资本主义工业化的灾难性开端；看到了马洛在这部小说中所表现出来的艺术才能：他搭起了一个贯穿法国南北的、满目凄凉的大舞台，让维泰利斯和他的戏班子，阿根老爹和他的一家子，加斯巴尔大叔和他的推车工，在画着具有真实的时代特征图象的宽阔布景前，上演一个个有时使你哭泣、有时使你破涕为笑的“传奇性”节目。《苦儿流浪记》无疑是一部在审美价值和认识价值上都已经提高了的情节剧小说。
《苦儿流浪记》-作品评价
《苦儿流浪记》作为十九世纪文学遗产中提高了的情节剧小说，具有重要的代表性。故事围绕小主人公雷米的命运，展开了作者精心设计的、富于传奇性的情节。《苦儿流浪记》不同于其他情节剧小说强调戏剧性从而脱离现实生活，它所表现的是当时法国每天都要发生的最真实的生活。
故事中的小主人公雷米是千百万个已经在天灾人祸中被吞噬了小生命的弃儿的化身，因此在艺术想像中复活了的化身是真实的。而法国小演员朱勒•西特鲁克在片中将雷米的天真善良毫无雕琢地表现了出来，他那一双纯洁透明的大眼睛让观众从一看到这个命运坎坷的孩子就会发自内心的对他产生怜爱；曾经是蜚声意大利歌剧界的名歌唱家最终却以悲剧收场的维达里，被作者刻画成一个具有不可玷污的道德观及不可战胜的自尊心的强者形象，读者似乎可以从他身上看到那个时代巴黎工人身上令人敬佩的硬骨头精神，因此维达里也是真实的。这个维达里由曾经主演过《金发男孩》、《夏日遗失的27个吻》的法国著名男演员皮埃尔•里夏尔运用娴熟的演技将这个铮铮铁骨的汉子体贴温柔的一面表现得淋漓尽致；甚至对于故事中小猴子美心的死，都可以被看做是当时法国毫无生活保障、死于贫困的流浪小艺人的真实写照。在这个悲剧中，读者似乎还可以看到当时法国行业作坊里常见的、有着天才却过早死去的贫穷的年轻学徒的冤魂。正是这种真实，才能让读者流下同情的眼泪。
然而真正使这部小说显示较多现实主义色彩的，是作者宏观地描写了他目睹的十九世纪七十年代末期，出现在法国地平线上的北自加莱海峡，南至地中海滨海地区的一个如此辽阔的却充满了苦难和不幸的世界。
《苦儿流浪记》写成于1878年，这是法国资产阶级建立第三共和的第三年，也是羽翼丰满的资产阶级准备实现工业化的前夕。马洛的小说正是这个苦难世界中最具特征意义的写照：农村破产、工人们恶劣的劳动条件、童工数量的剧增和在法律允许下的对童工的剥削。这使读者在书中清楚的看到了资本主义工业化灾难性的开端；同时也看到了马洛在这部小说中表现出来的艺术才能。
《苦儿流浪记》-《苦儿流浪记》电影
导演：让-丹尼尔·
主演：斯特法诺·迪 PhilippeNahRoseThiéryJulesSitrukPierreFores维罗尼卡·费...
片长：产地：捷克法国德国
类型：剧情颜色：彩色
分级：对白：法语
上映日期：2000年12月18日
First Volume
Jerome Barberin lives with his wife in a little French town, Chavanon. He usually isn't home, since he works in Paris as a mason. One day he finds a baby boy. The boy wears very fine clothes, so apparently his parents are rich. Barberin offers to take care of the child, hoping to get a good reward. He gives the boy to his wife, and calls him Remi. Afterwards, Barberin gets injured in an accident. He blames his employer and hopes to receive financial compensation in a trial. The trial costs a lot of money, and Barberin tells his wife to sell her cow (her main source of wealth) and to get rid of Remi. She does the former.
When Remi is eight years old, and this is where the story starts, Barberin comes home unexpectedly. He sees that Remi is still there and decides to lose no time getting rid of him. The next day Barberin meets a travelling artist in the local pub. His name is Signor Vitalis, and he travels through France with three dogs - Capi, Zerbino and Dolce - and a monkey, Joli-Cœur. Vitalis offers to take care of Remi and Remi leaves his childhood home, without even a chance to say goodbye to his foster mother (who would have done anything to prevent the transaction) and starts a journey of the roads of France. It turns out that Vitalis is a kind man, certainly better company than Barberin. Vitalis teaches him to play the harp and to read. Often Remi is hungry and has no roof over his head; but in the animals, especially in Capi, he gains dear friends, and in Vitalis he finds the father he lacks. Together they travel through France, and they earn a living by giving musical and stage performances.
When they are in Toulouse, a sad incident, which reflects the unjust social structure of 19th Century France, puts Vitalis into jail. It is not easy for a ten-year-old to feed himself and four animals under his care, and they nearly starve, when they meet the "Swan" - a little river ship owned by Mrs. Milligan and her ill son Arthur. They take Remi in to entertain the sick boy, but soon start seeing a person in Remi, and he becomes part of the family. He learns that Arthur used to have an elder brother, who disappeared before Arthur was born, and Mrs. Milligan's brother-in-law, James, has attempted in vain to find him back. This was advantageous for James Milligan, since, by the English law, he was to inherit all of his brother's fortune if he died childless. This did not work, because soon Arthur was born. After two months Vitalis is released from jail, Remi and the Milligans like to stay together, but Vitalis wants Remi back, and so they say goodbye. However, Mrs. Milligan judges that Vitalis is a very kind and honest man.
Vitalis tells Remi that he has done a good choice: one must eat his own bread. But on the way to Paris in a snowstorm Zerbino and Dolce are eaten by wolves in the woods, and Joli-Cœur catches pneumonia. In an attempt to raise money for the doctor, Remi and Vitalis give a performance and Vitalis sings. Remi has never before heard Vitalis sing so beautifully. And not only Remi is bewildered: a young, and apparently rich lady tells Vitalis that she is amazed to hear his wonderful voice. Vitalis reacts angrily. He explains his skill to the lady by telling that he used to be a singer's servant. The lady explains he has a resemblance to the singer Vitalo Pedrotti from the Scala di Milano who is disparated. He even shows no gladness when the lady gives a gold coin to Capi. They return to Joli-Cœur with the money, but it's too late, Joli-Cœur is dead.
They now continue their journey to Paris. Vitalis decides to leave Remi with a "padrone" for the winter, while he trains other animals. Another institution of 19th Century France, a "padrone" was a man who kept a group of boys, sold by their poverty-stricken parents, who worked for him. Vitalis brings Remi to a "padrone" he knows - Garofoli. Garofoli isn't home, and Vitalis tells Remi to wait there, and that he will be back soon. Remi passes there two horrible hours - waiting for Garofoli and talking to an ill-looking boy, Mattia, who keeps houseworking because Garofoli believes him too stupid and incapable of working outside, but keeping the soup pot locked so that Mattia could not eat from it. When the other boys and Garofoli return, Remi witnesses how terribly Garofoli abuses those who do not bring home the amount of money required: he beats and starves them. When Vitalis comes back and sees how the boys are being flogged, he tells Garofoli that he could go to the police, but Garofoli threatens back to tell "some people just one name which will make Vitalis red from shame". Vitalis takes the wondering and grateful Remi not to return to Garofoli ever.
But this act of love costs Vitalis his life. That night, unable to find a place to stay, Vitalis and Remi collapse in the snowstorm under a fence.
Remi wakes up in a bed, with people standing around him: a man, two boys and two girls. The little girl, of about 5-6 years old, watches Remi with talking eyes. Then Remi learns the terrible truth: Vitalis is dead. In an attempt to discover his identity, the policemen take Remi to Garofoli, who reveals the truth: Vitalis used to be the famous Italian singer Carlo Balzani. When he got older, his voice got worse, and he was so ashamed for this that he decided to disappear. He changed his identity to Vitalis.
The family take Remi and Capi in. Remi gets a real father, the gardener Pierre Acquin, two brothers, Alexis and Benjamin, and two sisters, Étienette and little mute Lise. Remi especially adores Lise. He teaches her to read and plays the harp for her. Lise loves a Napolitan song in particular. Remi becomes a gardener, and years of hard work and merry Sundays follow. But after two years a terrible hailstrom ruins the glass in the greenhouse, and Acquin is in debts which he cannot pay and has therefore to enter a debt jail. The children are to go to uncles and aunts, in several French towns. Although the children insist that Remi also belongs to the family, none of the uncles and aunts is willing to take care of Remi. Broken-hearted again, vowing to his brothers and sisters to visit them on his way and bring father news from them, Remi takes his harp and Capi and leaves to the big roads.
Second volume
He hasn't gone long until he meets a companion. Mattia, the boy from Garofoli, is starving on the streets of Paris. Garofoli is in prison for beating a boy to death. Mattia pleads Remi to take him into his troupe. Remi is scared: with him, Mattia might die of hunger as much as alone. But Mattia convinces him that two will never die of hunger because one helps the other. Thus, "Remi's troupe" consists now of two twelve-year-olds and a dog. Mattia is a gifted violinist, he plays other instruments too, and he worked some time in a circus, where they had two English clowns, so he knows some English.
First the boys turn to visit Alexis, who now lives with his Uncle Gaspard (Father Acquin's brother) in the mining town Varses, where he works in the mine with his uncle. When Alexis is wounded and unable to work for a while, Remi volunteers to replace him. One of the miners is nicknamed magister, he is an old and wise man. He becomes a good friend and he explains the history of coal. One day the mine is flooded, probably by the river which flows overhead. Seven miners, including Uncle Gaspard, the magister and Remi, find shelter, but are trapped. They are waiting to be rescued, but don't even know if the rescue works are taking place. One of the men confesses a crime, blames himself for the disaster and commits suicide. The others spend a fortnight underground, hungry, beaten, but optimistic - and at last are saved. Capi is mad of happiness; Mattia is in tears. He says he never believed that Remi could be dead, and Remi is proud of his friend's strong belief in him. This incident shows the terrible state of child labour in 19th Century France but it also serves to bring closer Remi and Mattia: since that incident they are friends for life and death.
Remi wants Mattia to learn music and they visit a musician. Mr. Espinassous is shocked by Mattia's great talent and tries to convince him to stay and learn, but Mattia never wants to leave Remi. The boys now head for Chavanon where they hope to meet Remi's foster mother Barberin. During the trip they saved their money, hoping to buy a cow for mother Barberin. When they pass through Ussel, not far from Chavanon, they buy a cow, to replace beloved Rosette, who was sold when Barberin had his accident. To make sure that they will not buy a bad cow, they ask a vet for help. The vet is very friendly and the boys buy a wonderful cow.
In the next town the boys are accused of stealing the cow. Why would two street musicians have a cow, after all? They explain their story to the mayor. The mayor knows Mother Barberin, he heard about the accident in the mine, and he is willing to believe that the boys are honest. To make sure, the vet is called to testify, and the boys can continue their journey.
Remi and Mother Barberin finally meet. Mother Barberin tells Remi that Barberin is in Paris in search of Remi, because his real parents appear to be in search of him. However, Mother Barberin knows very little, because Barberin never told her any details. Remi is eager to know his real parents. Remi and Mattia decide to return to Paris and see Barberin.
On the way to Paris, they pass through Dreuzy, where they pay a visit to Lise Acquin. Remi and Lise are very fond of each other. When the boys arrive in Paris, they learn that Barberin has died. Remi writes a letter to Mother Barberin. Mother Barberin replies and she encloses a letter that was sent by Barberin before he died. It mentions the address of a lawyer's office in London, which is in charge of the search for Remi. So the boys go to London, where they are led straight to Remi's parents. Their name is Driscoll. Remi is terribly disappointed: the Driscolls are cold to him, his father keeps the boys locked. They turn out to be thieves and use Capi to help them in their work.
The Driscolls have a visitor. It is a man who seems to be interested in Remi, but Remi does not understand English well enough. The visitor does not meet Mattia, but Mattia overhears their conversation. The visitor is James Milligan and he appears to be Arthur's uncle. He hopes that Arthur will die, so that he will inherit the fortune of his late brother. The boys agree that Mrs. Milligan must be warned, but they have no idea where to find her. Mattia meets someone he knows. It is Bob, a clown from the circus where Mattia used to work. Bob turns out to be a very fine friend.
When Remi is accused of a robbery committed by his parents, Bob and Mattia help him escape from prison. With the help of Bob's brother, a sailor, they return to France. They go and search for Mrs. Milligan, to warn her for her brother-in-law. This is easier than it seems, since her boat, the "Swan", is a remarkable boat, and they soon hear that people have seen her. They only have to follow the rivers and canals. On their way they pass through Dreuzy where they hope to meet Lise again. However, they hear that Lise's uncle has died, and that a kind English lady, who journeyed on a boat, has offered to take care of Lise. That must have been Mrs. Milligan. Of course that is another incentive to go and find the "Swan". Remi and Mattia trace the "Swan" across France to Switzerland. They find the boat, but she is deserted. They inquire, and they find that the boat was unable to journey further up the river, and that the family continued their journey by coach, probably to Vevey. When they get to the town where "the English woman with the ill boy and the mute girl" are supposed to be, they start singing under every fence. It takes several days before they find the family. One day, when Remi sings his Napolitan song, he overhears a scream and a weak voice that continues the song. They run to the voice and find Lise, whose voice has returned to her when she heard her long-lost Remi. The boys now find that James Milligan is there too, and Remi is afraid to meet him, so he hides. Mattia is not afraid - James does not know Mattia. Mattia immediately tells Mrs. Milligan their story. Mrs. Milligan presumes that Remi must be her lost eldest son, but she tells Mattia that this should not be told to Remi until she is sure about it. She arranges that the boys can stay in a hotel, where they can have plenty of food, comfortable beds, and where they are visited by a barber and a tailor. After a few days Mrs. Milligan invites the boys, where they meet Mother Barberin. Mrs. Milligan has apparently sent for her. Mother Barberin shows Remi's baby clothes. Mrs. Milligan recognises these as the clothes her boy wore when he was stolen. Mrs. Milligan happily declares that Remi is her son, to join his "mother, brother and those - she pointed at Lise and Mattia - who loved you in your misery". It is clear that Mr. Driscoll has stolen the boy as a job for James Milligan.
This story has a happy ending: Remi finds his family, and discovers he is the heir of a fortune. Mattia's dearest little sister Cristina is sent for from Italy and they all grow up together. Arthur gets well and becomes an athlete. Mattia becomes a famous violinist. Remi marries Lise and they have a son named Mattia, whose babysitter is Mother Barberin.
The book ends with the score of the Napolitan song.
Film and television
Several movies were made after the novel, one of them Sans famille, starring: Pierre Richard (Vitalis), Veronica Ferres (Remi's mother), Bernard Fresson (Garofoli) and special guest starring: Claude Jade ("The Lady").
* Sans famille (F 1934) IMDb
* Senza famiglia (I 1946) IMDb
* Le Théâtre de la jeunesse: Sans famille (made for TV, F 1965) IMDb
* Ie Naki Ko (Japan 1977-78) - 51-episode anime TV series by Tokyo Movie Shinsha
* Sans famille (France 1981) - 6-part TV series by TF1 starring Petula Clark IMDB
* Bez semyi (Без семьи, SU 1984) IMDb
* Remi, Nobody's Girl (家なき子レミ, Ie Naki Ko Remi?) (Japan) - 26-episode anime TV series, the final installment in Nippon Animation's World Masterpiece Theatre series. This version made major changes to the storyline, transforming Remi (voiced by legendary pop star/voice actress Mitsuko Horie) into a girl and making her a child singer. The series was later translated into English by the anime television network, Animax, who aired the complete series (all 26 episodes) across its respective networks worldwide, including Southeast Asia and South Asia..
* Sans famille/Das Findelkind (F/D/CZ, 2000) IMDb
《苦儿流浪记》-作品简介
18世纪的时候，欧洲因为蒸汽机的发明，导致了许多人失业。劳工的待遇也很低，生产也没有保障。路美是一个法国的乡下孩子，本来他出生在英国，被坏人偷到巴黎乡下，由贫穷的巴贝兰妈妈抚养长大。可是因为他不擅长做农活，就被巴贝兰妈妈的丈夫耶鲁卖给了白胡子爷爷彼达力的戏班子。这个戏班子除了路美和彼达力，就只有三只狗，一只猴子。狗有：卡比、尔比罗和多尔。猴子是小宝贝。他们上路了。第一次表演是在于塞尔，非常成功。后来，他们又到了土鲁斯，彼达力被警察抓住了。路美和动物伙伴们只好一起逃离。路美恰巧在天鹅船上遇到了阿瑟和梅礼甘夫人，跟他们度过了一段快乐时光。转眼，彼达力出狱了，他们又踏上了旅程。一个风雪交加的日子，他们找到了一座小房子。半夜，尔比罗和多尔被狼叼走了，小宝贝也死了。他们千辛万苦终于来到巴黎，可晚上没有地方睡，彼达力为了保护路美而死了。路美和卡比被亚根一家救了起来。亚根一家有四个孩子：阿列西、般尼、艾金、丽丝。就这样，路美在亚根家度过了两年。一天，亚根带上孩子们去朋友家吃饭。突然下起了冰雹，把花床和温室砸烂了。而亚根的房子都是借钱买来得，他只好坐五年牢，把孩子交给亲戚朋友照顾。路美就和卡比赚钱。路上，他们遇到了马沙。从此，这个戏班子又多了一个人。他们路过了一个村庄，马沙和路美弹奏乐器，卡比就跳舞。第一次演出，他们就得到了28个法郎。他们决定边走边看望亚根的四个孩子，攒足了钱，就买一头母牛给巴贝兰妈妈。他们路上看了阿列西和丽丝，还买了一头健壮的奶牛给了巴贝兰妈妈。巴贝兰妈妈说路美的家人在找他，他们就去找他的家人。没想到找到的人是把路美偷出来得人，他们还把卡比训练成了小偷。最后，他们还是离开了。路美和马沙准备去找梅礼甘夫人和阿瑟。听说梅礼甘夫人把丽丝收留了。经过一条大运河，他们找到了天鹅号，证实了梅礼甘夫人就是路美的亲生母亲！终于，路美过上了幸福的生活。
《苦儿流浪记》-作者简介
耶克特•马洛（一八三0年至一九0七年）是十九世纪法国小说家，年轻时曾进入一家律师事务所工作。在那里，他开始了自己的小说创作。他的第一部小说在当时大获成功，于是他转向了专业写作。在法国文学史上，马洛的名声并不像我们熟悉的巴尔扎克、雨果等作家那样显赫，不过，他可是个多产作家，一生至少写了七十部小说，而且大多在当时十分畅销，其中《苦儿流浪记》更是家喻户晓，是十九世纪一部著名的小说。本书刚问世时，便受到了人们的普遍欢迎，间获得法国教育部的文学奖，还被译为多国文字。
《苦儿流浪记》-作品价值
小说《苦儿流浪记》无疑是一部在审美价值和认识价值上都已经提高了的情节剧小说。而电影《苦儿流浪记》则让观众在对故事本身有所了解的基础上有了更加直观的认识，相信每一位看过影片的观众都会在心底为故事中的小主人公祝福，同时为生活在那个苦难年代的孩子们祈祷！
情节剧小说，顾名思义，是以情节取胜的小说，它追求传奇性，强调戏剧性，因而往往偏离生活的真实。但是《苦儿流浪记》不同，它虽然穿的是情节剧的戏装，表现的却是当时法国天天都要发生的最真实的生活。
《苦儿流浪记》-人物形象
巴伯兰妈妈是善良的，雷米被巴伯兰先生卖给维泰利斯后，巴伯兰妈妈如热锅上的蚂蚁，在院子里跑来跑去的情景，说明她失去儿子的焦灼与绝望。
维泰利斯是一个值得人敬重的角色， “让雷米接受生活严峻的考验，这要比他在你们家过那种虽非您的本意、但实际上却是类似仆童的生活为好。”这是当时维泰利斯要从米利根夫人身边带走雷米的理由，最终雷米又回到了自己的亲生母亲米利根夫人身边，那是后话。维泰利斯教雷米读书、写字、唱歌，他教雷米唱的歌成了这部小说的主题曲，我们仿佛可以听到雷米柔和而略带凄凉的童声。马洛为维泰利斯画出了一个具有不可玷污的道德观和不可战胜的自尊心的绅士形象。
维泰利斯被冻死后，雷米被丽丝一家所救，丽丝家里洋溢着亲情的温暖，本是让人满心欢喜，偏偏好景不长，一场暴风雨，让父亲进了监狱，兄妹们各自投靠了亲戚。读时，自己不自禁地生出遗憾来。
特鲁耶尔煤矿的水灾是一出典型的现实主义戏剧，让人感受到《苦儿流浪记》并不单纯就是一部有着美好结局的童话故事。矿主只用几磅咖啡、几片火腿就把工人轻而易举地骗进两百米深的地下去送命。
《苦儿流浪记》-内容分析
小说写的是一个弃儿的历险生涯。它的开卷第一个情节，便是一个八岁的弃儿被当作牲口一样出租的一场讨价还价的交易。从这第一个情节开始，弃儿雷米的命运就成了书中具有磁石般吸力的悬念；也是从这个情节开始，围绕雷米的命运，展开了作者精心设计的、富于传奇性的、诸如邂逅哑女、买牛报恩、身临贼窝、蒙冤蹲狱、亡命跳车、亲人团圆等情节。《苦儿流浪记》不仅在情节上和人物悬念上具有当时流行的情节剧特色，它还同情节剧一样，有着一支主题歌。马洛成功地把这支主题歌铸进了弃儿雷米的性格和形象之中，使它成了这部小说的不可分割的一部分，也使这部小说具备了音乐感染力。读者的心灵将在小说的哪个段落上颤动，作者也总是恰好在这个段落上举起他的指挥棒，让你听到小主人公唱主题歌时柔和而凄凉的童音。情节剧小说，顾名思义，是以情节取胜的小说，它追求传奇性，强调戏剧性，因而往往偏离生活的真实。但是《苦儿流浪记》不同，它虽然穿的是情节剧的戏装，表现的却是当时法国天天都要发生的最真实的生活。它是一面反映生活的明亮的镜子，但是，又是一面离奇的镜子。它映照出来的，既有本来面目的生活，也有涂上了斑斓的离奇色彩的生活。马洛在《苦儿流浪记》中表露得如此频繁的那种劝善性的道德观，没有吸引力，因为它们显然太抽象而且有偏见；但是他在小说中施展得如此娴熟的、如此得心应手的、以情节剧小说的面目出现的现实主义的艺术方法。小主人公雷米是真实的，因为他是千百个已经在天灾人祸中被吞噬了小生命的弃儿的化身。从弃儿雷米身上，成百上千个已经死去的雷米的尸体。在艺术想象力中复活了的化身，是真实的。维泰利斯是真实的。
小说是一个曾经蜚声意大利声乐舞台的名歌手的悲剧下场。马洛的《维泰利斯倒毙图》，画出了一个具有不可玷污的道德观和不可战胜的自尊心的强者的肖像。这并不是一幅表现好心肠的圣像画，因为从画中人的肌纹和眼神上，体现了了一八七一年的可敬的巴黎工人的硬骨头精神，这是一幅现实主义的肖像画。如果维泰利斯是小说中的一座雕像，那么《特鲁耶尔煤矿水灾》就是小说中的重要的戏中之戏；是描写矿主只用几磅咖啡、几片火腿就把有些工人轻而易举地骗进两百米深的地下去送命的一出现实主义戏剧。马洛用去了那么多篇幅、而且连细节也不肯放过地描画了那场灾难，当然不只是为了要表现几个幸存者的苍白的面孔，恐怕更主要是为了要让没有罹难的矿工们看到友爱互助是何等重要，也要矿主和神父们多听听绝望的寡妇们的呼号声。
《苦儿流浪记》《苦儿流浪记》插图
至于《心里美先生病死客店》的故事，只好用同“化身”相近的字眼来说明故事的真实性。心里美并不是一只具有奇异功能的驯猴，而是当时法国毫无生活保障、死于贫病的流浪小艺人的幽灵。在这个悲剧里，当时法国行业作坊里常见的、有着天才但过早地死去的贫穷的年轻学徒的冤魂。心里美这个形象，也许是马洛含着眼泪写成的。《王子的奶牛》是马洛巧妙地揉进在这部小说中、使小说本身和小说主人公都大放光彩的一个类似童话的故事。因为美好的童话总是既离奇而又真实的。马洛描写的，或者说，马洛画在画布上的，是一颗洁白、知恩、无私但又带点稚气的童心；它多么欢乐，多么凄凉，因而也多么真实！马洛说过，他的这部小说，是为他的小女儿露西写的；法国近代文学史上也说，《苦儿流浪记》迄今仍是法国青少年最爱读的小说之一。《王子的奶牛》必然会激起青少年最美好的感情。然而真正使这部小说显示较多现实主义色彩的，是作家宏观地描写了他目睹的十九世纪七十年代末期，出现在法国地平线上的，北自加莱海峡、南至地中海滨海地区的一个如此辽阔的充满了苦难和不幸的世界。《苦儿流浪记》写成于一八七八年，这是法国资产阶级建立第三共和的第三年，也是羽翼已丰的资产阶级准备实现工业化的前夕。马洛手中的镜子，对准的正是这个苦难世界中最具特征意义的图景，即：农村破产、工人们恶劣的劳动条件、童工数量的剧增和在法律允许下的对童工的剥削；在书中清楚地看到了资本主义工业化的灾难性开端；看到了马洛在这部小说中所表现出来的艺术才能：他搭起了一个贯穿法国南北的、满目凄凉的大舞台，让维泰利斯和他的戏班子，阿根老爹和他的一家子，加斯巴尔大叔和他的推车工，在画着具有真实的时代特征图象的宽阔布景前，上演一个个有时使你哭泣、有时使你破涕为笑的“传奇性”节目。《苦儿流浪记》无疑是一部在审美价值和认识价值上都已经提高了的情节剧小说。
《苦儿流浪记》-作品评价
《苦儿流浪记》作为十九世纪文学遗产中提高了的情节剧小说，具有重要的代表性。故事围绕小主人公雷米的命运，展开了作者精心设计的、富于传奇性的情节。《苦儿流浪记》不同于其他情节剧小说强调戏剧性从而脱离现实生活，它所表现的是当时法国每天都要发生的最真实的生活。
故事中的小主人公雷米是千百万个已经在天灾人祸中被吞噬了小生命的弃儿的化身，因此在艺术想像中复活了的化身是真实的。而法国小演员朱勒•西特鲁克在片中将雷米的天真善良毫无雕琢地表现了出来，他那一双纯洁透明的大眼睛让观众从一看到这个命运坎坷的孩子就会发自内心的对他产生怜爱；曾经是蜚声意大利歌剧界的名歌唱家最终却以悲剧收场的维达里，被作者刻画成一个具有不可玷污的道德观及不可战胜的自尊心的强者形象，读者似乎可以从他身上看到那个时代巴黎工人身上令人敬佩的硬骨头精神，因此维达里也是真实的。这个维达里由曾经主演过《金发男孩》、《夏日遗失的27个吻》的法国著名男演员皮埃尔•里夏尔运用娴熟的演技将这个铮铮铁骨的汉子体贴温柔的一面表现得淋漓尽致；甚至对于故事中小猴子美心的死，都可以被看做是当时法国毫无生活保障、死于贫困的流浪小艺人的真实写照。在这个悲剧中，读者似乎还可以看到当时法国行业作坊里常见的、有着天才却过早死去的贫穷的年轻学徒的冤魂。正是这种真实，才能让读者流下同情的眼泪。
然而真正使这部小说显示较多现实主义色彩的，是作者宏观地描写了他目睹的十九世纪七十年代末期，出现在法国地平线上的北自加莱海峡，南至地中海滨海地区的一个如此辽阔的却充满了苦难和不幸的世界。
《苦儿流浪记》写成于1878年，这是法国资产阶级建立第三共和的第三年，也是羽翼丰满的资产阶级准备实现工业化的前夕。马洛的小说正是这个苦难世界中最具特征意义的写照：农村破产、工人们恶劣的劳动条件、童工数量的剧增和在法律允许下的对童工的剥削。这使读者在书中清楚的看到了资本主义工业化灾难性的开端；同时也看到了马洛在这部小说中表现出来的艺术才能。
《苦儿流浪记》-《苦儿流浪记》电影
导演：让-丹尼尔·
主演：斯特法诺·迪 PhilippeNahRoseThiéryJulesSitrukPierreFores维罗尼卡·费...
片长：产地：捷克法国德国
类型：剧情颜色：彩色
分级：对白：法语
上映日期：2000年12月18日
First Volume
Jerome Barberin lives with his wife in a little French town, Chavanon. He usually isn't home, since he works in Paris as a mason. One day he finds a baby boy. The boy wears very fine clothes, so apparently his parents are rich. Barberin offers to take care of the child, hoping to get a good reward. He gives the boy to his wife, and calls him Remi. Afterwards, Barberin gets injured in an accident. He blames his employer and hopes to receive financial compensation in a trial. The trial costs a lot of money, and Barberin tells his wife to sell her cow (her main source of wealth) and to get rid of Remi. She does the former.
When Remi is eight years old, and this is where the story starts, Barberin comes home unexpectedly. He sees that Remi is still there and decides to lose no time getting rid of him. The next day Barberin meets a travelling artist in the local pub. His name is Signor Vitalis, and he travels through France with three dogs - Capi, Zerbino and Dolce - and a monkey, Joli-Cœur. Vitalis offers to take care of Remi and Remi leaves his childhood home, without even a chance to say goodbye to his foster mother (who would have done anything to prevent the transaction) and starts a journey of the roads of France. It turns out that Vitalis is a kind man, certainly better company than Barberin. Vitalis teaches him to play the harp and to read. Often Remi is hungry and has no roof over his head; but in the animals, especially in Capi, he gains dear friends, and in Vitalis he finds the father he lacks. Together they travel through France, and they earn a living by giving musical and stage performances.
When they are in Toulouse, a sad incident, which reflects the unjust social structure of 19th Century France, puts Vitalis into jail. It is not easy for a ten-year-old to feed himself and four animals under his care, and they nearly starve, when they meet the "Swan" - a little river ship owned by Mrs. Milligan and her ill son Arthur. They take Remi in to entertain the sick boy, but soon start seeing a person in Remi, and he becomes part of the family. He learns that Arthur used to have an elder brother, who disappeared before Arthur was born, and Mrs. Milligan's brother-in-law, James, has attempted in vain to find him back. This was advantageous for James Milligan, since, by the English law, he was to inherit all of his brother's fortune if he died childless. This did not work, because soon Arthur was born. After two months Vitalis is released from jail, Remi and the Milligans like to stay together, but Vitalis wants Remi back, and so they say goodbye. However, Mrs. Milligan judges that Vitalis is a very kind and honest man.
Vitalis tells Remi that he has done a good choice: one must eat his own bread. But on the way to Paris in a snowstorm Zerbino and Dolce are eaten by wolves in the woods, and Joli-Cœur catches pneumonia. In an attempt to raise money for the doctor, Remi and Vitalis give a performance and Vitalis sings. Remi has never before heard Vitalis sing so beautifully. And not only Remi is bewildered: a young, and apparently rich lady tells Vitalis that she is amazed to hear his wonderful voice. Vitalis reacts angrily. He explains his skill to the lady by telling that he used to be a singer's servant. The lady explains he has a resemblance to the singer Vitalo Pedrotti from the Scala di Milano who is disparated. He even shows no gladness when the lady gives a gold coin to Capi. They return to Joli-Cœur with the money, but it's too late, Joli-Cœur is dead.
They now continue their journey to Paris. Vitalis decides to leave Remi with a "padrone" for the winter, while he trains other animals. Another institution of 19th Century France, a "padrone" was a man who kept a group of boys, sold by their poverty-stricken parents, who worked for him. Vitalis brings Remi to a "padrone" he knows - Garofoli. Garofoli isn't home, and Vitalis tells Remi to wait there, and that he will be back soon. Remi passes there two horrible hours - waiting for Garofoli and talking to an ill-looking boy, Mattia, who keeps houseworking because Garofoli believes him too stupid and incapable of working outside, but keeping the soup pot locked so that Mattia could not eat from it. When the other boys and Garofoli return, Remi witnesses how terribly Garofoli abuses those who do not bring home the amount of money required: he beats and starves them. When Vitalis comes back and sees how the boys are being flogged, he tells Garofoli that he could go to the police, but Garofoli threatens back to tell "some people just one name which will make Vitalis red from shame". Vitalis takes the wondering and grateful Remi not to return to Garofoli ever.
But this act of love costs Vitalis his life. That night, unable to find a place to stay, Vitalis and Remi collapse in the snowstorm under a fence.
Remi wakes up in a bed, with people standing around him: a man, two boys and two girls. The little girl, of about 5-6 years old, watches Remi with talking eyes. Then Remi learns the terrible truth: Vitalis is dead. In an attempt to discover his identity, the policemen take Remi to Garofoli, who reveals the truth: Vitalis used to be the famous Italian singer Carlo Balzani. When he got older, his voice got worse, and he was so ashamed for this that he decided to disappear. He changed his identity to Vitalis.
The family take Remi and Capi in. Remi gets a real father, the gardener Pierre Acquin, two brothers, Alexis and Benjamin, and two sisters, Étienette and little mute Lise. Remi especially adores Lise. He teaches her to read and plays the harp for her. Lise loves a Napolitan song in particular. Remi becomes a gardener, and years of hard work and merry Sundays follow. But after two years a terrible hailstrom ruins the glass in the greenhouse, and Acquin is in debts which he cannot pay and has therefore to enter a debt jail. The children are to go to uncles and aunts, in several French towns. Although the children insist that Remi also belongs to the family, none of the uncles and aunts is willing to take care of Remi. Broken-hearted again, vowing to his brothers and sisters to visit them on his way and bring father news from them, Remi takes his harp and Capi and leaves to the big roads.
Second volume
He hasn't gone long until he meets a companion. Mattia, the boy from Garofoli, is starving on the streets of Paris. Garofoli is in prison for beating a boy to death. Mattia pleads Remi to take him into his troupe. Remi is scared: with him, Mattia might die of hunger as much as alone. But Mattia convinces him that two will never die of hunger because one helps the other. Thus, "Remi's troupe" consists now of two twelve-year-olds and a dog. Mattia is a gifted violinist, he plays other instruments too, and he worked some time in a circus, where they had two English clowns, so he knows some English.
First the boys turn to visit Alexis, who now lives with his Uncle Gaspard (Father Acquin's brother) in the mining town Varses, where he works in the mine with his uncle. When Alexis is wounded and unable to work for a while, Remi volunteers to replace him. One of the miners is nicknamed magister, he is an old and wise man. He becomes a good friend and he explains the history of coal. One day the mine is flooded, probably by the river which flows overhead. Seven miners, including Uncle Gaspard, the magister and Remi, find shelter, but are trapped. They are waiting to be rescued, but don't even know if the rescue works are taking place. One of the men confesses a crime, blames himself for the disaster and commits suicide. The others spend a fortnight underground, hungry, beaten, but optimistic - and at last are saved. Capi is mad of happiness; Mattia is in tears. He says he never believed that Remi could be dead, and Remi is proud of his friend's strong belief in him. This incident shows the terrible state of child labour in 19th Century France but it also serves to bring closer Remi and Mattia: since that incident they are friends for life and death.
Remi wants Mattia to learn music and they visit a musician. Mr. Espinassous is shocked by Mattia's great talent and tries to convince him to stay and learn, but Mattia never wants to leave Remi. The boys now head for Chavanon where they hope to meet Remi's foster mother Barberin. During the trip they saved their money, hoping to buy a cow for mother Barberin. When they pass through Ussel, not far from Chavanon, they buy a cow, to replace beloved Rosette, who was sold when Barberin had his accident. To make sure that they will not buy a bad cow, they ask a vet for help. The vet is very friendly and the boys buy a wonderful cow.
In the next town the boys are accused of stealing the cow. Why would two street musicians have a cow, after all? They explain their story to the mayor. The mayor knows Mother Barberin, he heard about the accident in the mine, and he is willing to believe that the boys are honest. To make sure, the vet is called to testify, and the boys can continue their journey.
Remi and Mother Barberin finally meet. Mother Barberin tells Remi that Barberin is in Paris in search of Remi, because his real parents appear to be in search of him. However, Mother Barberin knows very little, because Barberin never told her any details. Remi is eager to know his real parents. Remi and Mattia decide to return to Paris and see Barberin.
On the way to Paris, they pass through Dreuzy, where they pay a visit to Lise Acquin. Remi and Lise are very fond of each other. When the boys arrive in Paris, they learn that Barberin has died. Remi writes a letter to Mother Barberin. Mother Barberin replies and she encloses a letter that was sent by Barberin before he died. It mentions the address of a lawyer's office in London, which is in charge of the search for Remi. So the boys go to London, where they are led straight to Remi's parents. Their name is Driscoll. Remi is terribly disappointed: the Driscolls are cold to him, his father keeps the boys locked. They turn out to be thieves and use Capi to help them in their work.
The Driscolls have a visitor. It is a man who seems to be interested in Remi, but Remi does not understand English well enough. The visitor does not meet Mattia, but Mattia overhears their conversation. The visitor is James Milligan and he appears to be Arthur's uncle. He hopes that Arthur will die, so that he will inherit the fortune of his late brother. The boys agree that Mrs. Milligan must be warned, but they have no idea where to find her. Mattia meets someone he knows. It is Bob, a clown from the circus where Mattia used to work. Bob turns out to be a very fine friend.
When Remi is accused of a robbery committed by his parents, Bob and Mattia help him escape from prison. With the help of Bob's brother, a sailor, they return to France. They go and search for Mrs. Milligan, to warn her for her brother-in-law. This is easier than it seems, since her boat, the "Swan", is a remarkable boat, and they soon hear that people have seen her. They only have to follow the rivers and canals. On their way they pass through Dreuzy where they hope to meet Lise again. However, they hear that Lise's uncle has died, and that a kind English lady, who journeyed on a boat, has offered to take care of Lise. That must have been Mrs. Milligan. Of course that is another incentive to go and find the "Swan". Remi and Mattia trace the "Swan" across France to Switzerland. They find the boat, but she is deserted. They inquire, and they find that the boat was unable to journey further up the river, and that the family continued their journey by coach, probably to Vevey. When they get to the town where "the English woman with the ill boy and the mute girl" are supposed to be, they start singing under every fence. It takes several days before they find the family. One day, when Remi sings his Napolitan song, he overhears a scream and a weak voice that continues the song. They run to the voice and find Lise, whose voice has returned to her when she heard her long-lost Remi. The boys now find that James Milligan is there too, and Remi is afraid to meet him, so he hides. Mattia is not afraid - James does not know Mattia. Mattia immediately tells Mrs. Milligan their story. Mrs. Milligan presumes that Remi must be her lost eldest son, but she tells Mattia that this should not be told to Remi until she is sure about it. She arranges that the boys can stay in a hotel, where they can have plenty of food, comfortable beds, and where they are visited by a barber and a tailor. After a few days Mrs. Milligan invites the boys, where they meet Mother Barberin. Mrs. Milligan has apparently sent for her. Mother Barberin shows Remi's baby clothes. Mrs. Milligan recognises these as the clothes her boy wore when he was stolen. Mrs. Milligan happily declares that Remi is her son, to join his "mother, brother and those - she pointed at Lise and Mattia - who loved you in your misery". It is clear that Mr. Driscoll has stolen the boy as a job for James Milligan.
This story has a happy ending: Remi finds his family, and discovers he is the heir of a fortune. Mattia's dearest little sister Cristina is sent for from Italy and they all grow up together. Arthur gets well and becomes an athlete. Mattia becomes a famous violinist. Remi marries Lise and they have a son named Mattia, whose babysitter is Mother Barberin.
The book ends with the score of the Napolitan song.
Film and television
Several movies were made after the novel, one of them Sans famille, starring: Pierre Richard (Vitalis), Veronica Ferres (Remi's mother), Bernard Fresson (Garofoli) and special guest starring: Claude Jade ("The Lady").
* Sans famille (F 1934) IMDb
* Senza famiglia (I 1946) IMDb
* Le Théâtre de la jeunesse: Sans famille (made for TV, F 1965) IMDb
* Ie Naki Ko (Japan 1977-78) - 51-episode anime TV series by Tokyo Movie Shinsha
* Sans famille (France 1981) - 6-part TV series by TF1 starring Petula Clark IMDB
* Bez semyi (Без семьи, SU 1984) IMDb
* Remi, Nobody's Girl (家なき子レミ, Ie Naki Ko Remi?) (Japan) - 26-episode anime TV series, the final installment in Nippon Animation's World Masterpiece Theatre series. This version made major changes to the storyline, transforming Remi (voiced by legendary pop star/voice actress Mitsuko Horie) into a girl and making her a child singer. The series was later translated into English by the anime television network, Animax, who aired the complete series (all 26 episodes) across its respective networks worldwide, including Southeast Asia and South Asia..
* Sans famille/Das Findelkind (F/D/CZ, 2000) IMDb