《 xià luò de wǎng》 zhè bù zuò pǐn chū bǎn yú 1952 nián， zhì 2009 nián yǐ yòu 20 duō zhǒng yì wén， fā xíng jìn qiān wàn cè。 suī rán zuò zhě shū xiě de shì yī gè tóng huà gù shì， dàn tā gěi rén yǐ wú xiàn wēn qíng、 gǎn dòng hé chōng jǐng， shì yī bù gěi dà rén yuè dú de tóng huà。 zuò zhě huái tè yòng róu rèn wú bǐ de zhī zhū sī biān zhì liǎo yī zhāng lǐ xiǎng de、 wēn nuǎn de、 měi lì de、 ài de dà wǎng， gǎn dòng zhe shì jiè wú shù de dú zhě。 zhè shì yī gè shàn liáng de ruò zhě zhī jiān xiāng hù fú chí de gù shì， chú liǎo 'ài、 yǒu yì zhī wài， zhè piān jí shū qíng de tóng huà lǐ， hái yòu yī fēn duì shēng mìng běn shēn de zàn měi yǔ juàn liàn。
zhōng wén shū míng：《 xià luò de wǎng》
zuò zhě :E ・ B・ huái tè（ měi）
yì zhě : rèn róng róng
ISBN:9787532733415
yè shù :181
zhuāng zhēn : píng zhuāng
chū bǎn nián :2004-05
suǒ shǔ lèi xíng： shǎo 'ér / ér tóng wén xué / tóng huà /
shì hé yuè dú nián líng： 6 suì yǐ shàng
chū bǎn shè : shàng hǎi yì wén chū bǎn shè
yī zhǐ míng jiào wēi 'ěr bó de xiǎo zhū hé yī zhǐ jiào xià luò de zhī zhū chéng wéi péng yǒu。 xiǎo zhū wèi lái de mìng yùn shì chéng wéi shèng dàn jié shí de pán zhōng dà cān， zhè gè bēi liáng de jiēguǒ ràng wēi 'ěr bó xīn jīng dǎn hán。 tā yě céng cháng shì guò táo páo， dàn tā bì jìng shì yī zhǐ zhū。 kàn sì miǎo xiǎo de xià luò què shuō： “ ràng wǒ lái bāng nǐ。 ” yú shì xià luò yòng tā de wǎng zài zhū péng zhōng zhì chū“ wáng pái zhū”、“ zhū kè màn de míng zhū” děng zì yàng， nà xiē bèi rén lèi shì wéi qí jì de zì ràng wēi 'ěr bó de mìng yùn zhěng gè nì zhuǎn， zhōng yú dé dào liǎo bǐ sài de tè bié jiǎng hé yī gè 'ān xiǎng tiān mìng de wèi lái。 dàn jiù zài zhè shí， zhī zhū xià luò de shēng mìng què zǒu dào liǎo jìn tóu ……
zhè shì yī gè shàn liáng de ruò zhě zhī jiān xiāng hù fú chí de gù shì， chú liǎo 'ài、 yǒu yì zhī wài， zhè piān jí shū qíng de tóng huà lǐ， hái yòu yī fēn duì shēng mìng běn shēn de zàn měi yǔ juàn liàn。
《 xià luò de wǎng》 - zhù yào mù lù
mù lù：
1） zǎo fàn qián 2） xiǎo zhū wēi 'ěr bó 3） táo zǒu 4) gū dú 5) xià luò 6) xià rì 7) huài xiāo xī 8) jiā lǐ de tán huà 9) wēi 'ěr bó shuō dà huà 10) chòu dàn bào zhà 11) qí jì 12) huì yì 13） jìn zhǎn shùn lì 14） duō lǐ 'ān yī shēng 15） xī shuài
guān xì biǎo：
yuē hàn · ā lā bù 'ěr xiān shēng， ā lā bù 'ěr tài tài， duō lǐ 'ān yī shēng
ài fú lǐ héng héng 'ā lā bù 'ěr fū fù de 'ér zǐ， shí suì fú 'ēn héng héng 'ā lā bù 'ěr fū fù de nǚ 'ér， bā suì huò mò ·L· zhū kè màn xiān shēng héng héng fú 'ēn de jiù jiù yī dí sī · zhū kè màn tài tài héng héng fú 'ēn de jiù mā lè wéi héng héng zhū kè màn fū fù de gù gōng wēi 'ěr bó héng héng xiǎo zhū xià luò · ā · kǎ wǎ dì kǎ héng héng zhī zhū tǎn pǔ 'ěr dùn héng héng lǎo shǔ
《 xià luò de wǎng》 - shū jí zuò zhě
E.B. huái tè (1899-1985) shēng yú niǔ yuē méng tè fú nóng， bì yè yú kāng nài 'ěr dà xué。 duō nián lái tā wéi《 niǔ yuē rén》 zá zhì dān rèn zhuān zhí zhuàn gǎo rén。 huái tè shì yī wèi pō yòu zào yì de sǎnwén jiā、 yōu mò zuò jiā、 shī rén hé fěng cì zuò jiā。 duì yú jǐ dài měi guó 'ér tóng lái shuō， tā zhī suǒ yǐ chū míng shì yīn wéi xiě dì yī liú de 'ér tóng dú wù《 xiǎo sī tú yà tè》 (1945 nián ) hé《 xià luò tè de wǎng》 (1952 nián )。 yī dài yòu yī dài xué shēng hé zuò zhě shú xī tā， yīn wéi tā shì《 fēng gé de yào sù》 zhè běn shū de hé zhù zhě ( jiān xiū dìng zhě )。 gāi shū shì guān yú zuò wén hé guàn yòng fǎ de hěn yòu jià zhí de xiǎo cè zǐ， zuì chū yóu zài kāng nài 'ěr dà xué jiào guò huái tè yīng yǔ de xiǎo wēi lián ． sī tè lǎng kè jiào shòu zhuàn xiě。 sǎnwén《 zì yóu》 yú 1940 nián 7 yuè shǒu xiān yóu《 hā pō sī》 zá zhì fā biǎo。 dāng shí měi guó shàng wèi jiā rù fǎn duì nà cuì de zhàn zhēng， shì jiè zhèng chù yú nà cuì ── sū lián tiáo yuē de shí qī， wú lùn zuǒ pài huò yòu pài dū hū lüè liǎo jí quán zhù yì duì mín zhù de wēi xié。 zhè piān sǎnwén shōu rù huái tè de wén jí《 yī gè rén de ròu shí》 (1942 nián )。
《 xià luò de wǎng》 - chū bǎn huā xù
měi guó zuò jiā E.B. huái tè 1952 nián de zuò pǐn《 xià luò de wǎng》 1979 nián céng chū bǎn guò， dàn xiàn zài yǐ jīng hěn nán jiàn dào liǎo。“ zhè xiē nián lái zǒng shì zhǎo bù dào huó zhe de gǎn jué， kàn liǎo《 xià luò de wǎng》， cái zhī dào shēng huó shì shénme。” wǎng luò yì běn de fān yì zhě xiào máo jiù wèile zhè yàng de gǎn shòu， zì jǐ fān yì bìng zài wǎng luò shàng fā bù liǎo zhè gè jīng diǎn tóng huà， yě dài dòng qǐ liǎo yī dà pī de“ xià luò mí”。 xiàn zài， zhè běn bèi yù wéi“ bǎo shū” de《 xià luò de wǎng》 jīng guò cháng dá wǔ nián de bǎn quán tán pàn， yóu zhù míng 'ér tóng wén xué zuò jiā rèn róng róng、 zhōng yú shàng hǎi yì wén chū bǎn shè chū bǎn。
《 xià luò de wǎng》 - chéng jì
《 xià luò de wǎng》， yī shǒu guān yú shēng mìng， yǒu qíng， ài yǔ zhōng chéng de zàn gē。 yī bù 'ào jū“ měi guó zuì wěi dà de shí bù 'ér tóng wén xué míng zhù” shǒu wèi de tóng huà。 fēng xíng shì jiè wǔ shí nián， fā xíng qiān wàn cè。
《 xià luò de wǎng》 - xiāng guān píng jià
yī） jīng guò màn cháng de děng dài， shì jiè jīng diǎn tóng huà《 xià luò de wǎng》 zhōng yú zài 2004 nián 5 yuè yóu shàng hǎi yì wén chū bǎn shè yǐn jìn chū bǎn， xīn bǎn de yì zhě shì dé gāo wàng zhòng de 'ér tóng wén xué fān yì jiā rèn róng róng xiān shēng。 zuò wéi yī běn 'ér tóng wén xué míng zhù， rèn róng róng xiān shēng de yì běn xiǎn rán bǐ jiù yì gèng jiā tiē jìn 'ér tóng， dàn xīn yì běn néng fǒu wán quán qǔ dài jiù yì zài dú zhě xīn zhōng de dì wèi， hái xū yào dú zhě lái zuò chū pàn duàn。
bù guò wú lùn rú hé， zhōng yú néng gòu dú dào《 xià luò de wǎng》， duì dú zhě lái shuō què shí shì yī jiàn xìng yùn de shì qíng。“ zhè shí zài shì yī běn bǎo shū。 wǒ jué dé zài yī gè lǐ xiǎng de shì jiè lǐ， yīnggāi zhǐ yòu liǎng zhǒng rén cún zài， yī zhǒng shì dú guò《 xià luò de wǎng》 de rén， lìng yī zhǒng shì jiāng yào dú《 xià luò de wǎng》 de rén。 yòu shí hòu， bàn yè lǐ xǐng guò lái， mō mō xiōng kǒu hái zài tiào， jiù huì hěn gāo xīng， yīn wéi huó zhe jiù yì wèi zhe hái néng zài bǎ《 xià luò de wǎng》 dú yī biàn， ér dú《 xià luò de wǎng》 jiù yì wèi zhe hái huó zhe。…… cóng wǒ dì yī cì dú《 xià luò de wǎng》 dào xiàn zài， jīhū yǐ jīng yòu 20 nián guò qù liǎo， wǒ yī zhí dōuméi néng gǎo míng bái， zhè bù ‘ ér tóng wén xué ’ hé yǐ néng gòu rú cǐ cháng jiǔ dì lìng wǒ zháomí。” héng héng fù dàn dà xué zhōng wén xì fù jiào shòu yán fēng
èr） zhè shì yī bù fēi cháng yōu xiù de tóng huà， tā de zhù tí jiù shì dòng wù zhī jiān de yǒu yì。 huái tè yī shēng xiě guò 3 bù tóng huà， zhè 3 bù tóng huà wǒdōu fān yì guò， xiāng bǐ 'ér yán，《 xià luò de wǎng》 shì qí zhōng zuì róng yì dǒng de， tā de lìng wài liǎng bù tóng huà hán yì yào gēngshēn yī xiē。 tè bié shì《 xiǎo lǎo shǔ sī tú 'ěr tè》， dāng gù shì zuì hòu xiǎo lǎo shǔ shàng lù qù xún zhǎo de shí hòu， nà zhǒng qì fēn shì fēi cháng yōu shāng de， huái tè zuì zhōng yě méi yòu gào sù dú zhě sī tú 'ěr tè zuì hòu de xún zhǎo shì bù shì yòu shénme jiēguǒ， zhè shì yī zhǒng hěn diǎn xíng de“ zài lù shàng” de gǎn jué， ér《 xià luò de wǎng》 jiù yào míng liàng dé duō， tā de jié wěi shì měi hǎo de， zhěng gè gù shì yě fēi cháng qīng xī。 héng héng guó nèi zhù míng de 'ér tóng wén fān yì jiā zhī yī rèn róng róng
The novel tells the story of a pig named Wilbur and his friendship with a barn spider named Charlotte. When Wilbur is in danger of being slaughtered by the farmer, Charlotte writes messages praising Wilbur (such as "Some Pig") in her web in order to persuade the farmer to let him live.
Written in White's dry, low-key manner, Charlotte's Web is considered a classic of children's literature, enjoyable to adults as well as children. The description of the experience of swinging on a rope swing at the farm is an often cited example of rhythm in writing, as the pace of the sentences reflects the motion of the swing. Publishers Weekly listed the book as the best-selling children's paperback of all time as of 2000.
Charlotte's Web was made into an animated feature by Hanna-Barbera Productions and Paramount Pictures in 1973. Paramount released a direct-to-video sequel, Charlotte's Web 2: Wilbur's Great Adventure, in the US in 2003 (Universal released the film internationally). A live-action film version of E. B. White's original story was released on December 15, 2006. A video game based on this adaption was also released on December 12.
Plot summary
The book begins when John Arable's sow gives birth to a litter of piglets, and Mr. Arable discovers one of them is a runt and decides to kill it. However, his eight year old daughter Fern begs him to let it live. Therefore her father gives it to Fern as a pet, and she names the piglet Wilbur. Wilbur is hyperactive and always exploring new things. He lives with Fern for a few weeks and then is sold to her uncle, Homer Zuckerman. Although Fern visits him at the Zuckermans' farm as often as she can, Wilbur gets lonelier day after day. Eventually, a warm and soothing voice tells him that she is going to be his friend. The next day, he wakes up and meets his new friend: Charlotte, the grey spider.
Wilbur soon becomes a member of the community of animals who live in the cellar of Zuckerman's barn. When the old sheep in the barn cellar tells Wilbur that he is going to be killed and eaten at Christmas, he turns to Charlotte for help. Charlotte has the idea of writing words in her web extolling Wilbur's excellence ("some pig", "terrific", "radiant", and eventually "humble"), reasoning that if she can make Wilbur sufficiently famous, he will not be killed. Thanks to Charlotte's efforts, and with the assistance of the gluttonous rat Templeton, Wilbur not only lives, but goes to the county fair with Charlotte and wins a prize. Having reached the end of her natural lifespan, Charlotte dies at the fair. Wilbur repays Charlotte by bringing home with him the sac of eggs (her "magnum opus") she had laid at the fair before dying. When Charlotte's eggs hatch at Zuckerman's farm, most of them leave to make their own lives elsewhere, except for three: Joy, Aranea, and Nellie, who remain there as friends to Wilbur.
Characters
* Wilbur is a rambunctious pig, the runt of his litter, who loves life, even that of Zuckerman’s barn. He sometimes feels lonely or fearful.
* Charlotte A. Cavatica , or simply Charlotte, is a spider who befriends Wilbur, who at first seems bloodthirsty due to her method of catching food.
* Fern Arable, daughter of John Arable and Mrs. Arable, is the courageous eight-year-old girl who saves Wilbur in the beginning of the novel.
* Templeton is a gluttonous rat who helps Charlotte and Wilbur only when offered food. He serves as a somewhat caustic, self-serving comic relief to the plot.
* Avery Arable is the brother of Fern. He appears briefly throughout the novel.
* Homer Zuckerman is Fern’s uncle who keeps Wilbur in his barn. He has a wife, Edith, and a hired man named Lurvy who helps out around the barn.
* Other animals living in Zuckerman’s barn with whom Wilbur converses are a disdainful lamb, a goose who is constantly sitting on her eggs, and an old sheep.
* Henry Fussy is a boy Fern’s age whom Fern becomes very fond of.
* Uncle is Wilbur’s rival at the fair, a large pig whom Charlotte doesn’t consider to be particularly refined.
History
White's editor Ursula Nordstrom said that one day, in 1952, E.B. White handed her a new manuscript out of the blue, the only version of Charlotte's Web then in existence, which she read soon after and was hugely impressed with. Charlotte's Web was published three years after White began writing it.
Since E. B. White published Death of a Pig in 1948, an account of how he failed to save a sick pig (which had been bought in order to be fattened up and butchered), Charlotte’s Web can be seen as White attempting "to save his pig in retrospect."
When White met the spider who originally inspired Charlotte, he called her Charlotte Epeira (after Epeira sclopetaria, the Grey Cross spider, now known as Aranea sericata), later discovering that the more modern name for that genus was Aranea. In the novel, Charlotte gives her full name as "Charlotte A. Cavatica", revealing her as a barn spider, an orb-weaver with the scientific name Araneus cavaticus.
The anatomical terms (such as those mentioned in the beginning of chapter nine) and other information that White used came mostly from American Spiders by Willis J. Gertsch and The Spider Book by John Henry Comstock, both of which combine a sense of poetry with scientific fact. White incorporated details from Comstock's accounts of baby spiders, most notably the "flight" of the young spiders and also the way one of them climbs to the top of a fence before launching itself into the air. White sent Gertsch’s book to Illustrator Garth Williams. Williams’ initial drawings depicted a spider with a woman’s face, and White suggested that he simply draw a realistic spider instead.
White originally opened the novel with an introduction of Wilbur and the barnyard (which later became the third chapter), but then decided to begin the novel from a human perspective by introducing Fern and her family on the very first page. White’s publishers were at one point concerned with the book’s ending and tried to get White to change it.
The author’s granddaughter, Martha White, thinks many children don’t necessarily see the book as set in Maine. Charlotte's Web has become White's most famous book. However, White treasured his privacy and the integrity of the farmyard and barn that helped inspire the novel, which have been kept off limits to the public according to his wishes.
Reception
Charlotte's Web was generally well-reviewed when it was released. In The New York Times, Eudora Welty wrote, "As a piece of work it is just about perfect, and just about magical in the way it is done." Aside from its paperback sales, Charlotte's Web is 78th on the all-time bestselling hardback book list. According to publicity for the 2006 film adaptation (see below), the book has sold more than 45 million copies and been translated into 23 languages. It was a Newbery Honors book for 1953, losing to Secret of the Andes by Ann Nolan Clark for the medal. In 1970, White won the Laura Ingalls Wilder Medal, a major prize in the field of children's literature, for Charlotte's Web, along with his first children's book, Stuart Little, published in 1945.
Maria Nikolajeva (in her book The Rhetoric of Character in Children's Literature) calls the opening of the novel a failure because of White's begun and then abandoned human dimension involving Fern, which, she says, obscures any allegory to humanity, if one were to view the animals' story as such. Seth Lerer, in his book Children’s Literature, finds that Charlotte represents female authorship and creativity, and compares her to other female characters in children’s literature such as Jo March in Little Women and Mary Lennox in The Secret Garden. Nancy Larrick brings to attention the "startling note of realism" in the opening line, "Where's Papa going with that Ax?"
Illustrator Henry Cole expressed his deep childhood appreciation of the characters and story, and calls Garth Williams' illustrations full of “sensitivity, warmth, humor, and intelligence.” Illustrator Diana Cain Blutenthal states that Williams' illustrations inspired and influenced her.
There is an unabridged audio book read by White himself which reappeared decades after it had originally been recorded. Newsweek writes that White reads the story “without artifice and with a mellow charm,” and that “White also has a plangency that will make you weep, so don’t listen (at least, not to the sad parts) while driving.” Joe Berk, president of Pathway Sound, had recorded Charlotte’s Web with White in White’s neighbor's house in Maine (which Berk describes as an especially memorable experience) and released the book in LP. Bantam released Charlotte’s Web alongside Stuart Little on CD in 1991, digitally remastered, having acquired the two of them for rather a large amount.
In 2005, a school teacher in California conceived of a project for her class in which they would send out hundreds of drawings of spiders (each representing Charlotte’s child Aranea going out into the world so that she can return and tell Wilbur of what she has seen) with accompanying letters; they ended up visiting a large number of parks, monuments and museums, and were hosted by and/or prompted responses from celebrities and politicians such as John Travolta and then First Lady Laura Bush.
Maggie Kneen created full-color illustrations for a couple sections of the novel, which were published in picture book format as Wilbur's Adventure and Some Pig.
Awards and nominations
* Massachusetts Children's Book Award (1984)
* Newbery Honor Book (1953)
* Laura Ingalls Wilder Medal (1970)
* Horn Book Fanfare
Film adaptations
1973 version
Main article: Charlotte's Web (1973 film)
The book was adapted into an animated feature by Hanna-Barbera Productions and Sagittarius Productions in 1973 with a song score by the Sherman Brothers.
2003 sequel
This is the sequel to the 1973 film, released direct-to-video by Paramount Pictures.
2006 version
Paramount Pictures, with Walden Media, Kerner Entertainment Company, and Nickelodeon Movies, produced a live-action/animated film starring Dakota Fanning as Fern and the voice of Julia Roberts as Charlotte, released on December 15, 2006.
Video game
A video game of the 2006 film was developed by Backbone Entertainment and published by THQ and Sega, and released on December 12, 2006 for the Game Boy Advance, Nintendo DS, PlayStation 2 and PC.
zhōng wén shū míng：《 xià luò de wǎng》
zuò zhě :E ・ B・ huái tè（ měi）
yì zhě : rèn róng róng
ISBN:9787532733415
yè shù :181
zhuāng zhēn : píng zhuāng
chū bǎn nián :2004-05
suǒ shǔ lèi xíng： shǎo 'ér / ér tóng wén xué / tóng huà /
shì hé yuè dú nián líng： 6 suì yǐ shàng
chū bǎn shè : shàng hǎi yì wén chū bǎn shè
yī zhǐ míng jiào wēi 'ěr bó de xiǎo zhū hé yī zhǐ jiào xià luò de zhī zhū chéng wéi péng yǒu。 xiǎo zhū wèi lái de mìng yùn shì chéng wéi shèng dàn jié shí de pán zhōng dà cān， zhè gè bēi liáng de jiēguǒ ràng wēi 'ěr bó xīn jīng dǎn hán。 tā yě céng cháng shì guò táo páo， dàn tā bì jìng shì yī zhǐ zhū。 kàn sì miǎo xiǎo de xià luò què shuō： “ ràng wǒ lái bāng nǐ。 ” yú shì xià luò yòng tā de wǎng zài zhū péng zhōng zhì chū“ wáng pái zhū”、“ zhū kè màn de míng zhū” děng zì yàng， nà xiē bèi rén lèi shì wéi qí jì de zì ràng wēi 'ěr bó de mìng yùn zhěng gè nì zhuǎn， zhōng yú dé dào liǎo bǐ sài de tè bié jiǎng hé yī gè 'ān xiǎng tiān mìng de wèi lái。 dàn jiù zài zhè shí， zhī zhū xià luò de shēng mìng què zǒu dào liǎo jìn tóu ……
zhè shì yī gè shàn liáng de ruò zhě zhī jiān xiāng hù fú chí de gù shì， chú liǎo 'ài、 yǒu yì zhī wài， zhè piān jí shū qíng de tóng huà lǐ， hái yòu yī fēn duì shēng mìng běn shēn de zàn měi yǔ juàn liàn。
《 xià luò de wǎng》 - zhù yào mù lù
mù lù：
1） zǎo fàn qián 2） xiǎo zhū wēi 'ěr bó 3） táo zǒu 4) gū dú 5) xià luò 6) xià rì 7) huài xiāo xī 8) jiā lǐ de tán huà 9) wēi 'ěr bó shuō dà huà 10) chòu dàn bào zhà 11) qí jì 12) huì yì 13） jìn zhǎn shùn lì 14） duō lǐ 'ān yī shēng 15） xī shuài
guān xì biǎo：
yuē hàn · ā lā bù 'ěr xiān shēng， ā lā bù 'ěr tài tài， duō lǐ 'ān yī shēng
ài fú lǐ héng héng 'ā lā bù 'ěr fū fù de 'ér zǐ， shí suì fú 'ēn héng héng 'ā lā bù 'ěr fū fù de nǚ 'ér， bā suì huò mò ·L· zhū kè màn xiān shēng héng héng fú 'ēn de jiù jiù yī dí sī · zhū kè màn tài tài héng héng fú 'ēn de jiù mā lè wéi héng héng zhū kè màn fū fù de gù gōng wēi 'ěr bó héng héng xiǎo zhū xià luò · ā · kǎ wǎ dì kǎ héng héng zhī zhū tǎn pǔ 'ěr dùn héng héng lǎo shǔ
《 xià luò de wǎng》 - shū jí zuò zhě
E.B. huái tè (1899-1985) shēng yú niǔ yuē méng tè fú nóng， bì yè yú kāng nài 'ěr dà xué。 duō nián lái tā wéi《 niǔ yuē rén》 zá zhì dān rèn zhuān zhí zhuàn gǎo rén。 huái tè shì yī wèi pō yòu zào yì de sǎnwén jiā、 yōu mò zuò jiā、 shī rén hé fěng cì zuò jiā。 duì yú jǐ dài měi guó 'ér tóng lái shuō， tā zhī suǒ yǐ chū míng shì yīn wéi xiě dì yī liú de 'ér tóng dú wù《 xiǎo sī tú yà tè》 (1945 nián ) hé《 xià luò tè de wǎng》 (1952 nián )。 yī dài yòu yī dài xué shēng hé zuò zhě shú xī tā， yīn wéi tā shì《 fēng gé de yào sù》 zhè běn shū de hé zhù zhě ( jiān xiū dìng zhě )。 gāi shū shì guān yú zuò wén hé guàn yòng fǎ de hěn yòu jià zhí de xiǎo cè zǐ， zuì chū yóu zài kāng nài 'ěr dà xué jiào guò huái tè yīng yǔ de xiǎo wēi lián ． sī tè lǎng kè jiào shòu zhuàn xiě。 sǎnwén《 zì yóu》 yú 1940 nián 7 yuè shǒu xiān yóu《 hā pō sī》 zá zhì fā biǎo。 dāng shí měi guó shàng wèi jiā rù fǎn duì nà cuì de zhàn zhēng， shì jiè zhèng chù yú nà cuì ── sū lián tiáo yuē de shí qī， wú lùn zuǒ pài huò yòu pài dū hū lüè liǎo jí quán zhù yì duì mín zhù de wēi xié。 zhè piān sǎnwén shōu rù huái tè de wén jí《 yī gè rén de ròu shí》 (1942 nián )。
《 xià luò de wǎng》 - chū bǎn huā xù
měi guó zuò jiā E.B. huái tè 1952 nián de zuò pǐn《 xià luò de wǎng》 1979 nián céng chū bǎn guò， dàn xiàn zài yǐ jīng hěn nán jiàn dào liǎo。“ zhè xiē nián lái zǒng shì zhǎo bù dào huó zhe de gǎn jué， kàn liǎo《 xià luò de wǎng》， cái zhī dào shēng huó shì shénme。” wǎng luò yì běn de fān yì zhě xiào máo jiù wèile zhè yàng de gǎn shòu， zì jǐ fān yì bìng zài wǎng luò shàng fā bù liǎo zhè gè jīng diǎn tóng huà， yě dài dòng qǐ liǎo yī dà pī de“ xià luò mí”。 xiàn zài， zhè běn bèi yù wéi“ bǎo shū” de《 xià luò de wǎng》 jīng guò cháng dá wǔ nián de bǎn quán tán pàn， yóu zhù míng 'ér tóng wén xué zuò jiā rèn róng róng、 zhōng yú shàng hǎi yì wén chū bǎn shè chū bǎn。
《 xià luò de wǎng》 - chéng jì
《 xià luò de wǎng》， yī shǒu guān yú shēng mìng， yǒu qíng， ài yǔ zhōng chéng de zàn gē。 yī bù 'ào jū“ měi guó zuì wěi dà de shí bù 'ér tóng wén xué míng zhù” shǒu wèi de tóng huà。 fēng xíng shì jiè wǔ shí nián， fā xíng qiān wàn cè。
《 xià luò de wǎng》 - xiāng guān píng jià
yī） jīng guò màn cháng de děng dài， shì jiè jīng diǎn tóng huà《 xià luò de wǎng》 zhōng yú zài 2004 nián 5 yuè yóu shàng hǎi yì wén chū bǎn shè yǐn jìn chū bǎn， xīn bǎn de yì zhě shì dé gāo wàng zhòng de 'ér tóng wén xué fān yì jiā rèn róng róng xiān shēng。 zuò wéi yī běn 'ér tóng wén xué míng zhù， rèn róng róng xiān shēng de yì běn xiǎn rán bǐ jiù yì gèng jiā tiē jìn 'ér tóng， dàn xīn yì běn néng fǒu wán quán qǔ dài jiù yì zài dú zhě xīn zhōng de dì wèi， hái xū yào dú zhě lái zuò chū pàn duàn。
bù guò wú lùn rú hé， zhōng yú néng gòu dú dào《 xià luò de wǎng》， duì dú zhě lái shuō què shí shì yī jiàn xìng yùn de shì qíng。“ zhè shí zài shì yī běn bǎo shū。 wǒ jué dé zài yī gè lǐ xiǎng de shì jiè lǐ， yīnggāi zhǐ yòu liǎng zhǒng rén cún zài， yī zhǒng shì dú guò《 xià luò de wǎng》 de rén， lìng yī zhǒng shì jiāng yào dú《 xià luò de wǎng》 de rén。 yòu shí hòu， bàn yè lǐ xǐng guò lái， mō mō xiōng kǒu hái zài tiào， jiù huì hěn gāo xīng， yīn wéi huó zhe jiù yì wèi zhe hái néng zài bǎ《 xià luò de wǎng》 dú yī biàn， ér dú《 xià luò de wǎng》 jiù yì wèi zhe hái huó zhe。…… cóng wǒ dì yī cì dú《 xià luò de wǎng》 dào xiàn zài， jīhū yǐ jīng yòu 20 nián guò qù liǎo， wǒ yī zhí dōuméi néng gǎo míng bái， zhè bù ‘ ér tóng wén xué ’ hé yǐ néng gòu rú cǐ cháng jiǔ dì lìng wǒ zháomí。” héng héng fù dàn dà xué zhōng wén xì fù jiào shòu yán fēng
èr） zhè shì yī bù fēi cháng yōu xiù de tóng huà， tā de zhù tí jiù shì dòng wù zhī jiān de yǒu yì。 huái tè yī shēng xiě guò 3 bù tóng huà， zhè 3 bù tóng huà wǒdōu fān yì guò， xiāng bǐ 'ér yán，《 xià luò de wǎng》 shì qí zhōng zuì róng yì dǒng de， tā de lìng wài liǎng bù tóng huà hán yì yào gēngshēn yī xiē。 tè bié shì《 xiǎo lǎo shǔ sī tú 'ěr tè》， dāng gù shì zuì hòu xiǎo lǎo shǔ shàng lù qù xún zhǎo de shí hòu， nà zhǒng qì fēn shì fēi cháng yōu shāng de， huái tè zuì zhōng yě méi yòu gào sù dú zhě sī tú 'ěr tè zuì hòu de xún zhǎo shì bù shì yòu shénme jiēguǒ， zhè shì yī zhǒng hěn diǎn xíng de“ zài lù shàng” de gǎn jué， ér《 xià luò de wǎng》 jiù yào míng liàng dé duō， tā de jié wěi shì měi hǎo de， zhěng gè gù shì yě fēi cháng qīng xī。 héng héng guó nèi zhù míng de 'ér tóng wén fān yì jiā zhī yī rèn róng róng
The novel tells the story of a pig named Wilbur and his friendship with a barn spider named Charlotte. When Wilbur is in danger of being slaughtered by the farmer, Charlotte writes messages praising Wilbur (such as "Some Pig") in her web in order to persuade the farmer to let him live.
Written in White's dry, low-key manner, Charlotte's Web is considered a classic of children's literature, enjoyable to adults as well as children. The description of the experience of swinging on a rope swing at the farm is an often cited example of rhythm in writing, as the pace of the sentences reflects the motion of the swing. Publishers Weekly listed the book as the best-selling children's paperback of all time as of 2000.
Charlotte's Web was made into an animated feature by Hanna-Barbera Productions and Paramount Pictures in 1973. Paramount released a direct-to-video sequel, Charlotte's Web 2: Wilbur's Great Adventure, in the US in 2003 (Universal released the film internationally). A live-action film version of E. B. White's original story was released on December 15, 2006. A video game based on this adaption was also released on December 12.
Plot summary
The book begins when John Arable's sow gives birth to a litter of piglets, and Mr. Arable discovers one of them is a runt and decides to kill it. However, his eight year old daughter Fern begs him to let it live. Therefore her father gives it to Fern as a pet, and she names the piglet Wilbur. Wilbur is hyperactive and always exploring new things. He lives with Fern for a few weeks and then is sold to her uncle, Homer Zuckerman. Although Fern visits him at the Zuckermans' farm as often as she can, Wilbur gets lonelier day after day. Eventually, a warm and soothing voice tells him that she is going to be his friend. The next day, he wakes up and meets his new friend: Charlotte, the grey spider.
Wilbur soon becomes a member of the community of animals who live in the cellar of Zuckerman's barn. When the old sheep in the barn cellar tells Wilbur that he is going to be killed and eaten at Christmas, he turns to Charlotte for help. Charlotte has the idea of writing words in her web extolling Wilbur's excellence ("some pig", "terrific", "radiant", and eventually "humble"), reasoning that if she can make Wilbur sufficiently famous, he will not be killed. Thanks to Charlotte's efforts, and with the assistance of the gluttonous rat Templeton, Wilbur not only lives, but goes to the county fair with Charlotte and wins a prize. Having reached the end of her natural lifespan, Charlotte dies at the fair. Wilbur repays Charlotte by bringing home with him the sac of eggs (her "magnum opus") she had laid at the fair before dying. When Charlotte's eggs hatch at Zuckerman's farm, most of them leave to make their own lives elsewhere, except for three: Joy, Aranea, and Nellie, who remain there as friends to Wilbur.
Characters
* Wilbur is a rambunctious pig, the runt of his litter, who loves life, even that of Zuckerman’s barn. He sometimes feels lonely or fearful.
* Charlotte A. Cavatica , or simply Charlotte, is a spider who befriends Wilbur, who at first seems bloodthirsty due to her method of catching food.
* Fern Arable, daughter of John Arable and Mrs. Arable, is the courageous eight-year-old girl who saves Wilbur in the beginning of the novel.
* Templeton is a gluttonous rat who helps Charlotte and Wilbur only when offered food. He serves as a somewhat caustic, self-serving comic relief to the plot.
* Avery Arable is the brother of Fern. He appears briefly throughout the novel.
* Homer Zuckerman is Fern’s uncle who keeps Wilbur in his barn. He has a wife, Edith, and a hired man named Lurvy who helps out around the barn.
* Other animals living in Zuckerman’s barn with whom Wilbur converses are a disdainful lamb, a goose who is constantly sitting on her eggs, and an old sheep.
* Henry Fussy is a boy Fern’s age whom Fern becomes very fond of.
* Uncle is Wilbur’s rival at the fair, a large pig whom Charlotte doesn’t consider to be particularly refined.
History
White's editor Ursula Nordstrom said that one day, in 1952, E.B. White handed her a new manuscript out of the blue, the only version of Charlotte's Web then in existence, which she read soon after and was hugely impressed with. Charlotte's Web was published three years after White began writing it.
Since E. B. White published Death of a Pig in 1948, an account of how he failed to save a sick pig (which had been bought in order to be fattened up and butchered), Charlotte’s Web can be seen as White attempting "to save his pig in retrospect."
When White met the spider who originally inspired Charlotte, he called her Charlotte Epeira (after Epeira sclopetaria, the Grey Cross spider, now known as Aranea sericata), later discovering that the more modern name for that genus was Aranea. In the novel, Charlotte gives her full name as "Charlotte A. Cavatica", revealing her as a barn spider, an orb-weaver with the scientific name Araneus cavaticus.
The anatomical terms (such as those mentioned in the beginning of chapter nine) and other information that White used came mostly from American Spiders by Willis J. Gertsch and The Spider Book by John Henry Comstock, both of which combine a sense of poetry with scientific fact. White incorporated details from Comstock's accounts of baby spiders, most notably the "flight" of the young spiders and also the way one of them climbs to the top of a fence before launching itself into the air. White sent Gertsch’s book to Illustrator Garth Williams. Williams’ initial drawings depicted a spider with a woman’s face, and White suggested that he simply draw a realistic spider instead.
White originally opened the novel with an introduction of Wilbur and the barnyard (which later became the third chapter), but then decided to begin the novel from a human perspective by introducing Fern and her family on the very first page. White’s publishers were at one point concerned with the book’s ending and tried to get White to change it.
The author’s granddaughter, Martha White, thinks many children don’t necessarily see the book as set in Maine. Charlotte's Web has become White's most famous book. However, White treasured his privacy and the integrity of the farmyard and barn that helped inspire the novel, which have been kept off limits to the public according to his wishes.
Reception
Charlotte's Web was generally well-reviewed when it was released. In The New York Times, Eudora Welty wrote, "As a piece of work it is just about perfect, and just about magical in the way it is done." Aside from its paperback sales, Charlotte's Web is 78th on the all-time bestselling hardback book list. According to publicity for the 2006 film adaptation (see below), the book has sold more than 45 million copies and been translated into 23 languages. It was a Newbery Honors book for 1953, losing to Secret of the Andes by Ann Nolan Clark for the medal. In 1970, White won the Laura Ingalls Wilder Medal, a major prize in the field of children's literature, for Charlotte's Web, along with his first children's book, Stuart Little, published in 1945.
Maria Nikolajeva (in her book The Rhetoric of Character in Children's Literature) calls the opening of the novel a failure because of White's begun and then abandoned human dimension involving Fern, which, she says, obscures any allegory to humanity, if one were to view the animals' story as such. Seth Lerer, in his book Children’s Literature, finds that Charlotte represents female authorship and creativity, and compares her to other female characters in children’s literature such as Jo March in Little Women and Mary Lennox in The Secret Garden. Nancy Larrick brings to attention the "startling note of realism" in the opening line, "Where's Papa going with that Ax?"
Illustrator Henry Cole expressed his deep childhood appreciation of the characters and story, and calls Garth Williams' illustrations full of “sensitivity, warmth, humor, and intelligence.” Illustrator Diana Cain Blutenthal states that Williams' illustrations inspired and influenced her.
There is an unabridged audio book read by White himself which reappeared decades after it had originally been recorded. Newsweek writes that White reads the story “without artifice and with a mellow charm,” and that “White also has a plangency that will make you weep, so don’t listen (at least, not to the sad parts) while driving.” Joe Berk, president of Pathway Sound, had recorded Charlotte’s Web with White in White’s neighbor's house in Maine (which Berk describes as an especially memorable experience) and released the book in LP. Bantam released Charlotte’s Web alongside Stuart Little on CD in 1991, digitally remastered, having acquired the two of them for rather a large amount.
In 2005, a school teacher in California conceived of a project for her class in which they would send out hundreds of drawings of spiders (each representing Charlotte’s child Aranea going out into the world so that she can return and tell Wilbur of what she has seen) with accompanying letters; they ended up visiting a large number of parks, monuments and museums, and were hosted by and/or prompted responses from celebrities and politicians such as John Travolta and then First Lady Laura Bush.
Maggie Kneen created full-color illustrations for a couple sections of the novel, which were published in picture book format as Wilbur's Adventure and Some Pig.
Awards and nominations
* Massachusetts Children's Book Award (1984)
* Newbery Honor Book (1953)
* Laura Ingalls Wilder Medal (1970)
* Horn Book Fanfare
Film adaptations
1973 version
Main article: Charlotte's Web (1973 film)
The book was adapted into an animated feature by Hanna-Barbera Productions and Sagittarius Productions in 1973 with a song score by the Sherman Brothers.
2003 sequel
This is the sequel to the 1973 film, released direct-to-video by Paramount Pictures.
2006 version
Paramount Pictures, with Walden Media, Kerner Entertainment Company, and Nickelodeon Movies, produced a live-action/animated film starring Dakota Fanning as Fern and the voice of Julia Roberts as Charlotte, released on December 15, 2006.
Video game
A video game of the 2006 film was developed by Backbone Entertainment and published by THQ and Sega, and released on December 12, 2006 for the Game Boy Advance, Nintendo DS, PlayStation 2 and PC.