《兒子與情人》是性愛小說之父勞倫斯的第一部長篇小說。小說風靡世界文壇90年,魅力至今不減。1961年美國俄剋拉荷馬發起了禁書運動,在租用的一輛被稱之為“淫穢書籍曝光車”所展示的不宜閱讀的書籍中,《兒子與情人》被列在首當其衝的位置。
《兒子與情人》視角獨特,對人性中隱秘的“戀母情結”有深刻、形象的挖掘。一般認為,小說中的兒子保羅就是勞倫斯的化身,而莫雷爾太太就是勞倫斯的母親莉蒂婭,保羅的女友米麗安就是勞倫斯的初戀情人傑茜。
《兒子與情人》的主綫之一是以勞倫斯和傑茜的私情為藍本,而勞倫斯母親那強烈變態的母愛足以扼殺勞倫斯任何正常的愛情。勞倫斯曾對自己的情人說:“你知道我一直愛我的母親。我像情人一樣愛她,所以我總也無法愛你。”這些折磨人的日子在《兒子與情人》中有很詳盡的描述。
《兒子與情人》-小說背景
小說背景是勞倫斯的出生地——諾丁漢郡礦區。父親莫瑞爾是礦工,由於長年沉重的勞動和煤井事故使他變得脾氣暴躁,母親出身
於中産家庭,有一定教養。結婚後,夫婦不和,母親開始厭棄丈夫,把全部感情和希望傾註在孩子身上,由此産生畸形的母愛。長子威廉為倫敦律師當文書,但為了掙錢勞累致死。母親從此對小兒子保羅寄予厚望。小說前半部着重寫了保羅和其母親之間奧狄甫斯式的感情。後半部則着重寫了保羅和兩位情人剋拉拉和米裏艾姆之間兩種不同的愛。前者情欲愛,後者是柏拉圖式的精神之戀。保羅在母親陰影之下,無法選擇自己的生活道路。直到母親病故後,他纔擺脫了束縛,離別故土和情人,真正成人。
勞倫斯通過現實主義和心理分析的寫作方法,描寫了十九世紀末葉英國工業社會中下層人民的生活和特定環境下母子間和兩性間的復雜、變態的心理。他強調人的原始本能,把理智作為壓抑天性的因素加以摒棄,主張充分發揮人的本能。小說中,勞倫斯還對英國生活中工業化物質文明和商業精神進行了批判。
《兒子與情人》-內容介紹
《兒子與情人》小說主人公保羅的父母莫瑞爾夫婦。他們兩人是在一次舞會上結識的,可以說是一見鐘情,婚後也過了一段甜蜜、幸福的日子。但是,兩人由於出身不同,性格不合,精神追求迥異,在短暫的激情過後,之間便産生了無休止的唇槍舌劍,丈夫甚至動起手來,還把懷有身孕的妻子關在門外。
小說中的夫婦之間衹有肉體的結合,而沒有精神的溝通、靈魂的共鳴。父親是一位渾渾噩噩的煤礦工人,貪杯,粗俗,常常把傢裏的事和孩子們的前程置之度外。母親出身於中産階級,受過教育,對嫁給一個平凡的礦工耿耿於懷,直到對丈夫完全絶望。於是,她把時間、精力和全部精神希冀轉移、傾註到由於肉體結合而降生於人世間的大兒子威廉和二兒子保羅身上。
她竭力阻止兒子步父親的後塵,下井挖煤;她千方百計敦促他們跳出下層人的圈子,出人頭地,實現她在丈夫身上未能實現的精神追求。她的一言一行、一舉一動不但拉大了她和丈夫之間的距離,並最終使之成為不可逾越的鴻溝,而且影響了子女,使他們與母親結成牢固的統一戰綫,去共同對付那雖然肉體依舊光滑、健壯,而精神日漸衰敗、枯竭的父親。
母親和孩子們的統一戰綫給孤立無援的父親帶來了痛苦和災難,也沒有給莫瑞爾傢裏的任何其他一個人帶來好處。發生在父母身上那無休止的衝突,特別是無法和解的靈與肉的撞擊重演在母親和兒子的身上。相比之下,夫妻之間的不和對莫瑞爾太太來說並沒有帶來太大的精神上的折磨,因為她對丈夫失去了信心,而且本來就沒有抱多大的希望。
沒有讓母親揚眉吐氣的大兒子死後,二兒子保羅就逐漸成了母親惟一的精神港灣,也成了母親發泄無名之火和內心痛苦的一個渠道。她愛兒子,恨鐵不成鋼,一個勁兒地鼓勵、督促保羅成名成傢,躋身於上流社會,為母親爭光爭氣;她也想方設法從精神上控製兒子,使他不移情他人,特別是別的女人,以便滿足自己婚姻的缺憾。這種強烈的帶占有性質的愛使兒子感到窒息,迫使他一有機會就設法逃脫。而在短暫的逃離中,他又常常被母親那無形的精神枷鎖牽引着,痛苦得不能自已。
和女友米莉安的交往過程也是年輕的保羅經歷精神痛苦的過程。他們由於興趣相投,接觸日漸頻繁,産生了感情,成了一對應該說是十分相配的戀人。然而可悲的是,米莉安也過分追求精神滿足,非但缺乏激情,而且像保羅的母親一樣,企圖從精神上占有保羅,從靈魂上吞噬保羅。這使她與保羅的母親成了針鋒相對的“情敵”,命裏註定要敗在那占有欲更強,又可依賴血緣關係輕易占上風的老太太手下。
保羅身邊的另一個名叫剋拉拉的女人同樣是一個靈與肉相分離的畸形人。她生活在社會下層,與丈夫分居,一段時間內與保羅打得火熱。保羅從這位“蕩婦”身上得到肉體上的滿足。然而這種“狂歡式”的融合,是一種沒有生命力的、一瞬即逝的結合。由於從米莉安身上找不到安慰,保羅需要從心理上尋求自我平衡,需要從性上證明自己的男性能力。由於從丈夫身上得不到滿足,剋拉拉也需要展示自己的魅力,從肉體上尋求自我平衡。
做為母親,與兒子尤其是與二兒子保羅之間的情結,那種撕肝裂肺的靈魂上的爭鬥則給可憐的母親帶來了無法愈合的創傷,直到她鬱鬱寡歡,無可奈何,離開人世。
《兒子與情人》-人物分析
《兒子與情人》中,保羅母親對丈夫的失望、不滿和怨恨使莫瑞爾太太把自己的感情、愛憐和精神寄托轉嚮了兒子,或者說,莫瑞爾太太把自己經歷過的精神磨難和一心要解决的問題“折射”到了兒子的身上,於是一場靈與肉的衝撞又在母子之間展開。
母親的這種性變態使兒子心酸,惆悵,無所適從。有了母親,保羅就無法去愛別的女人。在母親幾乎是聲嘶力竭地哀嘆“我從來沒有過一個丈夫”、一個“真正”的丈夫時,保羅禁不住深情地撫摸起母親的頭髮,熱吻起母親的喉頸。這種“戀母情結”在很大程度上變成了一種“固戀”,使他失去了感情和理智的和諧,失去了“本我”和 “超自我”之間的平衡。因此,保羅的情感無法發展、升華,他的性心理性格無法完善、成熟,從而導致了他一生的痛苦和悲劇。
幼年時期的“戀母”情結,使保羅成了感情上和精神上的“癡呆兒”。他雖然愛戀着米莉安,但卻不能像一位正常的血肉之軀,理直氣壯地去愛她。這不但使自己陷入了睏境,也給米莉安造成了巨大的精神痛苦。保羅見不到米莉安的時候會感到悶得慌,可是一旦跟她在一起卻要爭爭吵吵,因為米莉安總是顯得“超凡脫俗”或非常地“精神化”,使保羅覺得像跟母親在一起那樣不自在。
保羅衹要跟別的女人在一起,靈魂就會被母親那無形的精神枷鎖控製着,感到左右為難,無法獲得自由。在他和米莉安儼然像一對夫婦在親戚傢生活的日子裏,保羅得到了米莉安的肉體,而在精神上,保羅仍然屬於自己的母親。米莉安衹是帶着濃厚的宗教成分,為了心愛的人做出了 “犧牲”。所以,在那段日子裏,他們也並沒有能夠享受青年男女之間本該享受到的愉悅。實際上,肉體間的苟合,衹是加速了他們之間愛情悲劇的進程。
在這一次次靈與肉的衝撞後,小說中的主要人物一個個傷痕纍纍,肉體和精神均遭受了巨大的摧殘。保羅的父親在傢裏、在親人面前永遠成為格格不入的“邊緣人”。保羅的母親在精神上從來沒有過一個“真正的丈夫”,衹能從兒子身上尋找情感的慰藉,而這種努力又常常被其他女人所挫敗,後來心理、生理衰竭,得了不治之癥,早早撒手人寰。米莉安雖然苦苦掙紮,忍辱負重,但並沒有得到保羅的心,保羅直到擺脫母親的精神羈絆,可以與她重歸於好,永結良緣時,最終還是狠下心來,拒絶了她的婚求,孑然一人,繼續做精神上的掙紮。
衹沉迷於肉體欲望的剋拉拉也很快結束了與保羅的風流,回到性格粗俗、暴烈、無所作為的丈夫身邊。可以說,在這些靈與肉的衝撞中,我們看到的是一個個沮喪、可悲的失敗者,找不到一個最終的贏傢。其實,在人們賴以繁衍生息的大自然被破壞,在人性被扭麯,在人類的和諧關係不斷被威脅的社會中,靈與肉的爭鬥本來就是殘酷無情的,到頭來誰也成不了贏傢,成不了一個完整的、有血有肉的人。
《兒子與情人》-作品影響
《兒子與情人》是勞倫斯在一次世界大戰之前最優秀的作品之一。戴維•赫伯特•勞倫斯是一位天才的作傢,他的作品洞察人類生命中最深層的領地—人的心理,生動描述人類諸如掙紮、痛苦、危機、歡娛等種種情感和感受。他致力於開啓人類心深處的“黑匣子”,穿透意識的表面,觸及隱藏的血的關聯“,從而揭示原型的自我。
在這部小說裏,他對女性的心理進行了大膽、透徹的探索,其小說中的女性也因此體現出更為強烈的審美情趣和藝術表現力,細膩準確地反映出勞倫斯的寫作主題。
戴維•赫伯特•勞倫斯用精神分析的方法對《兒子與情人》中的三種女性愛情心理模式進行描述,這三種模式將成為此論文的三部分。第一部分—精神模式,,此模式對本能的欲望進行抵製和輕視。《兒子與情人》中的米莉亞姆就是這個模式的典型代表。第二部分 ——肉欲模式,這種心理會放縱她們自己個人的本能的欲望而又忽視了靈魂的交流。這部小說中的剋拉拉就是一個典型的例子。第三部分——情節模式,這種模式對某個東西或某一種感情顯示出一種極端的態度。莫瑞爾太太就這樣的一個對家庭和兒子們有極端的占有欲的女人。
戴維•赫伯特•勞倫斯通過對《兒子與情人》中的三種女性愛情心理模式的分析,闡述其局限性,揭示健康自然的女性愛情心理,對於成就完整的生命及追求中女性的成功有重要作用。
Plot introduction and history
The third published novel of D. H. Lawrence, taken by many to be his earliest masterpiece, tells the story of Paul Morel, a young man and budding artist. Richard Aldington explains the semi-autobiographical nature of this masterpiece:
When you have experienced Sons and Lovers you have lived through the agonies of the young Lawrence striving to win free from his old life. Generally, it is not only considered as an evocative portrayal of working-class life in a mining community, but also an intense study of family, class and early sexual relationships.[citation needed]
The original 1913 edition was heavily edited by Edward Garnett who removed 80 passages, roughly a tenth of the text. The novel is dedicated to Garnett. Garnett, as the literary advisor to the publishing firm Duckworth, was an important figure in leading Lawrence further into the London literary world during the years 1911 and 1912. It was not until the 1992 Cambridge University Press edition was released that the missing text was restored.
Lawrence began working on the novel in the period of his mother's illness, and often expresses this sense of his mother's wasted life through his female protagonist Gertrude Morel. Letters written around the time of its development clearly demonstrate the admiration he felt for his mother - viewing her as a 'clever, ironical, delicately moulded woman' - and her apparently unfortunate marriage to his coal mining father, a man of 'sanguine temperament' and instability. He believed that his mother had married below her class status. Rather interestingly, Lydia Lawrence wasn't born into the middle-class. This personal family conflict experienced by Lawrence provided him with the impetus for the first half of his novel - in which both William, the older brother, and Paul Morel become increasingly contemptuous of their father - and the subsequent exploration of Paul Morel's antagonizing relationships with both his lovers, which are both invariably affected by his allegiance to his mother.
The first draft of Lawrence's novel is now lost and was never completed, which seems to be directly due to his mother's illness. He did not return to the novel for three months, at which point it was titled 'Paul Morel'. The penultimate draft of the novel coincided with a remarkable change in Lawrence's life, as his health was thrown into tumult and he resigned his teaching job in order to spend time in Germany. This plan was never followed, however, as he met and married the German minor aristocrat, Frieda Weekley. According to Frieda's account of their first meeting, she and Lawrence talked about Oedipus and the effects of early childhood on later life within twenty minutes of meeting.
The third draft of 'Paul Morel' was sent to the publishing house Heinemann, which was repulsively responded to by William Heinemann himself. His reaction captures the shock and newness of Lawrence's novel, 'the degradation of the mother [as explored in this novel], supposed to be of gentler birth, is almost inconceivable', and encouraged Lawrence to redraft the novel one more time. In addition to altering the title to a more thematic 'Sons and Lovers', Heinemann's response had reinvigorated Lawrence into vehemently defending his novel and its themes as a coherent work of art. In order to justify its form Lawrence explains, in letters to Garnett, that it is a 'great tragedy' and a 'great book', one that mirrors the 'tragedy of thousands of young men in England'.
Explanation of the novel's title
Lawrence rewrote the work four times until he was happy with it. Although before publication the work was usually called Paul Morel, Lawrence finally settled on Sons and Lovers. Just as the new title makes the work less focused on a central character, many of the later additions broadened the scope of the work, thereby making the work less autobiographical. While some of the edits by Garnett were on the grounds of propriety or style, others would once more narrow the emphasis back upon Paul.
Plot summary
Part I:
The refined daughter of a "good old burgher family," Gertrude Coppard meets a rough-hewn miner at a Christmas dance and falls into a whirlwind romance. But soon after her marriage to Walter Morel, she realizes the difficulties of living off his meagre salary in a rented house. The couple fight and drift apart and Walter retreats to the pub after work each day. Gradually, Mrs. Morel's affections shift to her sons beginning with the oldest, William.
As a boy, William is so attached to his mother that he doesn't enjoy the fair without her. As he grows older, he defends her against his father's occasional violence. Eventually, he leaves their Nottinghamshire home for a job in London, where he begins to rise up into the middle class. He is engaged, but he detests the girl's superficiality. He dies and Mrs. Morel is heartbroken, but when Paul catches pneumonia she rediscovers her love for her second son.
Part II:
Both repulsed by and drawn to his mother, Paul is afraid to leave her but wants to go out on his own, and needs to experience love. Gradually, he falls into a relationship with Miriam, a farm girl who attends his church. The two take long walks and have intellectual conversations about books but Paul resists, in part because his mother looks down on her. At work, Paul meets Clara Dawes who has separated from her husband, Baxter.
Paul leaves Miriam behind as he grows more intimate with Clara, but even she cannot hold him and he returns to his mother. When his mother dies soon after, he is alone.
Lawrence summarized the plot in a letter to Edward Garnett on 12 November 1912:
It follows this idea: a woman of character and refinement goes into the lower class, and has no satisfaction in her own life. She has had a passion for her husband, so her children are born of passion, and have heaps of vitality. But as her sons grow up she selects them as lovers — first the eldest, then the second. These sons are urged into life by their reciprocal love of their mother — urged on and on. But when they come to manhood, they can't love, because their mother is the strongest power in their lives, and holds them. It's rather like Goethe and his mother and Frau von Stein and Christiana — As soon as the young men come into contact with women, there's a split. William gives his sex to a fribble, and his mother holds his soul. But the split kills him, because he doesn't know where he is. The next son gets a woman who fights for his soul — fights his mother. The son loves his mother — all the sons hate and are jealous of the father. The battle goes on between the mother and the girl, with the son as object. The mother gradually proves stronger, because of the ties of blood. The son decides to leave his soul in his mother's hands, and, like his elder brother go for passion. He gets passion. Then the split begins to tell again. But, almost unconsciously, the mother realizes what is the matter, and begins to die. The son casts off his mistress, attends to his mother dying. He is left in the end naked of everything, with the drift towards death.
Literary significance & criticism
In 1999, the Modern Library ranked Sons and Lovers ninth on a list of the 100 best novels in English of the 20th century.
It contains a frequently quoted use of the English dialect word "nesh". The speech of several protagonists is represented in Lawrence's written interpretation of the Nottinghamshire dialect, which also features in several of his poems .
Film, TV or theatrical adaptations
Main article: Sons and Lovers (film)
Sons and Lovers has been adapted for the screen several times, including the Academy Award winning 1960 film, a 1981 BBC TV serial and another on ITV1 in 2003. The 2003 serial has been issued on DVD by Acorn Media UK.
Standard editions
* Sons and Lovers (1913), edited by Helen Baron and Carl Baron, Cambridge University Press, 1992, ISBN 0-521-24276-2
* Paul Morel (1911–12), edited by Helen Baron, Cambridge University Press, 2003, ISBN 0-521-56009-8, an early manuscript version of Sons and Lovers
《兒子與情人》視角獨特,對人性中隱秘的“戀母情結”有深刻、形象的挖掘。一般認為,小說中的兒子保羅就是勞倫斯的化身,而莫雷爾太太就是勞倫斯的母親莉蒂婭,保羅的女友米麗安就是勞倫斯的初戀情人傑茜。
《兒子與情人》的主綫之一是以勞倫斯和傑茜的私情為藍本,而勞倫斯母親那強烈變態的母愛足以扼殺勞倫斯任何正常的愛情。勞倫斯曾對自己的情人說:“你知道我一直愛我的母親。我像情人一樣愛她,所以我總也無法愛你。”這些折磨人的日子在《兒子與情人》中有很詳盡的描述。
《兒子與情人》-小說背景
小說背景是勞倫斯的出生地——諾丁漢郡礦區。父親莫瑞爾是礦工,由於長年沉重的勞動和煤井事故使他變得脾氣暴躁,母親出身
於中産家庭,有一定教養。結婚後,夫婦不和,母親開始厭棄丈夫,把全部感情和希望傾註在孩子身上,由此産生畸形的母愛。長子威廉為倫敦律師當文書,但為了掙錢勞累致死。母親從此對小兒子保羅寄予厚望。小說前半部着重寫了保羅和其母親之間奧狄甫斯式的感情。後半部則着重寫了保羅和兩位情人剋拉拉和米裏艾姆之間兩種不同的愛。前者情欲愛,後者是柏拉圖式的精神之戀。保羅在母親陰影之下,無法選擇自己的生活道路。直到母親病故後,他纔擺脫了束縛,離別故土和情人,真正成人。
勞倫斯通過現實主義和心理分析的寫作方法,描寫了十九世紀末葉英國工業社會中下層人民的生活和特定環境下母子間和兩性間的復雜、變態的心理。他強調人的原始本能,把理智作為壓抑天性的因素加以摒棄,主張充分發揮人的本能。小說中,勞倫斯還對英國生活中工業化物質文明和商業精神進行了批判。
《兒子與情人》-內容介紹
《兒子與情人》小說主人公保羅的父母莫瑞爾夫婦。他們兩人是在一次舞會上結識的,可以說是一見鐘情,婚後也過了一段甜蜜、幸福的日子。但是,兩人由於出身不同,性格不合,精神追求迥異,在短暫的激情過後,之間便産生了無休止的唇槍舌劍,丈夫甚至動起手來,還把懷有身孕的妻子關在門外。
小說中的夫婦之間衹有肉體的結合,而沒有精神的溝通、靈魂的共鳴。父親是一位渾渾噩噩的煤礦工人,貪杯,粗俗,常常把傢裏的事和孩子們的前程置之度外。母親出身於中産階級,受過教育,對嫁給一個平凡的礦工耿耿於懷,直到對丈夫完全絶望。於是,她把時間、精力和全部精神希冀轉移、傾註到由於肉體結合而降生於人世間的大兒子威廉和二兒子保羅身上。
她竭力阻止兒子步父親的後塵,下井挖煤;她千方百計敦促他們跳出下層人的圈子,出人頭地,實現她在丈夫身上未能實現的精神追求。她的一言一行、一舉一動不但拉大了她和丈夫之間的距離,並最終使之成為不可逾越的鴻溝,而且影響了子女,使他們與母親結成牢固的統一戰綫,去共同對付那雖然肉體依舊光滑、健壯,而精神日漸衰敗、枯竭的父親。
母親和孩子們的統一戰綫給孤立無援的父親帶來了痛苦和災難,也沒有給莫瑞爾傢裏的任何其他一個人帶來好處。發生在父母身上那無休止的衝突,特別是無法和解的靈與肉的撞擊重演在母親和兒子的身上。相比之下,夫妻之間的不和對莫瑞爾太太來說並沒有帶來太大的精神上的折磨,因為她對丈夫失去了信心,而且本來就沒有抱多大的希望。
沒有讓母親揚眉吐氣的大兒子死後,二兒子保羅就逐漸成了母親惟一的精神港灣,也成了母親發泄無名之火和內心痛苦的一個渠道。她愛兒子,恨鐵不成鋼,一個勁兒地鼓勵、督促保羅成名成傢,躋身於上流社會,為母親爭光爭氣;她也想方設法從精神上控製兒子,使他不移情他人,特別是別的女人,以便滿足自己婚姻的缺憾。這種強烈的帶占有性質的愛使兒子感到窒息,迫使他一有機會就設法逃脫。而在短暫的逃離中,他又常常被母親那無形的精神枷鎖牽引着,痛苦得不能自已。
和女友米莉安的交往過程也是年輕的保羅經歷精神痛苦的過程。他們由於興趣相投,接觸日漸頻繁,産生了感情,成了一對應該說是十分相配的戀人。然而可悲的是,米莉安也過分追求精神滿足,非但缺乏激情,而且像保羅的母親一樣,企圖從精神上占有保羅,從靈魂上吞噬保羅。這使她與保羅的母親成了針鋒相對的“情敵”,命裏註定要敗在那占有欲更強,又可依賴血緣關係輕易占上風的老太太手下。
保羅身邊的另一個名叫剋拉拉的女人同樣是一個靈與肉相分離的畸形人。她生活在社會下層,與丈夫分居,一段時間內與保羅打得火熱。保羅從這位“蕩婦”身上得到肉體上的滿足。然而這種“狂歡式”的融合,是一種沒有生命力的、一瞬即逝的結合。由於從米莉安身上找不到安慰,保羅需要從心理上尋求自我平衡,需要從性上證明自己的男性能力。由於從丈夫身上得不到滿足,剋拉拉也需要展示自己的魅力,從肉體上尋求自我平衡。
做為母親,與兒子尤其是與二兒子保羅之間的情結,那種撕肝裂肺的靈魂上的爭鬥則給可憐的母親帶來了無法愈合的創傷,直到她鬱鬱寡歡,無可奈何,離開人世。
《兒子與情人》-人物分析
《兒子與情人》中,保羅母親對丈夫的失望、不滿和怨恨使莫瑞爾太太把自己的感情、愛憐和精神寄托轉嚮了兒子,或者說,莫瑞爾太太把自己經歷過的精神磨難和一心要解决的問題“折射”到了兒子的身上,於是一場靈與肉的衝撞又在母子之間展開。
母親的這種性變態使兒子心酸,惆悵,無所適從。有了母親,保羅就無法去愛別的女人。在母親幾乎是聲嘶力竭地哀嘆“我從來沒有過一個丈夫”、一個“真正”的丈夫時,保羅禁不住深情地撫摸起母親的頭髮,熱吻起母親的喉頸。這種“戀母情結”在很大程度上變成了一種“固戀”,使他失去了感情和理智的和諧,失去了“本我”和 “超自我”之間的平衡。因此,保羅的情感無法發展、升華,他的性心理性格無法完善、成熟,從而導致了他一生的痛苦和悲劇。
幼年時期的“戀母”情結,使保羅成了感情上和精神上的“癡呆兒”。他雖然愛戀着米莉安,但卻不能像一位正常的血肉之軀,理直氣壯地去愛她。這不但使自己陷入了睏境,也給米莉安造成了巨大的精神痛苦。保羅見不到米莉安的時候會感到悶得慌,可是一旦跟她在一起卻要爭爭吵吵,因為米莉安總是顯得“超凡脫俗”或非常地“精神化”,使保羅覺得像跟母親在一起那樣不自在。
保羅衹要跟別的女人在一起,靈魂就會被母親那無形的精神枷鎖控製着,感到左右為難,無法獲得自由。在他和米莉安儼然像一對夫婦在親戚傢生活的日子裏,保羅得到了米莉安的肉體,而在精神上,保羅仍然屬於自己的母親。米莉安衹是帶着濃厚的宗教成分,為了心愛的人做出了 “犧牲”。所以,在那段日子裏,他們也並沒有能夠享受青年男女之間本該享受到的愉悅。實際上,肉體間的苟合,衹是加速了他們之間愛情悲劇的進程。
在這一次次靈與肉的衝撞後,小說中的主要人物一個個傷痕纍纍,肉體和精神均遭受了巨大的摧殘。保羅的父親在傢裏、在親人面前永遠成為格格不入的“邊緣人”。保羅的母親在精神上從來沒有過一個“真正的丈夫”,衹能從兒子身上尋找情感的慰藉,而這種努力又常常被其他女人所挫敗,後來心理、生理衰竭,得了不治之癥,早早撒手人寰。米莉安雖然苦苦掙紮,忍辱負重,但並沒有得到保羅的心,保羅直到擺脫母親的精神羈絆,可以與她重歸於好,永結良緣時,最終還是狠下心來,拒絶了她的婚求,孑然一人,繼續做精神上的掙紮。
衹沉迷於肉體欲望的剋拉拉也很快結束了與保羅的風流,回到性格粗俗、暴烈、無所作為的丈夫身邊。可以說,在這些靈與肉的衝撞中,我們看到的是一個個沮喪、可悲的失敗者,找不到一個最終的贏傢。其實,在人們賴以繁衍生息的大自然被破壞,在人性被扭麯,在人類的和諧關係不斷被威脅的社會中,靈與肉的爭鬥本來就是殘酷無情的,到頭來誰也成不了贏傢,成不了一個完整的、有血有肉的人。
《兒子與情人》-作品影響
《兒子與情人》是勞倫斯在一次世界大戰之前最優秀的作品之一。戴維•赫伯特•勞倫斯是一位天才的作傢,他的作品洞察人類生命中最深層的領地—人的心理,生動描述人類諸如掙紮、痛苦、危機、歡娛等種種情感和感受。他致力於開啓人類心深處的“黑匣子”,穿透意識的表面,觸及隱藏的血的關聯“,從而揭示原型的自我。
在這部小說裏,他對女性的心理進行了大膽、透徹的探索,其小說中的女性也因此體現出更為強烈的審美情趣和藝術表現力,細膩準確地反映出勞倫斯的寫作主題。
戴維•赫伯特•勞倫斯用精神分析的方法對《兒子與情人》中的三種女性愛情心理模式進行描述,這三種模式將成為此論文的三部分。第一部分—精神模式,,此模式對本能的欲望進行抵製和輕視。《兒子與情人》中的米莉亞姆就是這個模式的典型代表。第二部分 ——肉欲模式,這種心理會放縱她們自己個人的本能的欲望而又忽視了靈魂的交流。這部小說中的剋拉拉就是一個典型的例子。第三部分——情節模式,這種模式對某個東西或某一種感情顯示出一種極端的態度。莫瑞爾太太就這樣的一個對家庭和兒子們有極端的占有欲的女人。
戴維•赫伯特•勞倫斯通過對《兒子與情人》中的三種女性愛情心理模式的分析,闡述其局限性,揭示健康自然的女性愛情心理,對於成就完整的生命及追求中女性的成功有重要作用。
Plot introduction and history
The third published novel of D. H. Lawrence, taken by many to be his earliest masterpiece, tells the story of Paul Morel, a young man and budding artist. Richard Aldington explains the semi-autobiographical nature of this masterpiece:
When you have experienced Sons and Lovers you have lived through the agonies of the young Lawrence striving to win free from his old life. Generally, it is not only considered as an evocative portrayal of working-class life in a mining community, but also an intense study of family, class and early sexual relationships.[citation needed]
The original 1913 edition was heavily edited by Edward Garnett who removed 80 passages, roughly a tenth of the text. The novel is dedicated to Garnett. Garnett, as the literary advisor to the publishing firm Duckworth, was an important figure in leading Lawrence further into the London literary world during the years 1911 and 1912. It was not until the 1992 Cambridge University Press edition was released that the missing text was restored.
Lawrence began working on the novel in the period of his mother's illness, and often expresses this sense of his mother's wasted life through his female protagonist Gertrude Morel. Letters written around the time of its development clearly demonstrate the admiration he felt for his mother - viewing her as a 'clever, ironical, delicately moulded woman' - and her apparently unfortunate marriage to his coal mining father, a man of 'sanguine temperament' and instability. He believed that his mother had married below her class status. Rather interestingly, Lydia Lawrence wasn't born into the middle-class. This personal family conflict experienced by Lawrence provided him with the impetus for the first half of his novel - in which both William, the older brother, and Paul Morel become increasingly contemptuous of their father - and the subsequent exploration of Paul Morel's antagonizing relationships with both his lovers, which are both invariably affected by his allegiance to his mother.
The first draft of Lawrence's novel is now lost and was never completed, which seems to be directly due to his mother's illness. He did not return to the novel for three months, at which point it was titled 'Paul Morel'. The penultimate draft of the novel coincided with a remarkable change in Lawrence's life, as his health was thrown into tumult and he resigned his teaching job in order to spend time in Germany. This plan was never followed, however, as he met and married the German minor aristocrat, Frieda Weekley. According to Frieda's account of their first meeting, she and Lawrence talked about Oedipus and the effects of early childhood on later life within twenty minutes of meeting.
The third draft of 'Paul Morel' was sent to the publishing house Heinemann, which was repulsively responded to by William Heinemann himself. His reaction captures the shock and newness of Lawrence's novel, 'the degradation of the mother [as explored in this novel], supposed to be of gentler birth, is almost inconceivable', and encouraged Lawrence to redraft the novel one more time. In addition to altering the title to a more thematic 'Sons and Lovers', Heinemann's response had reinvigorated Lawrence into vehemently defending his novel and its themes as a coherent work of art. In order to justify its form Lawrence explains, in letters to Garnett, that it is a 'great tragedy' and a 'great book', one that mirrors the 'tragedy of thousands of young men in England'.
Explanation of the novel's title
Lawrence rewrote the work four times until he was happy with it. Although before publication the work was usually called Paul Morel, Lawrence finally settled on Sons and Lovers. Just as the new title makes the work less focused on a central character, many of the later additions broadened the scope of the work, thereby making the work less autobiographical. While some of the edits by Garnett were on the grounds of propriety or style, others would once more narrow the emphasis back upon Paul.
Plot summary
Part I:
The refined daughter of a "good old burgher family," Gertrude Coppard meets a rough-hewn miner at a Christmas dance and falls into a whirlwind romance. But soon after her marriage to Walter Morel, she realizes the difficulties of living off his meagre salary in a rented house. The couple fight and drift apart and Walter retreats to the pub after work each day. Gradually, Mrs. Morel's affections shift to her sons beginning with the oldest, William.
As a boy, William is so attached to his mother that he doesn't enjoy the fair without her. As he grows older, he defends her against his father's occasional violence. Eventually, he leaves their Nottinghamshire home for a job in London, where he begins to rise up into the middle class. He is engaged, but he detests the girl's superficiality. He dies and Mrs. Morel is heartbroken, but when Paul catches pneumonia she rediscovers her love for her second son.
Part II:
Both repulsed by and drawn to his mother, Paul is afraid to leave her but wants to go out on his own, and needs to experience love. Gradually, he falls into a relationship with Miriam, a farm girl who attends his church. The two take long walks and have intellectual conversations about books but Paul resists, in part because his mother looks down on her. At work, Paul meets Clara Dawes who has separated from her husband, Baxter.
Paul leaves Miriam behind as he grows more intimate with Clara, but even she cannot hold him and he returns to his mother. When his mother dies soon after, he is alone.
Lawrence summarized the plot in a letter to Edward Garnett on 12 November 1912:
It follows this idea: a woman of character and refinement goes into the lower class, and has no satisfaction in her own life. She has had a passion for her husband, so her children are born of passion, and have heaps of vitality. But as her sons grow up she selects them as lovers — first the eldest, then the second. These sons are urged into life by their reciprocal love of their mother — urged on and on. But when they come to manhood, they can't love, because their mother is the strongest power in their lives, and holds them. It's rather like Goethe and his mother and Frau von Stein and Christiana — As soon as the young men come into contact with women, there's a split. William gives his sex to a fribble, and his mother holds his soul. But the split kills him, because he doesn't know where he is. The next son gets a woman who fights for his soul — fights his mother. The son loves his mother — all the sons hate and are jealous of the father. The battle goes on between the mother and the girl, with the son as object. The mother gradually proves stronger, because of the ties of blood. The son decides to leave his soul in his mother's hands, and, like his elder brother go for passion. He gets passion. Then the split begins to tell again. But, almost unconsciously, the mother realizes what is the matter, and begins to die. The son casts off his mistress, attends to his mother dying. He is left in the end naked of everything, with the drift towards death.
Literary significance & criticism
In 1999, the Modern Library ranked Sons and Lovers ninth on a list of the 100 best novels in English of the 20th century.
It contains a frequently quoted use of the English dialect word "nesh". The speech of several protagonists is represented in Lawrence's written interpretation of the Nottinghamshire dialect, which also features in several of his poems .
Film, TV or theatrical adaptations
Main article: Sons and Lovers (film)
Sons and Lovers has been adapted for the screen several times, including the Academy Award winning 1960 film, a 1981 BBC TV serial and another on ITV1 in 2003. The 2003 serial has been issued on DVD by Acorn Media UK.
Standard editions
* Sons and Lovers (1913), edited by Helen Baron and Carl Baron, Cambridge University Press, 1992, ISBN 0-521-24276-2
* Paul Morel (1911–12), edited by Helen Baron, Cambridge University Press, 2003, ISBN 0-521-56009-8, an early manuscript version of Sons and Lovers
《戀愛中的女人》是D.H .勞倫斯最偉大、最有代表性、最臉炙人口的兩部長篇小說之一(另一部是《虹》),他本人也認為它是他的“最佳作品”;它以英國小說中沒有先例的熱情與深度探索了有關戀愛的心理問題,代表了勞倫斯作品的最高成就,因此它同《虹》成為了現代小說的先驅。
D.H.勞倫斯是英國小說傢、詩人、散文傢,20世紀英國最重要和最有爭議的小說傢之一,20世紀世界文壇上最有天分與影響力的人物之一。他與福斯特、喬伊斯、理查森、伍爾芙同是20世紀英國小說的創始人,是中國讀者最熟悉與喜愛的西方作傢之一。
As with most of Lawrence's works, Women in Love caused controversy over its sexual subject matter. One early reviewer said of it, "I do not claim to be a literary critic, but I know dirt when I smell it, and here is dirt in heaps — festering, putrid heaps which smell to high Heaven."
Plot summary
Ursula and Gudrun Brangwen are two sisters living in the Midlands of England in the 1910s. Ursula is a teacher, Gudrun an artist. They meet two men who live nearby, school inspector Rupert Birkin and coal-mine heir Gerald Crich. The four become friends. Ursula and Birkin become involved, and Gudrun eventually begins a love affair with Gerald.
All four are deeply concerned with questions of society, politics, and the relationship between men and women. At a party at Gerald's estate, Gerald's sister Diana drowns. Gudrun becomes the teacher and mentor of his youngest sister. Soon Gerald's coal-mine-owning father dies as well, after a long illness. After the funeral, Gerald goes to Gudrun's house and spends the night with her, while her parents sleep in another room.
Birkin asks Ursula to marry him, and she agrees. Gerald and Gudrun's relationship, however, becomes stormy. The four vacation in the Alps. Gudrun begins an intense friendship with Loerke, a physically puny but emotionally commanding artist from Dresden. Gerald, enraged by Loerke, by Gudrun's verbal abuse, and by his own destructive nature, tries to murder Gudrun. After failing, he retreats back over the mountains and falls to his death in the snow.
Publication
Women in Love was originally published in New York City as a limited edition (1250 books), available only to subscribers; this was due to the controversy caused by his previous work, The Rainbow. Originally, the two books were written as parts of a single novel. The publisher had decided to publish them separately and in rapid succession. The first book's treatment of sexuality, while tame by 21st Century standards, was rather too frank for the Edwardian era. There was an obscenity trial and The Rainbow was banned in the U.K. for 11 years, although it was available in the U.S. The publisher then backed out of publishing the second book in the U.K., so it first appeared in the U.S.
Film adaptation
Screenwriter and producer Larry Kramer and director Ken Russell adapted the novel in the Academy Award-winning 1969 film, Women in Love, (for which Glenda Jackson won for Best Actress). It was one of the first theatrical movies to show male genitals, when Gerald Crich (Oliver Reed) and Rupert Birkin (Alan Bates) wrestle in the nude in front of a roaring fireplace, in addition to several early skinny dipping shots and an explicit sequence of Birkin running naked in the forest after being hit on the head by his spurned former mistress, Hermione Roddice (Eleanor Bron).
Editions
* Women in Love (New York: Privately Printed by Thomas Seltzer, 1920).
* Women in Love (London: Martin Seeker, 1921).
* Women in Love, ed. Charles L. Ross (Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin, 1982).
* Women in Love, ed. David Farmer, Lindeth Vasey, and John Worthen (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987). This edition is a volume in The Cambridge Edition of the Letters and Works of D. H. Lawrence
* Women in Love, ed. David Farmer, Lindeth Vasey, and John Worthen [with an Introduction and Notes by Mark Kinkead-Weekes] (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1995).
* Women in Love, ed.David Bradshaw (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998)
* The First Women in Love (1916-17) edited by John Worthen and Lindeth Vasey,Cambridge University Press, 1998, ISBN 0-521-37326-3. This edition is a volume in The Cambridge Edition of the Letters and Works of D. H. Lawrence and displays significant differences to the final published version
* The 'Prologue' to Women in Love is a discarded section of an early version of the novel and is set four years after Gerald and Birkin have returned from a skiing holiday in Tyrol. It is published as an appendix to the Cambridge edition, pp489-506
* The First Women in Love Oneworld Classics, 2007, ISBN 978-1-84749-005-6
Literary criticism
* Richard Beynon, (ed.), D. H. Lawrence: The Rainbow and Women in Love (Cambridge: Icon Books, 1997).
* Michael Black (2001) Lawrence's England: The Major Fiction, 1913 - 1920 (Palgrave-MacMillan)
* Paul Delaney (1979) D. H. Lawrence's Nightmare: The Writer and his Circle in the Years of the Great War (Hassocks: Harvester Press)
* F. R. Leavis (1955) D. H. Lawrence: Novelist (London, Chatto and Windus)
* F. R. Leavis (1976) Thought, Words and Creativity: Art and Thought in D. H. Lawrence (London, Chatto and Windus)
* Joyce Carol Oates (1978) "Lawrence's Götterdämmerung: The Apocalyptic Vision of Women in Love"
* Charles L. Ross (1991) Women in Love: A Novel of Mythic Realism (Boston, Mass.: Twayne)
* John Worthen, The Restoration of Women in Love, in Peter Preston and Peter Hoare (eds.)(1989), D. H. Lawrence in the Modern World (London and Basingstoke: Macmillan), pp 7-26
D.H.勞倫斯是英國小說傢、詩人、散文傢,20世紀英國最重要和最有爭議的小說傢之一,20世紀世界文壇上最有天分與影響力的人物之一。他與福斯特、喬伊斯、理查森、伍爾芙同是20世紀英國小說的創始人,是中國讀者最熟悉與喜愛的西方作傢之一。
As with most of Lawrence's works, Women in Love caused controversy over its sexual subject matter. One early reviewer said of it, "I do not claim to be a literary critic, but I know dirt when I smell it, and here is dirt in heaps — festering, putrid heaps which smell to high Heaven."
Plot summary
Ursula and Gudrun Brangwen are two sisters living in the Midlands of England in the 1910s. Ursula is a teacher, Gudrun an artist. They meet two men who live nearby, school inspector Rupert Birkin and coal-mine heir Gerald Crich. The four become friends. Ursula and Birkin become involved, and Gudrun eventually begins a love affair with Gerald.
All four are deeply concerned with questions of society, politics, and the relationship between men and women. At a party at Gerald's estate, Gerald's sister Diana drowns. Gudrun becomes the teacher and mentor of his youngest sister. Soon Gerald's coal-mine-owning father dies as well, after a long illness. After the funeral, Gerald goes to Gudrun's house and spends the night with her, while her parents sleep in another room.
Birkin asks Ursula to marry him, and she agrees. Gerald and Gudrun's relationship, however, becomes stormy. The four vacation in the Alps. Gudrun begins an intense friendship with Loerke, a physically puny but emotionally commanding artist from Dresden. Gerald, enraged by Loerke, by Gudrun's verbal abuse, and by his own destructive nature, tries to murder Gudrun. After failing, he retreats back over the mountains and falls to his death in the snow.
Publication
Women in Love was originally published in New York City as a limited edition (1250 books), available only to subscribers; this was due to the controversy caused by his previous work, The Rainbow. Originally, the two books were written as parts of a single novel. The publisher had decided to publish them separately and in rapid succession. The first book's treatment of sexuality, while tame by 21st Century standards, was rather too frank for the Edwardian era. There was an obscenity trial and The Rainbow was banned in the U.K. for 11 years, although it was available in the U.S. The publisher then backed out of publishing the second book in the U.K., so it first appeared in the U.S.
Film adaptation
Screenwriter and producer Larry Kramer and director Ken Russell adapted the novel in the Academy Award-winning 1969 film, Women in Love, (for which Glenda Jackson won for Best Actress). It was one of the first theatrical movies to show male genitals, when Gerald Crich (Oliver Reed) and Rupert Birkin (Alan Bates) wrestle in the nude in front of a roaring fireplace, in addition to several early skinny dipping shots and an explicit sequence of Birkin running naked in the forest after being hit on the head by his spurned former mistress, Hermione Roddice (Eleanor Bron).
Editions
* Women in Love (New York: Privately Printed by Thomas Seltzer, 1920).
* Women in Love (London: Martin Seeker, 1921).
* Women in Love, ed. Charles L. Ross (Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin, 1982).
* Women in Love, ed. David Farmer, Lindeth Vasey, and John Worthen (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987). This edition is a volume in The Cambridge Edition of the Letters and Works of D. H. Lawrence
* Women in Love, ed. David Farmer, Lindeth Vasey, and John Worthen [with an Introduction and Notes by Mark Kinkead-Weekes] (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1995).
* Women in Love, ed.David Bradshaw (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998)
* The First Women in Love (1916-17) edited by John Worthen and Lindeth Vasey,Cambridge University Press, 1998, ISBN 0-521-37326-3. This edition is a volume in The Cambridge Edition of the Letters and Works of D. H. Lawrence and displays significant differences to the final published version
* The 'Prologue' to Women in Love is a discarded section of an early version of the novel and is set four years after Gerald and Birkin have returned from a skiing holiday in Tyrol. It is published as an appendix to the Cambridge edition, pp489-506
* The First Women in Love Oneworld Classics, 2007, ISBN 978-1-84749-005-6
Literary criticism
* Richard Beynon, (ed.), D. H. Lawrence: The Rainbow and Women in Love (Cambridge: Icon Books, 1997).
* Michael Black (2001) Lawrence's England: The Major Fiction, 1913 - 1920 (Palgrave-MacMillan)
* Paul Delaney (1979) D. H. Lawrence's Nightmare: The Writer and his Circle in the Years of the Great War (Hassocks: Harvester Press)
* F. R. Leavis (1955) D. H. Lawrence: Novelist (London, Chatto and Windus)
* F. R. Leavis (1976) Thought, Words and Creativity: Art and Thought in D. H. Lawrence (London, Chatto and Windus)
* Joyce Carol Oates (1978) "Lawrence's Götterdämmerung: The Apocalyptic Vision of Women in Love"
* Charles L. Ross (1991) Women in Love: A Novel of Mythic Realism (Boston, Mass.: Twayne)
* John Worthen, The Restoration of Women in Love, in Peter Preston and Peter Hoare (eds.)(1989), D. H. Lawrence in the Modern World (London and Basingstoke: Macmillan), pp 7-26
《查太萊夫人的情人》源於一個真實的故事,衹因書中有毫不避諱的性愛描寫,而曾一度列為禁書。從現今的文學作品來看,大膽而露骨的色情描寫,比比皆是,甚至並非出於情節需要,衹是為了滿足大衆窺私的欲望,而不惜筆墨大肆渲染。但是情色與色情終究是有差別的,情色給人帶來的是美感,是愉悅,是對人性的思考,能激發人對美好的嚮往;色情帶來的卻是污穢,是一時變態的瘋狂,而後留下的衹有空虛。
《查太萊夫人的情人》-作品影響
對於勞倫斯,性交是一種含蓄主義的藝術。在他化腐朽為神奇的文筆之下,性愛是一層深似一層,一次細過一次的飛逸着的旋渦,是曖昧而激情、細膩而詩意、深刻而又空虛的終級高潮。性在層層神秘和敏感的壓力下,仍然是男女之間最直接實際與最自然的交流。
勞倫斯和這本書,一直以來都是禁忌的代名詞,然而,“一旦能夠得到適當的處理,這部小說的重大意義便顯示出來”。勞倫斯認為一個人,不必定要求幸福,不必定要求偉大,但求知道“生活”,而做個真正的人。要做真正的人,要過真正的生活‘便要使生命澎湃般的激動。這種激動是從接觸 (Contact)中,從合一(togetherness)一起中産生出來的,而世界,正是通過這種人類原始情欲的面貌,來接近我們。
在一九二八——二九年兩年間,歐美文壇上最令人震驚、最引起爭執的書,大概莫過於勞倫斯(D.H.Lawrence)的這本《查太萊夫人的情人》了。跟着,一九三零年勞倫斯逝世。蓋冠論定,世界文壇又為這本書熱鬧了一番。在現世紀的小說傢中,决沒有一個象勞倫斯一樣,受過世人這樣殘酷地辱駡的;而同時,在英國現代作傢中,要找到一個象勞倫斯一樣的,受着精英的青年知識階級所極端崇拜的人,卻是罕見的,勞倫斯的這本書,把虛偽的衛道者們弄癲了,他把腐敗的近代文明的猙獰面孔,太不容情地暴露了。但是,勞倫斯卻在這些“狗人窮巷”的衛道者們的癲狂反攻之下,在這種近代文明的兇險的排擊之下,成為無辜的犧牲者:他的天才的壽命,給排山倒海的嘲諷和誹謗所結束了。現在,正如勞倫勞動保護夫人說,《查太萊夫人的情人》的作者,是象一隻小鳥似的,被埋葬在中海的燦爛的陽光之下的一個寂寞的墳墓裏了。但是,這本文藝傑構,卻在敵人的仇恨的但是無可奈何的沉默態度之下,繼續吐露光芒,它不但在近代文藝界放了一綫熔人的光彩,而且在近乎黑暗的生活下,燃起了一盞光亮的明燈。
《查太萊夫人的情人》-影片簡介
故事發生在一戰後的英格蘭。從戰場上歸來的剋利福特。查太萊爵士由於在戰爭中受傷而導致下半身癱瘓,終年衹能坐在輪椅上。查太萊和他的新婚妻子康妮回到老傢的莊園,準備過一種與世無爭的田園生活。年輕貌美的康妮是一個心地善良的女子,她明知等待着自己的將是漫長孤寂的日子,卻仍然接受了命運的安排,甘願留在丈夫身邊。
這天,康妮有事去找莊園的看林人米爾斯,米爾斯正在院子空地上淋浴。康妮無意間瞥見了他裸露而健壯的身體,不由在心裏蕩起一陣漣漪。米爾斯顯然也被典雅溫婉的康妮吸引住了。為了使傢族能夠傳承下去,剋利福特嚮康妮提出,希望她能給這個傢生個孩子,但卻遭到康妮的斷然拒絶。當晚的聖誕舞會上,客人們都在盡情狂歡,惟康妮獨坐一旁,心情鬱悶。爸爸和妹妹都為她擔心,紛紛勸她要珍惜自己的青春,要設法開闢自己的生活。
在妹妹希爾達的幫助下,剋利福特聘請了一位寡婦伯爾頓太太隨身伺候。康妮由此得以從病人身旁脫身,得到一些自由時間。康妮經常獨自到林間散步,和米爾斯有了一些接觸。天長日久,兩人逐漸産生了感情。康妮開始越來越不能忍受查太萊大宅中華麗但卻刻板蒼白的生活了,她覺得自己已被壓迫得奄奄一息,她嚮往外面的大自然,嚮往米爾斯身上煥發出來的活力。終於,康妮投入了米爾斯的懷抱。他們如癡如醉地做愛,這是兩個健康肉體之間的完滿的性愛、全身心投入的性愛、相互尊重理解善意回應的性愛,這種性愛由最初純粹的肉體吸引慢慢轉化成了一種靈魂的相互碰撞,米爾斯用愛撫與熱情使康妮變成了一個真正的女人,康妮驚奇地發現自己深深愛上了這個粗魯沒有文化但卻深沉熱情的男子。康妮和米爾斯成了靈欲合一的情人,當康妮晚上悄悄地從查太萊大宅裏跑嚮在一旁守候她的米爾斯的時候,她已經完全沉醉於這段感情了。
一個雨天,康妮與米爾斯在林中小屋幽會。激情澎湃的康妮衝嚮屋外,脫去身上的長袍,裸着身體在雨中奔跑,米爾斯也歡叫着追了出去。康妮完美無瑕的胴體在蔥緑的森林中顯得那麽自然和諧,兩人像快樂的精靈一樣在雨中嬉戲。之後,他們用鮮花裝點彼此,猶如回歸伊甸園的亞當與夏娃。這時,橫亙在他們之間的等級障礙早已蕩然無存。
終於,康妮懷上了米爾斯的孩子。在外出旅遊期間,她把自己的故事坦誠地告訴了希爾達,希爾達對康妮的做法不以為然,還積極地要為孩子物色一個貴族父親,卻被康妮拒絶。康妮難以割捨對米爾斯的思念,提前回到莊園,卻發現米爾斯迫於壓力已經辭職,並遭到毒打,被遣送到礦上燒煤。昔日的小木屋也已不再是他們的樂園,兩人似乎已經走投無路。
米爾斯决心離開英國,去加拿大謀生,康妮面臨抉擇。終於,康妮嚮剋利福特提出離婚,並告訴他,她所愛的人是看林人米爾斯。剋利福特得知後,猶如墮入陷阱的睏獸,狂怒道:“天哪!你竟和我的僕人發生關係!”最後,康妮與米爾斯這一對多難的情人終於相遇在前往加拿大的船上。兩個人的明天是光明而充滿希望的,康妮放棄了雍容奢華但卻死氣沉沉的貴婦生活,奔嚮了自由與愛情,兩個來自不同階層的人終於衝破世俗的障礙,獲得新生。
《查太萊夫人的情人》-作品背景
原著在英國被禁30年,出版該書的企鵝出版社被控出版淫穢作品,直至1960年纔被宣告無罪,小說亦同時解禁。由於小說的敏感,根據小說改編的電影同樣引起人們的普遍關註。
影片《查太萊夫人的情人》根據英國20世紀小說傢戴衛.赫伯特.勞倫斯創作於 1928年的同名小說改編。勞倫斯的這部經典名著自問世起就備受爭議,在英國被禁30年,但卻不妨礙世人對它的喜愛和傳閱。小說曾多次被搬上銀幕,1992年英國大導演肯。拉賽爾受BBC電視臺之邀,將其再度搬上銀幕,拍成了一部長達4個多小時、總共4集的電視劇,並剪輯出一個長約2小時、供影院放映的電影“縮減本”。
本片導演肯。拉賽爾以拍攝音樂傢傳記片而聞名。此前,他也曾兩度改編勞倫斯的小說《虹》和《戀愛中的女人》。
《查太萊夫人的情人》-主題思想
從福樓拜的《包法利夫人》、托爾斯泰的《安娜。卡列琳娜》到勞倫斯的《查太萊夫人的情人》,西方現代小說一直反復探討着一個主題,即在急遽變化的社會中,已婚女性對世俗的社會價值所做的反叛及其後果。本片再次以電影的形式對這一主題做出呼應。導演肯。拉塞爾力求忠實於勞倫斯的原著,保留了原著的大部分情節和對白,在結構上也沒有大的調整,比較準確地傳達出原著中所藴涵的深刻主題,以唯美的視覺語言揭示了女性獨立性意識的自我萌發和自我救贖。影片在揭示男女情愛的同時,將性愛描寫上升到哲學和美學的高度,伴隨着熾烈的性愛體驗的,則是對歷史、政治、宗教、經濟等社會問題的嚴肅思考。查太萊夫婦的結合是一種不和諧的畸形婚姻。半身癱瘓、失去男性能力的丈夫和正值芳年的妻子,這是一個殘酷的組合,何況剋利福特是個虛偽自私的人,在他的心目中,康妮衹不過是一件美麗的附庸和傳宗接代的工具。剋利福特不能滿足康妮的正常情欲,米爾斯則幫助康妮實現了自我,喚醒了她身上的女性本能。最終,兩人的契合由肉欲之愛升華到心靈的交融,康妮反叛了她所從屬的那個階級,在那個封建保守的時代,她的勇敢選擇,無疑具有女性個體的積極意義。
勞倫斯畢生致力於男女性愛題材小說的創作,他認為,小說《查泰萊夫人的情人》“最好拿給所有17歲的少女們看看”。在他看來,人類的性愛具有至高無上的價值。這個世界上,恐怕再沒有哪一個作傢能像勞倫斯那樣,以宗教般的熱忱贊美人間性愛、以細膩微妙的筆觸描繪兩性關係中那種欲仙欲死的至高境界。勞倫斯的小說一嚮以大膽而詳盡的性描寫著稱,導演肯.拉塞爾亦不愧為用視覺語言講述故事、編織情欲的高手,影片中性愛場面的展現不僅含蓄優美,而且富有詩意,導演沒有在情色場面上做過多的渲染和鋪陳,衹是點到為止,但卻將人體與情欲詩意化,將詩意視覺化,把影片主人公情感故事拍得恍若童話仙境。
本片的服裝和布景製作也十分考究,生動地再現了20世紀初葉英國上流社會的風情,通過女主角康妮那一款款優雅精緻的服飾、華麗而空洞的室內布景,以及考究的用具、繁瑣的生活細節,反襯出上流社會人們精神上的空虛與蒼白。
《查太萊夫人的情人》-勞倫斯私印、自售作品
《查太萊夫人的情人》勞倫斯
雖然在寫出《查太萊夫人的情人》之前,勞倫斯已以《彩虹》、《戀愛中的婦女》、《兒子與情人》等作品享有了相當名聲,可是,眼下的這部書,仍然叫出版商、朋友甚至勞倫斯自己感到為難。最後,勞倫斯衹好自己在異國去私自出版,出版後又自己發售。當然,正因為這種形式,也最早地、毋需官方認可地將這部註定要引起軒然大波的作品推嚮了社會。
1926年,勞倫斯便開始了《查太萊夫人的情人》的寫作,並在不算長的時間,完成了第一稿。當時,他已經在試圖聯繫出版了,可很快,他便打消了這樣的想法。他當時的心情是矛盾的。在緻某位出版界人士的信中,他開始了預先的辯解:
“關於我的小說《查太萊夫人的情人》,現在我真是左右為難,世人將會認為這部小說是不正派的。可你知道它並非不正派。我始終苦心孤詣地在做同一件事情,就是使人們在提到性關係時,應感到是正當和珍貴的,而不是羞愧。這部小說是我在這一方面所做的進一步努力。在我看來,性是美好的、溫柔的,但又如赤裸着的人那樣脆弱。”
勞倫斯仍在不停地調整着這部作品,第二稿、第三稿……可即使這樣,在現實社會中,他仍然由於這部作品而招致麻煩,他甚至找不到為他服務的打字員。勞倫斯當時住在意大利的佛羅倫薩,最先他找到當地一位願意替他打字的女子,可在打到第五章時,這位女子不幹了,將稿子退了回來,說她不能再打下去,因為作品內容太污穢、骯髒……
面對這樣的反應和自己的心理預期,勞倫斯一度不想出版這部作品,可是,一方面由於經濟壓力,一方面基於他倔強的性格,在1927年11月時,勞倫斯開始試圖私下印製《查太萊夫人的情人》了。由於自己的心理預感,他暫時不指望在英語世界的英國或美國謀求出版,而打算在意大利將它印出來。原因除去佛羅倫薩的印刷很便宜,還有身處異地,起碼不至於在印刷時便引起不必要的麻煩。
按勞倫斯當時的打算,自己私下印製,第一次印刷上700部,每册定價兩個畿尼(當時每畿尼相當21先令),這樣下來,就會賺到600到700英鎊。這在當時是一筆不小的收入了。不久,對此書銷售的估計和自己經濟拮据的壓迫,勞倫斯又想提高印數——1000部。按照先前定價,他就可以賺到1000英鎊。為了能夠為讀者接受,他甚至一度打算將這部作品名字改為《柔情蜜意》或《約翰•托馬斯和簡夫人》,因為這樣看起來沒有《查太萊夫人的情人》那樣刺眼。
在《查太萊夫人的情人》交付出版商之前,勞倫斯讓幾位友人讀了這部書稿。反應不一,有強烈反差。一些朋友認為這部書不錯,說他們“非常喜歡這本書”;一位女士在讀到這部小說後卻“大發雷霆”——道德上的憤怒。這反應使勞倫斯感到有趣起來。他給另一位還未讀到此書的友人說:“我希望你不會討厭這部小說—— 儘管你很可能不喜歡它。這部小說本身就是一場革命——一顆小小的炸彈。”
勞倫斯終於要將這炸彈引爆了。交出書稿幾天之後,勞倫斯便緻函美國詩人威特•賓納。他們兩人曾經一起去墨西哥旅行過。在信中,勞倫斯希望他能夠為此書做一些銷售工作。在給另一位住在紐約的漢密爾頓•埃姆斯夫人的信裏,勞倫斯也希望她能幫助銷售這部作品:“這是一部溫柔的,生殖器的小說。現在你結婚了,自然會理解它的。由於世俗的公衆容不得對生殖器的描寫,我衹得在這裏出版這部小說。如果你不嫌麻煩,請把那些訂單散發給那些願意購買這部小說的人們。我認為這部小說是值得一買的。”在給他在美國的文學代理人柯蒂斯•布朗的信中,勞倫斯寫的直捷得多:“我真希望這部小說能賣出一千册,或者賣出去大部分,否則我就會破産。我想直接把書給購買者寄去。我準備給你寄上一些訂單,你能否為我找一些訂購者?衹要他們寄來兩英鎊,我就會把書寄給他們。”當然,更多的訂單寄往了英國,這畢竟是勞倫斯的祖國。儘管他知道這顆“炸彈”的威力,可這裏也可能有更多的知音。
勞倫斯所尋找的佛羅倫薩這傢印刷廠,恰好印刷商和印刷廠都沒有人懂得英文。在勞倫斯看來,這倒成了自己的“福氣”。這傢印刷廠全部手工操作,排字很仔細,用的也是一種精緻的手工製作的意大利紙張,所以,印出的書效果十分吸引人。勞倫斯自己為這部小說設計封面:下部是火焰飛揚的紅色底子,中間一隻黑色的鳳凰圖案,頗有“鳳凰涅槃”的味道。這個圖案,後來正式出版的企鵝版封面也沿用了下來。
很快,勞倫斯的努力得到回報。先是他的祖國——英國——寄來了多份小說訂單,然後是美國,訂單也在逐漸寄回。這邊,勞倫斯在緊張地校對清樣。4月、5月、6月……到了28日這一天,這部註定要引發大震動的書——《查太萊夫人的情人》,按照勞倫斯自己堅持的書名出版了。
在勞倫斯祖國的英國,當時人們觀念還相當保守,所以,幫助他推銷該書的朋友,是冒着被判高額罰款的危險來工作的。一位英國的朋友後來回憶說,勞倫斯當時給他們的宣傳詞為:這是一部偉大的著作,是“二十世紀光榮的象徵。”這也許是激發他們甘冒風險的緣由之一。很快,英國的讀者産生了反應。接到友人告知消息的電報,勞倫斯既緊張又興奮:這部小說像一顆炸彈,在我大多數英國朋友中間爆炸開來,他們現在仍忍受着彈震癥的痛苦。“我感到我已扔出去一顆炸彈,來轟炸他們虛偽的性感和虛偽性……”
不過,一部分寄往美國的郵件被扣住了。可一切已經無法阻攔。書十分好銷,勞倫斯加印200册來應付,其餘的,就衹能看着盜印本橫行市場,藉此大賺其錢了。第一批書寄到美國不到一個月,偷印本便出來了。由於偷印本仿製水平很高,連書店老闆都辨認不出,並且售價高於原版:十五元,而原版價僅十元。很快,第二種、第三種……盜印本在紐約出現了。很快,倫敦和巴黎,《查太萊夫人的情人》的盜印本出籠了,售價高達每本三英鎊或兩英鎊。
巴黎一傢書店,一口氣自印了1500册,充斥市場。勞倫斯找來一本看看,衹能苦笑,因為盜印本還很認真地將原版中的一些錯誤給改正了。可這本印製很不錯的書沒有給勞倫斯帶來任何效益。它批發給書店是每本100法郎,賣給讀者成了300、400甚至500法郎。這些歐洲的盜印者甚至嚮勞倫斯提出建議,希望能夠給他們授權,承認他們的印本。這樣,勞倫斯就可以在盜印本中,抽取一些版稅。本來,勞倫斯幾乎都同意了這項建議,可自尊心最後阻止了他。他衹能决意在法國出一種自己認可的版本。自己祖國——英國的發行傢,勸勞倫斯將該書加以刪改,出一個“潔本”,並答應給他豐厚的報酬,可勞倫斯無法接受,他認為,那樣“就等於用剪刀裁剪我自己的鼻子。書流血了。”
可不管怎麽說,勞倫斯以私印、自售的方式推出《查太萊夫人的情人》,現在看來仍然是處理得當的一件事。如人們所知,該書後來被查禁多年,出版社正式出版全本(其間有刪節本印出),已是幾十年之後的事情。當初倘若勞倫斯不采取私印,自售方式,那麽,他在有生之年(書出版兩年之後的1930年2月,這位極具才華的作傢病逝),决然見不到這部作品問世。之後,一切事情决難預料。也許,他的手稿會隨時湮滅;那麽,一部註定要引起公衆興趣,法庭辯論,文學界長期討論的著述,就可能永久在黑暗中沉沒。最起碼,會推遲數十年問世。這種結果,或許作者本人已有預感,所以,采取非正常手段及時推出它,是十分必要的。
其次,《查太萊夫人的情人》的出版,僅僅從經濟角度考慮,它也達到了使勞倫斯擺脫睏窘的目的。儘管後來盜印本從中吮吸了作者大量的心血,可一千多部印本仍然為他賺了一千多英鎊。這個數目,在當時是相當大的。這使很長一段時間內,勞倫斯可以自足地對朋友說:“所以我現在不愁沒錢用了。”
在今天看來,勞倫斯産生最大影響的作品,依然是這册《查太萊夫人的情人》。這部作品,在多個國傢,在相當長時間,被禁止出版。在作者家乡本土的英國,這部書甚至被推上法庭。以該書出版八十年後的今天眼光看,《查太萊夫人的情人》還是如作者自己認識的:“是正當和珍貴的”,即使在性的描寫上,它也是“溫柔、敏感”,甚至是誠摯的。從這些方面去認識,當年勞倫斯以私印、自售的方式發行此書,可以說意義非常。
The story is said to have originated from events in Lawrence's own unhappy domestic life, and he took inspiration for the settings of the book from Eastwood in Nottinghamshire where he grew up. According to some critics, the fling of Lady Ottoline Morrell with "Tiger", a young stonemason who came to carve plinths for her garden statues, also influenced the story. Lawrence at one time considered calling the novel Tenderness and made significant alterations to the text and story in the process of its composition. It has been published in three different versions.
Plot introduction
The story concerns a young married woman, Constance (Lady Chatterley), whose upper-class husband, Clifford Chatterley, has been paralyzed and rendered impotent. Her sexual frustration leads her into an affair with the gamekeeper, Oliver Mellors. This novel is about Constance's realization that she cannot live with the mind alone; she must also be alive physically.
Main characters
* Lady Chatterley is the protagonist of the novel. Before her marriage, she is simply Constance Reid, an intellectual and social progressive from a Scottish bourgeois family, the daughter of Sir Malcolm and the sister of Hilda. When she marries Clifford Chatterley, a minor nobleman, Constance (or, as she is known throughout the novel, Connie) assumes his title, becoming Lady Chatterley. Lady Chatterley's Lover chronicles Connie's maturation as a woman and as a sensual being. She comes to despise her weak, ineffectual husband, and to love Oliver Mellors, the gamekeeper on her husband's estate. In the process of leaving her husband and conceiving a child with Mellors, Lady Chatterley moves from the heartless, bloodless world of the intelligentsia and aristocracy into a vital and profound connection rooted in sensuality and sexual fulfillment.
* Oliver Mellors is the lover in the novel's title. Mellors is the gamekeeper on Clifford Chatterley's estate, Wragby Hall. He is aloof, sarcastic, intelligent and noble. He was born near Wragby, and worked as a blacksmith until he ran off to the army to escape an unhappy marriage. In the army, he rose to become a commissioned lieutenant — an unusual position for a member of the working classes — but was forced to leave the army because of a case of pneumonia, which left him in poor health. Surprisingly, we learn from different characters' accounts that Mellors was in fact finely educated in his childhood, has good table manners, is an extensive reader, and can speak English 'like a gentleman', but chooses to behave like a commoner and speak broad Derbyshire dialect, probably in an attempt to fit into his own community. Disappointed by a string of unfulfilling love affairs, Mellors lives in quiet isolation, from which he is redeemed by his relationship with Connie: the passion unleashed by their lovemaking forges a profound bond between them. At the end of the novel, Mellors is fired from his job as gamekeeper and works as a laborer on a farm, waiting for a divorce from his old wife so he can marry Connie. Mellors is a man with an innate nobility but who remains impervious to the pettiness and emptiness of conventional society, with access to a primal flame of passion and sensuality.
* Clifford Chatterley is Connie's husband. Clifford Chatterley is a young, handsome baronet who becomes paralyzed from the waist down during World War I. As a result of his injury, Clifford is impotent. He retires to his familial estate, Wragby Hall, where he becomes first a successful writer, and then a powerful businessman. But the gap between Connie and him grows ever wider; obsessed with financial success and fame, he is not truly interested in love, and she feels that he has become passionless and empty. He turns for solace to his nurse and companion, Mrs. Bolton, who worships him as a nobleman even as she despises him for his casual arrogance. Clifford is portrayed as a weak, vain man, but declares his right to rule the lower classes, and he soullessly pursues money and fame through industry and the meaningless manipulation of words. His impotence is symbolic of his failings as a strong, sensual man, and could also represent the increasing loss of importance and influence of the ruling classes in a modern world.
* Mrs. Bolton, also known as Ivy Bolton, is Clifford's nurse and caretaker. She is a competent, still-attractive middle-aged woman. Years before the action in this novel, her husband died in an accident in the mines owned by Clifford's family. Even as Mrs. Bolton resents Clifford as the owner of the mines — and, in a sense, the murderer of her husband — she still maintains a worshipful attitude towards him as the representative of the upper class. Her relationship with Clifford - she simultaneously adores and despises him, while he depends and looks down on her - is probably one of the most complex relationships in the novel.
* Michaelis is a successful Irish playwright with whom Connie has an affair early in the novel. Michaelis asks Connie to marry him, but she decides not to, realizing that he is like all other intellectuals: a slave to success, a purveyor of vain ideas and empty words, passionless.
* Hilda Reid is Connie's older sister by two years, the daughter of Sir Malcolm. Hilda shared Connie's cultured upbringing and intellectual education. She remains unliberated by the raw sensuality that changed Connie's life. She disdains Connie's lover, Mellors, as a member of the lower classes, but in the end she helps Connie to leave Clifford.
* Sir Malcolm Reid is the father of Connie and Hilda. He is an acclaimed painter, an aesthete and a bohemian who despises Clifford for his weakness and impotence, and who immediately warms to Mellors.
* Tommy Dukes, one of Clifford's contemporaries, is a brigadier general in the British Army and a clever and progressive intellectual. Lawrence intimates, however, that Dukes is a representative of all intellectuals: all talk and no action. Dukes speaks of the importance of sensuality, but he himself is incapable of sensuality and uninterested in sex. Of Clifford's circle of friends, he is the one who Connie becomes closest to.
* Duncan Forbes is an artist friend of Connie and Hilda. Forbes paints abstract canvases, a form of art Mellors seems to despise. He once loved Connie, and Connie originally claims to be pregnant with his child.
* Bertha Coutts, although never actually appearing in the novel, has her presence felt. She is Mellors' wife, separated from him but not divorced. Their marriage faltered because of their sexual incompatibility: she was too rapacious, not tender enough. She returns at the end of the novel to spread rumors about Mellors' infidelity to her, and helps get him fired from his position as gamekeeper. As the novel concludes, Mellors is in the process of divorcing her.
Themes
In Lady Chatterley's Lover, Lawrence comes full circle to argue once again for individual regeneration, which can be found only through the relationship between man and woman (and, he asserts sometimes, man and man). Love and personal relationships are the threads that bind this novel together. Lawrence explores a wide range of different types of relationships. The reader sees the brutal, bullying relationship between Mellors and his wife Bertha, who punishes him by preventing his pleasure. There is Tommy Dukes, who has no relationship because he cannot find a woman whom he respects intellectually and, at the same time, finds desirable. There is also the perverse, maternal relationship that ultimately develops between Clifford and Mrs. Bolton, his caring nurse, after Connie has left.
Mind and body
Richard Hoggart argues that the main subject of Lady Chatterley's Lover is not the sexual passages that were the subject of such debate but the search for integrity and wholeness. Key to this integrity is cohesion between the mind and the body for "body without mind is brutish; mind without body...is a running away from our double being." Lady Chatterley's Lover focuses on the incoherence of living a life that is "all mind", which Lawrence saw as particularly true among the young members of the aristocratic classes, as in his description of Constance's and her sister Hilda's "tentative love-affairs" in their youth:
So they had given the gift of themselves, each to the youth with whom she had the most subtle and intimate arguments. The arguments, the discussions were the great thing: the love-making and connexion were only sort of primitive reversion and a bit of an anti-climax.
The contrast between mind and body can be seen in the dissatisfaction each has with their previous relationships: Constance's lack of intimacy with her husband who is "all mind" and Mellors's choice to live apart from his wife because of her "brutish" sexual nature. These dissatisfactions lead them into a relationship that builds very slowly and is based upon tenderness, physical passion, and mutual respect. As the relationship between Lady Chatterley and Mellors develops, they learn more about the interrelation of the mind and the body; she learns that sex is more than a shameful and disappointing act, and he learns about the spiritual challenges that come from physical love.
Neuro-psychoanalyst Mark Blechner identifies the "Lady Chatterley phenomenon" in which the same sexual act can affect people in different ways at different times, depending on their subjectivity. He bases it on the passage in which Lady Chatterley feels disengaged from Mellors and thinks disparagingly about the sex act: "And this time the sharp ecstasy of her own passion did not overcome her; she lay with hands inert on his striving body, and do what she might, her spirit seemed to look on from the top of her head, and the butting of his haunches seemed ridiculous to her, and the sort of anxiety of his penis to come to its little evacuating crisis seemed farcical. Yes, this was love, this ridiculous bouncing of the buttocks, and the wilting of the poor insignificant, moist little penis." Shortly thereafter, they make love again, and this time, she experiences enormous physical and emotional involvement: "And it seemed she was like the sea, nothing but dark waves rising and heaving, heaving with a great swell, so that slowly her whole darkness was in motion, and she was ocean rolling its dark, dumb mass."
Class system and social conflict
Besides the evident sexual content of the book, Lady Chatterley’s Lover also presents some views on the British social context of the early 20th century. For example, Constance’s social insecurity, arising from being brought up in an upper middle class background, in contrast with Sir Clifford’s social self-assurance, becomes more evident in passages such as:
Clifford Chatterley was more upper-class than Connie. Connie was well-to-do intelligentsia, but he was aristocracy. Not the big sort, but still it. His father was a baronet, and his mother had been a viscount’s daughter.
There are also signs of dissatisfaction and resentment of the Tevershall coal pit’s workers, the colliers, against Clifford, who owned the mines. By the time Clifford and Connie had moved to Wragby Hall, Clifford's father's estate in Nottinghamshire, the coal industry in England seemed to be in decline, although the coal pit still was a big part in the life of the neighbouring town of Tevershall. References to the concepts of anarchism, socialism, communism, and capitalism permeate the book. Union strikes were also a constant preoccupation in Wragby Hall. An argument between Clifford and Connie goes:
‘’Oh good!, said Connie. “If only there aren’t more strikes!”
“What would be the use of their striking again! Merely ruin the industry, what’s left of it; and surely the owls are beginning to see it!”
“Perhaps they don’t mind ruining the industry,” said Connie.
“Ah, don’t talk like a woman! The industry fills their bellies, even if it can’t keep their pockets quite so flush,” he said, using turns of speech that oddly had a twang of Mrs. Bolton.
The most obvious social contrast in the plot, however, is that of the affair of an aristocratic woman (Connie) with a working class man (Mellors). Mark Schorer, an American writer and literary critic, considers a familiar construction in D.H. Lawrence's works the forbidden love of a woman of relatively superior social situation who is drawn to an "outsider" (a man of lower social rank or a foreigner), in which the woman either resists her impulse or yields to it. Schorer believes the two possibilities were embodied, respectively, in the situation into which Lawrence was born, and that into which Lawrence married, therefore becoming a favorite topic in his work.
Controversy
An authorized abridgment of Lady Chatterley's Lover that was heavily censored was published in America by Alfred E. Knopf in 1928. This edition was subsequently reissued in paperback in America both by Signet Books and by Penguin Books in 1946.
British obscenity trial
When the full unexpurgated edition was published by Penguin Books in Britain in 1960, the trial of Penguin under the Obscene Publications Act of 1959 was a major public event and a test of the new obscenity law. The 1959 act (introduced by Roy Jenkins) had made it possible for publishers to escape conviction if they could show that a work was of literary merit. One of the objections was to the frequent use of the word "fuck" and its derivatives. Another objection involves the use of the word "cunt".
Various academic critics and experts of diverse kinds, including E. M. Forster, Helen Gardner, Richard Hoggart, Raymond Williams and Norman St John-Stevas, were called as witnesses, and the verdict, delivered on 2 November 1960, was "not guilty". This resulted in a far greater degree of freedom for publishing explicit material in the United Kingdom. The prosecution was ridiculed for being out of touch with changing social norms when the chief prosecutor, Mervyn Griffith-Jones, asked if it were the kind of book "you would wish your wife or servants to read".
The Penguin second edition, published in 1961, contains a publisher's dedication, which reads: "For having published this book, Penguin Books were prosecuted under the Obscene Publications Act, 1959 at the Old Bailey in London from 20 October to 2 November 1960. This edition is therefore dedicated to the twelve jurors, three women and nine men, who returned a verdict of 'Not Guilty' and thus made D. H. Lawrence's last novel available for the first time to the public in the United Kingdom."
In 2006, the trial was dramatised by BBC Wales as The Chatterley Affair.
Australia
Main article: Censorship in Australia
Not only was the book banned in Australia, but a book describing the British trial, The Trial of Lady Chatterley, was also banned. A copy was smuggled into the country and then published widely. The fallout from this event eventually led to the easing of censorship of books in the country, although the country still retains the Office of Film and Literature Classification. In early October 2009, the federal institution of Australia Post banned the sale of this book in their stores and outlets claiming that books of this nature don't fit in with the 'theme of their stores'.
Canada
In 1945, McGill University Professor of Law and Canadian modernist poet F. R. Scott appeared before the Supreme Court of Canada to defend Lady Chatterley's Lover from censorship. However, despite Scott's efforts, the book was banned in Canada for 30 years due to concerns about its use of "obscene language" and explicit depiction of sexual intercourse. On November 15, 1960 an Ontario panel of experts, appointed by Attorney General Kelso Roberts, found that novel was not obscene according to the Canadian Criminal Code.
United States
In 1930, Senator Bronson Cutting proposed an amendment to the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act, which was then being debated, ending the practice of having U.S. Customs censor allegedly obscene books imported to U.S. shores. Senator Reed Smoot vigorously opposed such an amendment, threatening to publicly read indecent passages of imported books in front of the Senate. Although he never followed through, he included Lady Chatterley's Lover as an example of an obscene book that must not reach domestic audiences, declaring "I've not taken ten minutes on Lady Chatterley's Lover, outside of looking at its opening pages. It is most damnable! It is written by a man with a diseased mind and a soul so black that he would obscure even the darkness of hell!"
Lady Chatterley's Lover was one of a trio of books (the others being Tropic of Cancer and Fanny Hill), the ban on which was fought and overturned in court with assistance by lawyer Charles Rembar in 1959.
A French film (1955) based on the novel and released by Kingsley Pictures was in the United States the subject of attempted censorship in New York on the grounds that it promoted adultery. The Supreme Court held that the law prohibiting its showing was a violation of the First Amendment's protection of Free Speech.
The book was famously distributed in the U.S. by Frances Steloff at the Gotham Book Mart, in defiance of the book ban.
Japan
The publication of a full translation of Lady Chatterley's Lover by Ito Sei in 1950 led to a famous obscenity trial in Japan, extending from May 8, 1951 to January 18, 1952, with appeals lasting to March 13, 1957. Several notable literary figures testified for the defense, but the trial ultimately ended in a guilty verdict with a ¥100,000 for Ito and a ¥250,000 fine for his publisher.
India
In 1964, bookseller Ranjit Udeshi in Bombay was prosecuted under Sec. 292 of the Indian Penal Code (sale of obscene books) for selling an unexpurgated copy of Lady Chatterley's Lover.
Ranjit D. Udeshi v. State of Maharashtra (AIR 1968 SC 881) was eventually laid before a three-judge bench of the Supreme Court of India, where Chief Justice Hidayatullah declared the law on the subject of when a book can be regarded as obscene and established important tests of obscenity such as the Hicklin test.
The judgement upheld the conviction, stating that:
When everything said in its favour we find that in treating with sex the impugned portions viewed separately and also in the setting of the whole book pass the permissible limits judged of from our community standards and as there is no social gain to us which can be said to preponderate, we must hold the book to satisfy the test we have indicated above.
Cultural influence
In the United States, the free publication of Lady Chatterley's Lover was a significant event in the "sexual revolution". At the time, the book was a topic of widespread discussion and a byword of sorts. In 1965, Tom Lehrer recorded a satirical song entitled "Smut", in which the speaker in the song lyrics cheerfully acknowledges his enjoyment of such material; "Who needs a hobby like tennis or philately?/I've got a hobby: rereading Lady Chatterley."
British poet Philip Larkin's poem "Annus Mirabilis" begins with a reference to the trial:
Sexual intercourse began
In nineteen sixty-three
(which was rather late for me) -
Between the end of the "Chatterley" ban
And The Beatles' first LP.
By the 1970s, the story had become sufficiently safe in Britain to be parodied by Morecambe and Wise; a "play wot Ernie wrote" was obviously based on it, with Michele Dotrice as the Lady Chatterley figure. Introducing it, Ernie explained that his play was "about a man who has an accident with a combine harvester, which unfortunately makes him impudent".
Standard editions
* Lady Chatterley's Lover (1928), edited by Michael Squires, Cambridge University Press, 1993, ISBN 0-521-22266-4.
* The First and Second Lady Chatterley Novels, edited by Dieter Mehl and Christa Jansohn, Cambridge University Press, 1999, ISBN 0-521-47116-8. These two books, The First Lady Chatterley and John Thomas and Lady Jane were earlier drafts of Lawrence's last novel.
* The Second Lady Chatterley's Lover, Oneworld Classics 2007, ISBN 978-1-84749-019-3
In 1946 an English hardcover edition, copyright Jan Förlag, was published by Victor Pettersons Bokindustriaktiebolag Stockholm, Sweden. It is marked "Unexpurgated authorized edition". A paperback edition followed in 1950.
Adaptations
Radio
Lady Chatterley's Lover has been adapted for BBC Radio 4 by acclaimed writer Michelene Wandor and was first broadcast in September 2006.
Film and television
Lady Chatterley's Lover has been adapted for film several times:
* In 1955, starring Danielle Darrieux; was banned in the United States.
* In 1961, actor Michael Gough, playing a seemingly sinister but ultimately heroic butler named Fisk, is seen reading Lady Chatterley's Lover in the British horror comedy film What a Carve Up! (aka No Place Like Homicide! in the USA).
* 1981 film version by Just Jaeckin starring Sylvia Kristel and Nicholas Clay.
* In 1993 a lengthy television mini-series entitled Lady Chatterley directed by Ken Russell starring Joely Richardson and Sean Bean for BBC Television. This film incorporates some material from the longer second version John Thomas and Lady Jane.
* In 1998, Viktor Polesný filmed a Czech-Language television version with Zdena Studenková (Constance), Marek Vašut (Clifford) and Boris Rösner (Mellors).
* In 2006, the French director Pascale Ferran filmed a French-Language version with Marina Hands as Constance and Jean-Louis Coulloc'h as the game keeper, which won the Cesar Award for Best Film in 2007. Marina Hands was awarded best actress at the 2007 Tribeca Film Festival. The film was based on John Thomas and Lady Jane, Lawrence's second version of the story. It was broadcast on the French television channel Arte on 22 June 2007 as Lady Chatterley et l'homme des bois (Lady Chatterley and the Man of the Woods).
Theatre
Lawrence's novel was successfully dramatised for the stage in a three-act play by a young British playwright named John Harte. Although produced at The Arts Theatre in London in 1961 (and elsewhere later on), his play was written in 1953. It was the only D. H. Lawrence novel ever to be staged and his dramatisation was the only one to be read and approved by Lawrence's widow, Frieda. Despite her attempts to obtain the copyright for Harte to have his play staged in the 1950s, Baron Philippe de Rothschild did not relinquish the dramatic rights until his film was released in France.
Only the Old Bailey trial against Penguin Books for alleged obscenity in publishing the unexpurgated paperback edition of the novel prevented the play's transfer to the much bigger Wyndham's Theatre, for which it had already been licensed by the Lord Chamberlain's Office on 12 August 1960 with passages censored. It was fully booked out for its limited run at The Arts Theatre and well reviewed by Harold Hobson, the prevailing West End theatre critic of the time.
《查太萊夫人的情人》-作品影響
對於勞倫斯,性交是一種含蓄主義的藝術。在他化腐朽為神奇的文筆之下,性愛是一層深似一層,一次細過一次的飛逸着的旋渦,是曖昧而激情、細膩而詩意、深刻而又空虛的終級高潮。性在層層神秘和敏感的壓力下,仍然是男女之間最直接實際與最自然的交流。
勞倫斯和這本書,一直以來都是禁忌的代名詞,然而,“一旦能夠得到適當的處理,這部小說的重大意義便顯示出來”。勞倫斯認為一個人,不必定要求幸福,不必定要求偉大,但求知道“生活”,而做個真正的人。要做真正的人,要過真正的生活‘便要使生命澎湃般的激動。這種激動是從接觸 (Contact)中,從合一(togetherness)一起中産生出來的,而世界,正是通過這種人類原始情欲的面貌,來接近我們。
在一九二八——二九年兩年間,歐美文壇上最令人震驚、最引起爭執的書,大概莫過於勞倫斯(D.H.Lawrence)的這本《查太萊夫人的情人》了。跟着,一九三零年勞倫斯逝世。蓋冠論定,世界文壇又為這本書熱鬧了一番。在現世紀的小說傢中,决沒有一個象勞倫斯一樣,受過世人這樣殘酷地辱駡的;而同時,在英國現代作傢中,要找到一個象勞倫斯一樣的,受着精英的青年知識階級所極端崇拜的人,卻是罕見的,勞倫斯的這本書,把虛偽的衛道者們弄癲了,他把腐敗的近代文明的猙獰面孔,太不容情地暴露了。但是,勞倫斯卻在這些“狗人窮巷”的衛道者們的癲狂反攻之下,在這種近代文明的兇險的排擊之下,成為無辜的犧牲者:他的天才的壽命,給排山倒海的嘲諷和誹謗所結束了。現在,正如勞倫勞動保護夫人說,《查太萊夫人的情人》的作者,是象一隻小鳥似的,被埋葬在中海的燦爛的陽光之下的一個寂寞的墳墓裏了。但是,這本文藝傑構,卻在敵人的仇恨的但是無可奈何的沉默態度之下,繼續吐露光芒,它不但在近代文藝界放了一綫熔人的光彩,而且在近乎黑暗的生活下,燃起了一盞光亮的明燈。
《查太萊夫人的情人》-影片簡介
故事發生在一戰後的英格蘭。從戰場上歸來的剋利福特。查太萊爵士由於在戰爭中受傷而導致下半身癱瘓,終年衹能坐在輪椅上。查太萊和他的新婚妻子康妮回到老傢的莊園,準備過一種與世無爭的田園生活。年輕貌美的康妮是一個心地善良的女子,她明知等待着自己的將是漫長孤寂的日子,卻仍然接受了命運的安排,甘願留在丈夫身邊。
這天,康妮有事去找莊園的看林人米爾斯,米爾斯正在院子空地上淋浴。康妮無意間瞥見了他裸露而健壯的身體,不由在心裏蕩起一陣漣漪。米爾斯顯然也被典雅溫婉的康妮吸引住了。為了使傢族能夠傳承下去,剋利福特嚮康妮提出,希望她能給這個傢生個孩子,但卻遭到康妮的斷然拒絶。當晚的聖誕舞會上,客人們都在盡情狂歡,惟康妮獨坐一旁,心情鬱悶。爸爸和妹妹都為她擔心,紛紛勸她要珍惜自己的青春,要設法開闢自己的生活。
在妹妹希爾達的幫助下,剋利福特聘請了一位寡婦伯爾頓太太隨身伺候。康妮由此得以從病人身旁脫身,得到一些自由時間。康妮經常獨自到林間散步,和米爾斯有了一些接觸。天長日久,兩人逐漸産生了感情。康妮開始越來越不能忍受查太萊大宅中華麗但卻刻板蒼白的生活了,她覺得自己已被壓迫得奄奄一息,她嚮往外面的大自然,嚮往米爾斯身上煥發出來的活力。終於,康妮投入了米爾斯的懷抱。他們如癡如醉地做愛,這是兩個健康肉體之間的完滿的性愛、全身心投入的性愛、相互尊重理解善意回應的性愛,這種性愛由最初純粹的肉體吸引慢慢轉化成了一種靈魂的相互碰撞,米爾斯用愛撫與熱情使康妮變成了一個真正的女人,康妮驚奇地發現自己深深愛上了這個粗魯沒有文化但卻深沉熱情的男子。康妮和米爾斯成了靈欲合一的情人,當康妮晚上悄悄地從查太萊大宅裏跑嚮在一旁守候她的米爾斯的時候,她已經完全沉醉於這段感情了。
一個雨天,康妮與米爾斯在林中小屋幽會。激情澎湃的康妮衝嚮屋外,脫去身上的長袍,裸着身體在雨中奔跑,米爾斯也歡叫着追了出去。康妮完美無瑕的胴體在蔥緑的森林中顯得那麽自然和諧,兩人像快樂的精靈一樣在雨中嬉戲。之後,他們用鮮花裝點彼此,猶如回歸伊甸園的亞當與夏娃。這時,橫亙在他們之間的等級障礙早已蕩然無存。
終於,康妮懷上了米爾斯的孩子。在外出旅遊期間,她把自己的故事坦誠地告訴了希爾達,希爾達對康妮的做法不以為然,還積極地要為孩子物色一個貴族父親,卻被康妮拒絶。康妮難以割捨對米爾斯的思念,提前回到莊園,卻發現米爾斯迫於壓力已經辭職,並遭到毒打,被遣送到礦上燒煤。昔日的小木屋也已不再是他們的樂園,兩人似乎已經走投無路。
米爾斯决心離開英國,去加拿大謀生,康妮面臨抉擇。終於,康妮嚮剋利福特提出離婚,並告訴他,她所愛的人是看林人米爾斯。剋利福特得知後,猶如墮入陷阱的睏獸,狂怒道:“天哪!你竟和我的僕人發生關係!”最後,康妮與米爾斯這一對多難的情人終於相遇在前往加拿大的船上。兩個人的明天是光明而充滿希望的,康妮放棄了雍容奢華但卻死氣沉沉的貴婦生活,奔嚮了自由與愛情,兩個來自不同階層的人終於衝破世俗的障礙,獲得新生。
《查太萊夫人的情人》-作品背景
原著在英國被禁30年,出版該書的企鵝出版社被控出版淫穢作品,直至1960年纔被宣告無罪,小說亦同時解禁。由於小說的敏感,根據小說改編的電影同樣引起人們的普遍關註。
影片《查太萊夫人的情人》根據英國20世紀小說傢戴衛.赫伯特.勞倫斯創作於 1928年的同名小說改編。勞倫斯的這部經典名著自問世起就備受爭議,在英國被禁30年,但卻不妨礙世人對它的喜愛和傳閱。小說曾多次被搬上銀幕,1992年英國大導演肯。拉賽爾受BBC電視臺之邀,將其再度搬上銀幕,拍成了一部長達4個多小時、總共4集的電視劇,並剪輯出一個長約2小時、供影院放映的電影“縮減本”。
本片導演肯。拉賽爾以拍攝音樂傢傳記片而聞名。此前,他也曾兩度改編勞倫斯的小說《虹》和《戀愛中的女人》。
《查太萊夫人的情人》-主題思想
從福樓拜的《包法利夫人》、托爾斯泰的《安娜。卡列琳娜》到勞倫斯的《查太萊夫人的情人》,西方現代小說一直反復探討着一個主題,即在急遽變化的社會中,已婚女性對世俗的社會價值所做的反叛及其後果。本片再次以電影的形式對這一主題做出呼應。導演肯。拉塞爾力求忠實於勞倫斯的原著,保留了原著的大部分情節和對白,在結構上也沒有大的調整,比較準確地傳達出原著中所藴涵的深刻主題,以唯美的視覺語言揭示了女性獨立性意識的自我萌發和自我救贖。影片在揭示男女情愛的同時,將性愛描寫上升到哲學和美學的高度,伴隨着熾烈的性愛體驗的,則是對歷史、政治、宗教、經濟等社會問題的嚴肅思考。查太萊夫婦的結合是一種不和諧的畸形婚姻。半身癱瘓、失去男性能力的丈夫和正值芳年的妻子,這是一個殘酷的組合,何況剋利福特是個虛偽自私的人,在他的心目中,康妮衹不過是一件美麗的附庸和傳宗接代的工具。剋利福特不能滿足康妮的正常情欲,米爾斯則幫助康妮實現了自我,喚醒了她身上的女性本能。最終,兩人的契合由肉欲之愛升華到心靈的交融,康妮反叛了她所從屬的那個階級,在那個封建保守的時代,她的勇敢選擇,無疑具有女性個體的積極意義。
勞倫斯畢生致力於男女性愛題材小說的創作,他認為,小說《查泰萊夫人的情人》“最好拿給所有17歲的少女們看看”。在他看來,人類的性愛具有至高無上的價值。這個世界上,恐怕再沒有哪一個作傢能像勞倫斯那樣,以宗教般的熱忱贊美人間性愛、以細膩微妙的筆觸描繪兩性關係中那種欲仙欲死的至高境界。勞倫斯的小說一嚮以大膽而詳盡的性描寫著稱,導演肯.拉塞爾亦不愧為用視覺語言講述故事、編織情欲的高手,影片中性愛場面的展現不僅含蓄優美,而且富有詩意,導演沒有在情色場面上做過多的渲染和鋪陳,衹是點到為止,但卻將人體與情欲詩意化,將詩意視覺化,把影片主人公情感故事拍得恍若童話仙境。
本片的服裝和布景製作也十分考究,生動地再現了20世紀初葉英國上流社會的風情,通過女主角康妮那一款款優雅精緻的服飾、華麗而空洞的室內布景,以及考究的用具、繁瑣的生活細節,反襯出上流社會人們精神上的空虛與蒼白。
《查太萊夫人的情人》-勞倫斯私印、自售作品
《查太萊夫人的情人》勞倫斯
雖然在寫出《查太萊夫人的情人》之前,勞倫斯已以《彩虹》、《戀愛中的婦女》、《兒子與情人》等作品享有了相當名聲,可是,眼下的這部書,仍然叫出版商、朋友甚至勞倫斯自己感到為難。最後,勞倫斯衹好自己在異國去私自出版,出版後又自己發售。當然,正因為這種形式,也最早地、毋需官方認可地將這部註定要引起軒然大波的作品推嚮了社會。
1926年,勞倫斯便開始了《查太萊夫人的情人》的寫作,並在不算長的時間,完成了第一稿。當時,他已經在試圖聯繫出版了,可很快,他便打消了這樣的想法。他當時的心情是矛盾的。在緻某位出版界人士的信中,他開始了預先的辯解:
“關於我的小說《查太萊夫人的情人》,現在我真是左右為難,世人將會認為這部小說是不正派的。可你知道它並非不正派。我始終苦心孤詣地在做同一件事情,就是使人們在提到性關係時,應感到是正當和珍貴的,而不是羞愧。這部小說是我在這一方面所做的進一步努力。在我看來,性是美好的、溫柔的,但又如赤裸着的人那樣脆弱。”
勞倫斯仍在不停地調整着這部作品,第二稿、第三稿……可即使這樣,在現實社會中,他仍然由於這部作品而招致麻煩,他甚至找不到為他服務的打字員。勞倫斯當時住在意大利的佛羅倫薩,最先他找到當地一位願意替他打字的女子,可在打到第五章時,這位女子不幹了,將稿子退了回來,說她不能再打下去,因為作品內容太污穢、骯髒……
面對這樣的反應和自己的心理預期,勞倫斯一度不想出版這部作品,可是,一方面由於經濟壓力,一方面基於他倔強的性格,在1927年11月時,勞倫斯開始試圖私下印製《查太萊夫人的情人》了。由於自己的心理預感,他暫時不指望在英語世界的英國或美國謀求出版,而打算在意大利將它印出來。原因除去佛羅倫薩的印刷很便宜,還有身處異地,起碼不至於在印刷時便引起不必要的麻煩。
按勞倫斯當時的打算,自己私下印製,第一次印刷上700部,每册定價兩個畿尼(當時每畿尼相當21先令),這樣下來,就會賺到600到700英鎊。這在當時是一筆不小的收入了。不久,對此書銷售的估計和自己經濟拮据的壓迫,勞倫斯又想提高印數——1000部。按照先前定價,他就可以賺到1000英鎊。為了能夠為讀者接受,他甚至一度打算將這部作品名字改為《柔情蜜意》或《約翰•托馬斯和簡夫人》,因為這樣看起來沒有《查太萊夫人的情人》那樣刺眼。
在《查太萊夫人的情人》交付出版商之前,勞倫斯讓幾位友人讀了這部書稿。反應不一,有強烈反差。一些朋友認為這部書不錯,說他們“非常喜歡這本書”;一位女士在讀到這部小說後卻“大發雷霆”——道德上的憤怒。這反應使勞倫斯感到有趣起來。他給另一位還未讀到此書的友人說:“我希望你不會討厭這部小說—— 儘管你很可能不喜歡它。這部小說本身就是一場革命——一顆小小的炸彈。”
勞倫斯終於要將這炸彈引爆了。交出書稿幾天之後,勞倫斯便緻函美國詩人威特•賓納。他們兩人曾經一起去墨西哥旅行過。在信中,勞倫斯希望他能夠為此書做一些銷售工作。在給另一位住在紐約的漢密爾頓•埃姆斯夫人的信裏,勞倫斯也希望她能幫助銷售這部作品:“這是一部溫柔的,生殖器的小說。現在你結婚了,自然會理解它的。由於世俗的公衆容不得對生殖器的描寫,我衹得在這裏出版這部小說。如果你不嫌麻煩,請把那些訂單散發給那些願意購買這部小說的人們。我認為這部小說是值得一買的。”在給他在美國的文學代理人柯蒂斯•布朗的信中,勞倫斯寫的直捷得多:“我真希望這部小說能賣出一千册,或者賣出去大部分,否則我就會破産。我想直接把書給購買者寄去。我準備給你寄上一些訂單,你能否為我找一些訂購者?衹要他們寄來兩英鎊,我就會把書寄給他們。”當然,更多的訂單寄往了英國,這畢竟是勞倫斯的祖國。儘管他知道這顆“炸彈”的威力,可這裏也可能有更多的知音。
勞倫斯所尋找的佛羅倫薩這傢印刷廠,恰好印刷商和印刷廠都沒有人懂得英文。在勞倫斯看來,這倒成了自己的“福氣”。這傢印刷廠全部手工操作,排字很仔細,用的也是一種精緻的手工製作的意大利紙張,所以,印出的書效果十分吸引人。勞倫斯自己為這部小說設計封面:下部是火焰飛揚的紅色底子,中間一隻黑色的鳳凰圖案,頗有“鳳凰涅槃”的味道。這個圖案,後來正式出版的企鵝版封面也沿用了下來。
很快,勞倫斯的努力得到回報。先是他的祖國——英國——寄來了多份小說訂單,然後是美國,訂單也在逐漸寄回。這邊,勞倫斯在緊張地校對清樣。4月、5月、6月……到了28日這一天,這部註定要引發大震動的書——《查太萊夫人的情人》,按照勞倫斯自己堅持的書名出版了。
在勞倫斯祖國的英國,當時人們觀念還相當保守,所以,幫助他推銷該書的朋友,是冒着被判高額罰款的危險來工作的。一位英國的朋友後來回憶說,勞倫斯當時給他們的宣傳詞為:這是一部偉大的著作,是“二十世紀光榮的象徵。”這也許是激發他們甘冒風險的緣由之一。很快,英國的讀者産生了反應。接到友人告知消息的電報,勞倫斯既緊張又興奮:這部小說像一顆炸彈,在我大多數英國朋友中間爆炸開來,他們現在仍忍受着彈震癥的痛苦。“我感到我已扔出去一顆炸彈,來轟炸他們虛偽的性感和虛偽性……”
不過,一部分寄往美國的郵件被扣住了。可一切已經無法阻攔。書十分好銷,勞倫斯加印200册來應付,其餘的,就衹能看着盜印本橫行市場,藉此大賺其錢了。第一批書寄到美國不到一個月,偷印本便出來了。由於偷印本仿製水平很高,連書店老闆都辨認不出,並且售價高於原版:十五元,而原版價僅十元。很快,第二種、第三種……盜印本在紐約出現了。很快,倫敦和巴黎,《查太萊夫人的情人》的盜印本出籠了,售價高達每本三英鎊或兩英鎊。
巴黎一傢書店,一口氣自印了1500册,充斥市場。勞倫斯找來一本看看,衹能苦笑,因為盜印本還很認真地將原版中的一些錯誤給改正了。可這本印製很不錯的書沒有給勞倫斯帶來任何效益。它批發給書店是每本100法郎,賣給讀者成了300、400甚至500法郎。這些歐洲的盜印者甚至嚮勞倫斯提出建議,希望能夠給他們授權,承認他們的印本。這樣,勞倫斯就可以在盜印本中,抽取一些版稅。本來,勞倫斯幾乎都同意了這項建議,可自尊心最後阻止了他。他衹能决意在法國出一種自己認可的版本。自己祖國——英國的發行傢,勸勞倫斯將該書加以刪改,出一個“潔本”,並答應給他豐厚的報酬,可勞倫斯無法接受,他認為,那樣“就等於用剪刀裁剪我自己的鼻子。書流血了。”
可不管怎麽說,勞倫斯以私印、自售的方式推出《查太萊夫人的情人》,現在看來仍然是處理得當的一件事。如人們所知,該書後來被查禁多年,出版社正式出版全本(其間有刪節本印出),已是幾十年之後的事情。當初倘若勞倫斯不采取私印,自售方式,那麽,他在有生之年(書出版兩年之後的1930年2月,這位極具才華的作傢病逝),决然見不到這部作品問世。之後,一切事情决難預料。也許,他的手稿會隨時湮滅;那麽,一部註定要引起公衆興趣,法庭辯論,文學界長期討論的著述,就可能永久在黑暗中沉沒。最起碼,會推遲數十年問世。這種結果,或許作者本人已有預感,所以,采取非正常手段及時推出它,是十分必要的。
其次,《查太萊夫人的情人》的出版,僅僅從經濟角度考慮,它也達到了使勞倫斯擺脫睏窘的目的。儘管後來盜印本從中吮吸了作者大量的心血,可一千多部印本仍然為他賺了一千多英鎊。這個數目,在當時是相當大的。這使很長一段時間內,勞倫斯可以自足地對朋友說:“所以我現在不愁沒錢用了。”
在今天看來,勞倫斯産生最大影響的作品,依然是這册《查太萊夫人的情人》。這部作品,在多個國傢,在相當長時間,被禁止出版。在作者家乡本土的英國,這部書甚至被推上法庭。以該書出版八十年後的今天眼光看,《查太萊夫人的情人》還是如作者自己認識的:“是正當和珍貴的”,即使在性的描寫上,它也是“溫柔、敏感”,甚至是誠摯的。從這些方面去認識,當年勞倫斯以私印、自售的方式發行此書,可以說意義非常。
The story is said to have originated from events in Lawrence's own unhappy domestic life, and he took inspiration for the settings of the book from Eastwood in Nottinghamshire where he grew up. According to some critics, the fling of Lady Ottoline Morrell with "Tiger", a young stonemason who came to carve plinths for her garden statues, also influenced the story. Lawrence at one time considered calling the novel Tenderness and made significant alterations to the text and story in the process of its composition. It has been published in three different versions.
Plot introduction
The story concerns a young married woman, Constance (Lady Chatterley), whose upper-class husband, Clifford Chatterley, has been paralyzed and rendered impotent. Her sexual frustration leads her into an affair with the gamekeeper, Oliver Mellors. This novel is about Constance's realization that she cannot live with the mind alone; she must also be alive physically.
Main characters
* Lady Chatterley is the protagonist of the novel. Before her marriage, she is simply Constance Reid, an intellectual and social progressive from a Scottish bourgeois family, the daughter of Sir Malcolm and the sister of Hilda. When she marries Clifford Chatterley, a minor nobleman, Constance (or, as she is known throughout the novel, Connie) assumes his title, becoming Lady Chatterley. Lady Chatterley's Lover chronicles Connie's maturation as a woman and as a sensual being. She comes to despise her weak, ineffectual husband, and to love Oliver Mellors, the gamekeeper on her husband's estate. In the process of leaving her husband and conceiving a child with Mellors, Lady Chatterley moves from the heartless, bloodless world of the intelligentsia and aristocracy into a vital and profound connection rooted in sensuality and sexual fulfillment.
* Oliver Mellors is the lover in the novel's title. Mellors is the gamekeeper on Clifford Chatterley's estate, Wragby Hall. He is aloof, sarcastic, intelligent and noble. He was born near Wragby, and worked as a blacksmith until he ran off to the army to escape an unhappy marriage. In the army, he rose to become a commissioned lieutenant — an unusual position for a member of the working classes — but was forced to leave the army because of a case of pneumonia, which left him in poor health. Surprisingly, we learn from different characters' accounts that Mellors was in fact finely educated in his childhood, has good table manners, is an extensive reader, and can speak English 'like a gentleman', but chooses to behave like a commoner and speak broad Derbyshire dialect, probably in an attempt to fit into his own community. Disappointed by a string of unfulfilling love affairs, Mellors lives in quiet isolation, from which he is redeemed by his relationship with Connie: the passion unleashed by their lovemaking forges a profound bond between them. At the end of the novel, Mellors is fired from his job as gamekeeper and works as a laborer on a farm, waiting for a divorce from his old wife so he can marry Connie. Mellors is a man with an innate nobility but who remains impervious to the pettiness and emptiness of conventional society, with access to a primal flame of passion and sensuality.
* Clifford Chatterley is Connie's husband. Clifford Chatterley is a young, handsome baronet who becomes paralyzed from the waist down during World War I. As a result of his injury, Clifford is impotent. He retires to his familial estate, Wragby Hall, where he becomes first a successful writer, and then a powerful businessman. But the gap between Connie and him grows ever wider; obsessed with financial success and fame, he is not truly interested in love, and she feels that he has become passionless and empty. He turns for solace to his nurse and companion, Mrs. Bolton, who worships him as a nobleman even as she despises him for his casual arrogance. Clifford is portrayed as a weak, vain man, but declares his right to rule the lower classes, and he soullessly pursues money and fame through industry and the meaningless manipulation of words. His impotence is symbolic of his failings as a strong, sensual man, and could also represent the increasing loss of importance and influence of the ruling classes in a modern world.
* Mrs. Bolton, also known as Ivy Bolton, is Clifford's nurse and caretaker. She is a competent, still-attractive middle-aged woman. Years before the action in this novel, her husband died in an accident in the mines owned by Clifford's family. Even as Mrs. Bolton resents Clifford as the owner of the mines — and, in a sense, the murderer of her husband — she still maintains a worshipful attitude towards him as the representative of the upper class. Her relationship with Clifford - she simultaneously adores and despises him, while he depends and looks down on her - is probably one of the most complex relationships in the novel.
* Michaelis is a successful Irish playwright with whom Connie has an affair early in the novel. Michaelis asks Connie to marry him, but she decides not to, realizing that he is like all other intellectuals: a slave to success, a purveyor of vain ideas and empty words, passionless.
* Hilda Reid is Connie's older sister by two years, the daughter of Sir Malcolm. Hilda shared Connie's cultured upbringing and intellectual education. She remains unliberated by the raw sensuality that changed Connie's life. She disdains Connie's lover, Mellors, as a member of the lower classes, but in the end she helps Connie to leave Clifford.
* Sir Malcolm Reid is the father of Connie and Hilda. He is an acclaimed painter, an aesthete and a bohemian who despises Clifford for his weakness and impotence, and who immediately warms to Mellors.
* Tommy Dukes, one of Clifford's contemporaries, is a brigadier general in the British Army and a clever and progressive intellectual. Lawrence intimates, however, that Dukes is a representative of all intellectuals: all talk and no action. Dukes speaks of the importance of sensuality, but he himself is incapable of sensuality and uninterested in sex. Of Clifford's circle of friends, he is the one who Connie becomes closest to.
* Duncan Forbes is an artist friend of Connie and Hilda. Forbes paints abstract canvases, a form of art Mellors seems to despise. He once loved Connie, and Connie originally claims to be pregnant with his child.
* Bertha Coutts, although never actually appearing in the novel, has her presence felt. She is Mellors' wife, separated from him but not divorced. Their marriage faltered because of their sexual incompatibility: she was too rapacious, not tender enough. She returns at the end of the novel to spread rumors about Mellors' infidelity to her, and helps get him fired from his position as gamekeeper. As the novel concludes, Mellors is in the process of divorcing her.
Themes
In Lady Chatterley's Lover, Lawrence comes full circle to argue once again for individual regeneration, which can be found only through the relationship between man and woman (and, he asserts sometimes, man and man). Love and personal relationships are the threads that bind this novel together. Lawrence explores a wide range of different types of relationships. The reader sees the brutal, bullying relationship between Mellors and his wife Bertha, who punishes him by preventing his pleasure. There is Tommy Dukes, who has no relationship because he cannot find a woman whom he respects intellectually and, at the same time, finds desirable. There is also the perverse, maternal relationship that ultimately develops between Clifford and Mrs. Bolton, his caring nurse, after Connie has left.
Mind and body
Richard Hoggart argues that the main subject of Lady Chatterley's Lover is not the sexual passages that were the subject of such debate but the search for integrity and wholeness. Key to this integrity is cohesion between the mind and the body for "body without mind is brutish; mind without body...is a running away from our double being." Lady Chatterley's Lover focuses on the incoherence of living a life that is "all mind", which Lawrence saw as particularly true among the young members of the aristocratic classes, as in his description of Constance's and her sister Hilda's "tentative love-affairs" in their youth:
So they had given the gift of themselves, each to the youth with whom she had the most subtle and intimate arguments. The arguments, the discussions were the great thing: the love-making and connexion were only sort of primitive reversion and a bit of an anti-climax.
The contrast between mind and body can be seen in the dissatisfaction each has with their previous relationships: Constance's lack of intimacy with her husband who is "all mind" and Mellors's choice to live apart from his wife because of her "brutish" sexual nature. These dissatisfactions lead them into a relationship that builds very slowly and is based upon tenderness, physical passion, and mutual respect. As the relationship between Lady Chatterley and Mellors develops, they learn more about the interrelation of the mind and the body; she learns that sex is more than a shameful and disappointing act, and he learns about the spiritual challenges that come from physical love.
Neuro-psychoanalyst Mark Blechner identifies the "Lady Chatterley phenomenon" in which the same sexual act can affect people in different ways at different times, depending on their subjectivity. He bases it on the passage in which Lady Chatterley feels disengaged from Mellors and thinks disparagingly about the sex act: "And this time the sharp ecstasy of her own passion did not overcome her; she lay with hands inert on his striving body, and do what she might, her spirit seemed to look on from the top of her head, and the butting of his haunches seemed ridiculous to her, and the sort of anxiety of his penis to come to its little evacuating crisis seemed farcical. Yes, this was love, this ridiculous bouncing of the buttocks, and the wilting of the poor insignificant, moist little penis." Shortly thereafter, they make love again, and this time, she experiences enormous physical and emotional involvement: "And it seemed she was like the sea, nothing but dark waves rising and heaving, heaving with a great swell, so that slowly her whole darkness was in motion, and she was ocean rolling its dark, dumb mass."
Class system and social conflict
Besides the evident sexual content of the book, Lady Chatterley’s Lover also presents some views on the British social context of the early 20th century. For example, Constance’s social insecurity, arising from being brought up in an upper middle class background, in contrast with Sir Clifford’s social self-assurance, becomes more evident in passages such as:
Clifford Chatterley was more upper-class than Connie. Connie was well-to-do intelligentsia, but he was aristocracy. Not the big sort, but still it. His father was a baronet, and his mother had been a viscount’s daughter.
There are also signs of dissatisfaction and resentment of the Tevershall coal pit’s workers, the colliers, against Clifford, who owned the mines. By the time Clifford and Connie had moved to Wragby Hall, Clifford's father's estate in Nottinghamshire, the coal industry in England seemed to be in decline, although the coal pit still was a big part in the life of the neighbouring town of Tevershall. References to the concepts of anarchism, socialism, communism, and capitalism permeate the book. Union strikes were also a constant preoccupation in Wragby Hall. An argument between Clifford and Connie goes:
‘’Oh good!, said Connie. “If only there aren’t more strikes!”
“What would be the use of their striking again! Merely ruin the industry, what’s left of it; and surely the owls are beginning to see it!”
“Perhaps they don’t mind ruining the industry,” said Connie.
“Ah, don’t talk like a woman! The industry fills their bellies, even if it can’t keep their pockets quite so flush,” he said, using turns of speech that oddly had a twang of Mrs. Bolton.
The most obvious social contrast in the plot, however, is that of the affair of an aristocratic woman (Connie) with a working class man (Mellors). Mark Schorer, an American writer and literary critic, considers a familiar construction in D.H. Lawrence's works the forbidden love of a woman of relatively superior social situation who is drawn to an "outsider" (a man of lower social rank or a foreigner), in which the woman either resists her impulse or yields to it. Schorer believes the two possibilities were embodied, respectively, in the situation into which Lawrence was born, and that into which Lawrence married, therefore becoming a favorite topic in his work.
Controversy
An authorized abridgment of Lady Chatterley's Lover that was heavily censored was published in America by Alfred E. Knopf in 1928. This edition was subsequently reissued in paperback in America both by Signet Books and by Penguin Books in 1946.
British obscenity trial
When the full unexpurgated edition was published by Penguin Books in Britain in 1960, the trial of Penguin under the Obscene Publications Act of 1959 was a major public event and a test of the new obscenity law. The 1959 act (introduced by Roy Jenkins) had made it possible for publishers to escape conviction if they could show that a work was of literary merit. One of the objections was to the frequent use of the word "fuck" and its derivatives. Another objection involves the use of the word "cunt".
Various academic critics and experts of diverse kinds, including E. M. Forster, Helen Gardner, Richard Hoggart, Raymond Williams and Norman St John-Stevas, were called as witnesses, and the verdict, delivered on 2 November 1960, was "not guilty". This resulted in a far greater degree of freedom for publishing explicit material in the United Kingdom. The prosecution was ridiculed for being out of touch with changing social norms when the chief prosecutor, Mervyn Griffith-Jones, asked if it were the kind of book "you would wish your wife or servants to read".
The Penguin second edition, published in 1961, contains a publisher's dedication, which reads: "For having published this book, Penguin Books were prosecuted under the Obscene Publications Act, 1959 at the Old Bailey in London from 20 October to 2 November 1960. This edition is therefore dedicated to the twelve jurors, three women and nine men, who returned a verdict of 'Not Guilty' and thus made D. H. Lawrence's last novel available for the first time to the public in the United Kingdom."
In 2006, the trial was dramatised by BBC Wales as The Chatterley Affair.
Australia
Main article: Censorship in Australia
Not only was the book banned in Australia, but a book describing the British trial, The Trial of Lady Chatterley, was also banned. A copy was smuggled into the country and then published widely. The fallout from this event eventually led to the easing of censorship of books in the country, although the country still retains the Office of Film and Literature Classification. In early October 2009, the federal institution of Australia Post banned the sale of this book in their stores and outlets claiming that books of this nature don't fit in with the 'theme of their stores'.
Canada
In 1945, McGill University Professor of Law and Canadian modernist poet F. R. Scott appeared before the Supreme Court of Canada to defend Lady Chatterley's Lover from censorship. However, despite Scott's efforts, the book was banned in Canada for 30 years due to concerns about its use of "obscene language" and explicit depiction of sexual intercourse. On November 15, 1960 an Ontario panel of experts, appointed by Attorney General Kelso Roberts, found that novel was not obscene according to the Canadian Criminal Code.
United States
In 1930, Senator Bronson Cutting proposed an amendment to the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act, which was then being debated, ending the practice of having U.S. Customs censor allegedly obscene books imported to U.S. shores. Senator Reed Smoot vigorously opposed such an amendment, threatening to publicly read indecent passages of imported books in front of the Senate. Although he never followed through, he included Lady Chatterley's Lover as an example of an obscene book that must not reach domestic audiences, declaring "I've not taken ten minutes on Lady Chatterley's Lover, outside of looking at its opening pages. It is most damnable! It is written by a man with a diseased mind and a soul so black that he would obscure even the darkness of hell!"
Lady Chatterley's Lover was one of a trio of books (the others being Tropic of Cancer and Fanny Hill), the ban on which was fought and overturned in court with assistance by lawyer Charles Rembar in 1959.
A French film (1955) based on the novel and released by Kingsley Pictures was in the United States the subject of attempted censorship in New York on the grounds that it promoted adultery. The Supreme Court held that the law prohibiting its showing was a violation of the First Amendment's protection of Free Speech.
The book was famously distributed in the U.S. by Frances Steloff at the Gotham Book Mart, in defiance of the book ban.
Japan
The publication of a full translation of Lady Chatterley's Lover by Ito Sei in 1950 led to a famous obscenity trial in Japan, extending from May 8, 1951 to January 18, 1952, with appeals lasting to March 13, 1957. Several notable literary figures testified for the defense, but the trial ultimately ended in a guilty verdict with a ¥100,000 for Ito and a ¥250,000 fine for his publisher.
India
In 1964, bookseller Ranjit Udeshi in Bombay was prosecuted under Sec. 292 of the Indian Penal Code (sale of obscene books) for selling an unexpurgated copy of Lady Chatterley's Lover.
Ranjit D. Udeshi v. State of Maharashtra (AIR 1968 SC 881) was eventually laid before a three-judge bench of the Supreme Court of India, where Chief Justice Hidayatullah declared the law on the subject of when a book can be regarded as obscene and established important tests of obscenity such as the Hicklin test.
The judgement upheld the conviction, stating that:
When everything said in its favour we find that in treating with sex the impugned portions viewed separately and also in the setting of the whole book pass the permissible limits judged of from our community standards and as there is no social gain to us which can be said to preponderate, we must hold the book to satisfy the test we have indicated above.
Cultural influence
In the United States, the free publication of Lady Chatterley's Lover was a significant event in the "sexual revolution". At the time, the book was a topic of widespread discussion and a byword of sorts. In 1965, Tom Lehrer recorded a satirical song entitled "Smut", in which the speaker in the song lyrics cheerfully acknowledges his enjoyment of such material; "Who needs a hobby like tennis or philately?/I've got a hobby: rereading Lady Chatterley."
British poet Philip Larkin's poem "Annus Mirabilis" begins with a reference to the trial:
Sexual intercourse began
In nineteen sixty-three
(which was rather late for me) -
Between the end of the "Chatterley" ban
And The Beatles' first LP.
By the 1970s, the story had become sufficiently safe in Britain to be parodied by Morecambe and Wise; a "play wot Ernie wrote" was obviously based on it, with Michele Dotrice as the Lady Chatterley figure. Introducing it, Ernie explained that his play was "about a man who has an accident with a combine harvester, which unfortunately makes him impudent".
Standard editions
* Lady Chatterley's Lover (1928), edited by Michael Squires, Cambridge University Press, 1993, ISBN 0-521-22266-4.
* The First and Second Lady Chatterley Novels, edited by Dieter Mehl and Christa Jansohn, Cambridge University Press, 1999, ISBN 0-521-47116-8. These two books, The First Lady Chatterley and John Thomas and Lady Jane were earlier drafts of Lawrence's last novel.
* The Second Lady Chatterley's Lover, Oneworld Classics 2007, ISBN 978-1-84749-019-3
In 1946 an English hardcover edition, copyright Jan Förlag, was published by Victor Pettersons Bokindustriaktiebolag Stockholm, Sweden. It is marked "Unexpurgated authorized edition". A paperback edition followed in 1950.
Adaptations
Radio
Lady Chatterley's Lover has been adapted for BBC Radio 4 by acclaimed writer Michelene Wandor and was first broadcast in September 2006.
Film and television
Lady Chatterley's Lover has been adapted for film several times:
* In 1955, starring Danielle Darrieux; was banned in the United States.
* In 1961, actor Michael Gough, playing a seemingly sinister but ultimately heroic butler named Fisk, is seen reading Lady Chatterley's Lover in the British horror comedy film What a Carve Up! (aka No Place Like Homicide! in the USA).
* 1981 film version by Just Jaeckin starring Sylvia Kristel and Nicholas Clay.
* In 1993 a lengthy television mini-series entitled Lady Chatterley directed by Ken Russell starring Joely Richardson and Sean Bean for BBC Television. This film incorporates some material from the longer second version John Thomas and Lady Jane.
* In 1998, Viktor Polesný filmed a Czech-Language television version with Zdena Studenková (Constance), Marek Vašut (Clifford) and Boris Rösner (Mellors).
* In 2006, the French director Pascale Ferran filmed a French-Language version with Marina Hands as Constance and Jean-Louis Coulloc'h as the game keeper, which won the Cesar Award for Best Film in 2007. Marina Hands was awarded best actress at the 2007 Tribeca Film Festival. The film was based on John Thomas and Lady Jane, Lawrence's second version of the story. It was broadcast on the French television channel Arte on 22 June 2007 as Lady Chatterley et l'homme des bois (Lady Chatterley and the Man of the Woods).
Theatre
Lawrence's novel was successfully dramatised for the stage in a three-act play by a young British playwright named John Harte. Although produced at The Arts Theatre in London in 1961 (and elsewhere later on), his play was written in 1953. It was the only D. H. Lawrence novel ever to be staged and his dramatisation was the only one to be read and approved by Lawrence's widow, Frieda. Despite her attempts to obtain the copyright for Harte to have his play staged in the 1950s, Baron Philippe de Rothschild did not relinquish the dramatic rights until his film was released in France.
Only the Old Bailey trial against Penguin Books for alleged obscenity in publishing the unexpurgated paperback edition of the novel prevented the play's transfer to the much bigger Wyndham's Theatre, for which it had already been licensed by the Lord Chamberlain's Office on 12 August 1960 with passages censored. It was fully booked out for its limited run at The Arts Theatre and well reviewed by Harold Hobson, the prevailing West End theatre critic of the time.
短篇小說《吉米與絶望的女人》同他的多數小說的主題一樣,描寫的是兩性之間的故事。作品表現了一個有過婚史的文化男人的奇特的尋偶方式,以及在此過程中他的情感與心理活動。
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“他是個討人喜歡的人,絶對無可挑剔,不過他少不了一個能照顧他的賢妻。”女人們通常都這樣評論他,充滿了善意,這使他得意,使他歡喜,也使他憤慨。
自從他和他那迷人、聰慧的妻子離婚後,他的憤慨便占了上風。整整10年,她都按照上述的評論在和他過日子,直到她實在厭倦了賢內助的角色。
“要是我不知道吉米這可憐的小子轉眼間就會投入隨便哪個女人的懷抱,我倒是願意看到這世界上有他這麽一個人。
他就是這麽傻,哪怕能夠自持10分鐘也好啊,可他就是不行,除此之外,他倒是好歹有一些不多見的優點。”
這就是剋拉麗莎得出的結論,這時她已翩然飄入一個年輕富有的美國人懷中。年輕富有的美國人聽到吉米的名字,頗有點悶悶不樂,如今剋拉麗莎終於成了他的妻子,但有時她又裝出好像仍和吉米保持着婚姻關係的樣子。
吉米不是這樣來看待這些評價的。他內心難以平靜,幾經起伏,憤怒的情緒占了上風。他很清楚,剋拉麗莎是如何看待他、議論他的。他自己認為,他不是什麽可以隨便投進哪個女人懷抱的“可憐的小子”,對他來說,“討人喜歡”,“無可挑剔”,或者“不多見”這些形容詞,以及她慣用的口氣“他就是他”,聽起來更順耳一些。
“我一點也不覺得,”他竭力申明,“我是一個可以隨便投進哪個女人懷抱的可憐小子,等我發現了某個合適的女人,到時瞧吧,看到底是誰投進誰的懷抱!”
他現在35歲,是不是投入懷抱成了對他的一種考驗,隨時都可能叫他暴露弱點。他想象找這麽個女人,在她眼裏,他衹是討人喜歡,衹是無可挑剔,而不至於還來不及喘一口氣就成了可憐的小子。為什麽找不到一個小傢碧玉,一個村姑,為什麽?世界上有的是這樣的人呀。
不幸的根源在於,他從來沒遇見過一個那樣的姑娘,他遇見的都是些天資頗高的女子,這樣的話他就沒機會和真正的、普通的人在一起。我們很多人都有同樣的遭遇,衹有那些我們碰不到的人,纔擁有真正的、自然的、普通的、純樸的、無邪的靈魂,這些人我們從來碰不到,就是這麽倒黴!
其實,這樣的人是有的!總有地方有的!衹是我們找不到她們罷了。
比如說,吉米的職務是個關鍵問題,它在妨礙着我們的吉米。他遇見各種各樣的人,但就是沒有合適的,從來沒遇見真正的、普通的、自然的、無邪的,如此這般,等等,等等。
他是一傢有相當名氣的雜志社的編輯,他那相當獨特、不凡的文筆給他帶來一大批讀者。另外,他的外表很漂亮,而且衹要他願意,他會顯得非常可愛,即使是批評起別人,也很有分寸,由此人們可以判斷,他會得到多少敬重、欽佩和支持。
首先看看他漂亮的外表。他的面部輪廊十分清秀,修長的面頰,有力的下巴,高鼻梁微微隆起,一雙妙不可言的深藍色眼睛忽閃着長長的睫毛,兩條眉毛又黑又密,當他一臉嘲諷神情時——他常常露出這副神情,他的黑眉毛便高高揚起,藍眼睛裏閃出諷刺的神氣,鼻子和嘴都會撅起來,看上去就像神話中性感的神一樣,這是吉米的最佳表情,至少他的男性朋友是這麽認為的。
他自己認為他是神話中飽受折磨的那位神,渾身上下中了箭,血汨汨地往外流,要是他還能數數的話,真應該數一下流了多少滴血。所以有時候,比如剋拉麗莎揚言要去年輕富有的美國人那兒時,又比如一提到她是否應該和他離婚或者他是否應該和她離婚時,他便會覺得像有一群群蚊子“嗡嗡”地嚮他飛來,把他紮得渾身窟窿,血不停地往外淌,根本數不清有多少滴。
他就是這麽看待自己的,因此他遞上了離婚訴狀。
在他的男性朋友眼中,他是個好色的神,或者說,看上去像。他的女友們則認為他是個深諸世故的、迷人的小夥子,他會像對待女王一樣地對待一個女人,當然這不會是指什麽別的,而是指他善於慫恿一個女人擺架子。
他非常有可能一鳴驚人,名聲鵲起,特別是在他離婚之後,但他沒這麽做,一個秘不可宣的原因就是,他已經决定,不再像對待女王一樣地對待任何女人。該是輪到女人們像對待國王一地樣對待他了。
他理想中的女人必須無邪、平庸、充滿活力,不像所羅門國王理想中的女人①——聰明、美麗、富有。對吉米來說,衹有那女人的經濟狀況窘迫,才能顯示出他有錢——他年薪3000英鎊,還買得起一小幢位於漢普郡的別墅。她必須出身於平民百姓,這樣就可以擺脫那討厭的高智商。但無論如何,不能要巷子裏那些衹會咋咋呼呼的蹩腳貨色。
他收到許多信,無以數計的信、詩、小說、文章或者私人郵件,他一一閱覽,耐心地打開如潮的信件中的一封,沙沙地寫些什麽,再疊好,這裏面可能會有什麽引起他的註意——不是信件,而是女作者:埃米莉婭·皮納格太太,住在約剋郡的礦工區。很不幸,她顯然已經結婚。
對這北方煤礦陰森荒涼的礦工區,吉米嚮來就有一種神秘分給二婦,一婦同意,一婦反對。所羅門於是將嬰兒判給後者。——譯者。
莫測的敬畏感。他本人還從沒嚮牛津以北的任何地方挪過一步。他有這種感覺,那兒除了地下開採之外就沒有別的了。皮納格,這算哪門子姓氏,喂!還有埃米莉婭!
她寄來一首詩,另外附上一小段內容提要,要是《評論傢》的編輯覺得它毫無意義,完全可以刪去。吉米發現詩意不俗,附的那封信之簡潔明快也給他以深刻的印象。不過他對是不是要送去發排還是舉棋不定,於是給皮納格太太回了一封信,問她還有沒有別的什麽?
幾番書信往來之後,皮納格太太終於對他提出的一些問題作出如下答復:
“您問到了我本人的情況,我該說什麽呢?我是一個31歲的婦女,有一個孩子,是女兒,八九歲了。我結了婚,丈夫雖然和我住在同一幢房子,卻總往另一個女人那兒跑,我試着寫些抒情詩,也許真是抒情的,因為沒有任何別的方式可以讓我表達自己的情感,即使除了我以外,再也沒有人欣賞這些詩,我還是覺得,應該通過什麽方式渲泄自己的情緒,以免得癌癥或者別的什麽婦女容易得的病。我結婚前是個教師,如果我做得到,我願重新當教師,獨立生活。但是已婚的女教師找不到工作,如今這是被禁止的……”礦工
——其妻如是說
輔助機噴出蒸汽,
煤渣篩搖來晃去,
我聽着,疑是他的心跳,
我感受,宛如他的呼吸。
野外無處不見他——
瓦礫堆上騰起的濃煙,
底下深深、深深蔓延的烈焰,
是他早已開始燃燒的胸懷。
傳煤鬥升上來,合着他呼吸的節拍,
他渴望能象嗡嗡的風扇,
吞吸流轉的空氣;噢,他的靈魂,
同機器一般生活在陌生的地帶。
這是男人的生活,他是這樣的男人,
我是他的妻子,我知道說的是啥,
從煤的內臟中蹦出,來到世上,
日日受盡苦痛,無以復加。
就是這首詩,他作為《評論傢》的編輯猶豫不决,不知該不該發,他似乎覺得,皮納格太太絶對不屬於那種家庭婦女式的、俗氣的、天資不高的類型。不知什麽攫住了他——
也許是她心中的無望和凄慘吧。
來者不拒
倘若你問我,
什麽叫白天?
——當夜幕降臨的時刻,
我不知道——擊鼓聲是那樣地刺耳。
長長的一隊人,
行進在黃昏的幽光中,
擊鼓者是個陌生人,
朦朦朧朧——為了啥事兒?
黑色使我迷惑,
我沉醉於白天之所見所聞
無非就是棚屋後的景象
——瓦礫和垃圾。
鼓聲不在這兒敲擊,
沉悶的鼓聲發自內心,
我無法自持地傾聽,
我思索——這是何意。
死神要擊碎鼓皮?
擊鼓的陌生人,
滿懷希望,
在編織罕見的新節奏?
無濟於事,
白天周而復始——在灰蒙蒙有煤煙中,
能忍——這般活下去,
不能忍——來者不拒。
在《評論傢》編輯的眼中,這首詩把無望和凄惶抒發得那樣真切,於是他决定刊登它,還想結識一下詩的女作者。他寫信給她,問和她見一面是否妥當,他正好要去她居住的地區,在謝菲爾德市作一場報告。她的答復是:對她沒什麽不合適。
那天下午,他作完了題為《書中的人們和生活中的人們》的報告之後(當然他首先談的是書中的人們)啓程,坐火車去皮納格傢所住的礦區。
正是2月,骯髒的雪泥掩蓋着地面,吉米到達密爾村時,夜幕已經降臨。夜色就像一個肥胖、臃腫的黑色幽靈,說着一口土裏土氣的方言,拖着沉重的腳步遊蕩在這一帶,地下礦井噴出難聞的氣味,一切都醜陋、陰森。他知道,他開始爬上通往小商場的山坡,他一邊走,一邊回頭,衹見山𠔌裏的點點燈光就像一群群魔鬼簇擁在那兒,空氣中彌漫着幽幽的硫磺味和煤灰塵。
他問了到新倫敦巷該怎麽走,又爬上一個坡,看到面前的景象,不由驚呆了。眼前一片陰森、恐怖,連空氣都堅硬得好象是從冰雪和岩石中散發出來的。謝天謝地,他看不清楚別的東西,也就不怎麽容易被人看清楚。問路的時候,人們給他的回答硬梆梆的,象什麽木塊擲在他腦門上一樣。經過一番東尋西找、四處問路之後他終於來到一條樹木掩映的大道,2月的冰雪尚未完全溶化,路上滿是骯髒的泥漿,礦井顯然就在這小鎮邊緣被泥漿遮蓋住的地面下。透過樹叢可以看見數盞微弱的紅燈照着通往礦井的小道。這裏翻騰着硫磺氣味,他就象個現代俄底修斯①,迷失在海剋特城郊,和那個左擁右抱着的塞壬、西拉的俄底修斯相比,他這個站在礦井、工廠中的現代俄底修斯該有多少悲涼,多少凄楚!就這麽苦苦思索着,他一腳高,一腳低,踩着冰冷的泥漿,走在充滿硫磺氣味的路上,頭上沉悶的夜空低低地壓過來,似乎要把電燈光掐滅。這兒的一切無不讓人覺得荒蕪、寂寞,如同夜間的熱帶叢林。
最後他終於發現了幾點燈光從簡陋的住所中透出來。新闢的狹窄街道邊,零零星星地點綴着幾盞路燈,房子裏的燈幾乎都已熄了。吉米停住了腳步,荒漠凄涼的感覺籠罩住他。
這時跑出3個小孩,他問了一聲,他們指給他一幢房子,他摸索着走進一條通道,小小的後院閃爍着一盞燈。他敲敲門,有點緊張,一個個子挺高大的婦女開了門,站在上一級臺階,打量地看着他。
“是皮納格太太?”
“噢,那您就是……菲斯先生?進來吧。”
他走進廚房耀眼的燈光中,皮納格太太站在他面前,她是個高個子女人,帶着一臉總是被激怒似的表情,冷冷地看着他,他一下子就感覺到了自己的窘迫和難堪,趕忙慌亂地伸出手。
“路太難走,”他說,“我怕會把您的屋子搞髒。”他看了看自己那雙滿是污泥的靴子。
“沒關係,她回答,“您喝過茶了嗎?”
“沒有,不過別麻煩您了!”
一個金黃頭髮的小女孩跑了進來,額上留着一排劉海,一雙羞怯的藍眼睛忽閃忽閃,手裏拿着兩衹洋娃娃,她的出現緩和了他的緊張情緒。“這是您的女兒?”他問,“多可愛的孩子,她叫什麽?”
“珍妮。”
“你好,珍妮。”他說,不過珍妮衹瞪看一對疑惑、害怕的大眼睛看看他,這樣的孩子,一眼就能看出,她的父母感情不和。
皮納格太太在桌上擺好茶、面包、白脫、果醬,然後在他對面坐下。她挺漂亮,灰色的眼睛有一雙棕黃色的瞳仁,眉毛很重,顯得很有力。她定定地看着他,臉上顯出慣於自持的表情,漂亮的眼睛是她臉上最大的優點,交融着善良的和女性的堅強意志,鼻子和嘴的綫條挺直,如同希臘面具,她的表情有點僵滯,看上去就像是這麽一種人:知道自己犯了錯誤卻不想去改正或者彌補,因為她無法做到。
他感到不自在。他個子不高,不修邊幅,這個女人使他意識到自己此刻的難堪。她一言不發,衹是看着他喝茶,帶着那種女人特有的看待男人、看待命運的目光。那個金黃色頭髮的小女孩在廚房的角落玩着兩衹洋娃娃,也默默地用兩衹明亮的藍眼睛看着他。
“這是個荒涼的地區。”吉米說。
“沒錯,非常荒涼。”她回答了一句。
“您應該試一試,離開這兒。”他說了下去。這下她以死一般的沉默作為答復,他覺得要把談話繼續下去實在太不容易了,於是他把話題轉嚮她的丈夫,她瞥了一眼廚房的鐘。
“他9點回來。”她說。
“他在礦裏嗎?”
是的,他上夜班。”
小孩一聲也不吭。
“珍妮不愛說話?”他問。
“說得不多。”母親說着,飛快地看了孩子一眼。
他略略談了談他在謝菲爾德市作的報告以及倫敦。這女人沒表現出多大興趣,始終是一種寡言、疏遠的態度。在他看來,她仿佛是一個耽於報復的人,被海水衝到沙灘,在礁石上把她的敵人撞得粉碎之後,還不消停,漫天邊際地在水中飄蕩,搞不清是怎樣報復的,是為了什麽而報復的。
“是啊,您該離開這兒。”吉米又說了一遍。
“那麽去哪兒呢?”她問道。
他作了個模糊的手勢:“隨便哪兒,衹要是離開這兒?”
她鎖起重重的眉毛,似乎在思索什麽。“我看不出那會有什麽結果,”她說着,看了看小女孩:“我想,除非一個人完全從這世界上消失,不然就不存在什麽根本的區別。我還得為她想想。”
吉米終於開始害怕了,他很不習慣去剋製這樣一種惱怒的情緒,另一方面,他又感到興奮,這個漂亮、寡言的少婦一頭柔軟的棕發,一雙冷豔的眼中金黃色的瞳仁,對他來說多少是一種挑戰,她身上總還有一顆心在跳動,什麽東西能打動這顆心?是什麽東西使這顆心靜如止水?她是在和自己過意不去……
突然,出於他那遊戲人生的本性,他說:“您為什麽不去我那兒,和我一起生活?”
他的臉上浮起一種奇異的、充滿矛盾的笑容。作為一個遊戲者,他接受了她引起的挑戰,他嗅出這將是一場幸運的遊戲,這使他興奮,在這場遊戲中他不會毀掉自己,不過同時,他對她又感到害怕,他决定暫且忘卻這種恐懼。
她坐在那裏觀察看他,好看的唇邊泛起一絲惱怒的微笑,“您怎麽想的,和您在一起生活?”她打算進一步瞭解些什麽。
“嗯,我說的就是這個意思,”他帶着自信的笑容回答道,“您在這兒顯然不幸福,不順心,而您具有不凡的天份。好吧,您走就是了,我對您說,去我那兒和我一起生活,我心裏很明白我說的是什麽,去倫敦做我的妻子吧,如果您願意,您能離婚,咱們就結婚,好吧,就這樣。”
吉米這番話與其說是對皮納格太太說的,不如說是對他自己說的,這符合他的性格。他考慮這些問題,衹想到它們和自己有關,思考的同時,他流露出一種奇特的表情,眨着左眼,耷拉着腦袋,盯着自己的身體瞧,好像一個人在自言自語。
她驚奇地打量了他,這是她所不熟悉的,他令人瞠目的果敢决定把她從麻木不仁中拉了出來。
“好吧,”她說,“不過還得仔細考慮一下,她怎麽辦?”她用腦袋指了指角落裏那個大眼睛女孩,珍妮神情漠然地蹲在她的位置上,微微張着嘴,恍恍惚惚地,既像大人一樣地聽着他們的談話,又象孩子般的茫然無知。母親望着她,孩子用熱切、羞怯、幾乎是愧疚的藍眼睛回答了母親,她們倆沒說一句話,無聲地交流着。
吉米說:“是啊,她當然一起來。”皮納格太太又轉嚮他,他繼續往下說:“這不是突如其來、不經思考的。我已經想了相當長一段時間了,從我收到您的第一首詩和信開始。”
他總是說得像什麽都衹和他有關似的,皮納格太太的目光停留在他身上。
“在您還沒有見到我之前?”她疑惑地問。
“對,當然,當然是在見到您之前,不然的的話我根本不會來見您。進門之前我就有這麽一種感覺……”他像醉漢一樣笨手笨腳地作些手勢,也像醉漢那樣說着話,眼睛看着自己的身體,好像在自言自語,這個女人就像幽靈般地在他的心中遊蕩,而他則是在對着心中的這個幽靈說話。
現實中的女人木呆呆地沉浸在驚異中,這對她來說實在太新鮮了。
“好,現在,您在這裏見到我了,您真的願意讓我跟您一起去倫敦?”說這話時她帶着一種鬱悶、不信的聲調。這對她來說簡直太荒謬了,不過為什麽不呢?應該有這種荒謬把她從她正坐着的這座墳墓裏拉出來。
“當然我願意這麽做!”他叫了起來,甩甩頭,“我確確實實地看見了您,也就願意確確實實地擁有您!”他還是不正眼瞧她,他的眼睛總是註意着自己的內心,宛如醉漢般地自言自語。這時,他發現了角落裏那個孩子熱切的藍眼睛和微紅的臉頰,便不好意思地笑了起來。
“行了,我不敢指望能真真實實地擁有這麽多,”他繼續說,“能擁有你和珍妮兩個!真真實實的,對於我,這就意味着真正的生活!”他還是這種古怪、緊張的聲調,有點兒醉意。
他擡起頭,第一次正視面前這個女人的臉。
“那您什麽時候想讓我去?”她有點冷冰冰地問道。
“越快越好,您明天就和我一起走,如果您願意,我在聖約翰伍德有一幢小房子等待着您,您明天就和我一起走吧,再簡單不過了。”
她觀察着他,看他低垂着腦袋坐在那裏,像醉漢一樣。他的後腦勺有點禿,黑色的鬈發薄薄地鋪在那裏。“明天不行,我得準備幾天。”她說。
她想看看他的臉,她覺得,她似乎已經忘了這個無事生非的奇特男人的模樣。他擡起頭,眼睛好像還是瞎了一樣。這時他看上去像瞎了的梅菲斯特一樣,那個高高揚起眉毛,在大街上乞討的瞎眼梅菲斯特。
“妙極了,這對我來說真是太好了。”這下他說得堅定有力。
“我早完了,徹底完了,在剋拉麗莎還沒離開我時,我就完了。不過,她走了以後,我完全獨立了,我想,我大概再也沒有前途了。真是奇跡,我現在能這樣好,能夠遇見您……
您和珍妮……是的,還有珍妮……不,真的,真是太好了,這一切都是真的。”他笑得有點歇斯底裏。
皮納格太太和珍妮驚慌失措地看着他。
“不過,我首先得和我丈夫談談,”她沉思着說,“您想見見他嗎?”
“天哪,我,”他擺擺手錶示拒絶,“我覺得毫無意義,不過,如果您認為,那樣做會更好些的話,那我就照您的意思辦。”
“是的,我覺得這樣比較合適。”她說。
“好吧,如果您希望這樣,我就和他談談。”
“他9點鐘回傢。”她說。
“好吧,好,這樣更好。不過首先我得找個地方過夜,但願還不太晚。”
“不晚,我和您一起出去,幫您問問。”
“不,真的,您不用忙,衹要告訴我,最好往哪兒走就行……”他現在是用一種保護者的口氣說話,他得保護她不受他自己以及流言蜚語的侵犯。這種牛津式的紳士風度,是遠遠超過她的水準的,也是她所不熟悉的。
他一頭紮進北方黑沉沉的夜色中,他知道這兒的夜有多麽地可憎,但他必須完成他在這裏令人興奮的奇遇。
在她指給他的那傢糕餅店裏,他問了問能不能住宿,可沒人願理他,他的外表不討人喜歡。小客棧裏也衹見到人們搖頭,他們都不願和他打交道。他用足了他那種牛津式風度指手指劃腳:“您聽着,您不可以讓一位先生睡在灌木叢中,我能見見老闆娘嗎?”
他說服了老闆娘,讓他在餐廳的大長發沙上睡覺,那裏壁爐的火燒得通紅。他說好了10點鐘回來,然後踩着污泥又踏上去新倫敦巷的路。
此時孩子已經上床。爐子上燉着一鍋湯,皮納格太太的面部表情已經緩和過來,她在桌上鋪了一塊白桌布。吉米一聲不吭,他覺得,她似乎沒註意他的存在,無疑她很忙,因為丈夫快回傢了。吉米坐在沙發上等,他感到緊張極了,他衹要一緊張,就什麽事都敢對付了。
衹聽見9點鐘的塞壬①們從礦上回來了。皮納格太太把湯從火上端開,走進洗衣間。吉米聞到一股煮土豆的味兒,他靜靜地坐着,眼下他既不用說什麽,也不用做什麽,他戴上他的黑邊眼鏡,毫無表情地等待着,他的臉就象一個好疑的哲學家的面具,經歷了無數時代,已經區分不出哪兒是生,哪兒是死。
這時一陣腳步聲走近房子,一個男人一陣風似地撲進門來,金黃色的鬍子在滿是黑灰的臉上十分顯眼,野蠻的藍眼睛被煤塵遮得衹看得見眼白。
“這位是菲斯先生,”埃米莉婭·皮納格這樣介紹了來訪的客人。
吉米站起身來,嚮這男人伸出手,帶着一點兒牛津腔問了一聲好。
“我不能和您握手,我的手太髒了,”礦工說道,“您坐。”
“煤灰又不可恥,”吉米回答着又坐到沙發上,“它是幹淨的骯髒。”
“是這麽說的。”皮納格應道。
他是個中等身材的男人,瘦而結實。他妻子擰開爐子上的黃銅水竜頭,接了一盆熱水。皮納格在一隻有靠手的椅子上重重地坐下,彎腰脫掉那雙沉重的灰色礦工靴,套上拖鞋,站了起來,拿着靴子走進洗衣間,他妻子端着一盆熱水跟在他後面,片刻又轉了回來,把一條粗毛巾搭在壁爐的鐵架子上,吉米聽得見那男人怎樣在昏暗的洗手間裏用肥皂擦身,誰都不說一句話,皮納格太太在悉心準備她丈夫的晚餐。
過了一會兒,他走出來,上半身赤裸着,又折回去,蹲在壁爐邊上烤火,他的頭、臉、胸都是濕的,背上還是黑乎乎的,沒有洗掉。他從爐架上拿過毛巾,粗魯地猛擦腦袋和臉,他的太太抓過一塊擦滿肥皂的布,默默地替他擦洗背部。
她男人已經完全忘卻了來訪的客人,這樣的清洗身體對煤礦工人來說猶如一種莊嚴的禮儀,此時此刻,一切似乎都不存在,皮納格太太俯身站在蹲在壁爐邊上的男人背後,眼中流露出陰沉、蔑視的表情,她一定是厭惡什麽人或什麽東西,但吉米還不足以聰明到能猜出那是什麽人或什麽東西。
對他來說這完全是一種新的體驗:作為一個旁觀者觀看一場陌生的私人宗教儀式。這礦工拚命地擦胸部和腹部,好像他的身體是一臺正在清洗的機器,而就在這同時,他的妻子卻用另一條毛巾慢得出奇地幫他擦幹背部。
擦完以後,她把毛巾拿出去。男人的身體幹了,他還蹲着,手放在膝蓋上,在火邊恍恍惚惚地看着壁爐,這好像也是他的夜間宗教儀式之一,他的臉上有了血色,心不在焉地捻着金黃鬍子,眼睛還盯着壁爐裏面,爐火把他的上半身映得通紅。
他約摸35歲光景,正值壯年,皮膚平整,渾身沒有一塊多餘的肉,肌肉雖不能算特別發達,然而很靈活,充滿活力,看上去就像一臺休息待命的機器,他的眼睛是那種深深的冰藍色。
他看看四周,還是沒有想起坐在他沙發上的來客。女人從櫃子裏拿出一疊衣服,放到他伸過來的手中,很少見到這麽細長、柔韌的胳膊能有一雙如此粗糙、多繭、結實而幹淨的手。
他拿起內衣、襯衫、就着火略烤一下,然後把兩件衣服往腦袋上一套,腦袋鑽出來。衣服還沒有完全拉好,他便懶洋洋地走進洗衣間,順便從櫃子裏抽出他的睡褲。他妻子拿走毛巾,把晚飯擺上桌子:澆有褐色燒烤汁的洋蔥烤餅,煮土豆和一杯茶。男人從洗衣間走出,衣服、法蘭絨褲子穿得整整齊齊,頭髮筆直地往後梳着,他從桌邊拉開木靠椅,重重地坐下吃飯。
這時他纔將目光投嚮吉米,就像一個有點敵意的男人不經意地註視另一個男人。
“您對這兒不熟悉?”他說,他的口氣有點太客套,甚至可以說太誇張了些。
“完全不熟悉。”吉米回答,一臉表情說不清楚是哭還是笑。
皮納格在碟子裏蘸了點芥末,仔細看看他的食品是否配胃口。
“您從遠道來嗎?”他問道,開始吃起來,他大嚼着,似乎又忘記了吉米的存在,他低頭看着盤子,吃着,一邊慢吞吞地大口大口地往嘴裏塞,一邊顯然思索着什麽事。
“從倫敦來。”吉米說。
“噢,倫敦。”皮納格漫不經心地說了一聲,眼皮也沒擡。
女人又走了進來,默默地坐在燈下的搖椅中。
“是什麽把你吸引到這兒來的?”皮納格問道,攪了攪他的茶。
吉米挪了挪在沙發上的坐姿。“嗯,我是來看望皮納格太太的。”
“那您和她認識?”男人說着,還是沒看吉米,側面對着他。
“是啊,剛認識,”吉米說了下去,“今晚以前我還不認識您太太,她給《評論傢》寄來一些詩稿,我是那兒的編輯,我覺得不錯,便回信給她,接着便産生了來這兒看看的想法,趁此機會結識結識她,她同意我這打算,於是我就來了。”
男人切下一塊面包,咬了起來。“您覺得這好嗎?”他轉嚮吉米,用一種孩子般好奇的目光看看他,似乎想瞭解些什麽,“您將在您的報紙上登嗎?”
“是的,我準備采用。”吉米說。
“她的詩我衹讀過一首,是說一個礦工,她瞭解他的一切,因為她嫁給了他。”他粗聲粗氣地說,帶着一種揶揄的口氣。
吉米不吭聲。這種粗魯的、尋釁的口氣唬住了他。
“《評論傢》對我個人來說毫無意義,”皮納格說着,把他的盤子推嚮一邊,抓過飯後甜食,“我覺得它太羅嗦,說了半天,什麽結果也沒有。”
“有可能的,”吉米答道,有點支支吾吾,“不過怎麽樣纔是有趣的?……如今這世道能有什麽結果呢!況且一本雜志……”“我不知道,”皮納格說,“《解放者》裏有時就有一些有趣的東西,《兩面神》也有點見解,我個人不贊同人們所謂的感情,這將使人一無所獲。”
“對,不過,”吉米一笑,“問題是,會有什麽結果呢?人們總是說得很動聽很漂亮,一切都應該有結果,不過在哪裏?
這世上哪裏有什麽結果呢?我泛泛地想過,如果一個人想在礦山得個較好的職位,好,可以說,他能得到,但是如果想得到生活中的‘什麽結果’,那麽,他就得想明白,他到底要什麽。”
“您聽着,我是個男人,不是嗎?”皮納格突然說得很輕很堅定。
“一個男人,好,”吉米回答說,“不過,這意味着什麽呢?
您是一個男人,怎麽呢?”
“我有沒有權利說,我不願被人利用?”皮納格說得很慢、很粗野、很沉重。
“您當然有這權利,”吉米說,“不過,這說明什麽呢?從喬治國王開始至今,我們都被利用。您吃布丁的同時,您就在利用上百個人,包括您的太太。”
“我知道,我知道,不用再說什麽了,反正我不願被人利用。”
吉米聳了聳肩膀,“妙,妙!好多人說話都是這麽一種方式。”
礦工靜靜地坐在他的椅子上,臉上浮現出一種生硬、冰冷的表情,他似乎是在思考什麽,好像有什麽東西是他的眼中釘、肉中刺,他的臉就像刷過漿糊那樣綳得緊緊的。
“我除了被利用以外什麽都不是,”他自言自語地說着,眼睛盯着不知什麽地方,“在礦井下我被利用,得到我該得到工資,在傢裏我也被利用,我老婆給在我桌上擺上飯菜,好像我是店裏的顧客。”
“是啊,不過您等待什麽呢?”吉米大聲說。
“我?等待?什麽也沒有,不過有一句話我可以對您說,我對兩個都不滿意。”
“您知不知道,您有什麽不滿意?”
“我不願我老婆寫詩,不願她的詩讓那麽多她見也沒見過的人看到,我不願每當我回傢時,看見我老婆像伯阿蒂西婭女王那樣坐着,臉像衹有兩個窟窿的石頭像。她的心情怎麽樣,我不知道,她自己也不知道。不過,她願幹什麽就幹什麽,對我來說都一樣。”
“當然!”吉米叫道,雖然並沒有什麽可讓他說“當然”的。
“她對您講過沒有,我還有一個?”
“講過。”
“那我來告訴您為什麽吧。自從我幹上礦工這一行,每天得在坑道裏做整整8小時的牛馬,別人讓我怎麽幹就怎麽幹。”
“您是想說,”吉米講,“您的妻子應該多為您考慮,——
是啊,這確實是問題,您得有個能多為您考慮的妻子。”這話從吉米口中說出實在是令人驚訝,他坐在這裏,侃侃而談,儼然是個道貌岸然的傳教士在布道,完全忘了他過去歲月中與剋拉麗莎之間破滅的愛情夢。
“我需要一個待我好的女人,她得想着,要待我好。”礦工這麽說。
“別人為什麽得對你好?”他妻子冷冷地問。
“可愛的孩子,我的小女兒也有待我好的意願,如果她母親允許她這麽做的話。我告訴您——”他轉嚮吉米,深藍色的眼珠裏略帶慍意,“我想有個待我好的女人,她必須有待我的好的意願,我傢裏沒有這樣的女人,那我衹好去別的地方找。”
“我希望她待你還不錯。”女人說着,在椅子裏輕輕地晃了晃。
“她待我當然好羅。”
“那為什麽你不幹脆和她住一起?”
“我為什麽不這樣做嗎?因為我已經有了一個傢,我有傢,有老婆,老婆願意怎麽樣就怎麽樣,反正已經在一起過日子了,我還有一個孩子,為什麽要破壞這已經存在的一切呢?”
“那我呢?”她冷冷地、生氣地問。
“你?你有一個傢,你有孩子,你有一個為你做牛做馬的丈夫,你需要的你都有了,你愛幹什麽就幹什麽。”
“這樣的,我能這樣?”她譏誚地問。
“沒錯,除了你要幹的一點傢務活,你愛幹啥都行。什麽時候想走了,你也可以走。不過,衹要你還住在我的傢,你就得放尊重一點,你不能帶任何男人來這兒,你知道不知道。”
“你,尊重你的傢?”
“當然羅!自從我有了一個待我好的女人,我什麽都不用你給了,我所要求你的是,必須盡到一個家庭主婦的義務。”
“還要替你洗屁股。”她極力挖苦,吉米聽來覺得有點粗俗。
“還要替我洗屁股,沒錯,如果我需要你來洗的話。”他說。
“那麽另一個呢?她應該幹這個!”
“這兒是我的傢。”
皮納格太太做了個很特別的動作,好像神志有點不甚清醒似的,吉米坐在那裏,嚇得臉色蒼白。礦工平靜的外表下面隱藏着積聚已久的怨憤及犟頭倔腦的脾性,他狹長的臉上幾乎沒有肉,衹看得見那種男性特有的粗獷骨架,似乎他作為一個男人的所有靈魂、精神全藴於滿是骨頭的腦袋裏。
吉米對這有着一張骨瘦如柴的臉龐的男人的邏輯産生了一種莫名其妙的憤恨,他無法忍受這男人麻木不仁的冷漠和自以為是的固執。
“您聽着,”他用他那口牛津腔說道,“您說,您太太是自由的,愛幹什麽就幹什麽,這樣的話您恐怕不會反對她離開這兒去和我一起生活吧。”
男人驚愕地望着編輯那蒼白的臉,吉米把臉偏嚮一邊,誰都不看,望着不知什麽地方,他眉眼中流露出梅菲斯特般的神氣。
“她願意嗎?”皮納格萬般不信地問道。他的妻子輕衊地微笑着,她看透了這男人由於無能而産生的空虛,她要用另一個男人來取代他。
“這您可以自己問她,”吉米說,“就是因為這緣故我纔來這裏問她,是否願意去我那兒和我一起生活,把孩子也帶上。”
“您來這兒嚮她提這個建議,而在這之前您還沒見過她?”
男人益發感到驚訝。
“沒錯,”吉米激動地說着,喝醉酒般地點點頭,“沒錯,這之前還沒見過她。”
“這次你弄詩可弄到一隻怪鳥了。”他狎昵地說着,轉嚮他妻子,她可真討厭這種大大咧咧的丈夫派頭。
“那你又弄到一隻什麽樣的怪鳥?”她回敬了一句。
“你是用什麽東西弄來的?”
“用粘鳥膠。”她冷冷地一笑。3個人都坐着,一言不發,氣氛相當緊張。終於,皮納格開口了:“那你是怎麽回答他的?”
吉米擡起頭,臉上挂着幸災樂禍的微笑,這種表情反而使他變得漂亮起來,他朝坐在椅子上看着他的女人笑笑,算是鼓動。
“我說,好。”她冷靜地回答。
她丈夫僵直地坐在靠椅上,眼睛不知望着哪裏,什麽都不說,好像在註意觀察,有什麽東西從他內心騰起,離他而去,他不打算使自己的內心再有什麽激動,他無法相信,女人會如此輕易地拋棄他。
“我可以肯定,”吉米又說開了,“這樣對大傢都好,您並沒失去什麽,”他有點不安地加上一句,“要是她將孩子也帶走呢?我敢擔保,這樣對孩子有好處。”
礦工看着他,好象他遠在幾裏這外,但吉米知道,他是在剋製內心的激動,不讓任何感情在他那男性的、滿是骨着頭的臉上反映出來。
“我讓她自由,”男人說,“隨她的便。”
“出於父愛還是出於利己?”女人說。
“就我來說,她可以隨她自己高興。”他神志恍惚地重複了一遍。
“我說呀,你可真大方!”她第一次露出失望的樣子。
吉米看了看表,已經很晚了,有可能無法再進他住的地方,他起身說,明天早上再過來,中午還得趕火車回倫敦。
他又走進荒蕪地帶陰暗的夜色中,他的心中升起一種莫名其妙的感覺,也稍稍有點害怕,不過他是需要有點害怕的感覺,不致於心裏空蕩蕩的。在恐懼中,他想起小房裏那兩個相對而坐、緘默的人,他還從沒經歷過比這更動人心魄的時刻,他需要和解、體諒、同情,和皮納格太太可以達成這樣的默契,和埃米莉婭,埃米莉婭——他得習慣叫這個名字,應該叫埃米莉纔對,埃米莉婭聽上去有點怪誕,但他從來不曾遇見過一個埃米莉。
害怕和興奮,他幹了多麽了不起的事啊!他好像沒有愛上她,上帝知道,他衹是想把她從丈夫身邊拉走,同時他也需要她所意味的奇遇,她是一個奇遇。他感到興奮,感到自豪,感到像個男人。
早晨,他懷着忐忑不安的心情走進皮納格的房子,天氣仍然陰沉,像是要下雨,黑色的樹木,黑色的街道,黑色的灌木叢,熏黑的磚瓦房,煤礦的氣味、煙霧和嗓音,又開始了暗無天日的一天。這就是陌生的地獄生活。
孩子替他開了門,金黃色的頭髮,紅潤的臉蛋,熱切的深藍色眼睛。
“早!珍妮。”他說。
母親僵直地站在廚房桌子邊,很高大,她用不安的目光看着他。她很漂亮,但皮膚不理想,生活的磨難給她的健康帶來很大的影響。吉米嚮她輕柔、動人地笑笑,他這特有的微笑點能打動女人的心,當他接觸到她那金黃色瞳仁的眼睛時,發現她也在註視他,而且一點也不友好,他想:“天哪,我怎麽能和這樣的女人睡覺?”不過此時,他良好的願望占了上風,他得這麽做。
看到坐在壁爐邊上的礦工那張無肉、呆滯的臉和瘦長的身形,他的良好願望就更加強烈了——他必須戰勝這個男人!
“您搭哪一班火車?”皮納格太太問。
“12點30分的那班。”他衝她一笑,孩子氣十足,非常可愛,她感激地接受了這個微笑。拿這微笑和她丈夫陰沉、固執的眼睛相比,那種緊張、瘦削對她來說始終是一種威脅,而這個男人波斯貓般的眼睛卻隱藏着果敢、羞怯的誘惑,她被吸引住了。
“您得早一點吃午飯。”她說。
“不,”他叫了起來,在那個男人的眼睛註視下吃飯,幾乎可以說是可怕,“不,我吃了一頓豐盛的早餐,在謝菲爾德市轉車時我可以在車站吃一塊黃油面包,真的!”
她準備出去買點東西,她說等她回來後,陪他去車站,那時剛過11點。
“不過、您聽着,”吉米同時看了看她,又看了看那男人,他坐在那裏若無其事地看報,“有件事我們得說妥,我想讓皮納格太太及孩子和我一起過,她也同意了,是不是最好今天就一起走?您收拾些必需品放進手提包,走吧,為什麽還要推遲呢?”
“我說行,”男人回答,“她隨時可以離開,隨她的便。”
“那太好了!您願不願意馬上一起走?”吉米很有把握地說,以為她會無條件地服從。
“這不行,”她果斷地說,“今天不行。”
“但是為什麽不行?為什麽不趁我還在這裏的時候一起走?您有自由,可以隨便幹您所願……”“自由對我暫時還沒用,”她生硬地說,“反正今天不行。”
“那什麽時候行?”他緊逼着問道:“越快越好!”
“星期一。”她直截了當地說。
“星期一?”他重複了一遍,非常吃驚,然後他咬緊牙齒,點了點頭。“好吧,今天是星期六,那麽,星期一就星期一吧。”
“如果您能諒解我的話,”她說,“我現在得出去買點東西,回來後就陪您去車站。”
她給珍妮穿上一件天藍色的上衣,自己披上深黑色的過鼕大衣,戴上黑帽子走了。吉米和礦工坐在房間裏,覺得很不自在。皮納格戴着眼鏡,現在他摘掉它,把報紙放在一邊,隨口談了點關於社會民主黨政府的事。
“確實如此,”吉米說,“這很自然,衹要人們想到民主,就一定會選社會民主黨的,我個人認為這個政府比別的都強。”
“也許吧,”皮納格說,“不過,有些事或早或晚會發生。”
“可以這麽說。”吉米應了一句,他們又一次陷入沉默中。
“您結過婚嗎?”過了一會兒,皮納格問。
“結過,我離婚了。”
“我想,您一定希望我同意離婚羅。”皮納格說。
“……當然,這再好不過了。”
“我無所謂,”皮納格說,“離婚或者不離,我和另一個一起生活,不過不和另一個結婚。就這樣,我感到很好,不過如果她要離婚就離吧。”
“這當然再好不過了。”吉米說。
停頓。他真希望女人回來。
“我把您看作某類工具,”皮納格說,“準有什麽會完蛋,您衹是這類工具。”
吉米發現,他怎麽和這男人攀談起來了?他恨自己做不到和他坐在一個房間裏而不受他的影響。
“我老婆,”皮納格幾乎是譏誚、嘲諷地重新拾起話題,“恨不得她離開我後,我就被車軲轆輾死,這是她最後的一絲希望。”
吉米無言以對,另一個則靜靜地坐着,像一個被判無期徒刑的囚徒,坐在角落,望着窗子等待着什麽。
這就是塞壬說的一切。吉米雙膝發軟,回到傢中。星期天早上他心驚膽戰地寫了一封信,不知開頭該怎樣稱呼,“親愛的皮納格太太”或“親愛的埃米莉婭”,對他來說不是顯得已經過時就是為時過晚,幹脆什麽“愛”都不寫,空着擡頭。
“我希望您在動身前收到這封信。也許我們太草率了,我請您無論如何,在來之前作最後的定奪,如果您不是完全出於自己的决定,那麽就別來,哪怕還心存一絲動搖,您就該等着,等着,一直到您自己完全决定了,這樣或那樣去做。如果您不願來,我也會理解的,衹是希望你來封電報。您要是來的話,我會衷心歡迎您和孩子的,永遠是您的J·F·”他付給差役一筆旅費,另外又給了3英鎊,讓他坐星期日火車把這封信送去。
差役晚上就回來了,說是已經將信送到,但沒有回覆可帶來。
一個不好受的星期天晚上,一個令人心煩的星期一早晨!
電報終於來了:12:50和珍妮坐瑪麗雷邦號抵。埃米莉婭。
吉米咬緊兩排牙齒,來到火車站,她牽着孩子的手,慢慢走下火車,當他遇見她濃眉下凝重的目光時,他差點暈過去。一絲病態的微笑浮現在他的臉上,他嚮她伸出手:
“您來這裏,我真是太高興了!”
他們坐進出租車後,他對她産生出一種扭麯的、強烈的情欲,簡直無法自製。他清清楚楚地感覺到另外一個男人也同時擁有着她,於是他就像喝了許多酒似地,醉醺醺的,另外還有一個男人!他不知怎麽地總感到另外一個軀體在場——那個丈夫!女人在他的懷抱中扭動着,她將和他結婚,這是無可輓回的了。
吉米仿佛喝了威士忌一樣,他更應該把兩個中的哪一個人摁倒在地上:這個女人,還是那個男人?
蘇建文譯
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“他是個討人喜歡的人,絶對無可挑剔,不過他少不了一個能照顧他的賢妻。”女人們通常都這樣評論他,充滿了善意,這使他得意,使他歡喜,也使他憤慨。
自從他和他那迷人、聰慧的妻子離婚後,他的憤慨便占了上風。整整10年,她都按照上述的評論在和他過日子,直到她實在厭倦了賢內助的角色。
“要是我不知道吉米這可憐的小子轉眼間就會投入隨便哪個女人的懷抱,我倒是願意看到這世界上有他這麽一個人。
他就是這麽傻,哪怕能夠自持10分鐘也好啊,可他就是不行,除此之外,他倒是好歹有一些不多見的優點。”
這就是剋拉麗莎得出的結論,這時她已翩然飄入一個年輕富有的美國人懷中。年輕富有的美國人聽到吉米的名字,頗有點悶悶不樂,如今剋拉麗莎終於成了他的妻子,但有時她又裝出好像仍和吉米保持着婚姻關係的樣子。
吉米不是這樣來看待這些評價的。他內心難以平靜,幾經起伏,憤怒的情緒占了上風。他很清楚,剋拉麗莎是如何看待他、議論他的。他自己認為,他不是什麽可以隨便投進哪個女人懷抱的“可憐的小子”,對他來說,“討人喜歡”,“無可挑剔”,或者“不多見”這些形容詞,以及她慣用的口氣“他就是他”,聽起來更順耳一些。
“我一點也不覺得,”他竭力申明,“我是一個可以隨便投進哪個女人懷抱的可憐小子,等我發現了某個合適的女人,到時瞧吧,看到底是誰投進誰的懷抱!”
他現在35歲,是不是投入懷抱成了對他的一種考驗,隨時都可能叫他暴露弱點。他想象找這麽個女人,在她眼裏,他衹是討人喜歡,衹是無可挑剔,而不至於還來不及喘一口氣就成了可憐的小子。為什麽找不到一個小傢碧玉,一個村姑,為什麽?世界上有的是這樣的人呀。
不幸的根源在於,他從來沒遇見過一個那樣的姑娘,他遇見的都是些天資頗高的女子,這樣的話他就沒機會和真正的、普通的人在一起。我們很多人都有同樣的遭遇,衹有那些我們碰不到的人,纔擁有真正的、自然的、普通的、純樸的、無邪的靈魂,這些人我們從來碰不到,就是這麽倒黴!
其實,這樣的人是有的!總有地方有的!衹是我們找不到她們罷了。
比如說,吉米的職務是個關鍵問題,它在妨礙着我們的吉米。他遇見各種各樣的人,但就是沒有合適的,從來沒遇見真正的、普通的、自然的、無邪的,如此這般,等等,等等。
他是一傢有相當名氣的雜志社的編輯,他那相當獨特、不凡的文筆給他帶來一大批讀者。另外,他的外表很漂亮,而且衹要他願意,他會顯得非常可愛,即使是批評起別人,也很有分寸,由此人們可以判斷,他會得到多少敬重、欽佩和支持。
首先看看他漂亮的外表。他的面部輪廊十分清秀,修長的面頰,有力的下巴,高鼻梁微微隆起,一雙妙不可言的深藍色眼睛忽閃着長長的睫毛,兩條眉毛又黑又密,當他一臉嘲諷神情時——他常常露出這副神情,他的黑眉毛便高高揚起,藍眼睛裏閃出諷刺的神氣,鼻子和嘴都會撅起來,看上去就像神話中性感的神一樣,這是吉米的最佳表情,至少他的男性朋友是這麽認為的。
他自己認為他是神話中飽受折磨的那位神,渾身上下中了箭,血汨汨地往外流,要是他還能數數的話,真應該數一下流了多少滴血。所以有時候,比如剋拉麗莎揚言要去年輕富有的美國人那兒時,又比如一提到她是否應該和他離婚或者他是否應該和她離婚時,他便會覺得像有一群群蚊子“嗡嗡”地嚮他飛來,把他紮得渾身窟窿,血不停地往外淌,根本數不清有多少滴。
他就是這麽看待自己的,因此他遞上了離婚訴狀。
在他的男性朋友眼中,他是個好色的神,或者說,看上去像。他的女友們則認為他是個深諸世故的、迷人的小夥子,他會像對待女王一樣地對待一個女人,當然這不會是指什麽別的,而是指他善於慫恿一個女人擺架子。
他非常有可能一鳴驚人,名聲鵲起,特別是在他離婚之後,但他沒這麽做,一個秘不可宣的原因就是,他已經决定,不再像對待女王一樣地對待任何女人。該是輪到女人們像對待國王一地樣對待他了。
他理想中的女人必須無邪、平庸、充滿活力,不像所羅門國王理想中的女人①——聰明、美麗、富有。對吉米來說,衹有那女人的經濟狀況窘迫,才能顯示出他有錢——他年薪3000英鎊,還買得起一小幢位於漢普郡的別墅。她必須出身於平民百姓,這樣就可以擺脫那討厭的高智商。但無論如何,不能要巷子裏那些衹會咋咋呼呼的蹩腳貨色。
他收到許多信,無以數計的信、詩、小說、文章或者私人郵件,他一一閱覽,耐心地打開如潮的信件中的一封,沙沙地寫些什麽,再疊好,這裏面可能會有什麽引起他的註意——不是信件,而是女作者:埃米莉婭·皮納格太太,住在約剋郡的礦工區。很不幸,她顯然已經結婚。
對這北方煤礦陰森荒涼的礦工區,吉米嚮來就有一種神秘分給二婦,一婦同意,一婦反對。所羅門於是將嬰兒判給後者。——譯者。
莫測的敬畏感。他本人還從沒嚮牛津以北的任何地方挪過一步。他有這種感覺,那兒除了地下開採之外就沒有別的了。皮納格,這算哪門子姓氏,喂!還有埃米莉婭!
她寄來一首詩,另外附上一小段內容提要,要是《評論傢》的編輯覺得它毫無意義,完全可以刪去。吉米發現詩意不俗,附的那封信之簡潔明快也給他以深刻的印象。不過他對是不是要送去發排還是舉棋不定,於是給皮納格太太回了一封信,問她還有沒有別的什麽?
幾番書信往來之後,皮納格太太終於對他提出的一些問題作出如下答復:
“您問到了我本人的情況,我該說什麽呢?我是一個31歲的婦女,有一個孩子,是女兒,八九歲了。我結了婚,丈夫雖然和我住在同一幢房子,卻總往另一個女人那兒跑,我試着寫些抒情詩,也許真是抒情的,因為沒有任何別的方式可以讓我表達自己的情感,即使除了我以外,再也沒有人欣賞這些詩,我還是覺得,應該通過什麽方式渲泄自己的情緒,以免得癌癥或者別的什麽婦女容易得的病。我結婚前是個教師,如果我做得到,我願重新當教師,獨立生活。但是已婚的女教師找不到工作,如今這是被禁止的……”礦工
——其妻如是說
輔助機噴出蒸汽,
煤渣篩搖來晃去,
我聽着,疑是他的心跳,
我感受,宛如他的呼吸。
野外無處不見他——
瓦礫堆上騰起的濃煙,
底下深深、深深蔓延的烈焰,
是他早已開始燃燒的胸懷。
傳煤鬥升上來,合着他呼吸的節拍,
他渴望能象嗡嗡的風扇,
吞吸流轉的空氣;噢,他的靈魂,
同機器一般生活在陌生的地帶。
這是男人的生活,他是這樣的男人,
我是他的妻子,我知道說的是啥,
從煤的內臟中蹦出,來到世上,
日日受盡苦痛,無以復加。
就是這首詩,他作為《評論傢》的編輯猶豫不决,不知該不該發,他似乎覺得,皮納格太太絶對不屬於那種家庭婦女式的、俗氣的、天資不高的類型。不知什麽攫住了他——
也許是她心中的無望和凄慘吧。
來者不拒
倘若你問我,
什麽叫白天?
——當夜幕降臨的時刻,
我不知道——擊鼓聲是那樣地刺耳。
長長的一隊人,
行進在黃昏的幽光中,
擊鼓者是個陌生人,
朦朦朧朧——為了啥事兒?
黑色使我迷惑,
我沉醉於白天之所見所聞
無非就是棚屋後的景象
——瓦礫和垃圾。
鼓聲不在這兒敲擊,
沉悶的鼓聲發自內心,
我無法自持地傾聽,
我思索——這是何意。
死神要擊碎鼓皮?
擊鼓的陌生人,
滿懷希望,
在編織罕見的新節奏?
無濟於事,
白天周而復始——在灰蒙蒙有煤煙中,
能忍——這般活下去,
不能忍——來者不拒。
在《評論傢》編輯的眼中,這首詩把無望和凄惶抒發得那樣真切,於是他决定刊登它,還想結識一下詩的女作者。他寫信給她,問和她見一面是否妥當,他正好要去她居住的地區,在謝菲爾德市作一場報告。她的答復是:對她沒什麽不合適。
那天下午,他作完了題為《書中的人們和生活中的人們》的報告之後(當然他首先談的是書中的人們)啓程,坐火車去皮納格傢所住的礦區。
正是2月,骯髒的雪泥掩蓋着地面,吉米到達密爾村時,夜幕已經降臨。夜色就像一個肥胖、臃腫的黑色幽靈,說着一口土裏土氣的方言,拖着沉重的腳步遊蕩在這一帶,地下礦井噴出難聞的氣味,一切都醜陋、陰森。他知道,他開始爬上通往小商場的山坡,他一邊走,一邊回頭,衹見山𠔌裏的點點燈光就像一群群魔鬼簇擁在那兒,空氣中彌漫着幽幽的硫磺味和煤灰塵。
他問了到新倫敦巷該怎麽走,又爬上一個坡,看到面前的景象,不由驚呆了。眼前一片陰森、恐怖,連空氣都堅硬得好象是從冰雪和岩石中散發出來的。謝天謝地,他看不清楚別的東西,也就不怎麽容易被人看清楚。問路的時候,人們給他的回答硬梆梆的,象什麽木塊擲在他腦門上一樣。經過一番東尋西找、四處問路之後他終於來到一條樹木掩映的大道,2月的冰雪尚未完全溶化,路上滿是骯髒的泥漿,礦井顯然就在這小鎮邊緣被泥漿遮蓋住的地面下。透過樹叢可以看見數盞微弱的紅燈照着通往礦井的小道。這裏翻騰着硫磺氣味,他就象個現代俄底修斯①,迷失在海剋特城郊,和那個左擁右抱着的塞壬、西拉的俄底修斯相比,他這個站在礦井、工廠中的現代俄底修斯該有多少悲涼,多少凄楚!就這麽苦苦思索着,他一腳高,一腳低,踩着冰冷的泥漿,走在充滿硫磺氣味的路上,頭上沉悶的夜空低低地壓過來,似乎要把電燈光掐滅。這兒的一切無不讓人覺得荒蕪、寂寞,如同夜間的熱帶叢林。
最後他終於發現了幾點燈光從簡陋的住所中透出來。新闢的狹窄街道邊,零零星星地點綴着幾盞路燈,房子裏的燈幾乎都已熄了。吉米停住了腳步,荒漠凄涼的感覺籠罩住他。
這時跑出3個小孩,他問了一聲,他們指給他一幢房子,他摸索着走進一條通道,小小的後院閃爍着一盞燈。他敲敲門,有點緊張,一個個子挺高大的婦女開了門,站在上一級臺階,打量地看着他。
“是皮納格太太?”
“噢,那您就是……菲斯先生?進來吧。”
他走進廚房耀眼的燈光中,皮納格太太站在他面前,她是個高個子女人,帶着一臉總是被激怒似的表情,冷冷地看着他,他一下子就感覺到了自己的窘迫和難堪,趕忙慌亂地伸出手。
“路太難走,”他說,“我怕會把您的屋子搞髒。”他看了看自己那雙滿是污泥的靴子。
“沒關係,她回答,“您喝過茶了嗎?”
“沒有,不過別麻煩您了!”
一個金黃頭髮的小女孩跑了進來,額上留着一排劉海,一雙羞怯的藍眼睛忽閃忽閃,手裏拿着兩衹洋娃娃,她的出現緩和了他的緊張情緒。“這是您的女兒?”他問,“多可愛的孩子,她叫什麽?”
“珍妮。”
“你好,珍妮。”他說,不過珍妮衹瞪看一對疑惑、害怕的大眼睛看看他,這樣的孩子,一眼就能看出,她的父母感情不和。
皮納格太太在桌上擺好茶、面包、白脫、果醬,然後在他對面坐下。她挺漂亮,灰色的眼睛有一雙棕黃色的瞳仁,眉毛很重,顯得很有力。她定定地看着他,臉上顯出慣於自持的表情,漂亮的眼睛是她臉上最大的優點,交融着善良的和女性的堅強意志,鼻子和嘴的綫條挺直,如同希臘面具,她的表情有點僵滯,看上去就像是這麽一種人:知道自己犯了錯誤卻不想去改正或者彌補,因為她無法做到。
他感到不自在。他個子不高,不修邊幅,這個女人使他意識到自己此刻的難堪。她一言不發,衹是看着他喝茶,帶着那種女人特有的看待男人、看待命運的目光。那個金黃色頭髮的小女孩在廚房的角落玩着兩衹洋娃娃,也默默地用兩衹明亮的藍眼睛看着他。
“這是個荒涼的地區。”吉米說。
“沒錯,非常荒涼。”她回答了一句。
“您應該試一試,離開這兒。”他說了下去。這下她以死一般的沉默作為答復,他覺得要把談話繼續下去實在太不容易了,於是他把話題轉嚮她的丈夫,她瞥了一眼廚房的鐘。
“他9點回來。”她說。
“他在礦裏嗎?”
是的,他上夜班。”
小孩一聲也不吭。
“珍妮不愛說話?”他問。
“說得不多。”母親說着,飛快地看了孩子一眼。
他略略談了談他在謝菲爾德市作的報告以及倫敦。這女人沒表現出多大興趣,始終是一種寡言、疏遠的態度。在他看來,她仿佛是一個耽於報復的人,被海水衝到沙灘,在礁石上把她的敵人撞得粉碎之後,還不消停,漫天邊際地在水中飄蕩,搞不清是怎樣報復的,是為了什麽而報復的。
“是啊,您該離開這兒。”吉米又說了一遍。
“那麽去哪兒呢?”她問道。
他作了個模糊的手勢:“隨便哪兒,衹要是離開這兒?”
她鎖起重重的眉毛,似乎在思索什麽。“我看不出那會有什麽結果,”她說着,看了看小女孩:“我想,除非一個人完全從這世界上消失,不然就不存在什麽根本的區別。我還得為她想想。”
吉米終於開始害怕了,他很不習慣去剋製這樣一種惱怒的情緒,另一方面,他又感到興奮,這個漂亮、寡言的少婦一頭柔軟的棕發,一雙冷豔的眼中金黃色的瞳仁,對他來說多少是一種挑戰,她身上總還有一顆心在跳動,什麽東西能打動這顆心?是什麽東西使這顆心靜如止水?她是在和自己過意不去……
突然,出於他那遊戲人生的本性,他說:“您為什麽不去我那兒,和我一起生活?”
他的臉上浮起一種奇異的、充滿矛盾的笑容。作為一個遊戲者,他接受了她引起的挑戰,他嗅出這將是一場幸運的遊戲,這使他興奮,在這場遊戲中他不會毀掉自己,不過同時,他對她又感到害怕,他决定暫且忘卻這種恐懼。
她坐在那裏觀察看他,好看的唇邊泛起一絲惱怒的微笑,“您怎麽想的,和您在一起生活?”她打算進一步瞭解些什麽。
“嗯,我說的就是這個意思,”他帶着自信的笑容回答道,“您在這兒顯然不幸福,不順心,而您具有不凡的天份。好吧,您走就是了,我對您說,去我那兒和我一起生活,我心裏很明白我說的是什麽,去倫敦做我的妻子吧,如果您願意,您能離婚,咱們就結婚,好吧,就這樣。”
吉米這番話與其說是對皮納格太太說的,不如說是對他自己說的,這符合他的性格。他考慮這些問題,衹想到它們和自己有關,思考的同時,他流露出一種奇特的表情,眨着左眼,耷拉着腦袋,盯着自己的身體瞧,好像一個人在自言自語。
她驚奇地打量了他,這是她所不熟悉的,他令人瞠目的果敢决定把她從麻木不仁中拉了出來。
“好吧,”她說,“不過還得仔細考慮一下,她怎麽辦?”她用腦袋指了指角落裏那個大眼睛女孩,珍妮神情漠然地蹲在她的位置上,微微張着嘴,恍恍惚惚地,既像大人一樣地聽着他們的談話,又象孩子般的茫然無知。母親望着她,孩子用熱切、羞怯、幾乎是愧疚的藍眼睛回答了母親,她們倆沒說一句話,無聲地交流着。
吉米說:“是啊,她當然一起來。”皮納格太太又轉嚮他,他繼續往下說:“這不是突如其來、不經思考的。我已經想了相當長一段時間了,從我收到您的第一首詩和信開始。”
他總是說得像什麽都衹和他有關似的,皮納格太太的目光停留在他身上。
“在您還沒有見到我之前?”她疑惑地問。
“對,當然,當然是在見到您之前,不然的的話我根本不會來見您。進門之前我就有這麽一種感覺……”他像醉漢一樣笨手笨腳地作些手勢,也像醉漢那樣說着話,眼睛看着自己的身體,好像在自言自語,這個女人就像幽靈般地在他的心中遊蕩,而他則是在對着心中的這個幽靈說話。
現實中的女人木呆呆地沉浸在驚異中,這對她來說實在太新鮮了。
“好,現在,您在這裏見到我了,您真的願意讓我跟您一起去倫敦?”說這話時她帶着一種鬱悶、不信的聲調。這對她來說簡直太荒謬了,不過為什麽不呢?應該有這種荒謬把她從她正坐着的這座墳墓裏拉出來。
“當然我願意這麽做!”他叫了起來,甩甩頭,“我確確實實地看見了您,也就願意確確實實地擁有您!”他還是不正眼瞧她,他的眼睛總是註意着自己的內心,宛如醉漢般地自言自語。這時,他發現了角落裏那個孩子熱切的藍眼睛和微紅的臉頰,便不好意思地笑了起來。
“行了,我不敢指望能真真實實地擁有這麽多,”他繼續說,“能擁有你和珍妮兩個!真真實實的,對於我,這就意味着真正的生活!”他還是這種古怪、緊張的聲調,有點兒醉意。
他擡起頭,第一次正視面前這個女人的臉。
“那您什麽時候想讓我去?”她有點冷冰冰地問道。
“越快越好,您明天就和我一起走,如果您願意,我在聖約翰伍德有一幢小房子等待着您,您明天就和我一起走吧,再簡單不過了。”
她觀察着他,看他低垂着腦袋坐在那裏,像醉漢一樣。他的後腦勺有點禿,黑色的鬈發薄薄地鋪在那裏。“明天不行,我得準備幾天。”她說。
她想看看他的臉,她覺得,她似乎已經忘了這個無事生非的奇特男人的模樣。他擡起頭,眼睛好像還是瞎了一樣。這時他看上去像瞎了的梅菲斯特一樣,那個高高揚起眉毛,在大街上乞討的瞎眼梅菲斯特。
“妙極了,這對我來說真是太好了。”這下他說得堅定有力。
“我早完了,徹底完了,在剋拉麗莎還沒離開我時,我就完了。不過,她走了以後,我完全獨立了,我想,我大概再也沒有前途了。真是奇跡,我現在能這樣好,能夠遇見您……
您和珍妮……是的,還有珍妮……不,真的,真是太好了,這一切都是真的。”他笑得有點歇斯底裏。
皮納格太太和珍妮驚慌失措地看着他。
“不過,我首先得和我丈夫談談,”她沉思着說,“您想見見他嗎?”
“天哪,我,”他擺擺手錶示拒絶,“我覺得毫無意義,不過,如果您認為,那樣做會更好些的話,那我就照您的意思辦。”
“是的,我覺得這樣比較合適。”她說。
“好吧,如果您希望這樣,我就和他談談。”
“他9點鐘回傢。”她說。
“好吧,好,這樣更好。不過首先我得找個地方過夜,但願還不太晚。”
“不晚,我和您一起出去,幫您問問。”
“不,真的,您不用忙,衹要告訴我,最好往哪兒走就行……”他現在是用一種保護者的口氣說話,他得保護她不受他自己以及流言蜚語的侵犯。這種牛津式的紳士風度,是遠遠超過她的水準的,也是她所不熟悉的。
他一頭紮進北方黑沉沉的夜色中,他知道這兒的夜有多麽地可憎,但他必須完成他在這裏令人興奮的奇遇。
在她指給他的那傢糕餅店裏,他問了問能不能住宿,可沒人願理他,他的外表不討人喜歡。小客棧裏也衹見到人們搖頭,他們都不願和他打交道。他用足了他那種牛津式風度指手指劃腳:“您聽着,您不可以讓一位先生睡在灌木叢中,我能見見老闆娘嗎?”
他說服了老闆娘,讓他在餐廳的大長發沙上睡覺,那裏壁爐的火燒得通紅。他說好了10點鐘回來,然後踩着污泥又踏上去新倫敦巷的路。
此時孩子已經上床。爐子上燉着一鍋湯,皮納格太太的面部表情已經緩和過來,她在桌上鋪了一塊白桌布。吉米一聲不吭,他覺得,她似乎沒註意他的存在,無疑她很忙,因為丈夫快回傢了。吉米坐在沙發上等,他感到緊張極了,他衹要一緊張,就什麽事都敢對付了。
衹聽見9點鐘的塞壬①們從礦上回來了。皮納格太太把湯從火上端開,走進洗衣間。吉米聞到一股煮土豆的味兒,他靜靜地坐着,眼下他既不用說什麽,也不用做什麽,他戴上他的黑邊眼鏡,毫無表情地等待着,他的臉就象一個好疑的哲學家的面具,經歷了無數時代,已經區分不出哪兒是生,哪兒是死。
這時一陣腳步聲走近房子,一個男人一陣風似地撲進門來,金黃色的鬍子在滿是黑灰的臉上十分顯眼,野蠻的藍眼睛被煤塵遮得衹看得見眼白。
“這位是菲斯先生,”埃米莉婭·皮納格這樣介紹了來訪的客人。
吉米站起身來,嚮這男人伸出手,帶着一點兒牛津腔問了一聲好。
“我不能和您握手,我的手太髒了,”礦工說道,“您坐。”
“煤灰又不可恥,”吉米回答着又坐到沙發上,“它是幹淨的骯髒。”
“是這麽說的。”皮納格應道。
他是個中等身材的男人,瘦而結實。他妻子擰開爐子上的黃銅水竜頭,接了一盆熱水。皮納格在一隻有靠手的椅子上重重地坐下,彎腰脫掉那雙沉重的灰色礦工靴,套上拖鞋,站了起來,拿着靴子走進洗衣間,他妻子端着一盆熱水跟在他後面,片刻又轉了回來,把一條粗毛巾搭在壁爐的鐵架子上,吉米聽得見那男人怎樣在昏暗的洗手間裏用肥皂擦身,誰都不說一句話,皮納格太太在悉心準備她丈夫的晚餐。
過了一會兒,他走出來,上半身赤裸着,又折回去,蹲在壁爐邊上烤火,他的頭、臉、胸都是濕的,背上還是黑乎乎的,沒有洗掉。他從爐架上拿過毛巾,粗魯地猛擦腦袋和臉,他的太太抓過一塊擦滿肥皂的布,默默地替他擦洗背部。
她男人已經完全忘卻了來訪的客人,這樣的清洗身體對煤礦工人來說猶如一種莊嚴的禮儀,此時此刻,一切似乎都不存在,皮納格太太俯身站在蹲在壁爐邊上的男人背後,眼中流露出陰沉、蔑視的表情,她一定是厭惡什麽人或什麽東西,但吉米還不足以聰明到能猜出那是什麽人或什麽東西。
對他來說這完全是一種新的體驗:作為一個旁觀者觀看一場陌生的私人宗教儀式。這礦工拚命地擦胸部和腹部,好像他的身體是一臺正在清洗的機器,而就在這同時,他的妻子卻用另一條毛巾慢得出奇地幫他擦幹背部。
擦完以後,她把毛巾拿出去。男人的身體幹了,他還蹲着,手放在膝蓋上,在火邊恍恍惚惚地看着壁爐,這好像也是他的夜間宗教儀式之一,他的臉上有了血色,心不在焉地捻着金黃鬍子,眼睛還盯着壁爐裏面,爐火把他的上半身映得通紅。
他約摸35歲光景,正值壯年,皮膚平整,渾身沒有一塊多餘的肉,肌肉雖不能算特別發達,然而很靈活,充滿活力,看上去就像一臺休息待命的機器,他的眼睛是那種深深的冰藍色。
他看看四周,還是沒有想起坐在他沙發上的來客。女人從櫃子裏拿出一疊衣服,放到他伸過來的手中,很少見到這麽細長、柔韌的胳膊能有一雙如此粗糙、多繭、結實而幹淨的手。
他拿起內衣、襯衫、就着火略烤一下,然後把兩件衣服往腦袋上一套,腦袋鑽出來。衣服還沒有完全拉好,他便懶洋洋地走進洗衣間,順便從櫃子裏抽出他的睡褲。他妻子拿走毛巾,把晚飯擺上桌子:澆有褐色燒烤汁的洋蔥烤餅,煮土豆和一杯茶。男人從洗衣間走出,衣服、法蘭絨褲子穿得整整齊齊,頭髮筆直地往後梳着,他從桌邊拉開木靠椅,重重地坐下吃飯。
這時他纔將目光投嚮吉米,就像一個有點敵意的男人不經意地註視另一個男人。
“您對這兒不熟悉?”他說,他的口氣有點太客套,甚至可以說太誇張了些。
“完全不熟悉。”吉米回答,一臉表情說不清楚是哭還是笑。
皮納格在碟子裏蘸了點芥末,仔細看看他的食品是否配胃口。
“您從遠道來嗎?”他問道,開始吃起來,他大嚼着,似乎又忘記了吉米的存在,他低頭看着盤子,吃着,一邊慢吞吞地大口大口地往嘴裏塞,一邊顯然思索着什麽事。
“從倫敦來。”吉米說。
“噢,倫敦。”皮納格漫不經心地說了一聲,眼皮也沒擡。
女人又走了進來,默默地坐在燈下的搖椅中。
“是什麽把你吸引到這兒來的?”皮納格問道,攪了攪他的茶。
吉米挪了挪在沙發上的坐姿。“嗯,我是來看望皮納格太太的。”
“那您和她認識?”男人說着,還是沒看吉米,側面對着他。
“是啊,剛認識,”吉米說了下去,“今晚以前我還不認識您太太,她給《評論傢》寄來一些詩稿,我是那兒的編輯,我覺得不錯,便回信給她,接着便産生了來這兒看看的想法,趁此機會結識結識她,她同意我這打算,於是我就來了。”
男人切下一塊面包,咬了起來。“您覺得這好嗎?”他轉嚮吉米,用一種孩子般好奇的目光看看他,似乎想瞭解些什麽,“您將在您的報紙上登嗎?”
“是的,我準備采用。”吉米說。
“她的詩我衹讀過一首,是說一個礦工,她瞭解他的一切,因為她嫁給了他。”他粗聲粗氣地說,帶着一種揶揄的口氣。
吉米不吭聲。這種粗魯的、尋釁的口氣唬住了他。
“《評論傢》對我個人來說毫無意義,”皮納格說着,把他的盤子推嚮一邊,抓過飯後甜食,“我覺得它太羅嗦,說了半天,什麽結果也沒有。”
“有可能的,”吉米答道,有點支支吾吾,“不過怎麽樣纔是有趣的?……如今這世道能有什麽結果呢!況且一本雜志……”“我不知道,”皮納格說,“《解放者》裏有時就有一些有趣的東西,《兩面神》也有點見解,我個人不贊同人們所謂的感情,這將使人一無所獲。”
“對,不過,”吉米一笑,“問題是,會有什麽結果呢?人們總是說得很動聽很漂亮,一切都應該有結果,不過在哪裏?
這世上哪裏有什麽結果呢?我泛泛地想過,如果一個人想在礦山得個較好的職位,好,可以說,他能得到,但是如果想得到生活中的‘什麽結果’,那麽,他就得想明白,他到底要什麽。”
“您聽着,我是個男人,不是嗎?”皮納格突然說得很輕很堅定。
“一個男人,好,”吉米回答說,“不過,這意味着什麽呢?
您是一個男人,怎麽呢?”
“我有沒有權利說,我不願被人利用?”皮納格說得很慢、很粗野、很沉重。
“您當然有這權利,”吉米說,“不過,這說明什麽呢?從喬治國王開始至今,我們都被利用。您吃布丁的同時,您就在利用上百個人,包括您的太太。”
“我知道,我知道,不用再說什麽了,反正我不願被人利用。”
吉米聳了聳肩膀,“妙,妙!好多人說話都是這麽一種方式。”
礦工靜靜地坐在他的椅子上,臉上浮現出一種生硬、冰冷的表情,他似乎是在思考什麽,好像有什麽東西是他的眼中釘、肉中刺,他的臉就像刷過漿糊那樣綳得緊緊的。
“我除了被利用以外什麽都不是,”他自言自語地說着,眼睛盯着不知什麽地方,“在礦井下我被利用,得到我該得到工資,在傢裏我也被利用,我老婆給在我桌上擺上飯菜,好像我是店裏的顧客。”
“是啊,不過您等待什麽呢?”吉米大聲說。
“我?等待?什麽也沒有,不過有一句話我可以對您說,我對兩個都不滿意。”
“您知不知道,您有什麽不滿意?”
“我不願我老婆寫詩,不願她的詩讓那麽多她見也沒見過的人看到,我不願每當我回傢時,看見我老婆像伯阿蒂西婭女王那樣坐着,臉像衹有兩個窟窿的石頭像。她的心情怎麽樣,我不知道,她自己也不知道。不過,她願幹什麽就幹什麽,對我來說都一樣。”
“當然!”吉米叫道,雖然並沒有什麽可讓他說“當然”的。
“她對您講過沒有,我還有一個?”
“講過。”
“那我來告訴您為什麽吧。自從我幹上礦工這一行,每天得在坑道裏做整整8小時的牛馬,別人讓我怎麽幹就怎麽幹。”
“您是想說,”吉米講,“您的妻子應該多為您考慮,——
是啊,這確實是問題,您得有個能多為您考慮的妻子。”這話從吉米口中說出實在是令人驚訝,他坐在這裏,侃侃而談,儼然是個道貌岸然的傳教士在布道,完全忘了他過去歲月中與剋拉麗莎之間破滅的愛情夢。
“我需要一個待我好的女人,她得想着,要待我好。”礦工這麽說。
“別人為什麽得對你好?”他妻子冷冷地問。
“可愛的孩子,我的小女兒也有待我好的意願,如果她母親允許她這麽做的話。我告訴您——”他轉嚮吉米,深藍色的眼珠裏略帶慍意,“我想有個待我好的女人,她必須有待我的好的意願,我傢裏沒有這樣的女人,那我衹好去別的地方找。”
“我希望她待你還不錯。”女人說着,在椅子裏輕輕地晃了晃。
“她待我當然好羅。”
“那為什麽你不幹脆和她住一起?”
“我為什麽不這樣做嗎?因為我已經有了一個傢,我有傢,有老婆,老婆願意怎麽樣就怎麽樣,反正已經在一起過日子了,我還有一個孩子,為什麽要破壞這已經存在的一切呢?”
“那我呢?”她冷冷地、生氣地問。
“你?你有一個傢,你有孩子,你有一個為你做牛做馬的丈夫,你需要的你都有了,你愛幹什麽就幹什麽。”
“這樣的,我能這樣?”她譏誚地問。
“沒錯,除了你要幹的一點傢務活,你愛幹啥都行。什麽時候想走了,你也可以走。不過,衹要你還住在我的傢,你就得放尊重一點,你不能帶任何男人來這兒,你知道不知道。”
“你,尊重你的傢?”
“當然羅!自從我有了一個待我好的女人,我什麽都不用你給了,我所要求你的是,必須盡到一個家庭主婦的義務。”
“還要替你洗屁股。”她極力挖苦,吉米聽來覺得有點粗俗。
“還要替我洗屁股,沒錯,如果我需要你來洗的話。”他說。
“那麽另一個呢?她應該幹這個!”
“這兒是我的傢。”
皮納格太太做了個很特別的動作,好像神志有點不甚清醒似的,吉米坐在那裏,嚇得臉色蒼白。礦工平靜的外表下面隱藏着積聚已久的怨憤及犟頭倔腦的脾性,他狹長的臉上幾乎沒有肉,衹看得見那種男性特有的粗獷骨架,似乎他作為一個男人的所有靈魂、精神全藴於滿是骨頭的腦袋裏。
吉米對這有着一張骨瘦如柴的臉龐的男人的邏輯産生了一種莫名其妙的憤恨,他無法忍受這男人麻木不仁的冷漠和自以為是的固執。
“您聽着,”他用他那口牛津腔說道,“您說,您太太是自由的,愛幹什麽就幹什麽,這樣的話您恐怕不會反對她離開這兒去和我一起生活吧。”
男人驚愕地望着編輯那蒼白的臉,吉米把臉偏嚮一邊,誰都不看,望着不知什麽地方,他眉眼中流露出梅菲斯特般的神氣。
“她願意嗎?”皮納格萬般不信地問道。他的妻子輕衊地微笑着,她看透了這男人由於無能而産生的空虛,她要用另一個男人來取代他。
“這您可以自己問她,”吉米說,“就是因為這緣故我纔來這裏問她,是否願意去我那兒和我一起生活,把孩子也帶上。”
“您來這兒嚮她提這個建議,而在這之前您還沒見過她?”
男人益發感到驚訝。
“沒錯,”吉米激動地說着,喝醉酒般地點點頭,“沒錯,這之前還沒見過她。”
“這次你弄詩可弄到一隻怪鳥了。”他狎昵地說着,轉嚮他妻子,她可真討厭這種大大咧咧的丈夫派頭。
“那你又弄到一隻什麽樣的怪鳥?”她回敬了一句。
“你是用什麽東西弄來的?”
“用粘鳥膠。”她冷冷地一笑。3個人都坐着,一言不發,氣氛相當緊張。終於,皮納格開口了:“那你是怎麽回答他的?”
吉米擡起頭,臉上挂着幸災樂禍的微笑,這種表情反而使他變得漂亮起來,他朝坐在椅子上看着他的女人笑笑,算是鼓動。
“我說,好。”她冷靜地回答。
她丈夫僵直地坐在靠椅上,眼睛不知望着哪裏,什麽都不說,好像在註意觀察,有什麽東西從他內心騰起,離他而去,他不打算使自己的內心再有什麽激動,他無法相信,女人會如此輕易地拋棄他。
“我可以肯定,”吉米又說開了,“這樣對大傢都好,您並沒失去什麽,”他有點不安地加上一句,“要是她將孩子也帶走呢?我敢擔保,這樣對孩子有好處。”
礦工看着他,好象他遠在幾裏這外,但吉米知道,他是在剋製內心的激動,不讓任何感情在他那男性的、滿是骨着頭的臉上反映出來。
“我讓她自由,”男人說,“隨她的便。”
“出於父愛還是出於利己?”女人說。
“就我來說,她可以隨她自己高興。”他神志恍惚地重複了一遍。
“我說呀,你可真大方!”她第一次露出失望的樣子。
吉米看了看表,已經很晚了,有可能無法再進他住的地方,他起身說,明天早上再過來,中午還得趕火車回倫敦。
他又走進荒蕪地帶陰暗的夜色中,他的心中升起一種莫名其妙的感覺,也稍稍有點害怕,不過他是需要有點害怕的感覺,不致於心裏空蕩蕩的。在恐懼中,他想起小房裏那兩個相對而坐、緘默的人,他還從沒經歷過比這更動人心魄的時刻,他需要和解、體諒、同情,和皮納格太太可以達成這樣的默契,和埃米莉婭,埃米莉婭——他得習慣叫這個名字,應該叫埃米莉纔對,埃米莉婭聽上去有點怪誕,但他從來不曾遇見過一個埃米莉。
害怕和興奮,他幹了多麽了不起的事啊!他好像沒有愛上她,上帝知道,他衹是想把她從丈夫身邊拉走,同時他也需要她所意味的奇遇,她是一個奇遇。他感到興奮,感到自豪,感到像個男人。
早晨,他懷着忐忑不安的心情走進皮納格的房子,天氣仍然陰沉,像是要下雨,黑色的樹木,黑色的街道,黑色的灌木叢,熏黑的磚瓦房,煤礦的氣味、煙霧和嗓音,又開始了暗無天日的一天。這就是陌生的地獄生活。
孩子替他開了門,金黃色的頭髮,紅潤的臉蛋,熱切的深藍色眼睛。
“早!珍妮。”他說。
母親僵直地站在廚房桌子邊,很高大,她用不安的目光看着他。她很漂亮,但皮膚不理想,生活的磨難給她的健康帶來很大的影響。吉米嚮她輕柔、動人地笑笑,他這特有的微笑點能打動女人的心,當他接觸到她那金黃色瞳仁的眼睛時,發現她也在註視他,而且一點也不友好,他想:“天哪,我怎麽能和這樣的女人睡覺?”不過此時,他良好的願望占了上風,他得這麽做。
看到坐在壁爐邊上的礦工那張無肉、呆滯的臉和瘦長的身形,他的良好願望就更加強烈了——他必須戰勝這個男人!
“您搭哪一班火車?”皮納格太太問。
“12點30分的那班。”他衝她一笑,孩子氣十足,非常可愛,她感激地接受了這個微笑。拿這微笑和她丈夫陰沉、固執的眼睛相比,那種緊張、瘦削對她來說始終是一種威脅,而這個男人波斯貓般的眼睛卻隱藏着果敢、羞怯的誘惑,她被吸引住了。
“您得早一點吃午飯。”她說。
“不,”他叫了起來,在那個男人的眼睛註視下吃飯,幾乎可以說是可怕,“不,我吃了一頓豐盛的早餐,在謝菲爾德市轉車時我可以在車站吃一塊黃油面包,真的!”
她準備出去買點東西,她說等她回來後,陪他去車站,那時剛過11點。
“不過、您聽着,”吉米同時看了看她,又看了看那男人,他坐在那裏若無其事地看報,“有件事我們得說妥,我想讓皮納格太太及孩子和我一起過,她也同意了,是不是最好今天就一起走?您收拾些必需品放進手提包,走吧,為什麽還要推遲呢?”
“我說行,”男人回答,“她隨時可以離開,隨她的便。”
“那太好了!您願不願意馬上一起走?”吉米很有把握地說,以為她會無條件地服從。
“這不行,”她果斷地說,“今天不行。”
“但是為什麽不行?為什麽不趁我還在這裏的時候一起走?您有自由,可以隨便幹您所願……”“自由對我暫時還沒用,”她生硬地說,“反正今天不行。”
“那什麽時候行?”他緊逼着問道:“越快越好!”
“星期一。”她直截了當地說。
“星期一?”他重複了一遍,非常吃驚,然後他咬緊牙齒,點了點頭。“好吧,今天是星期六,那麽,星期一就星期一吧。”
“如果您能諒解我的話,”她說,“我現在得出去買點東西,回來後就陪您去車站。”
她給珍妮穿上一件天藍色的上衣,自己披上深黑色的過鼕大衣,戴上黑帽子走了。吉米和礦工坐在房間裏,覺得很不自在。皮納格戴着眼鏡,現在他摘掉它,把報紙放在一邊,隨口談了點關於社會民主黨政府的事。
“確實如此,”吉米說,“這很自然,衹要人們想到民主,就一定會選社會民主黨的,我個人認為這個政府比別的都強。”
“也許吧,”皮納格說,“不過,有些事或早或晚會發生。”
“可以這麽說。”吉米應了一句,他們又一次陷入沉默中。
“您結過婚嗎?”過了一會兒,皮納格問。
“結過,我離婚了。”
“我想,您一定希望我同意離婚羅。”皮納格說。
“……當然,這再好不過了。”
“我無所謂,”皮納格說,“離婚或者不離,我和另一個一起生活,不過不和另一個結婚。就這樣,我感到很好,不過如果她要離婚就離吧。”
“這當然再好不過了。”吉米說。
停頓。他真希望女人回來。
“我把您看作某類工具,”皮納格說,“準有什麽會完蛋,您衹是這類工具。”
吉米發現,他怎麽和這男人攀談起來了?他恨自己做不到和他坐在一個房間裏而不受他的影響。
“我老婆,”皮納格幾乎是譏誚、嘲諷地重新拾起話題,“恨不得她離開我後,我就被車軲轆輾死,這是她最後的一絲希望。”
吉米無言以對,另一個則靜靜地坐着,像一個被判無期徒刑的囚徒,坐在角落,望着窗子等待着什麽。
這就是塞壬說的一切。吉米雙膝發軟,回到傢中。星期天早上他心驚膽戰地寫了一封信,不知開頭該怎樣稱呼,“親愛的皮納格太太”或“親愛的埃米莉婭”,對他來說不是顯得已經過時就是為時過晚,幹脆什麽“愛”都不寫,空着擡頭。
“我希望您在動身前收到這封信。也許我們太草率了,我請您無論如何,在來之前作最後的定奪,如果您不是完全出於自己的决定,那麽就別來,哪怕還心存一絲動搖,您就該等着,等着,一直到您自己完全决定了,這樣或那樣去做。如果您不願來,我也會理解的,衹是希望你來封電報。您要是來的話,我會衷心歡迎您和孩子的,永遠是您的J·F·”他付給差役一筆旅費,另外又給了3英鎊,讓他坐星期日火車把這封信送去。
差役晚上就回來了,說是已經將信送到,但沒有回覆可帶來。
一個不好受的星期天晚上,一個令人心煩的星期一早晨!
電報終於來了:12:50和珍妮坐瑪麗雷邦號抵。埃米莉婭。
吉米咬緊兩排牙齒,來到火車站,她牽着孩子的手,慢慢走下火車,當他遇見她濃眉下凝重的目光時,他差點暈過去。一絲病態的微笑浮現在他的臉上,他嚮她伸出手:
“您來這裏,我真是太高興了!”
他們坐進出租車後,他對她産生出一種扭麯的、強烈的情欲,簡直無法自製。他清清楚楚地感覺到另外一個男人也同時擁有着她,於是他就像喝了許多酒似地,醉醺醺的,另外還有一個男人!他不知怎麽地總感到另外一個軀體在場——那個丈夫!女人在他的懷抱中扭動着,她將和他結婚,這是無可輓回的了。
吉米仿佛喝了威士忌一樣,他更應該把兩個中的哪一個人摁倒在地上:這個女人,還是那個男人?
蘇建文譯
作者:勞倫斯
第一部
一、兩姐妹
二、初涉愛河
三、悉尼奇遇
四、裸體模特
五、父親之死
六、“雨魂”騎手
七、別墅之戀
八、雪山欲海
九、不願做情婦
第二部
一、舊夢重溫
二、亂倫
三、綿綿此情
四、欲海橫流
五、柔情似水
六、精誠所致
七、同床異夢
第三部
一、妒火中燒
二、魂牽夢縈
三、乘虛而入
四、相聚
五、驀然回首,那人卻在燈火闌珊處
第一部
一、兩姐妹
二、初涉愛河
三、悉尼奇遇
四、裸體模特
五、父親之死
六、“雨魂”騎手
七、別墅之戀
八、雪山欲海
九、不願做情婦
第二部
一、舊夢重溫
二、亂倫
三、綿綿此情
四、欲海橫流
五、柔情似水
六、精誠所致
七、同床異夢
第三部
一、妒火中燒
二、魂牽夢縈
三、乘虛而入
四、相聚
五、驀然回首,那人卻在燈火闌珊處
作者:D.H.勞倫斯[英]
黑馬 譯
《袋鼠》第十二章中描寫主人公索默斯離別英國的這段凄婉文字,恰恰是勞倫斯經歷了第一次世界大戰期間的精神重創,懷着對英國愛恨交織的復雜情感惜別故土時的真實寫照。他怎能不愛生他養他的祖國?他怎能不愛這片給了他文學靈感的古老而美麗的故鄉?即使他不愛英國這個國傢,他又怎能不愛那造就了他非凡文學靈魂的諾丁漢家乡?但殘酷的現實是:勞倫斯成了英國的逐客,他命中註定浪跡天涯,客死他鄉。有文學史傢評說,因為與這個把持英國文學報於的圈子不睦,勞倫斯損失慘重,其被承認的時間推遲了一代。這是“文人相輕”的典型例子,令人無奈、扼腕。劍橋一布魯姆斯伯裏圈子固然尊貴高雅,但終歸是高處不勝寒。
第01章 托裏斯汀
第02章 芳鄰
第03章 喂,看左舷!
第04章 傑剋與傑茲
第05章 咕咕宅
第06章 袋鼠
第07章 舌戰
第08章 火山跡象
第09章 迷惘的婚姻
第10章 退伍兵
第11章 威利·特勞瑟斯與袋鼠
第12章 噩夢
第13章 復仇
第14章 碎聞
第15章 傑剋反擊
第16章 城中騷亂
第17章 袋鼠死了
第18章 別了,澳大利亞
黑馬 譯
《袋鼠》第十二章中描寫主人公索默斯離別英國的這段凄婉文字,恰恰是勞倫斯經歷了第一次世界大戰期間的精神重創,懷着對英國愛恨交織的復雜情感惜別故土時的真實寫照。他怎能不愛生他養他的祖國?他怎能不愛這片給了他文學靈感的古老而美麗的故鄉?即使他不愛英國這個國傢,他又怎能不愛那造就了他非凡文學靈魂的諾丁漢家乡?但殘酷的現實是:勞倫斯成了英國的逐客,他命中註定浪跡天涯,客死他鄉。有文學史傢評說,因為與這個把持英國文學報於的圈子不睦,勞倫斯損失慘重,其被承認的時間推遲了一代。這是“文人相輕”的典型例子,令人無奈、扼腕。劍橋一布魯姆斯伯裏圈子固然尊貴高雅,但終歸是高處不勝寒。
第01章 托裏斯汀
第02章 芳鄰
第03章 喂,看左舷!
第04章 傑剋與傑茲
第05章 咕咕宅
第06章 袋鼠
第07章 舌戰
第08章 火山跡象
第09章 迷惘的婚姻
第10章 退伍兵
第11章 威利·特勞瑟斯與袋鼠
第12章 噩夢
第13章 復仇
第14章 碎聞
第15章 傑剋反擊
第16章 城中騷亂
第17章 袋鼠死了
第18章 別了,澳大利亞