《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 shì shí jiǔ shì jì zhù míng de fǎ guó xiǎo shuō， zuò zhě 'āi kè duō mǎ luò (1830-1907) shì yǐ fā zhǎn bìng tí gāo liǎo dāng shí de qíng jié jù xiǎo shuō 'ér zài rù fǎ guó jìn dài wén xué shǐ de zuò jiā zhī yī。 mǎ luò shì wèi duō chǎn zuò jiā， yī shēng xiě guò bù xià qī shí bù xiǎo shuō， ér《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 shì qí zhōng zuì wéi jiā yù hù xiǎo de yī bù。 zhè bù xiǎo shuō wèn shì hòu， céng bèi yì chéng yīng、 dé、 é、 rì děng duō zhǒng wén zì， ér qiě yī zhí dào yī bǎi duō nián hòu de jīn tiān， tā yǐ rán zài fǎ guó bèi chóngyìn chū bǎn， bìng duō cì bèi bān shàng yín mù。
《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 - zuò pǐn jiǎn jiè
18 shì jì de shí hòu， ōu zhōu yīn wéi zhēng qì jī de fā míng， dǎo zhì liǎo xǔ duō rén shī yè。 láo gōng de dài yù yě hěn dī， shēng chǎn yě méi yòu bǎo zhàng。 lù měi shì yī gè fǎ guó de xiāng xià hái zǐ， běn lái tā chū shēng zài yīng guó， bèi huài rén tōu dào bā lí xiāng xià， yóu pín qióng de bā bèi lán mā mā fǔ yǎng zhǎngdà。 kě shì yīn wéi tā bù shàn cháng zuò nóng huó， jiù bèi bā bèi lán mā mā de zhàng fū yé lǔ mài gěi liǎo bái hú zǐ yé yé bǐ dá lì de xì bān zǐ。 zhè gè xì bān zǐ chú liǎo lù měi hé bǐ dá lì， jiù zhǐ yòu sān zhǐ gǒu， yī zhǐ hóu zǐ。 gǒu yòu： kǎ bǐ、 ěr bǐ luó hé duō 'ěr。 hóu zǐ shì xiǎo bǎo bèi。 tā men shàng lù liǎo。 dì yī cì biǎo yǎn shì zài yú sài 'ěr， fēi cháng chéng gōng。 hòu lái， tā men yòu dào liǎo tǔ lǔ sī， bǐ dá lì bèi jǐng chá zhuā zhù liǎo。 lù měi hé dòng wù huǒ bàn men zhǐ hǎo yī qǐ táo lí。 lù měi qià qiǎo zài tiān 'é chuán shàng yù dào liǎo 'ā sè hé méi lǐ gān fū rén， gēn tā men dù guò liǎo yī duàn kuài lè shí guāng。 zhuǎn yǎn， bǐ dá lì chū yù liǎo， tā men yòu tà shàng liǎo lǚ chéng。 yī gè fēng xuě jiāo jiā de rì zǐ， tā men zhǎo dào liǎo yī zuò xiǎo fáng zǐ。 bàn yè， ěr bǐ luó hé duō 'ěr bèi láng diāo zǒu liǎo， xiǎo bǎo bèi yě sǐ liǎo。 tā men qiān xīn wàn kǔ zhōng yú lái dào bā lí， kě wǎn shàng méi yòu dì fāng shuì， bǐ dá lì wèile bǎo hù lù měi 'ér sǐ liǎo。 lù měi hé kǎ bǐ bèi yà gēn yī jiā jiù liǎo qǐ lái。 yà gēn yī jiā yòu sì gè hái zǐ： ā liè xī、 bān ní、 ài jīn、 lì sī。 jiù zhè yàng， lù měi zài yà gēn jiā dù guò liǎo liǎng nián。 yī tiān， yà gēn dài shàng hái zǐ men qù péng yǒu jiā chī fàn。 tū rán xià qǐ liǎo bīng báo， bǎ huā chuáng hé wēn shì zá làn liǎo。 ér yà gēn de fáng zǐ dōushì jiè qián mǎi lái dé， tā zhǐ hǎo zuò wǔ nián láo， bǎ hái zǐ jiāo gěi qīn qī péng yǒu zhào gù。 lù měi jiù hé kǎ bǐ zuàn qián。 lù shàng， tā men yù dào liǎo mǎ shā。 cóng cǐ， zhè gè xì bān zǐ yòu duō liǎo yī gè rén。 tā men lù guò liǎo yī gè cūn zhuāng， mǎ shā hé lù měi tánzòu yuèqì， kǎ bǐ jiù tiào wǔ。 dì yī cì yǎn chū， tā men jiù dé dào liǎo 28 gè fǎ láng。 tā men jué dìng biān zǒu biān kàn wàng yà gēn de sì gè hái zǐ， cuán zú liǎo qián， jiù mǎi yī tóu mǔ niú gěi bā bèi lán mā mā。 tā men lù shàng kàn liǎo 'ā liè xī hé lì sī， hái mǎi liǎo yī tóu jiàn zhuàng de nǎi niú gěi liǎo bā bèi lán mā mā。 bā bèi lán mā mā shuō lù měi de jiā rén zài zhǎo tā， tā men jiù qù zhǎo tā de jiā rén。 méi xiǎng dào zhǎo dào de rén shì bǎ lù měi tōu chū lái dé rén， tā men hái bǎ kǎ bǐ xùn liàn chéng liǎo xiǎo tōu。 zuì hòu， tā men hái shì lí kāi liǎo。 lù měi hé mǎ shā zhǔn bèi qù zhǎo méi lǐ gān fū rén hé 'ā sè。 tīng shuō méi lǐ gān fū rén bǎ lì sī shōu liú liǎo。 jīng guò yī tiáo dà yùn hé， tā men zhǎo dào liǎo tiān 'é hào， zhèng shí liǎo méi lǐ gān fū rén jiù shì lù měi de qīn shēng mǔ qīn！ zhōng yú， lù měi guò shàng liǎo xìng fú de shēng huó。
《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 - zuò zhě jiǎn jiè
yé kè tè mǎ luò（ yī bā sān 0 nián zhì yī jiǔ 0 qī nián） shì shí jiǔ shì jì fǎ guó xiǎo shuō jiā， nián qīng shí céng jìn rù yī jiā lǜ shī shì wù suǒ gōng zuò。 zài nà lǐ， tā kāi shǐ liǎo zì jǐ de xiǎo shuō chuàng zuò。 tā de dì yī bù xiǎo shuō zài dāng shí dà huò chéng gōng， yú shì tā zhuànxiàng liǎo zhuān yè xiě zuò。 zài fǎ guó wén xué shǐ shàng， mǎ luò de míng shēng bìng bù xiàng wǒ men shú xī de bā 'ěr zhā kè、 yǔ guǒ děng zuò jiā nà yàng xiǎn hè， bù guò， tā kě shì gè duō chǎn zuò jiā， yī shēng zhì shǎo xiě liǎo qī shí bù xiǎo shuō， ér qiě dà duō zài dāng shí shí fēn chàng xiāo， qí zhōng《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 gèng shì jiā yù hù xiǎo， shì shí jiǔ shì jì yī bù zhù míng de xiǎo shuō。 běn shū gāng wèn shì shí， biàn shòu dào liǎo rén men de pǔ biàn huān yíng， jiān huò dé fǎ guó jiào yù bù de wén xué jiǎng， hái bèi yì wéi duō guó wén zì。
《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 - zuò pǐn jià zhí
xiǎo shuō《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 wú yí shì yī bù zài shěn měi jià zhí hé rèn shí jià zhí shàng dū yǐ jīng tí gāo liǎo de qíng jié jù xiǎo shuō。 ér diàn yǐng《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 zé ràng guān zhòng zài duì gù shì běn shēn yòu suǒ liǎo jiě de jī chǔ shàng yòu liǎo gèng jiā zhí guān de rèn shí， xiāng xìn měi yī wèi kàn guò yǐngpiān de guān zhòng dū huì zài xīn dǐ wéi gù shì zhōng de xiǎo zhù rén gōng zhù fú， tóng shí wéi shēng huó zài nà gè kǔ nán nián dài de hái zǐ men qí dǎo！
qíng jié jù xiǎo shuō， gù míng sī yì， shì yǐ qíng jié qǔ shèng de xiǎo shuō， tā zhuī qiú chuán qí xìng， qiáng diào xì jù xìng， yīn 'ér wǎng wǎng piān lí shēng huó de zhēn shí。 dàn shì《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 bù tóng， tā suī rán chuān de shì qíng jié jù de xì zhuāng， biǎo xiàn de què shì dāng shí fǎ guó tiān tiān dōuyào fā shēng de zuì zhēn shí de shēng huó。
《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 - rén wù xíng xiàng
bā bó lán mā mā shì shàn liáng de， léi mǐ bèi bā bó lán xiān shēng mài gěi wéi tài lì sī hòu， bā bó lán mā mā rú rè guō shàng de mǎ yǐ， zài yuàn zǐ lǐ páo lái páo qù de qíng jǐng， shuō míng tā shī qù 'ér zǐ de jiāo zhuó yǔ jué wàng。
wéi tài lì sī shì yī gè zhí dé rén jìng zhòng de juésè， “ ràng léi mǐ jiē shòu shēng huó yán jùn de kǎo yàn， zhè yào bǐ tā zài nǐ men jiā guò nà zhǒng suī fēi nín de běn yì、 dàn shí jì shàng què shì lèi sì pú tóng de shēng huó wéi hǎo。 ” zhè shì dāng shí wéi tài lì sī yào cóng mǐ lì gēn fū rén shēn biān dài zǒu léi mǐ de lǐ yóu， zuì zhōng léi mǐ yòu huí dào liǎo zì jǐ de qīn shēng mǔ qīn mǐ lì gēn fū rén shēn biān， nà shì hòu huà。 wéi tài lì sī jiào léi mǐ dú shū、 xiě zì、 chàng gē， tā jiào léi mǐ chàng de gē chéng liǎo zhè bù xiǎo shuō de zhù tí qū， wǒ men fǎng fó kě yǐ tīng dào léi mǐ róu hé 'ér lüè dài qī liáng de tóng shēng。 mǎ luò wéi wéi tài lì sī huà chū liǎo yī gè jù yòu bù kě diàn wū de dào dé guān hé bù kě zhàn shèng de zì zūn xīn de shēn shì xíng xiàng。
wéi tài lì sī bèi dòng sǐ hòu， léi mǐ bèi lì sī yī jiā suǒ jiù， lì sī jiā lǐ yáng yì zhe qīn qíng de wēn nuǎn， běn shì ràng rén mǎn xīn huān xǐ， piān piān hǎo jǐng bù cháng， yīcháng bào fēng yǔ， ràng fù qīn jìn liǎo jiān yù， xiōng mèi men gè zì tóu kào liǎo qīn qī。 dú shí， zì jǐ bù zì jìn dì shēng chū yí hàn lái。
tè lǔ yé 'ěr méi kuàng de shuǐ zāi shì yī chū diǎn xíng de xiàn shí zhù yì xì jù， ràng rén gǎn shòu dào《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 bìng bù dān chún jiù shì yī bù yòu zhe měi hǎo jié jú de tóng huà gù shì。 kuàng zhù zhǐ yòng jǐ bàng kā fēi、 jǐ piàn huǒ tuǐ jiù bǎ gōng rén qīng 'ér yì jǔ dì piàn jìn liǎng bǎi mǐ shēn de dì xià qù sòng mìng。
《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 - nèi róng fēn xī
xiǎo shuō xiě de shì yī gè qì 'ér de lì xiǎn shēng yá。 tā de kāi juàn dì yī gè qíng jié， biàn shì yī gè bā suì de qì 'ér bèi dāng zuò shēng kǒu yī yàng chū zū de yīcháng tǎo jià hái jià de jiāo yì。 cóng zhè dì yī gè qíng jié kāi shǐ， qì 'ér léi mǐ de mìng yùn jiù chéng liǎo shū zhōng jù yòu cí shí bān xī lì de xuán niàn； yě shì cóng zhè gè qíng jié kāi shǐ， wéi rào léi mǐ de mìng yùn， zhǎn kāi liǎo zuò zhě jīng xīn shè jì de、 fù yú chuán qí xìng de、 zhū rú xiè hòu yǎ nǚ、 mǎi niú bào 'ēn、 shēn lín zéi wō、 méng yuān dūn yù、 wáng mìng tiào chē、 qīn rén tuán yuán děng qíng jié。《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 bù jǐn zài qíng jié shàng hé rén wù xuán niàn shàng jù yòu dāng shí liú xíng de qíng jié jù tè sè， tā hái tóng qíng jié jù yī yàng， yòu zhe yī zhī zhù tí gē。 mǎ luò chéng gōng dì bǎ zhè zhī zhù tí gē zhù jìn liǎo qì 'ér léi mǐ de xìng gé hé xíng xiàng zhī zhōng， shǐ tā chéng liǎo zhè bù xiǎo shuō de bù kě fēn gē de yī bù fēn， yě shǐ zhè bù xiǎo shuō jù bèi liǎo yīnyuè gǎn rǎn lì。 dú zhě de xīn líng jiāng zài xiǎo shuō de nǎ gè duàn luò shàng chàn dòng， zuò zhě yě zǒng shì qià hǎo zài zhè gè duàn luò shàng jǔ qǐ tā de zhǐ huī bàng， ràng nǐ tīng dào xiǎo zhù rén gōng chàng zhù tí gē shí róu hé 'ér qī liáng de tóng yīn。 qíng jié jù xiǎo shuō， gù míng sī yì， shì yǐ qíng jié qǔ shèng de xiǎo shuō， tā zhuī qiú chuán qí xìng， qiáng diào xì jù xìng， yīn 'ér wǎng wǎng piān lí shēng huó de zhēn shí。 dàn shì《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 bù tóng， tā suī rán chuān de shì qíng jié jù de xì zhuāng， biǎo xiàn de què shì dāng shí fǎ guó tiān tiān dōuyào fā shēng de zuì zhēn shí de shēng huó。 tā shì yī miàn fǎn yìng shēng huó de míng liàng de jìng zǐ， dàn shì， yòu shì yī miàn lí qí de jìng zǐ。 tā yìng zhào chū lái de， jì yòu běn lái miàn mùdì shēng huó， yě yòu tú shàng liǎo bān lán de lí qí sè cǎi de shēng huó。 mǎ luò zài《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 zhōng biǎo lù dé rú cǐ pín fán de nà zhǒng quàn shàn xìng de dào dé guān， méi yòu xī yǐn lì， yīn wéi tā men xiǎn rán tài chōu xiàng 'ér qiě yòu piān jiàn； dàn shì tā zài xiǎo shuō zhōng shī zhǎn dé rú cǐ xián shú de、 rú cǐ dé xīn yìng shǒu de、 yǐ qíng jié jù xiǎo shuō de miàn mù chū xiàn de xiàn shí zhù yì de yì shù fāng fǎ。 xiǎo zhù rén gōng léi mǐ shì zhēn shí de， yīn wéi tā shì qiān bǎi gè yǐ jīng zài tiān zāi rén huò zhōng bèi tūn shì liǎo xiǎo shēng mìng de qì 'ér de huà shēn。 cóng qì 'ér léi mǐ shēn shàng， chéng bǎi shàng qiān gè yǐ jīng sǐ qù de léi mǐ de shī tǐ。 zài yì shù xiǎng xiàng lì zhōng fù huó liǎo de huà shēn， shì zhēn shí de。 wéi tài lì sī shì zhēn shí de。
xiǎo shuō shì yī gè céng jīng fěi shēng yì dà lì shēngyuè wǔ tái de míng gē shǒu de bēi jù xià chǎng。 mǎ luò de《 wéi tài lì sī dǎo bì tú》， huà chū liǎo yī gè jù yòu bù kě diàn wū de dào dé guān hé bù kě zhàn shèng de zì zūn xīn de qiáng zhě de xiào xiàng。 zhè bìng bù shì yī fú biǎo xiàn hǎo xīn cháng de shèng xiàng huà， yīn wéi cóng huà zhōng rén de jī wén hé yǎn shén shàng， tǐ xiàn liǎo liǎo yī bā qī yī nián de kě jìng de bā lí gōng rén de yìng gǔ tóu jīng shén， zhè shì yī fú xiàn shí zhù yì de xiào xiàng huà。 rú guǒ wéi tài lì sī shì xiǎo shuō zhōng de yī zuò diāo xiàng， nà me《 tè lǔ yé 'ěr méi kuàng shuǐ zāi》 jiù shì xiǎo shuō zhōng de zhòng yào de xì zhōng zhī xì； shì miáo xiě kuàng zhù zhǐ yòng jǐ bàng kā fēi、 jǐ piàn huǒ tuǐ jiù bǎ yòu xiē gōng rén qīng 'ér yì jǔ dì piàn jìn liǎng bǎi mǐ shēn de dì xià qù sòng mìng de yī chū xiàn shí zhù yì xì jù。 mǎ luò yòng qù liǎo nà me duō piān fú、 ér qiě lián xì jié yě bù kěn fàng guò dì miáo huà liǎo nà chǎng zāinàn， dāng rán bù zhǐ shì wèile yào biǎo xiàn jǐ gè xìng cún zhě de cāng bái de miàn kǒng， kǒng pà gèng zhù yào shì wèile yào ràng méi yòu lí nán de kuàng gōng men kàn dào yǒu 'ài hù zhù shì hé děng zhòng yào， yě yào kuàng zhù hé shén fù men duō tīng tīng jué wàng de guǎ fù men de hū hào shēng。
《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 chā tú
zhì yú《 xīn lǐ měi xiān shēng bìng sǐ kè diàn》 de gù shì， zhǐ hǎo yòng tóng“ huà shēn” xiāng jìn de zì yǎn lái shuō míng gù shì de zhēn shí xìng。 xīn lǐ měi bìng bù shì yī zhǐ jù yòu qí yì gōng néng de xùn hóu， ér shì dāng shí fǎ guó háo wú shēng huó bǎo zhàng、 sǐ yú pín bìng de liú làng xiǎo yì rén de yōu líng。 zài zhè gè bēi jù lǐ， dāng shí fǎ guó hángyè zuò fāng lǐ cháng jiàn de、 yòu zhe tiān cái dàn guò zǎo dì sǐ qù de pín qióng de nián qīng xué tú de yuān hún。 xīn lǐ měi zhè gè xíng xiàng， yě xǔ shì mǎ luò hán zhuóyǎn lèi xiě chéng de。《 wáng zǐ de nǎi niú》 shì mǎ luò qiǎo miào dì róu jìn zài zhè bù xiǎo shuō zhōng、 shǐ xiǎo shuō běn shēn hé xiǎo shuō zhù rén gōng dōudà fàng guāng cǎi de yī gè lèi sì tóng huà de gù shì。 yīn wéi měi hǎo de tóng huà zǒng shì jì lí qí 'ér yòu zhēn shí de。 mǎ luò miáo xiě de， huò zhě shuō， mǎ luò huà zài huà bù shàng de， shì yī kē jié bái、 zhī 'ēn、 wú sī dàn yòu dài diǎn zhì qì de tóng xīn； tā duō me huān lè， duō me qī liáng， yīn 'ér yě duō me zhēn shí！ mǎ luò shuō guò， tā de zhè bù xiǎo shuō， shì wéi tā de xiǎo nǚ 'ér lù xī xiě de； fǎ guó jìn dài wén xué shǐ shàng yě shuō，《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 qì jīn réng shì fǎ guó qīng shàonián zuì 'ài dú de xiǎo shuō zhī yī。《 wáng zǐ de nǎi niú》 bì rán huì jī qǐ qīng shàonián zuì měi hǎo de gǎn qíng。 rán 'ér zhēn zhèng shǐ zhè bù xiǎo shuō xiǎn shì jiào duō xiàn shí zhù yì sè cǎi de， shì zuò jiā hóng guān dì miáo xiě liǎo tā mù dǔ de shí jiǔ shì jì qī shí nián dài mò qī， chū xiàn zài fǎ guó dì píng xiàn shàng de， běi zì jiā lāi hǎi xiá、 nán zhì dì zhōng hǎi bīn hǎi dì qū de yī gè rú cǐ liáo kuò de chōng mǎn liǎo kǔ nán hé bù xìng de shì jiè。《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 xiě chéng yú yī bā qī bā nián， zhè shì fǎ guó zī chǎn jiē jí jiàn lì dì sān gòng hé de dì sān nián， yě shì yǔ yì yǐ fēng de zī chǎn jiē jí zhǔn bèi shí xiàn gōng yè huà de qián xī。 mǎ luò shǒu zhōng de jìng zǐ， duì zhǔn de zhèng shì zhè gè kǔ nán shì jiè zhōng zuì jù tè zhēng yì yì de tú jǐng， jí： nóng cūn pò chǎn、 gōng rén men 'è liè de láo dòng tiáo jiàn、 tóng gōng shù liàng de jù zēng hé zài fǎ lǜ yǔn xǔ xià de duì tóng gōng de bō xuē； zài shū zhōng qīng chǔ dì kàn dào liǎo zī běn zhù yì gōng yè huà de zāinàn xìng kāi duān； kàn dào liǎo mǎ luò zài zhè bù xiǎo shuō zhōng suǒ biǎo xiàn chū lái de yì shù cái néng： tā dā qǐ liǎo yī gè guàn chuān fǎ guó nán běi de、 mǎn mù qī liáng de dà wǔ tái， ràng wéi tài lì sī hé tā de xì bān zǐ， ā gēn lǎo diē hé tā de yī jiā zǐ， jiā sī bā 'ěr dà shū hé tā de tuī chē gōng， zài huà zhe jù yòu zhēn shí de shí dài tè zhēng tú xiàng de kuān kuò bù jǐng qián， shàng yǎn yī gè gè yòu shí shǐ nǐ kū qì、 yòu shí shǐ nǐ pò tì wéi xiào de“ chuán qí xìng” jié mù。《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 wú yí shì yī bù zài shěn měi jià zhí hé rèn shí jià zhí shàng dū yǐ jīng tí gāo liǎo de qíng jié jù xiǎo shuō。
《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 - zuò pǐn píng jià
《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 zuò wéi shí jiǔ shì jì wén xué yí chǎn zhōng tí gāo liǎo de qíng jié jù xiǎo shuō， jù yòu zhòng yào de dài biǎo xìng。 gù shì wéi rào xiǎo zhù rén gōng léi mǐ de mìng yùn， zhǎn kāi liǎo zuò zhě jīng xīn shè jì de、 fù yú chuán qí xìng de qíng jié。《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 bù tóng yú qí tā qíng jié jù xiǎo shuō qiáng diào xì jù xìng cóng 'ér tuō lí xiàn shí shēng huó， tā suǒ biǎo xiàn de shì dāng shí fǎ guó měi tiān dōuyào fā shēng de zuì zhēn shí de shēng huó。
gù shì zhōng de xiǎo zhù rén gōng léi mǐ shì qiān bǎi wàn gè yǐ jīng zài tiān zāi rén huò zhōng bèi tūn shì liǎo xiǎo shēng mìng de qì 'ér de huà shēn， yīn cǐ zài yì shù xiǎng xiàng zhōng fù huó liǎo de huà shēn shì zhēn shí de。 ér fǎ guó xiǎo yǎn yuán zhū lè xī tè lǔ kè zài piàn zhōngjiàng léi mǐ de tiān zhēn shàn liáng háo wú diāo zhuó dì biǎo xiàn liǎo chū lái， tā nà yī shuāng chún jié tòu míng de dà yǎn jīng ràng guān zhòng cóng yī kàn dào zhè gè mìng yùn kǎn kě de hái zǐ jiù huì fā zì nèi xīn de duì tā chǎn shēng lián 'ài； céng jīng shì fěi shēng yì dà lì gē jù jiè de míng gē chàng jiā zuì zhōng què yǐ bēi jù shōu chǎng de wéi dá lǐ， bèi zuò zhě kè huà chéng yī gè jù yòu bù kě diàn wū de dào dé guān jí bù kě zhàn shèng de zì zūn xīn de qiáng zhě xíng xiàng， dú zhě sì hū kě yǐ cóng tā shēn shàng kàn dào nà gè shí dài bā lí gōng rén shēn shàng lìng rén jìng pèi de yìng gǔ tóu jīng shén， yīn cǐ wéi dá lǐ yě shì zhēn shí de。 zhè gè wéi dá lǐ yóu céng jīng zhù yǎn guò《 jīn fā nán hái》、《 xià rì yí shī de 27 gè wěn》 de fǎ guó zhù míng nán yǎn yuán pí 'āi 'ěr lǐ xià 'ěr yùn yòng xián shú de yǎn jì jiāng zhè gè zhèng zhèng tiě gǔ de hàn zǐ tǐ tiē wēn róu de yī miàn biǎo xiàn dé lín lí jìn zhì； shèn zhì duì yú gù shì zhōng xiǎo hóu zǐ měi xīn de sǐ， dōukě yǐ bèi kàn zuò shì dāng shí fǎ guó háo wú shēng huó bǎo zhàng、 sǐ yú pín kùn de liú làng xiǎo yì rén de zhēn shí xiě zhào。 zài zhè gè bēi jù zhōng， dú zhě sì hū hái kě yǐ kàn dào dāng shí fǎ guó hángyè zuò fāng lǐ cháng jiàn de、 yòu zhe tiān cái què guò zǎo sǐ qù de pín qióng de nián qīng xué tú de yuān hún。 zhèng shì zhè zhǒng zhēn shí， cái néng ràng dú zhě liú xià tóng qíng de yǎn lèi。
rán 'ér zhēn zhèng shǐ zhè bù xiǎo shuō xiǎn shì jiào duō xiàn shí zhù yì sè cǎi de， shì zuò zhě hóng guān dì miáo xiě liǎo tā mù dǔ de shí jiǔ shì jì qī shí nián dài mò qī， chū xiàn zài fǎ guó dì píng xiàn shàng de běi zì jiā lāi hǎi xiá， nán zhì dì zhōng hǎi bīn hǎi dì qū de yī gè rú cǐ liáo kuò de què chōng mǎn liǎo kǔ nán hé bù xìng de shì jiè。
《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 xiě chéng yú 1878 nián， zhè shì fǎ guó zī chǎn jiē jí jiàn lì dì sān gòng hé de dì sān nián， yě shì yǔ yì fēng mǎn de zī chǎn jiē jí zhǔn bèi shí xiàn gōng yè huà de qián xī。 mǎ luò de xiǎo shuō zhèng shì zhè gè kǔ nán shì jiè zhōng zuì jù tè zhēng yì yì de xiě zhào： nóng cūn pò chǎn、 gōng rén men 'è liè de láo dòng tiáo jiàn、 tóng gōng shù liàng de jù zēng hé zài fǎ lǜ yǔn xǔ xià de duì tóng gōng de bō xuē。 zhè shǐ dú zhě zài shū zhōng qīng chǔ de kàn dào liǎo zī běn zhù yì gōng yè huà zāinàn xìng de kāi duān； tóng shí yě kàn dào liǎo mǎ luò zài zhè bù xiǎo shuō zhōng biǎo xiàn chū lái de yì shù cái néng。
《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 -《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 diàn yǐng
dǎo yǎn： ràng - dān ní 'ěr ·
zhù yǎn： sī tè fǎ nuò · dí PhilippeNahRoseThiéryJulesSitrukPierreFores wéi luó ní kǎ · fèi ...
piàn cháng： chǎn dì： jié kè fǎ guó dé guó
lèi xíng： jù qíng yán sè： cǎi sè
fēn jí： duì bái： fǎ yǔ
shàng yìng rì qī： 2000 nián 12 yuè 18 rì
First Volume
Jerome Barberin lives with his wife in a little French town, Chavanon. He usually isn't home, since he works in Paris as a mason. One day he finds a baby boy. The boy wears very fine clothes, so apparently his parents are rich. Barberin offers to take care of the child, hoping to get a good reward. He gives the boy to his wife, and calls him Remi. Afterwards, Barberin gets injured in an accident. He blames his employer and hopes to receive financial compensation in a trial. The trial costs a lot of money, and Barberin tells his wife to sell her cow (her main source of wealth) and to get rid of Remi. She does the former.
When Remi is eight years old, and this is where the story starts, Barberin comes home unexpectedly. He sees that Remi is still there and decides to lose no time getting rid of him. The next day Barberin meets a travelling artist in the local pub. His name is Signor Vitalis, and he travels through France with three dogs - Capi, Zerbino and Dolce - and a monkey, Joli-Cœur. Vitalis offers to take care of Remi and Remi leaves his childhood home, without even a chance to say goodbye to his foster mother (who would have done anything to prevent the transaction) and starts a journey of the roads of France. It turns out that Vitalis is a kind man, certainly better company than Barberin. Vitalis teaches him to play the harp and to read. Often Remi is hungry and has no roof over his head; but in the animals, especially in Capi, he gains dear friends, and in Vitalis he finds the father he lacks. Together they travel through France, and they earn a living by giving musical and stage performances.
When they are in Toulouse, a sad incident, which reflects the unjust social structure of 19th Century France, puts Vitalis into jail. It is not easy for a ten-year-old to feed himself and four animals under his care, and they nearly starve, when they meet the "Swan" - a little river ship owned by Mrs. Milligan and her ill son Arthur. They take Remi in to entertain the sick boy, but soon start seeing a person in Remi, and he becomes part of the family. He learns that Arthur used to have an elder brother, who disappeared before Arthur was born, and Mrs. Milligan's brother-in-law, James, has attempted in vain to find him back. This was advantageous for James Milligan, since, by the English law, he was to inherit all of his brother's fortune if he died childless. This did not work, because soon Arthur was born. After two months Vitalis is released from jail, Remi and the Milligans like to stay together, but Vitalis wants Remi back, and so they say goodbye. However, Mrs. Milligan judges that Vitalis is a very kind and honest man.
Vitalis tells Remi that he has done a good choice: one must eat his own bread. But on the way to Paris in a snowstorm Zerbino and Dolce are eaten by wolves in the woods, and Joli-Cœur catches pneumonia. In an attempt to raise money for the doctor, Remi and Vitalis give a performance and Vitalis sings. Remi has never before heard Vitalis sing so beautifully. And not only Remi is bewildered: a young, and apparently rich lady tells Vitalis that she is amazed to hear his wonderful voice. Vitalis reacts angrily. He explains his skill to the lady by telling that he used to be a singer's servant. The lady explains he has a resemblance to the singer Vitalo Pedrotti from the Scala di Milano who is disparated. He even shows no gladness when the lady gives a gold coin to Capi. They return to Joli-Cœur with the money, but it's too late, Joli-Cœur is dead.
They now continue their journey to Paris. Vitalis decides to leave Remi with a "padrone" for the winter, while he trains other animals. Another institution of 19th Century France, a "padrone" was a man who kept a group of boys, sold by their poverty-stricken parents, who worked for him. Vitalis brings Remi to a "padrone" he knows - Garofoli. Garofoli isn't home, and Vitalis tells Remi to wait there, and that he will be back soon. Remi passes there two horrible hours - waiting for Garofoli and talking to an ill-looking boy, Mattia, who keeps houseworking because Garofoli believes him too stupid and incapable of working outside, but keeping the soup pot locked so that Mattia could not eat from it. When the other boys and Garofoli return, Remi witnesses how terribly Garofoli abuses those who do not bring home the amount of money required: he beats and starves them. When Vitalis comes back and sees how the boys are being flogged, he tells Garofoli that he could go to the police, but Garofoli threatens back to tell "some people just one name which will make Vitalis red from shame". Vitalis takes the wondering and grateful Remi not to return to Garofoli ever.
But this act of love costs Vitalis his life. That night, unable to find a place to stay, Vitalis and Remi collapse in the snowstorm under a fence.
Remi wakes up in a bed, with people standing around him: a man, two boys and two girls. The little girl, of about 5-6 years old, watches Remi with talking eyes. Then Remi learns the terrible truth: Vitalis is dead. In an attempt to discover his identity, the policemen take Remi to Garofoli, who reveals the truth: Vitalis used to be the famous Italian singer Carlo Balzani. When he got older, his voice got worse, and he was so ashamed for this that he decided to disappear. He changed his identity to Vitalis.
The family take Remi and Capi in. Remi gets a real father, the gardener Pierre Acquin, two brothers, Alexis and Benjamin, and two sisters, Étienette and little mute Lise. Remi especially adores Lise. He teaches her to read and plays the harp for her. Lise loves a Napolitan song in particular. Remi becomes a gardener, and years of hard work and merry Sundays follow. But after two years a terrible hailstrom ruins the glass in the greenhouse, and Acquin is in debts which he cannot pay and has therefore to enter a debt jail. The children are to go to uncles and aunts, in several French towns. Although the children insist that Remi also belongs to the family, none of the uncles and aunts is willing to take care of Remi. Broken-hearted again, vowing to his brothers and sisters to visit them on his way and bring father news from them, Remi takes his harp and Capi and leaves to the big roads.
Second volume
He hasn't gone long until he meets a companion. Mattia, the boy from Garofoli, is starving on the streets of Paris. Garofoli is in prison for beating a boy to death. Mattia pleads Remi to take him into his troupe. Remi is scared: with him, Mattia might die of hunger as much as alone. But Mattia convinces him that two will never die of hunger because one helps the other. Thus, "Remi's troupe" consists now of two twelve-year-olds and a dog. Mattia is a gifted violinist, he plays other instruments too, and he worked some time in a circus, where they had two English clowns, so he knows some English.
First the boys turn to visit Alexis, who now lives with his Uncle Gaspard (Father Acquin's brother) in the mining town Varses, where he works in the mine with his uncle. When Alexis is wounded and unable to work for a while, Remi volunteers to replace him. One of the miners is nicknamed magister, he is an old and wise man. He becomes a good friend and he explains the history of coal. One day the mine is flooded, probably by the river which flows overhead. Seven miners, including Uncle Gaspard, the magister and Remi, find shelter, but are trapped. They are waiting to be rescued, but don't even know if the rescue works are taking place. One of the men confesses a crime, blames himself for the disaster and commits suicide. The others spend a fortnight underground, hungry, beaten, but optimistic - and at last are saved. Capi is mad of happiness; Mattia is in tears. He says he never believed that Remi could be dead, and Remi is proud of his friend's strong belief in him. This incident shows the terrible state of child labour in 19th Century France but it also serves to bring closer Remi and Mattia: since that incident they are friends for life and death.
Remi wants Mattia to learn music and they visit a musician. Mr. Espinassous is shocked by Mattia's great talent and tries to convince him to stay and learn, but Mattia never wants to leave Remi. The boys now head for Chavanon where they hope to meet Remi's foster mother Barberin. During the trip they saved their money, hoping to buy a cow for mother Barberin. When they pass through Ussel, not far from Chavanon, they buy a cow, to replace beloved Rosette, who was sold when Barberin had his accident. To make sure that they will not buy a bad cow, they ask a vet for help. The vet is very friendly and the boys buy a wonderful cow.
In the next town the boys are accused of stealing the cow. Why would two street musicians have a cow, after all? They explain their story to the mayor. The mayor knows Mother Barberin, he heard about the accident in the mine, and he is willing to believe that the boys are honest. To make sure, the vet is called to testify, and the boys can continue their journey.
Remi and Mother Barberin finally meet. Mother Barberin tells Remi that Barberin is in Paris in search of Remi, because his real parents appear to be in search of him. However, Mother Barberin knows very little, because Barberin never told her any details. Remi is eager to know his real parents. Remi and Mattia decide to return to Paris and see Barberin.
On the way to Paris, they pass through Dreuzy, where they pay a visit to Lise Acquin. Remi and Lise are very fond of each other. When the boys arrive in Paris, they learn that Barberin has died. Remi writes a letter to Mother Barberin. Mother Barberin replies and she encloses a letter that was sent by Barberin before he died. It mentions the address of a lawyer's office in London, which is in charge of the search for Remi. So the boys go to London, where they are led straight to Remi's parents. Their name is Driscoll. Remi is terribly disappointed: the Driscolls are cold to him, his father keeps the boys locked. They turn out to be thieves and use Capi to help them in their work.
The Driscolls have a visitor. It is a man who seems to be interested in Remi, but Remi does not understand English well enough. The visitor does not meet Mattia, but Mattia overhears their conversation. The visitor is James Milligan and he appears to be Arthur's uncle. He hopes that Arthur will die, so that he will inherit the fortune of his late brother. The boys agree that Mrs. Milligan must be warned, but they have no idea where to find her. Mattia meets someone he knows. It is Bob, a clown from the circus where Mattia used to work. Bob turns out to be a very fine friend.
When Remi is accused of a robbery committed by his parents, Bob and Mattia help him escape from prison. With the help of Bob's brother, a sailor, they return to France. They go and search for Mrs. Milligan, to warn her for her brother-in-law. This is easier than it seems, since her boat, the "Swan", is a remarkable boat, and they soon hear that people have seen her. They only have to follow the rivers and canals. On their way they pass through Dreuzy where they hope to meet Lise again. However, they hear that Lise's uncle has died, and that a kind English lady, who journeyed on a boat, has offered to take care of Lise. That must have been Mrs. Milligan. Of course that is another incentive to go and find the "Swan". Remi and Mattia trace the "Swan" across France to Switzerland. They find the boat, but she is deserted. They inquire, and they find that the boat was unable to journey further up the river, and that the family continued their journey by coach, probably to Vevey. When they get to the town where "the English woman with the ill boy and the mute girl" are supposed to be, they start singing under every fence. It takes several days before they find the family. One day, when Remi sings his Napolitan song, he overhears a scream and a weak voice that continues the song. They run to the voice and find Lise, whose voice has returned to her when she heard her long-lost Remi. The boys now find that James Milligan is there too, and Remi is afraid to meet him, so he hides. Mattia is not afraid - James does not know Mattia. Mattia immediately tells Mrs. Milligan their story. Mrs. Milligan presumes that Remi must be her lost eldest son, but she tells Mattia that this should not be told to Remi until she is sure about it. She arranges that the boys can stay in a hotel, where they can have plenty of food, comfortable beds, and where they are visited by a barber and a tailor. After a few days Mrs. Milligan invites the boys, where they meet Mother Barberin. Mrs. Milligan has apparently sent for her. Mother Barberin shows Remi's baby clothes. Mrs. Milligan recognises these as the clothes her boy wore when he was stolen. Mrs. Milligan happily declares that Remi is her son, to join his "mother, brother and those - she pointed at Lise and Mattia - who loved you in your misery". It is clear that Mr. Driscoll has stolen the boy as a job for James Milligan.
This story has a happy ending: Remi finds his family, and discovers he is the heir of a fortune. Mattia's dearest little sister Cristina is sent for from Italy and they all grow up together. Arthur gets well and becomes an athlete. Mattia becomes a famous violinist. Remi marries Lise and they have a son named Mattia, whose babysitter is Mother Barberin.
The book ends with the score of the Napolitan song.
Film and television
Several movies were made after the novel, one of them Sans famille, starring: Pierre Richard (Vitalis), Veronica Ferres (Remi's mother), Bernard Fresson (Garofoli) and special guest starring: Claude Jade ("The Lady").
* Sans famille (F 1934) IMDb
* Senza famiglia (I 1946) IMDb
* Le Théâtre de la jeunesse: Sans famille (made for TV, F 1965) IMDb
* Ie Naki Ko (Japan 1977-78) - 51-episode anime TV series by Tokyo Movie Shinsha
* Sans famille (France 1981) - 6-part TV series by TF1 starring Petula Clark IMDB
* Bez semyi (Без семьи, SU 1984) IMDb
* Remi, Nobody's Girl (家なき子レミ, Ie Naki Ko Remi?) (Japan) - 26-episode anime TV series, the final installment in Nippon Animation's World Masterpiece Theatre series. This version made major changes to the storyline, transforming Remi (voiced by legendary pop star/voice actress Mitsuko Horie) into a girl and making her a child singer. The series was later translated into English by the anime television network, Animax, who aired the complete series (all 26 episodes) across its respective networks worldwide, including Southeast Asia and South Asia..
* Sans famille/Das Findelkind (F/D/CZ, 2000) IMDb
《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 - zuò pǐn jiǎn jiè
18 shì jì de shí hòu， ōu zhōu yīn wéi zhēng qì jī de fā míng， dǎo zhì liǎo xǔ duō rén shī yè。 láo gōng de dài yù yě hěn dī， shēng chǎn yě méi yòu bǎo zhàng。 lù měi shì yī gè fǎ guó de xiāng xià hái zǐ， běn lái tā chū shēng zài yīng guó， bèi huài rén tōu dào bā lí xiāng xià， yóu pín qióng de bā bèi lán mā mā fǔ yǎng zhǎngdà。 kě shì yīn wéi tā bù shàn cháng zuò nóng huó， jiù bèi bā bèi lán mā mā de zhàng fū yé lǔ mài gěi liǎo bái hú zǐ yé yé bǐ dá lì de xì bān zǐ。 zhè gè xì bān zǐ chú liǎo lù měi hé bǐ dá lì， jiù zhǐ yòu sān zhǐ gǒu， yī zhǐ hóu zǐ。 gǒu yòu： kǎ bǐ、 ěr bǐ luó hé duō 'ěr。 hóu zǐ shì xiǎo bǎo bèi。 tā men shàng lù liǎo。 dì yī cì biǎo yǎn shì zài yú sài 'ěr， fēi cháng chéng gōng。 hòu lái， tā men yòu dào liǎo tǔ lǔ sī， bǐ dá lì bèi jǐng chá zhuā zhù liǎo。 lù měi hé dòng wù huǒ bàn men zhǐ hǎo yī qǐ táo lí。 lù měi qià qiǎo zài tiān 'é chuán shàng yù dào liǎo 'ā sè hé méi lǐ gān fū rén， gēn tā men dù guò liǎo yī duàn kuài lè shí guāng。 zhuǎn yǎn， bǐ dá lì chū yù liǎo， tā men yòu tà shàng liǎo lǚ chéng。 yī gè fēng xuě jiāo jiā de rì zǐ， tā men zhǎo dào liǎo yī zuò xiǎo fáng zǐ。 bàn yè， ěr bǐ luó hé duō 'ěr bèi láng diāo zǒu liǎo， xiǎo bǎo bèi yě sǐ liǎo。 tā men qiān xīn wàn kǔ zhōng yú lái dào bā lí， kě wǎn shàng méi yòu dì fāng shuì， bǐ dá lì wèile bǎo hù lù měi 'ér sǐ liǎo。 lù měi hé kǎ bǐ bèi yà gēn yī jiā jiù liǎo qǐ lái。 yà gēn yī jiā yòu sì gè hái zǐ： ā liè xī、 bān ní、 ài jīn、 lì sī。 jiù zhè yàng， lù měi zài yà gēn jiā dù guò liǎo liǎng nián。 yī tiān， yà gēn dài shàng hái zǐ men qù péng yǒu jiā chī fàn。 tū rán xià qǐ liǎo bīng báo， bǎ huā chuáng hé wēn shì zá làn liǎo。 ér yà gēn de fáng zǐ dōushì jiè qián mǎi lái dé， tā zhǐ hǎo zuò wǔ nián láo， bǎ hái zǐ jiāo gěi qīn qī péng yǒu zhào gù。 lù měi jiù hé kǎ bǐ zuàn qián。 lù shàng， tā men yù dào liǎo mǎ shā。 cóng cǐ， zhè gè xì bān zǐ yòu duō liǎo yī gè rén。 tā men lù guò liǎo yī gè cūn zhuāng， mǎ shā hé lù měi tánzòu yuèqì， kǎ bǐ jiù tiào wǔ。 dì yī cì yǎn chū， tā men jiù dé dào liǎo 28 gè fǎ láng。 tā men jué dìng biān zǒu biān kàn wàng yà gēn de sì gè hái zǐ， cuán zú liǎo qián， jiù mǎi yī tóu mǔ niú gěi bā bèi lán mā mā。 tā men lù shàng kàn liǎo 'ā liè xī hé lì sī， hái mǎi liǎo yī tóu jiàn zhuàng de nǎi niú gěi liǎo bā bèi lán mā mā。 bā bèi lán mā mā shuō lù měi de jiā rén zài zhǎo tā， tā men jiù qù zhǎo tā de jiā rén。 méi xiǎng dào zhǎo dào de rén shì bǎ lù měi tōu chū lái dé rén， tā men hái bǎ kǎ bǐ xùn liàn chéng liǎo xiǎo tōu。 zuì hòu， tā men hái shì lí kāi liǎo。 lù měi hé mǎ shā zhǔn bèi qù zhǎo méi lǐ gān fū rén hé 'ā sè。 tīng shuō méi lǐ gān fū rén bǎ lì sī shōu liú liǎo。 jīng guò yī tiáo dà yùn hé， tā men zhǎo dào liǎo tiān 'é hào， zhèng shí liǎo méi lǐ gān fū rén jiù shì lù měi de qīn shēng mǔ qīn！ zhōng yú， lù měi guò shàng liǎo xìng fú de shēng huó。
《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 - zuò zhě jiǎn jiè
yé kè tè mǎ luò（ yī bā sān 0 nián zhì yī jiǔ 0 qī nián） shì shí jiǔ shì jì fǎ guó xiǎo shuō jiā， nián qīng shí céng jìn rù yī jiā lǜ shī shì wù suǒ gōng zuò。 zài nà lǐ， tā kāi shǐ liǎo zì jǐ de xiǎo shuō chuàng zuò。 tā de dì yī bù xiǎo shuō zài dāng shí dà huò chéng gōng， yú shì tā zhuànxiàng liǎo zhuān yè xiě zuò。 zài fǎ guó wén xué shǐ shàng， mǎ luò de míng shēng bìng bù xiàng wǒ men shú xī de bā 'ěr zhā kè、 yǔ guǒ děng zuò jiā nà yàng xiǎn hè， bù guò， tā kě shì gè duō chǎn zuò jiā， yī shēng zhì shǎo xiě liǎo qī shí bù xiǎo shuō， ér qiě dà duō zài dāng shí shí fēn chàng xiāo， qí zhōng《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 gèng shì jiā yù hù xiǎo， shì shí jiǔ shì jì yī bù zhù míng de xiǎo shuō。 běn shū gāng wèn shì shí， biàn shòu dào liǎo rén men de pǔ biàn huān yíng， jiān huò dé fǎ guó jiào yù bù de wén xué jiǎng， hái bèi yì wéi duō guó wén zì。
《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 - zuò pǐn jià zhí
xiǎo shuō《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 wú yí shì yī bù zài shěn měi jià zhí hé rèn shí jià zhí shàng dū yǐ jīng tí gāo liǎo de qíng jié jù xiǎo shuō。 ér diàn yǐng《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 zé ràng guān zhòng zài duì gù shì běn shēn yòu suǒ liǎo jiě de jī chǔ shàng yòu liǎo gèng jiā zhí guān de rèn shí， xiāng xìn měi yī wèi kàn guò yǐngpiān de guān zhòng dū huì zài xīn dǐ wéi gù shì zhōng de xiǎo zhù rén gōng zhù fú， tóng shí wéi shēng huó zài nà gè kǔ nán nián dài de hái zǐ men qí dǎo！
qíng jié jù xiǎo shuō， gù míng sī yì， shì yǐ qíng jié qǔ shèng de xiǎo shuō， tā zhuī qiú chuán qí xìng， qiáng diào xì jù xìng， yīn 'ér wǎng wǎng piān lí shēng huó de zhēn shí。 dàn shì《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 bù tóng， tā suī rán chuān de shì qíng jié jù de xì zhuāng， biǎo xiàn de què shì dāng shí fǎ guó tiān tiān dōuyào fā shēng de zuì zhēn shí de shēng huó。
《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 - rén wù xíng xiàng
bā bó lán mā mā shì shàn liáng de， léi mǐ bèi bā bó lán xiān shēng mài gěi wéi tài lì sī hòu， bā bó lán mā mā rú rè guō shàng de mǎ yǐ， zài yuàn zǐ lǐ páo lái páo qù de qíng jǐng， shuō míng tā shī qù 'ér zǐ de jiāo zhuó yǔ jué wàng。
wéi tài lì sī shì yī gè zhí dé rén jìng zhòng de juésè， “ ràng léi mǐ jiē shòu shēng huó yán jùn de kǎo yàn， zhè yào bǐ tā zài nǐ men jiā guò nà zhǒng suī fēi nín de běn yì、 dàn shí jì shàng què shì lèi sì pú tóng de shēng huó wéi hǎo。 ” zhè shì dāng shí wéi tài lì sī yào cóng mǐ lì gēn fū rén shēn biān dài zǒu léi mǐ de lǐ yóu， zuì zhōng léi mǐ yòu huí dào liǎo zì jǐ de qīn shēng mǔ qīn mǐ lì gēn fū rén shēn biān， nà shì hòu huà。 wéi tài lì sī jiào léi mǐ dú shū、 xiě zì、 chàng gē， tā jiào léi mǐ chàng de gē chéng liǎo zhè bù xiǎo shuō de zhù tí qū， wǒ men fǎng fó kě yǐ tīng dào léi mǐ róu hé 'ér lüè dài qī liáng de tóng shēng。 mǎ luò wéi wéi tài lì sī huà chū liǎo yī gè jù yòu bù kě diàn wū de dào dé guān hé bù kě zhàn shèng de zì zūn xīn de shēn shì xíng xiàng。
wéi tài lì sī bèi dòng sǐ hòu， léi mǐ bèi lì sī yī jiā suǒ jiù， lì sī jiā lǐ yáng yì zhe qīn qíng de wēn nuǎn， běn shì ràng rén mǎn xīn huān xǐ， piān piān hǎo jǐng bù cháng， yīcháng bào fēng yǔ， ràng fù qīn jìn liǎo jiān yù， xiōng mèi men gè zì tóu kào liǎo qīn qī。 dú shí， zì jǐ bù zì jìn dì shēng chū yí hàn lái。
tè lǔ yé 'ěr méi kuàng de shuǐ zāi shì yī chū diǎn xíng de xiàn shí zhù yì xì jù， ràng rén gǎn shòu dào《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 bìng bù dān chún jiù shì yī bù yòu zhe měi hǎo jié jú de tóng huà gù shì。 kuàng zhù zhǐ yòng jǐ bàng kā fēi、 jǐ piàn huǒ tuǐ jiù bǎ gōng rén qīng 'ér yì jǔ dì piàn jìn liǎng bǎi mǐ shēn de dì xià qù sòng mìng。
《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 - nèi róng fēn xī
xiǎo shuō xiě de shì yī gè qì 'ér de lì xiǎn shēng yá。 tā de kāi juàn dì yī gè qíng jié， biàn shì yī gè bā suì de qì 'ér bèi dāng zuò shēng kǒu yī yàng chū zū de yīcháng tǎo jià hái jià de jiāo yì。 cóng zhè dì yī gè qíng jié kāi shǐ， qì 'ér léi mǐ de mìng yùn jiù chéng liǎo shū zhōng jù yòu cí shí bān xī lì de xuán niàn； yě shì cóng zhè gè qíng jié kāi shǐ， wéi rào léi mǐ de mìng yùn， zhǎn kāi liǎo zuò zhě jīng xīn shè jì de、 fù yú chuán qí xìng de、 zhū rú xiè hòu yǎ nǚ、 mǎi niú bào 'ēn、 shēn lín zéi wō、 méng yuān dūn yù、 wáng mìng tiào chē、 qīn rén tuán yuán děng qíng jié。《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 bù jǐn zài qíng jié shàng hé rén wù xuán niàn shàng jù yòu dāng shí liú xíng de qíng jié jù tè sè， tā hái tóng qíng jié jù yī yàng， yòu zhe yī zhī zhù tí gē。 mǎ luò chéng gōng dì bǎ zhè zhī zhù tí gē zhù jìn liǎo qì 'ér léi mǐ de xìng gé hé xíng xiàng zhī zhōng， shǐ tā chéng liǎo zhè bù xiǎo shuō de bù kě fēn gē de yī bù fēn， yě shǐ zhè bù xiǎo shuō jù bèi liǎo yīnyuè gǎn rǎn lì。 dú zhě de xīn líng jiāng zài xiǎo shuō de nǎ gè duàn luò shàng chàn dòng， zuò zhě yě zǒng shì qià hǎo zài zhè gè duàn luò shàng jǔ qǐ tā de zhǐ huī bàng， ràng nǐ tīng dào xiǎo zhù rén gōng chàng zhù tí gē shí róu hé 'ér qī liáng de tóng yīn。 qíng jié jù xiǎo shuō， gù míng sī yì， shì yǐ qíng jié qǔ shèng de xiǎo shuō， tā zhuī qiú chuán qí xìng， qiáng diào xì jù xìng， yīn 'ér wǎng wǎng piān lí shēng huó de zhēn shí。 dàn shì《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 bù tóng， tā suī rán chuān de shì qíng jié jù de xì zhuāng， biǎo xiàn de què shì dāng shí fǎ guó tiān tiān dōuyào fā shēng de zuì zhēn shí de shēng huó。 tā shì yī miàn fǎn yìng shēng huó de míng liàng de jìng zǐ， dàn shì， yòu shì yī miàn lí qí de jìng zǐ。 tā yìng zhào chū lái de， jì yòu běn lái miàn mùdì shēng huó， yě yòu tú shàng liǎo bān lán de lí qí sè cǎi de shēng huó。 mǎ luò zài《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 zhōng biǎo lù dé rú cǐ pín fán de nà zhǒng quàn shàn xìng de dào dé guān， méi yòu xī yǐn lì， yīn wéi tā men xiǎn rán tài chōu xiàng 'ér qiě yòu piān jiàn； dàn shì tā zài xiǎo shuō zhōng shī zhǎn dé rú cǐ xián shú de、 rú cǐ dé xīn yìng shǒu de、 yǐ qíng jié jù xiǎo shuō de miàn mù chū xiàn de xiàn shí zhù yì de yì shù fāng fǎ。 xiǎo zhù rén gōng léi mǐ shì zhēn shí de， yīn wéi tā shì qiān bǎi gè yǐ jīng zài tiān zāi rén huò zhōng bèi tūn shì liǎo xiǎo shēng mìng de qì 'ér de huà shēn。 cóng qì 'ér léi mǐ shēn shàng， chéng bǎi shàng qiān gè yǐ jīng sǐ qù de léi mǐ de shī tǐ。 zài yì shù xiǎng xiàng lì zhōng fù huó liǎo de huà shēn， shì zhēn shí de。 wéi tài lì sī shì zhēn shí de。
xiǎo shuō shì yī gè céng jīng fěi shēng yì dà lì shēngyuè wǔ tái de míng gē shǒu de bēi jù xià chǎng。 mǎ luò de《 wéi tài lì sī dǎo bì tú》， huà chū liǎo yī gè jù yòu bù kě diàn wū de dào dé guān hé bù kě zhàn shèng de zì zūn xīn de qiáng zhě de xiào xiàng。 zhè bìng bù shì yī fú biǎo xiàn hǎo xīn cháng de shèng xiàng huà， yīn wéi cóng huà zhōng rén de jī wén hé yǎn shén shàng， tǐ xiàn liǎo liǎo yī bā qī yī nián de kě jìng de bā lí gōng rén de yìng gǔ tóu jīng shén， zhè shì yī fú xiàn shí zhù yì de xiào xiàng huà。 rú guǒ wéi tài lì sī shì xiǎo shuō zhōng de yī zuò diāo xiàng， nà me《 tè lǔ yé 'ěr méi kuàng shuǐ zāi》 jiù shì xiǎo shuō zhōng de zhòng yào de xì zhōng zhī xì； shì miáo xiě kuàng zhù zhǐ yòng jǐ bàng kā fēi、 jǐ piàn huǒ tuǐ jiù bǎ yòu xiē gōng rén qīng 'ér yì jǔ dì piàn jìn liǎng bǎi mǐ shēn de dì xià qù sòng mìng de yī chū xiàn shí zhù yì xì jù。 mǎ luò yòng qù liǎo nà me duō piān fú、 ér qiě lián xì jié yě bù kěn fàng guò dì miáo huà liǎo nà chǎng zāinàn， dāng rán bù zhǐ shì wèile yào biǎo xiàn jǐ gè xìng cún zhě de cāng bái de miàn kǒng， kǒng pà gèng zhù yào shì wèile yào ràng méi yòu lí nán de kuàng gōng men kàn dào yǒu 'ài hù zhù shì hé děng zhòng yào， yě yào kuàng zhù hé shén fù men duō tīng tīng jué wàng de guǎ fù men de hū hào shēng。
《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 chā tú
zhì yú《 xīn lǐ měi xiān shēng bìng sǐ kè diàn》 de gù shì， zhǐ hǎo yòng tóng“ huà shēn” xiāng jìn de zì yǎn lái shuō míng gù shì de zhēn shí xìng。 xīn lǐ měi bìng bù shì yī zhǐ jù yòu qí yì gōng néng de xùn hóu， ér shì dāng shí fǎ guó háo wú shēng huó bǎo zhàng、 sǐ yú pín bìng de liú làng xiǎo yì rén de yōu líng。 zài zhè gè bēi jù lǐ， dāng shí fǎ guó hángyè zuò fāng lǐ cháng jiàn de、 yòu zhe tiān cái dàn guò zǎo dì sǐ qù de pín qióng de nián qīng xué tú de yuān hún。 xīn lǐ měi zhè gè xíng xiàng， yě xǔ shì mǎ luò hán zhuóyǎn lèi xiě chéng de。《 wáng zǐ de nǎi niú》 shì mǎ luò qiǎo miào dì róu jìn zài zhè bù xiǎo shuō zhōng、 shǐ xiǎo shuō běn shēn hé xiǎo shuō zhù rén gōng dōudà fàng guāng cǎi de yī gè lèi sì tóng huà de gù shì。 yīn wéi měi hǎo de tóng huà zǒng shì jì lí qí 'ér yòu zhēn shí de。 mǎ luò miáo xiě de， huò zhě shuō， mǎ luò huà zài huà bù shàng de， shì yī kē jié bái、 zhī 'ēn、 wú sī dàn yòu dài diǎn zhì qì de tóng xīn； tā duō me huān lè， duō me qī liáng， yīn 'ér yě duō me zhēn shí！ mǎ luò shuō guò， tā de zhè bù xiǎo shuō， shì wéi tā de xiǎo nǚ 'ér lù xī xiě de； fǎ guó jìn dài wén xué shǐ shàng yě shuō，《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 qì jīn réng shì fǎ guó qīng shàonián zuì 'ài dú de xiǎo shuō zhī yī。《 wáng zǐ de nǎi niú》 bì rán huì jī qǐ qīng shàonián zuì měi hǎo de gǎn qíng。 rán 'ér zhēn zhèng shǐ zhè bù xiǎo shuō xiǎn shì jiào duō xiàn shí zhù yì sè cǎi de， shì zuò jiā hóng guān dì miáo xiě liǎo tā mù dǔ de shí jiǔ shì jì qī shí nián dài mò qī， chū xiàn zài fǎ guó dì píng xiàn shàng de， běi zì jiā lāi hǎi xiá、 nán zhì dì zhōng hǎi bīn hǎi dì qū de yī gè rú cǐ liáo kuò de chōng mǎn liǎo kǔ nán hé bù xìng de shì jiè。《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 xiě chéng yú yī bā qī bā nián， zhè shì fǎ guó zī chǎn jiē jí jiàn lì dì sān gòng hé de dì sān nián， yě shì yǔ yì yǐ fēng de zī chǎn jiē jí zhǔn bèi shí xiàn gōng yè huà de qián xī。 mǎ luò shǒu zhōng de jìng zǐ， duì zhǔn de zhèng shì zhè gè kǔ nán shì jiè zhōng zuì jù tè zhēng yì yì de tú jǐng， jí： nóng cūn pò chǎn、 gōng rén men 'è liè de láo dòng tiáo jiàn、 tóng gōng shù liàng de jù zēng hé zài fǎ lǜ yǔn xǔ xià de duì tóng gōng de bō xuē； zài shū zhōng qīng chǔ dì kàn dào liǎo zī běn zhù yì gōng yè huà de zāinàn xìng kāi duān； kàn dào liǎo mǎ luò zài zhè bù xiǎo shuō zhōng suǒ biǎo xiàn chū lái de yì shù cái néng： tā dā qǐ liǎo yī gè guàn chuān fǎ guó nán běi de、 mǎn mù qī liáng de dà wǔ tái， ràng wéi tài lì sī hé tā de xì bān zǐ， ā gēn lǎo diē hé tā de yī jiā zǐ， jiā sī bā 'ěr dà shū hé tā de tuī chē gōng， zài huà zhe jù yòu zhēn shí de shí dài tè zhēng tú xiàng de kuān kuò bù jǐng qián， shàng yǎn yī gè gè yòu shí shǐ nǐ kū qì、 yòu shí shǐ nǐ pò tì wéi xiào de“ chuán qí xìng” jié mù。《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 wú yí shì yī bù zài shěn měi jià zhí hé rèn shí jià zhí shàng dū yǐ jīng tí gāo liǎo de qíng jié jù xiǎo shuō。
《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 - zuò pǐn píng jià
《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 zuò wéi shí jiǔ shì jì wén xué yí chǎn zhōng tí gāo liǎo de qíng jié jù xiǎo shuō， jù yòu zhòng yào de dài biǎo xìng。 gù shì wéi rào xiǎo zhù rén gōng léi mǐ de mìng yùn， zhǎn kāi liǎo zuò zhě jīng xīn shè jì de、 fù yú chuán qí xìng de qíng jié。《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 bù tóng yú qí tā qíng jié jù xiǎo shuō qiáng diào xì jù xìng cóng 'ér tuō lí xiàn shí shēng huó， tā suǒ biǎo xiàn de shì dāng shí fǎ guó měi tiān dōuyào fā shēng de zuì zhēn shí de shēng huó。
gù shì zhōng de xiǎo zhù rén gōng léi mǐ shì qiān bǎi wàn gè yǐ jīng zài tiān zāi rén huò zhōng bèi tūn shì liǎo xiǎo shēng mìng de qì 'ér de huà shēn， yīn cǐ zài yì shù xiǎng xiàng zhōng fù huó liǎo de huà shēn shì zhēn shí de。 ér fǎ guó xiǎo yǎn yuán zhū lè xī tè lǔ kè zài piàn zhōngjiàng léi mǐ de tiān zhēn shàn liáng háo wú diāo zhuó dì biǎo xiàn liǎo chū lái， tā nà yī shuāng chún jié tòu míng de dà yǎn jīng ràng guān zhòng cóng yī kàn dào zhè gè mìng yùn kǎn kě de hái zǐ jiù huì fā zì nèi xīn de duì tā chǎn shēng lián 'ài； céng jīng shì fěi shēng yì dà lì gē jù jiè de míng gē chàng jiā zuì zhōng què yǐ bēi jù shōu chǎng de wéi dá lǐ， bèi zuò zhě kè huà chéng yī gè jù yòu bù kě diàn wū de dào dé guān jí bù kě zhàn shèng de zì zūn xīn de qiáng zhě xíng xiàng， dú zhě sì hū kě yǐ cóng tā shēn shàng kàn dào nà gè shí dài bā lí gōng rén shēn shàng lìng rén jìng pèi de yìng gǔ tóu jīng shén， yīn cǐ wéi dá lǐ yě shì zhēn shí de。 zhè gè wéi dá lǐ yóu céng jīng zhù yǎn guò《 jīn fā nán hái》、《 xià rì yí shī de 27 gè wěn》 de fǎ guó zhù míng nán yǎn yuán pí 'āi 'ěr lǐ xià 'ěr yùn yòng xián shú de yǎn jì jiāng zhè gè zhèng zhèng tiě gǔ de hàn zǐ tǐ tiē wēn róu de yī miàn biǎo xiàn dé lín lí jìn zhì； shèn zhì duì yú gù shì zhōng xiǎo hóu zǐ měi xīn de sǐ， dōukě yǐ bèi kàn zuò shì dāng shí fǎ guó háo wú shēng huó bǎo zhàng、 sǐ yú pín kùn de liú làng xiǎo yì rén de zhēn shí xiě zhào。 zài zhè gè bēi jù zhōng， dú zhě sì hū hái kě yǐ kàn dào dāng shí fǎ guó hángyè zuò fāng lǐ cháng jiàn de、 yòu zhe tiān cái què guò zǎo sǐ qù de pín qióng de nián qīng xué tú de yuān hún。 zhèng shì zhè zhǒng zhēn shí， cái néng ràng dú zhě liú xià tóng qíng de yǎn lèi。
rán 'ér zhēn zhèng shǐ zhè bù xiǎo shuō xiǎn shì jiào duō xiàn shí zhù yì sè cǎi de， shì zuò zhě hóng guān dì miáo xiě liǎo tā mù dǔ de shí jiǔ shì jì qī shí nián dài mò qī， chū xiàn zài fǎ guó dì píng xiàn shàng de běi zì jiā lāi hǎi xiá， nán zhì dì zhōng hǎi bīn hǎi dì qū de yī gè rú cǐ liáo kuò de què chōng mǎn liǎo kǔ nán hé bù xìng de shì jiè。
《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 xiě chéng yú 1878 nián， zhè shì fǎ guó zī chǎn jiē jí jiàn lì dì sān gòng hé de dì sān nián， yě shì yǔ yì fēng mǎn de zī chǎn jiē jí zhǔn bèi shí xiàn gōng yè huà de qián xī。 mǎ luò de xiǎo shuō zhèng shì zhè gè kǔ nán shì jiè zhōng zuì jù tè zhēng yì yì de xiě zhào： nóng cūn pò chǎn、 gōng rén men 'è liè de láo dòng tiáo jiàn、 tóng gōng shù liàng de jù zēng hé zài fǎ lǜ yǔn xǔ xià de duì tóng gōng de bō xuē。 zhè shǐ dú zhě zài shū zhōng qīng chǔ de kàn dào liǎo zī běn zhù yì gōng yè huà zāinàn xìng de kāi duān； tóng shí yě kàn dào liǎo mǎ luò zài zhè bù xiǎo shuō zhōng biǎo xiàn chū lái de yì shù cái néng。
《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 -《 kǔ 'ér liú làng jì》 diàn yǐng
dǎo yǎn： ràng - dān ní 'ěr ·
zhù yǎn： sī tè fǎ nuò · dí PhilippeNahRoseThiéryJulesSitrukPierreFores wéi luó ní kǎ · fèi ...
piàn cháng： chǎn dì： jié kè fǎ guó dé guó
lèi xíng： jù qíng yán sè： cǎi sè
fēn jí： duì bái： fǎ yǔ
shàng yìng rì qī： 2000 nián 12 yuè 18 rì
First Volume
Jerome Barberin lives with his wife in a little French town, Chavanon. He usually isn't home, since he works in Paris as a mason. One day he finds a baby boy. The boy wears very fine clothes, so apparently his parents are rich. Barberin offers to take care of the child, hoping to get a good reward. He gives the boy to his wife, and calls him Remi. Afterwards, Barberin gets injured in an accident. He blames his employer and hopes to receive financial compensation in a trial. The trial costs a lot of money, and Barberin tells his wife to sell her cow (her main source of wealth) and to get rid of Remi. She does the former.
When Remi is eight years old, and this is where the story starts, Barberin comes home unexpectedly. He sees that Remi is still there and decides to lose no time getting rid of him. The next day Barberin meets a travelling artist in the local pub. His name is Signor Vitalis, and he travels through France with three dogs - Capi, Zerbino and Dolce - and a monkey, Joli-Cœur. Vitalis offers to take care of Remi and Remi leaves his childhood home, without even a chance to say goodbye to his foster mother (who would have done anything to prevent the transaction) and starts a journey of the roads of France. It turns out that Vitalis is a kind man, certainly better company than Barberin. Vitalis teaches him to play the harp and to read. Often Remi is hungry and has no roof over his head; but in the animals, especially in Capi, he gains dear friends, and in Vitalis he finds the father he lacks. Together they travel through France, and they earn a living by giving musical and stage performances.
When they are in Toulouse, a sad incident, which reflects the unjust social structure of 19th Century France, puts Vitalis into jail. It is not easy for a ten-year-old to feed himself and four animals under his care, and they nearly starve, when they meet the "Swan" - a little river ship owned by Mrs. Milligan and her ill son Arthur. They take Remi in to entertain the sick boy, but soon start seeing a person in Remi, and he becomes part of the family. He learns that Arthur used to have an elder brother, who disappeared before Arthur was born, and Mrs. Milligan's brother-in-law, James, has attempted in vain to find him back. This was advantageous for James Milligan, since, by the English law, he was to inherit all of his brother's fortune if he died childless. This did not work, because soon Arthur was born. After two months Vitalis is released from jail, Remi and the Milligans like to stay together, but Vitalis wants Remi back, and so they say goodbye. However, Mrs. Milligan judges that Vitalis is a very kind and honest man.
Vitalis tells Remi that he has done a good choice: one must eat his own bread. But on the way to Paris in a snowstorm Zerbino and Dolce are eaten by wolves in the woods, and Joli-Cœur catches pneumonia. In an attempt to raise money for the doctor, Remi and Vitalis give a performance and Vitalis sings. Remi has never before heard Vitalis sing so beautifully. And not only Remi is bewildered: a young, and apparently rich lady tells Vitalis that she is amazed to hear his wonderful voice. Vitalis reacts angrily. He explains his skill to the lady by telling that he used to be a singer's servant. The lady explains he has a resemblance to the singer Vitalo Pedrotti from the Scala di Milano who is disparated. He even shows no gladness when the lady gives a gold coin to Capi. They return to Joli-Cœur with the money, but it's too late, Joli-Cœur is dead.
They now continue their journey to Paris. Vitalis decides to leave Remi with a "padrone" for the winter, while he trains other animals. Another institution of 19th Century France, a "padrone" was a man who kept a group of boys, sold by their poverty-stricken parents, who worked for him. Vitalis brings Remi to a "padrone" he knows - Garofoli. Garofoli isn't home, and Vitalis tells Remi to wait there, and that he will be back soon. Remi passes there two horrible hours - waiting for Garofoli and talking to an ill-looking boy, Mattia, who keeps houseworking because Garofoli believes him too stupid and incapable of working outside, but keeping the soup pot locked so that Mattia could not eat from it. When the other boys and Garofoli return, Remi witnesses how terribly Garofoli abuses those who do not bring home the amount of money required: he beats and starves them. When Vitalis comes back and sees how the boys are being flogged, he tells Garofoli that he could go to the police, but Garofoli threatens back to tell "some people just one name which will make Vitalis red from shame". Vitalis takes the wondering and grateful Remi not to return to Garofoli ever.
But this act of love costs Vitalis his life. That night, unable to find a place to stay, Vitalis and Remi collapse in the snowstorm under a fence.
Remi wakes up in a bed, with people standing around him: a man, two boys and two girls. The little girl, of about 5-6 years old, watches Remi with talking eyes. Then Remi learns the terrible truth: Vitalis is dead. In an attempt to discover his identity, the policemen take Remi to Garofoli, who reveals the truth: Vitalis used to be the famous Italian singer Carlo Balzani. When he got older, his voice got worse, and he was so ashamed for this that he decided to disappear. He changed his identity to Vitalis.
The family take Remi and Capi in. Remi gets a real father, the gardener Pierre Acquin, two brothers, Alexis and Benjamin, and two sisters, Étienette and little mute Lise. Remi especially adores Lise. He teaches her to read and plays the harp for her. Lise loves a Napolitan song in particular. Remi becomes a gardener, and years of hard work and merry Sundays follow. But after two years a terrible hailstrom ruins the glass in the greenhouse, and Acquin is in debts which he cannot pay and has therefore to enter a debt jail. The children are to go to uncles and aunts, in several French towns. Although the children insist that Remi also belongs to the family, none of the uncles and aunts is willing to take care of Remi. Broken-hearted again, vowing to his brothers and sisters to visit them on his way and bring father news from them, Remi takes his harp and Capi and leaves to the big roads.
Second volume
He hasn't gone long until he meets a companion. Mattia, the boy from Garofoli, is starving on the streets of Paris. Garofoli is in prison for beating a boy to death. Mattia pleads Remi to take him into his troupe. Remi is scared: with him, Mattia might die of hunger as much as alone. But Mattia convinces him that two will never die of hunger because one helps the other. Thus, "Remi's troupe" consists now of two twelve-year-olds and a dog. Mattia is a gifted violinist, he plays other instruments too, and he worked some time in a circus, where they had two English clowns, so he knows some English.
First the boys turn to visit Alexis, who now lives with his Uncle Gaspard (Father Acquin's brother) in the mining town Varses, where he works in the mine with his uncle. When Alexis is wounded and unable to work for a while, Remi volunteers to replace him. One of the miners is nicknamed magister, he is an old and wise man. He becomes a good friend and he explains the history of coal. One day the mine is flooded, probably by the river which flows overhead. Seven miners, including Uncle Gaspard, the magister and Remi, find shelter, but are trapped. They are waiting to be rescued, but don't even know if the rescue works are taking place. One of the men confesses a crime, blames himself for the disaster and commits suicide. The others spend a fortnight underground, hungry, beaten, but optimistic - and at last are saved. Capi is mad of happiness; Mattia is in tears. He says he never believed that Remi could be dead, and Remi is proud of his friend's strong belief in him. This incident shows the terrible state of child labour in 19th Century France but it also serves to bring closer Remi and Mattia: since that incident they are friends for life and death.
Remi wants Mattia to learn music and they visit a musician. Mr. Espinassous is shocked by Mattia's great talent and tries to convince him to stay and learn, but Mattia never wants to leave Remi. The boys now head for Chavanon where they hope to meet Remi's foster mother Barberin. During the trip they saved their money, hoping to buy a cow for mother Barberin. When they pass through Ussel, not far from Chavanon, they buy a cow, to replace beloved Rosette, who was sold when Barberin had his accident. To make sure that they will not buy a bad cow, they ask a vet for help. The vet is very friendly and the boys buy a wonderful cow.
In the next town the boys are accused of stealing the cow. Why would two street musicians have a cow, after all? They explain their story to the mayor. The mayor knows Mother Barberin, he heard about the accident in the mine, and he is willing to believe that the boys are honest. To make sure, the vet is called to testify, and the boys can continue their journey.
Remi and Mother Barberin finally meet. Mother Barberin tells Remi that Barberin is in Paris in search of Remi, because his real parents appear to be in search of him. However, Mother Barberin knows very little, because Barberin never told her any details. Remi is eager to know his real parents. Remi and Mattia decide to return to Paris and see Barberin.
On the way to Paris, they pass through Dreuzy, where they pay a visit to Lise Acquin. Remi and Lise are very fond of each other. When the boys arrive in Paris, they learn that Barberin has died. Remi writes a letter to Mother Barberin. Mother Barberin replies and she encloses a letter that was sent by Barberin before he died. It mentions the address of a lawyer's office in London, which is in charge of the search for Remi. So the boys go to London, where they are led straight to Remi's parents. Their name is Driscoll. Remi is terribly disappointed: the Driscolls are cold to him, his father keeps the boys locked. They turn out to be thieves and use Capi to help them in their work.
The Driscolls have a visitor. It is a man who seems to be interested in Remi, but Remi does not understand English well enough. The visitor does not meet Mattia, but Mattia overhears their conversation. The visitor is James Milligan and he appears to be Arthur's uncle. He hopes that Arthur will die, so that he will inherit the fortune of his late brother. The boys agree that Mrs. Milligan must be warned, but they have no idea where to find her. Mattia meets someone he knows. It is Bob, a clown from the circus where Mattia used to work. Bob turns out to be a very fine friend.
When Remi is accused of a robbery committed by his parents, Bob and Mattia help him escape from prison. With the help of Bob's brother, a sailor, they return to France. They go and search for Mrs. Milligan, to warn her for her brother-in-law. This is easier than it seems, since her boat, the "Swan", is a remarkable boat, and they soon hear that people have seen her. They only have to follow the rivers and canals. On their way they pass through Dreuzy where they hope to meet Lise again. However, they hear that Lise's uncle has died, and that a kind English lady, who journeyed on a boat, has offered to take care of Lise. That must have been Mrs. Milligan. Of course that is another incentive to go and find the "Swan". Remi and Mattia trace the "Swan" across France to Switzerland. They find the boat, but she is deserted. They inquire, and they find that the boat was unable to journey further up the river, and that the family continued their journey by coach, probably to Vevey. When they get to the town where "the English woman with the ill boy and the mute girl" are supposed to be, they start singing under every fence. It takes several days before they find the family. One day, when Remi sings his Napolitan song, he overhears a scream and a weak voice that continues the song. They run to the voice and find Lise, whose voice has returned to her when she heard her long-lost Remi. The boys now find that James Milligan is there too, and Remi is afraid to meet him, so he hides. Mattia is not afraid - James does not know Mattia. Mattia immediately tells Mrs. Milligan their story. Mrs. Milligan presumes that Remi must be her lost eldest son, but she tells Mattia that this should not be told to Remi until she is sure about it. She arranges that the boys can stay in a hotel, where they can have plenty of food, comfortable beds, and where they are visited by a barber and a tailor. After a few days Mrs. Milligan invites the boys, where they meet Mother Barberin. Mrs. Milligan has apparently sent for her. Mother Barberin shows Remi's baby clothes. Mrs. Milligan recognises these as the clothes her boy wore when he was stolen. Mrs. Milligan happily declares that Remi is her son, to join his "mother, brother and those - she pointed at Lise and Mattia - who loved you in your misery". It is clear that Mr. Driscoll has stolen the boy as a job for James Milligan.
This story has a happy ending: Remi finds his family, and discovers he is the heir of a fortune. Mattia's dearest little sister Cristina is sent for from Italy and they all grow up together. Arthur gets well and becomes an athlete. Mattia becomes a famous violinist. Remi marries Lise and they have a son named Mattia, whose babysitter is Mother Barberin.
The book ends with the score of the Napolitan song.
Film and television
Several movies were made after the novel, one of them Sans famille, starring: Pierre Richard (Vitalis), Veronica Ferres (Remi's mother), Bernard Fresson (Garofoli) and special guest starring: Claude Jade ("The Lady").
* Sans famille (F 1934) IMDb
* Senza famiglia (I 1946) IMDb
* Le Théâtre de la jeunesse: Sans famille (made for TV, F 1965) IMDb
* Ie Naki Ko (Japan 1977-78) - 51-episode anime TV series by Tokyo Movie Shinsha
* Sans famille (France 1981) - 6-part TV series by TF1 starring Petula Clark IMDB
* Bez semyi (Без семьи, SU 1984) IMDb
* Remi, Nobody's Girl (家なき子レミ, Ie Naki Ko Remi?) (Japan) - 26-episode anime TV series, the final installment in Nippon Animation's World Masterpiece Theatre series. This version made major changes to the storyline, transforming Remi (voiced by legendary pop star/voice actress Mitsuko Horie) into a girl and making her a child singer. The series was later translated into English by the anime television network, Animax, who aired the complete series (all 26 episodes) across its respective networks worldwide, including Southeast Asia and South Asia..
* Sans famille/Das Findelkind (F/D/CZ, 2000) IMDb