bēi cǎn shì jiè Les Misérables

xù yán

　　zhǐ yào yīn fǎ lǜ hé xí sú suǒ zào chéng de shè huì yā pò hái cún zài yī tiān， zài wén míng dǐng shèng shí qī rén wéi dì bǎ rén jiān biàn chéng dì yù bìng shǐ rén lèi yǔ shēng jù lái de xìng yùn zāo shòu bù kě bì miǎn de zāi huò； zhǐ yào běn shì jì de sān gè wèn tí héng héng pín qióng shǐ nán zǐ liáo dǎo， jī 'è shǐ fù nǚ duò luò， hēi 'àn shǐ 'ér tóng léi ruò héng héng hái dé bù dào jiě jué； zhǐ yào zài mǒu xiē dì qū hái kě néng fā shēng shè huì de dú hài， huàn jù huà shuō， tóng shí yě shì cóng gèng guǎng de yì yì lái shuō， zhǐ yào zhè shì jiè shàng hái yòu yú mèi hé kùn kǔ， nà me， hé běn shū tóng yī xìng zhì de zuò pǐn dōubù huì shì wú yì de。
　　 yī bā liù 'èr nián yī yuè yī rì yú 'ào tè wéi 'ěr bié guǎn

　　So long as there shall exist, by virtue of law and custom, decrees of damnation pronounced by society, artificially creating hells amid the civilization of earth, and adding the element of human fate to divine destiny; so long as the three great problems of the century-- the degradation of man through pauperism, the corruption of woman through hunger, the crippling of children through lack of light-- are unsolved; so long as social asphyxia is possible in any part of the world;--in other words, and with a still wider significance, so long as ignorance and poverty exist on earth, books of the nature of Les Miserables cannot fail to be of use.
　　 HAUTEVILLE HOUSE, 1862.

yī mǐ lǐ 'āi xiān shēng

　　yī bā yī wǔ nián， dí niè ① de zhù jiào shì chá lǐ · fó lǎng shā · biàn fú rǔ · mǐ lǐ 'āi xiān shēng。 tā shì gè qī shí wǔ suì zuǒ yòu de lǎo rén； cóng yī bā liù nián qǐ， tā yǐ jiù rèn dí niè qū zhù jiào de zhí wèi。
　　 suī rán zhè xiē xiǎo shì jué bù chù jí wǒ men jiāng yào xù shù de gù shì de běn tí， dàn wèile quán miàn jīng què qǐ jiàn， zài cǐ dì tí yī tí zài tā jiù rèn zhī chū， rén men suǒ chuán bō de yòu guān tā de yī xiē fēng wén yǔ chuán shuō yě bìng bù shì wú yòng de。 dà zhòng guān yú mǒu xiē rén de chuán shuō， wú lùn shì zhēn shì jiǎ， zài tā men de shēng huó zhōng， yóu qí shì zài tā men de mìng yùn zhōng suǒ zhàn de dì wèi， wǎng wǎng hé tā men qīn shēn suǒ zuò de shì shì tóng děng zhòng yào de。 mǐ lǐ 'āi xiān shēng shì 'ài kè sī fǎ yuàn de yī gè cān yì de 'ér zǐ， suǒ wèi de sī fǎ jiè de guì zú。 jù shuō tā de fù qīn yīn wéi yào tā jì chéng ② nà zhí wèi， hěn zǎo， shí bā suì huò 'èr shí suì， jiù 'àn zhào sī fǎ jiè guì zú jiā tíng jiān xiāng dāng pǔ biàn de xí guàn， wèitā wán liǎo hūn。 mǐ lǐ 'āi xiān shēng suī yǐ jié hūn， jù shuō réng cháng cháng rě qǐ bié rén de tán lùn。 tā pǐn mào bù fán， suī rán shēn cái pō xiǎo， dàn shì shēng dé jùn xiù， fēng dù piān piān， tán tù juàn yì； tā yī shēng de zuì chū jiē duàn wán quán xiāo mó zài jiāo jì chǎng suǒ hé yǔ fù nǚ men de sī hùn zhōng。 ③ bào fā liǎo， shì biàn dié chū， sī fǎ jiè guì zú jiā tíng yīn shòu dào cuī huǐ， qū zhú， zhuī bǔ 'ér dōng bēn xī sàn liǎo。 mǐ lǐ 'āi xiān shēng， dāng gāng kāi shǐ shí biàn chū wáng dào yì dà lì。 tā de qī， yīn zǎo yǐ hài fèi bìng， sǐ liǎo。 tā men yī gè hái zǐ yě méi yòu。 cǐ hòu， tā de yī shēng yòu xiē shénme zāo yù ní？ fǎ guó jiù shè huì de bēng kuì， tā zì jǐ jiā tíng de pò luò， yī bān zhě kě néng yīn yuǎn dào chuán wén hé kǒng bù de kuā dà 'ér xiǎn dé gèng jiā kě pà de jiǔ sān nián① de zhǒng zhǒng bēi jù， shì fǒu shǐ tā zài sī xiǎng shàng chǎn shēng guò xiāo chén hé gū dú de yì niàn ní？ yī gè rén zài shēng huó shàng huò cái chǎn shàng zāo liǎo dà nán hái kě néng bùwèi suǒ dòng， dàn yòu shí yòu yī zhǒng shén mì kě pà de dǎ jī， dǎ zài rén de xīn shàng， què néng shǐ rén yī jué bù zhèn； yī xiàng zài huān lè hé wēn qíng zhōng dù rì de tā， shì fǒu shòu guò nà zhǒng tū rú qí lái de dǎ jī ní？ méi yòu shuí nà yàng shuō， wǒ men suǒ zhī dào de zhǐ shì： tā cóng yì dà lì huí lái， jiù yǐ jīng dāng liǎo jiào shì liǎo。
　　① dí niè（ Digne） zài fǎ guó nán bù， shì xià 'ā 'ěr bēi sī shěng de shěng huì。
　　② dāng shí fǎ yuàn de guān zhí shì kě yǐ mǎi de， bìng kě chuán gěi 'ér sūn。
　　③ zhǐ yī qī nián fǎ guó zī chǎn jiē jí。
　　 yī bā sì nián， mǐ lǐ 'āi xiān shēng shì bái lǐ ní 'ào 'ěr de běn táng shén fǔ。 tā dāng shí yǐ jīng lǎo liǎo， guò zhe shēn jū jiǎn chū de shēng huó。
　　 jiē jìn jiā miǎn② shí， tā wèile běn qū de yī jiàn bù zhī dào shénme xiǎo shì， dào bā lí qù guò yī tàng。 tā dài biǎo tā jiào qū de xìn zhòng men xiàng shàng jí yòu suǒ chén qǐng， céng jiā zài yī qún xiǎn yào rén wù zhōng qù jiàn guò fèi shí hóng yī zhù jiào。 yī tiān， huáng dì lái kàn tā de jiù fù③， zhè wèi zūn guì de běn táng shén fǔ zhèng zài qián tīng hòu jiàn， huáng shàng yě qià qiǎo zǒu guò。 ná pò lún kàn jiàn zhè wèi lǎo rén yòng shuāng hǎo qí de yǎn jīng qiáo zhe tā， biàn zhuǎn guò shēn lái， tū rán wèn dào：
　　“ qiáo zhe wǒ de nà hàn zǐ shì shuí yā？”
　　“ bì xià，” mǐ lǐ 'āi xiān shēng shuō，“ nín qiáo yī gè hàn zǐ， wǒ qiáo yī gè tiān zǐ。
　　 bǐ cǐ dū hái shàng suàn。”
　　② ná pò lún yú yī bā sì nián sān yuè shí bā rì chēng dì， shí 'èr yuè 'èr rì jiā miǎn。
　　③ zhǐ fèi shí。
　　 huáng dì zài dāng tiān wǎn shàng xiàng hóng yī zhù jiào wèn míng liǎo zhè wèi běn táng shén fǔ de xìng míng。 bù jiǔ yǐ hòu， mǐ lǐ 'āi xiān shēng jí qí chà yì dì dé dào bèi rèn wéi dí niè zhù jiào de xiāo xī。
　　 cǐ wài， rén men duì mǐ lǐ 'āi xiān shēng chū qī shēng huó suǒ chuán shù de yì shì， nǎ xiē shì zhēn shí de？ shuí yě bù zhī dào。 hěn shǎo rén zhī dào mǐ lǐ 'āi zhè jiā rén zài yǐ qián de qíng kuàng。
　　 rèn hé rén chū dào yī gè shuō huà de zuǐ duō 'ér sī kǎo de tóu nǎo shǎo de xiǎo chéng lǐ zǒng yòu gòu tā shòu de， mǐ lǐ 'āi xiān shēng suǒ shòu de yě bù lì wài。 jìn guǎn tā shì zhù jiào， bìng qiě zhèng yīn wèitā shì zhù jiào， tā jiù dé shòu。 zǒng zhī， qiān shè dào tā míng zì de nà xiē tán huà， yě xǔ zhǐ shì yī xiē xián tán 'ér yǐ， nèi róng bù guò shì tīng lái de sān yán liǎng yǔ hé bǔ fēng zhuō yǐng de dōng xī， yòu shí shèn zhì lián bǔ fēng zhuō yǐng yě shuō bù shàng， zhào nán fāng rén nà zhǒng qiáng liè de huà lái shuō， zhǐ shì“ hú zhōu” ér yǐ。
　　 bù guǎn zěn yàng， tā zhù zài dí niè dān rèn jiào zhí jiǔ nián yǐ hòu， dāng chū chéng wéi nà xiē xiǎo chéng shì hé xiǎo rén men tán huà de tí cái de xián huà， dū wán quán bèi diū zài nǎo hòu liǎo。 méi yòu shuí zài gǎn tí dào， shèn zhì méi yòu shuí zài gǎn huí xiǎng nà xiē xián huà liǎo。
　　 mǐ lǐ 'āi xiān shēng dào dí niè shí yòu gè lǎo gū niàn bàn zhe tā， zhè lǎo gū niàn biàn shì bǐ tā xiǎo shí suì de mèi zǐ bā dí sī dīng gū niàn。
　　 tā men de yōng rén zhǐ shì yī gè hé bā dí sī dīng gū niàn tóng nián de nǚ pú， míng jiào mǎ gé luò dà niàn， xiàn zài， tā zài zuò liǎo“ sī duó xiān shēng de nǚ pú” hòu， qǔ dé liǎo zhè yàng yī gè shuāngchóng tóu xián： gū niàn de nǚ pú hé zhù jiào de guǎn jiā。
　　 bā dí sī dīng gū niàn shì gè shēn cái shòu cháng、 miàn mào qīng qú、 xìng qíng wēn hòu de rén 'ér， tā tǐ xiàn liǎo“ kě jìng” liǎng gè zì suǒ biǎo dá de lǐ xiǎng， yīn wéi yī gè fù rén rú guǒ yào dá dào“ kě jìng” de dì bù， sì hū zǒng dé xiān zuò mǔ qīn。 tā cóng bù céng yòu guò měi lì de shí qī， tā de yī shēng zhǐ shì yī lián chuàn shèng jié de gōng zuò， zhè jiù shǐ tā de shēn tǐ chéng xiàn bái sè hé guāng cǎi； jiāng jìn lǎo nián shí， tā jù yòu wǒ men suǒ wèi de nà zhǒng“ cí xiáng zhī měi”。 tā qīng nián shí qī de xiāo shòu dào tā bàn lǎo shí， zhuǎn chéng liǎo yī zhǒng qīng xū shū lǎng de shén yùn， lìng rén xiǎng jiàn tā shì yī gè tiān shǐ。 tā jiǎn zhí shì gè shén rén， chǔnǚ dāng zhī yě yòu xùn sè。 tā de shēn qū， hǎo xiàng shì yīn yǐng gòu chéng de， jīhū méi yòu zú yǐ xiǎn shì xìng bié de shí tǐ， zhǐ shì yī xiǎo cuō tòu zhe wēi guāng de wù zhì， xiù cháng de yǎn jīng lǎo dī chuí zhe， wǒ men kě yǐ shuō tā shì jì cún zài rén jiān de tiān nǚ。
　　 mǎ gé luò dà niàn shì gè 'ǎi lǎo、 bái pàng、 yōng zhǒng、 máng lù bù dìng、 zhōng rì qì chuǎn xū xū de fù rén， yī zé yīn wéi tā cāo zuò qín láo， zài zé yīn wéi tā yòu qì chuǎn bìng。
　　 mǐ lǐ 'āi xiān shēng dào rèn yǐ hòu， rén men jiù zhào jiāng zhù jiào liè zài jǐn cì yú yuán shuài dì wèi de lǜ lìng suǒ guī dìng de yí jié， bǎ tā 'ān dùn zài zhù jiào yuàn lǐ。 shì cháng hé yì cháng xiàng tā zuò liǎo chū cì de bài fǎng， ér tā， zài tā nà yī miàn， yě xiàng jiāng jūn hé shěng cháng zuò liǎo chū cì de bài fǎng。
　　 bù shǔ jì bì， quán chéng jìng hòu zhù jiào zhí xíng rèn wù。

　　M. MYRIEL
　　 In 1815, M. Charles-Francois-Bienvenu Myriel was Bishop of D---- He was an old man of about seventy-five years of age; he had occupied the see of D---- since 1806.
　　 Although this detail has no connection whatever with the real substance of what we are about to relate, it will not be superfluous, if merely for the sake of exactness in all points, to mention here the various rumors and remarks which had been in circulation about him from the very moment when he arrived in the diocese. True or false, that which is said of men often occupies as important a place in their lives, and above all in their destinies, as that which they do. M. Myriel was the son of a councillor of the Parliament of Aix; hence he belonged to the nobility of the bar. It was said that his father, destining him to be the heir of his own post, had married him at a very early age, eighteen or twenty, in accordance with a custom which is rather widely prevalent in parliamentary families. In spite of this marriage, however, it was said that Charles Myriel created a great deal of talk. He was well formed, though rather short in stature, elegant, graceful, intelligent; the whole of the first portion of his life had been devoted to the world and to gallantry.
　　 The Revolution came; events succeeded each other with precipitation; the parliamentary families, decimated, pursued, hunted down, were dispersed. M. Charles Myriel emigrated to Italy at the very beginning of the Revolution. There his wife died of a malady of the chest, from which she had long suffered. He had no children. What took place next in the fate of M. Myriel? The ruin of the French society of the olden days, the fall of his own family, the tragic spectacles of '93, which were, perhaps, even more alarming to the emigrants who viewed them from a distance, with the magnifying powers of terror,--did these cause the ideas of renunciation and solitude to germinate in him? Was he, in the midst of these distractions, these affections which absorbed his life, suddenly smitten with one of those mysterious and terrible blows which sometimes overwhelm, by striking to his heart, a man whom public catastrophes would not shake, by striking at his existence and his fortune? No one could have told: all that was known was, that when he returned from Italy he was a priest.
　　 In 1804, M. Myriel was the Cure of B---- (Brignolles). He was already advanced in years, and lived in a very retired manner.
　　 About the epoch of the coronation, some petty affair connected with his curacy--just what, is not precisely known--took him to Paris. Among other powerful persons to whom he went to solicit aid for his parishioners was M. le Cardinal Fesch. One day, when the Emperor had come to visit his uncle, the worthy Cure, who was waiting in the anteroom, found himself present when His Majesty passed. Napoleon, on finding himself observed with a certain curiosity by this old man, turned round and said abruptly:--
　　 "Who is this good man who is staring at me?"
　　 "Sire," said M. Myriel, "you are looking at a good man, and I at a great man. Each of us can profit by it."
　　 That very evening, the Emperor asked the Cardinal the name of the Cure, and some time afterwards M. Myriel was utterly astonished to learn that he had been appointed Bishop of D----
　　 What truth was there, after all, in the stories which were invented as to the early portion of M. Myriel's life? No one knew. Very few families had been acquainted with the Myriel family before the Revolution.
　　 M. Myriel had to undergo the fate of every newcomer in a little town, where there are many mouths which talk, and very few heads which think. He was obliged to undergo it although he was a bishop, and because he was a bishop. But after all, the rumors with which his name was connected were rumors only,--noise, sayings, words; less than words-- palabres, as the energetic language of the South expresses it.
　　 However that may be, after nine years of episcopal power and of residence in D----, all the stories and subjects of conversation which engross petty towns and petty people at the outset had fallen into profound oblivion. No one would have dared to mention them; no one would have dared to recall them.
　　 M. Myriel had arrived at D---- accompanied by an elderly spinster, Mademoiselle Baptistine, who was his sister, and ten years his junior.
　　 Their only domestic was a female servant of the same age as Mademoiselle Baptistine, and named Madame Magloire, who, after having been the servant of M. le Cure, now assumed the double title of maid to Mademoiselle and housekeeper to Monseigneur.
　　 Mademoiselle Baptistine was a long, pale, thin, gentle creature; she realized the ideal expressed by the word "respectable"; for it seems that a woman must needs be a mother in order to be venerable. She had never been pretty; her whole life, which had been nothing but a succession of holy deeds, had finally conferred upon her a sort of pallor and transparency; and as she advanced in years she had acquired what may be called the beauty of goodness. What had been leanness in her youth had become transparency in her maturity; and this diaphaneity allowed the angel to be seen. She was a soul rather than a virgin. Her person seemed made of a shadow; there was hardly sufficient body to provide for sex; a little matter enclosing a light; large eyes forever drooping;-- a mere pretext for a soul's remaining on the earth.
　　 Madame Magloire was a little, fat, white old woman, corpulent and bustling; always out of breath,--in the first place, because of her activity, and in the next, because of her asthma.
　　 On his arrival, M. Myriel was installed in the episcopal palace with the honors required by the Imperial decrees, which class a bishop immediately after a major-general. The mayor and the president paid the first call on him, and he, in turn, paid the first call on the general and the prefect.
　　 The installation over, the town waited to see its bishop at work.