shǒuyè>> wénxué>> 现实百态>> tuō · dài Thomas Hardy   yīng guó United Kingdom   wēn suō wáng cháo   (1840niánliùyuè2rì1928niányuányuè11rì)
hái xiāng The Return of the Native
  《 hái xiāng biǎo niánshì tuō · dài( 1840 héng 1928) chuàng zuò zhōng de zhòng yào chéng guǒ dài zhè wèi yīng guó shí jiǔ shì de xiǎo shuō jiā 'èr shí shì chū de shī rénjiǔ wèiwǒ guó zhě suǒ shú xīn shǎng de xiǎo shuō hèshī dài biǎo zuò jiā de tái 》、《 míng de qiú 》、《 hái xiāng》、《 qiáo shì cháng》、《 sān guài 》、《 liè wángděngcóng běn shì 'èr sān shí nián dài kāi shǐjiù tōng guò zhōng běn jiè shào dào liǎo guó dài zài de chuàng zuò shēng zhōng jué fèng xíng wén xué fǎn yìng rén shēngbào rén shēng pàn rén shēng de zhù zhāngtóng shí yòu jué tàn xún shù shàng de duàn chuàng xīn
  
   hái xiāng - zuò pǐn jiǎn jiè
  
  《 hái xiāngzhèng shì dài chuàng zuò zhōng zhè zhǒng shuāngchóng jué xìng de xiàn shì shēng de chǎng jǐng 'ài dūn huāng yuán huāng yuán shàng shǒu chuán tǒng guàn fēng de mínjiù shì zhěng rén lèi shēng cún huán jìng de suō yǐng shì zhōng nán zhù rén gōng huāng yuán de guān guǎn shì lín · yáo de huí guī huāng yuángǎi zào huāng yuánhái shì yóu tái suō de yàn juàn huāng yuánbǎi tuō huāng yuán fǎn yìng liǎo dài shí dài dexiàn dàiqīng nián huán jìng de liè chōng lín · yáo nián qīng yòu wéicóng hái xiāngmǎn huái yóu guó kōng xiǎng shè huì zhù xiǎng shēng 'ér lái de shàn liáng yuàn pāo fán huá shì jiè de fēn rǎo láo fánzhǐ zuì jīn de shēng huó zài xiāng de qióng xiāng rǎng kāi chuàng fān xiǎo xiǎo de jīng bāng shìkāi méng zhì de shì dàn shǒu xiān zāo dào deshì zuì qīn jìn de guǎ xīn hūn de fǎn duìyóu mìng yùn de zhuō nòng yòu huàn yǎn jìn 'ér wèitā de shī bài tuī zhù lán zhù rén gōng yóu tái suō huán jìng de chōng shì cháo zhe yáo xiāng fǎn de lìng fāng xiàngyáo shì shēng huāng yuán héng héng zǒu xiàng fán huá shì jiè héng héng guī huāng yuányóu tái suō shì shēng fán huá shì jiè héng héng liú luò huāng yuán héng héng táo huāng yuán men 'èr rén suī dōubù mǎn xiàn zhuàng yòu chāo chū huāng yuán rén chuán tǒng xiǎng dexiàn dài shídàn shì réng zhè yàng de duì qīng nián nán duō bàn chū wài mào shàng de xiāng yǐnzài jiā shàng chū shí jiē duàn de jiězài shí de gǎn qíng chōng dòng zhī xià jié wéi hūn yīn bàn men hūn hòu de chōng jiù gèng jiā lièyòu shì mìng yùn de nòngzhè zhǒng chōng jǐn nán yīn shì dǎo pái jiěxiāo jiǎnxiāng fǎn què yǎn lièzuì hòu rán niàng shēng bēi


  The Return of the Native is Thomas Hardy's sixth published novel. It first appeared in the magazine Belgravia, a publication known for its sensationalism, and was presented in twelve monthly installments from January to December 1878. Due to the novel's controversial themes, Hardy had some difficulty finding a publisher; reviews, however, though somewhat mixed, were generally positive. In the twentieth century, The Return of the Native became one of Hardy's most popular novels.
  
  Plot summary
  
  The novel takes place entirely in the environs of Egdon Heath, and, with the exception of the epilogue, Aftercourses, covers exactly a year and a day. The narrative begins on the evening of Guy Fawkes Night as Diggory Venn drives slowly across the heath, carrying a hidden passenger in the back of his van. When darkness falls, the country folk light bonfires on the surrounding hills, emphasizing - not for the last time - the pagan spirit of the heath and its denizens.
  
  Venn is a reddleman; he travels the country marking flocks of sheep with a red mineral called 'reddle', a dialect term for red ochre. Although his trade has stained him red from head to foot, underneath his devilish colouring he is a handsome, shrewd, well-meaning young man. His passenger is a young woman named Thomasin Yeobright, whom Venn is taking home. Earlier that day, Thomasin had planned to marry Damon Wildeve, a local innkeeper known for his fickleness; however, a minor technical difficulty delayed the marriage and Thomasin, in distress, ran after the reddleman's van and asked him to take her home. Venn himself is in love with Thomasin, and unsuccessfully wooed her a year or two before. Now, although he knows Wildeve is unworthy of her love, he is so devoted to her that he is willing to help her secure the man of her choice.
  
  At length, Venn reaches Bloom's End, the home of Thomasin's aunt, Mrs. Yeobright. She is a good woman, if somewhat proud and inflexible, and she wants the best for Thomasin. In former months she opposed her niece's choice of husband, and publicly forbade the banns; now, since Thomasin has compromised herself by leaving town with Wildeve and returning unmarried, the best outcome Mrs. Yeobright can envision is for the postponed marriage to be duly solemnized as soon as possible. She and Venn both begin working on Wildeve to make sure he keeps his promise to Thomasin.
  
  Wildeve, however, is still preoccupied with Eustacia Vye, an exotically beautiful young woman living with her grandfather in a lonely house on Egdon Heath. Eustacia is a black-haired, queenly woman who grew up in Budmouth, a fashionable seaside resort. She holds herself aloof from most of the heathfolk; they, in turn, consider her an oddity, and one or two even think she's a witch. She is nothing like Thomasin, who is sweet-natured. She loathes the heath, yet roams it constantly, carrying a spyglass and an hourglass. The previous year, she and Wildeve were lovers; however, even during the height of her passion for him, she knew she only loved him because there was no better object available. When Wildeve broke off the relationship to court Thomasin, Eustacia's interest in him briefly returned. The two meet on Guy Fawkes night, and Wildeve asks her to run off to America with him. She demurs.
  
  Eustacia drops Wildeve when Mrs. Yeobright's son Clym, a successful diamond merchant, returns from Paris to his native Egdon Heath. Although he has no plans to return to Paris or the diamond trade and is, in fact, openly planning to become a schoolmaster for the rural poor, Eustacia sees him as a way to escape the hated heath and begin a grander, richer existence in a glamorous new location. With some difficulty, she arranges to meet Clym, and the two soon fall in love. When Mrs. Yeobright objects, Clym quarrels with her; later, she quarrels with Eustacia as well.
  "Unconscious of her presence, he still went on singing." Eustacia watches Clym cut furze in this illustration by Arthur Hopkins for the original Belgravia edition (Plate 8, July 1878).
  
  When he sees that Eustacia is lost to him, Wildeve marries Thomasin, who gives birth to a daughter the next summer. Clym and Eustacia also marry and move to a small cottage five miles away, where they enjoy a brief period of happiness. The seeds of rancour soon begin to germinate, however: Clym studies night and day to prepare for his new career as a schoolmaster while Eustacia clings to the hope that he'll give up the idea and take her abroad. Instead, he nearly blinds himself with too much reading, then further mortifies his wife by deciding to eke out a living, at least temporarily, as a furze-cutter. Eustacia, her dreams blasted, finds herself living in a hut on the heath, chained by marriage to a lowly labouring man.
  
  At this point, Wildeve reappears; he has unexpectedly inherited a large sum of money, and is now in a better position to fulfill Eustacia's hopes. He comes calling on the Yeobrights in the middle of one hot August day and, although Clym is at home, he is fast asleep on the hearth after a gruelling session of furze-cutting. While Eustacia and Wildeve are talking, Mrs. Yeobright knocks on the door; she has decided to pay a courtesy call in the hopes of healing the estrangement between herself and her son. Eustacia looks out at her and then, in some alarm, ushers her visitor out the back door. She hears Clym calling to his mother and, thinking his mother's knocking has awakened him, remains in the garden for a few moments. When Eustacia goes back inside, she finds Clym still asleep and his mother gone. Clym, she now realises, merely cried out his mother's name in his sleep.
  
  Mrs Yeobright, it turns out, saw Eustacia looking out the window at her; she also saw Clym's gear by the door, and so knew they were both at home. Now, thinking she has been deliberately barred from her son's home, she miserably begins the long, hot walk home. Later that evening, Clym, unaware of her attempted visit, heads for Bloom's End and on the way finds her crumpled beside the path, dying from an adder's bite. When she expires that night from the combined effects of snake venom and heat exhaustion, Clym's grief and remorse make him physically ill for several weeks. Eustacia, racked with guilt, dare not tell him of her role in the tragedy; when he eventually finds out from a neighbour's child about his mother's visit - and Wildeve's - he rushes home to accuse his wife of murder and adultery. Eustacia refuses to explain her actions; instead, she tells him You are no blessing, my husband and reproaches him for his cruelty. She then moves back to her grandfather's house, where she struggles with her despair while she awaits some word from Clym.
  
  Wildeve visits her again on Guy Fawkes night, and offers to help her get to Paris. Eustacia realises that if she lets Wildeve help her, she'll be obliged to become his mistress. She tells him she will send him a signal by night if she decides to accept. Clym's anger, meanwhile, has cooled and he sends Eustacia a letter the next day offering reconciliation. The letter arrives a few minutes too late; by the time her grandfather tries to give it to her, she has already signalled to Wildeve and set off through wind and rain to meet him. She walks along weeping, however, knowing she is about to break her marriage vows for a man who is unworthy of her.
  
  Wildeve readies a horse and gig and waits for Eustacia in the dark. Thomasin, guessing his plans, sends Clym to intercept him; she also, by chance, encounters Diggory Venn as she dashes across the heath herself in pursuit of her husband. Eustacia does not appear; instead, she falls or throws herself into nearby Shadwater Weir. Clym and Wildeve hear the splash and hurry to investigate. Wildeve plunges recklessly after Eustacia without bothering to remove his coat, while Clym, proceeding more cautiously, nevertheless is also soon at the mercy of the raging waters. Venn arrives in time to save Clym, but is too late for the others. When Clym revives, he accuses himself of murdering his wife and mother.
  
  In the epilogue, Venn gives up being a reddleman to become a dairy farmer. Two years later, Thomasin marries him and they settle down happily together. Clym, now a sad, solitary figure, eventually takes up preaching.
  Discussion
  
  With its deeply flawed heroine and its (for the time) open acknowledgement of illicit sexual relationships, The Return of the Native raised some eyebrows when it first appeared as a serial in Victorian Britain. Although he intended to structure the novel into five books, thus mirroring the classical tragic format, Hardy submitted to the tastes of the serial-reading public sufficiently to tack on a happy ending for Diggory Venn and Thomasin in a sixth book, Aftercourses. In Hardy's original conception, Venn retains his weird reddleman's character, while Thomasin lives out her days as a widow.
  
  Hardy's choice of themes - sexual politics, thwarted desire, and the conflicting demands of nature and society - makes this a truly modern novel. Underlying these modern themes, however, is a classical sense of tragedy: Hardy scrupulously observes the three unities of time, place, and action and suggests that the struggles of those trying to escape their destinies will only hasten their destruction. To emphasize this point, he uses as setting an ancient heath steeped in pre-Christian history and supplies a Chorus consisting of Grandfer Cantle, Timothy Fairway, and the rest of the heathfolk. Hardy also pointedly alludes to Oedipus Rex with Clym's blindness and his obsessive grief for his mother. Eustacia, who manipulates fate in hopes of leaving Egdon Heath for a larger existence in Paris, instead becomes an eternal resident when she drowns in Shadwater Weir; Wildeve shares not only Eustacia's dream of escape, but also her fate; and Clym, the would-be educational reformer, survives the Weir but lives on as a lonely, remorseful man.
  
  Some critics – notably D. H. Lawrence – see the novel as a study of the way communities control their misfits. In Egdon Heath, most people (particularly the women) look askance at the proud, unconventional Eustacia. Mrs. Yeobright considers her too odd and unreliable to be a suitable bride for her son, and Susan Nunsuch, who frankly believes her to be a witch, tries to protect her children from Eustacia's supposedly baleful influence by stabbing her with a stocking pin and later burning her in effigy. Clym at first laughs at such superstitions, but later embraces the majority opinion when he rejects his wife as a murderer and adultress. In this view, Eustacia dies because she has internalised the community's values to the extent that, unable to escape Egdon without confirming her status as a fallen woman, she chooses suicide. She thereby ends her sorrows while at the same time – by drowning in the weir like any woman instead of floating, witchlike – she proves her essential innocence to the community.
  Character list
  
   * Clement (Clym) Yeobright—A man of about thirty who gives up a business career in Paris to return to his native Egdon Heath to become a “schoolmaster to the poor and ignorant” (Hardy himself gave up a successful career as a London architect and returned to his native Dorchester to become a writer). "The beauty here visible would in no time be ruthlessly overrun by its parasite, thought." Clym is the "native" to which the book's title refers.
  
   * Eustacia Vye—A raven-haired young beauty who chafes against her life on the heath and longs to escape it in order to lead the more adventure-filled life of the world. Some of the heathfolk think she is a witch. Hardy describes her as "the raw material of a divinity" whose "celestial imperiousness, love, wrath, and fervour had proved to be somewhat thrown away on netherward Egdon."
  
   * Mrs. Yeobright—Clym’s mother, a widow of inflexible standards. Thomasin has lived with her for many years, but Clym is her only child. She strongly disapproves of Eustacia.
  
   * Thomasin (Tamsin) Yeobright—Clym’s cousin and Mrs. Yeobright’s niece, a young girl of gentle ways and conventional expectations. In Hardy's original manuscript, Wildeve tricks her with a false marriage in order to seduce her. "Mrs Yeobright saw a little figure...undefended except by the power of her own hope."
  
   * Damon Wildeve—Eustacia's former lover and Thomasin's first husband. He is an ex-engineer who has failed in his profession and who now keeps an inn, "The Quiet Woman" – so-called because its sign depicts a decapitated woman carrying her own head. He has a wandering eye and an appetite for women. "A lady killing career."
  
   * Diggory Venn—A resourceful man of twenty-four and a reddleman (a travelling seller of reddle, red chalk used for marking sheep). He selflessly protects Thomasin throughout the novel despite the fact that she refused to marry him two years before. He keeps a watchful eye on Eustacia to make sure Wildeve doesn't go back to her. At the end, he renounces his trade to become a dairy farmer like his father, and in doing so loses the red skin. He is then seen as a suitable husband for Thomasin. Venn's red coloration and frequent narrative references to his 'Mephistophelean' or diabolical character are symbolic and important. In one particularly significant chapter ("The Morning and Evening of an Eventful Day"), Venn displays an increasingly unlikely string of good luck, repeatedly rolling dice and defeating a rival. This event makes Venn something of a deus ex machina, as well as a quasi-magical figure. While Hardy abandons these aspects of Venn's character by the end of the novel, during his 'reddleman' phase, Venn lends elements of magical realism and what modern readers would understand to be superheroic elements to the novel.
  
   * Captain Vye—Eustacia’s grandfather and a former naval officer.
  
   * Timothy Fairway—A sententious man of middle age who is greatly respected by the other heathfolk.
  
   * Grandfer Cantle—A somewhat senile and always lively ex-soldier of about sixty-nine.
  
   * Christian Cantle—Grandfer Cantle’s fearful and timid thirty-one-year-old son.
  
   * Humphrey—Clym's eventual colleague, a furze cutter (furze is a low, prickly shrub more commonly called gorse).
  
   * Susan Nunsuch—Eustacia's nearest neighbour and bitterest enemy who convinces herself that Eustacia's witchery has caused her son's sickliness. In a memorable scene, Susan tries to protect him by making a wax effigy of Eustacia, sticking it full of pins, and melting it in her fireplace while uttering the Lord's Prayer backward. Eustacia drowns later that night.
  
   * Johnny Nunsuch—Susan’s son, a young boy. He encounters Mrs. Yeobright during her fatal walk home and, in obedience to her wishes, reports her last words to Clym: I am a broken-hearted woman cast off by my son.
  
   * Charley—A sixteen-year-old boy who works for Captain Vye and who admires Eustacia, largely from afar.
  
   * Egdon Heath—The setting for all the novel's events; considered by some critics to be the leading character as well. It is profoundly ancient, the scene of intense but long-forgotten pagan lives. As its tumuli attest, it is also a graveyard that has swallowed countless generations of inhabitants without changing much itself. To Thomasin, Clym, and Diggory, it is a benign, natural place; in Eustacia's eyes, it becomes a malevolent presence intent on destroying her.
  
  Adaptations
  
  The first and, thus far, only film version of The Return of the Native was a television movie released in 1994. The setting for the film is Exmoor rather than Egdon Heath: the film stars Catherine Zeta Jones as Eustacia Vye, Clive Owen as Damon Wildeve, Ray Stevenson as Clym Yeobright, and Joan Plowright as Mrs. Yeobright. Jack Gold directed. The novel has also been adapted for the stage several times.
  In popular culture
  
   * Monty Python's 1973 record, Matching Tie and Handkerchief includes a sketch called "Novel Writing". In the sketch, a crowd gathers to watch Thomas Hardy begin his latest novel while an enthusiastic sports announcer provides a running commentary. The novel is The Return of the Native.
   * In the early 1970s, Granada Television produced a half-hour documentary in its 'Parade' art series entitled Egdon Heath in which an actor portraying Gustav Holst walks across the barren heath while the music from his tone poem Egdon Heath is playing, and sees scenes and characters from novel which inspired the music.
   * This novel is mentioned by Holden Caulfield in J. D. Salinger's classic novel The Catcher in the Rye.
   * In 1993, the British traditional singer Johnny Collins recorded Diggery Venn the Raddle Man (sic) on his album Pedlar of Songs.
   * In 1994, the Seattle band Thrones released a single entitled "Reddleman".
   * The band The Rainmakers released a song called "Reddleman Coming".
   * The indie band Nightmare of You's 2009 CD Infomaniac contains a song called "Eustacia Vye".
   men yào jiǎ dìng xià shì jiàn shēng de què dìng zài zhì nián zhī jiānshū zhōng bèi chēng zhī wéi máo de lǎo hǎi bīn shèng zài qiáo zhì wáng cháo shí dài shì huān de yòu míng fāngzhè shí fēng yóu zàiduì de nèi rén làng màn 'ér xiǎng xiàng de xīn líng rán yòu yǐn rén de mèi
   xiǎo shuō zhōng yīn chén hūn 'àn de bèi jǐng míng wéiāi dūn huāng yuán”, zài zhè tǒng chēng xiàlián huò dài biǎo liǎo hǎo xiē yòu zhēn míng de huāng yuánsuàn lái zhì shǎo yòu shí lái zhè xiē huāng yuán zài xìng huómiàn shàng shí shuō lái méi yòu shénme yàngdàn shìxiàn zài huá kāi kěn chū fēng qiàn tóng de zhuāng jià huò shì rén men zhí shù zào lín kuài kuài qiáng xíng qīn de tián huāng yuán shǐ chū huò fēn de zhì xìng duō shǎo yòu xiē yǎn gài liǎo lái
   shū zhōng miáo xiě de shì zhěng guǎng mào de nán fēnyòu de diǎn néng jiù shì chuán shuō zhōng wēi sài
   guó wáng -- 'ěr de huāng yuánzuò zhè yàng de xiá xiǎnglìng rén gǎn dào yuè
   nián yuè
   yán
   wèile shǐ xún zhǎo diǎn de rén shī wàng yào chōng shuō míng xià men guǒ jiǎ dìng xiǎo shuō de xíng dòng shì zài shàng suǒ shù lián chéng wéi de huāng yuán shàng shì jué de zhōng xīn jìn xíngjiē jìn shū zhōng miáo shù de dìng mào shí shàng wèi piàn de biān yuán zhōng xīn yīng zài fāng miànyuán běn sàn chù de zhēng bèi zhōng lái
   wéi jiě yòu guān shì zhōng zhù rén gōng jiào míngyóu tái suōde xún wèn fáng zài xiàzhè shì hēng shì zài wèi shí 'ào 'è · niè zhuāng yuán zhù rén de jiào míngxiǎo shuō zhōng de 'āi dūn huāng yuán shì gāi zhuāng yuán jiào de fēn
   xiǎo shuō bǎn nián sān juàn běn chū bǎn
   tuō · dài
   jiǔ 'èr nián yuè
   duìyōu shāng
   dào shēng zài jiàn
   xīn xiǎng yuǎn yuǎn shuǎi zài hòu miàn
   qíng mián mián
   shēn shēn 'ài liàn
   zhōng zhēn qīnqiè 'ǎi
   xiǎng piàn
   yuǎn yuǎn shuǎi kāi
   dàn shìā zhōng zhēn qīnqiè 'ǎi
  《 hái xiāngshì yīng guó zuò jiā tuō · dài -- jiǔ 'èr de liù xiǎo shuō dài liù nián dòng xiě zuò 'èr nián chūn tiānwéi shǐ xiǎo shuō néng liánzǎi xíng shì biǎo duì shù jié gòu jìn xíng chóngxīn tiáozhěng nián sān yuè dài wán chéng quán shū chū gǎozhè shí,《 bèi 'ěr lāi wéi zhì cóng nián chū kāi shǐ liánzǎi kān chū sān shǐ 'āi 'ěr chū bǎn shè gǎn zài shí 'èr yuèbèi 'ěr lāi wéi zuì hòu qián xīng chū bǎn liǎo xiǎo shuō dài shēng zhù shù shèn fēngzuò pǐn zài bǎn shí huān jìn xíng xiū gǎi。《 hái xiāngyòu nián jiǔ 'èr nián liǎng xiū dìng bǎn dài fēn bié wéi liǎng bǎn běn xiě liǎo yánzhāng ruò xiān shēng de běn shì gēn mài lán chū bǎn gōng jiǔ 'èr nián de bǎn běn jiǔ nián xiū dìng bǎn)。 dāng jiē shòu chóngyìhái xiāngrèn shímiàn lín xuǎn bǎn běn de wèn
   jiàohái xiāng nián de chū bǎn hòu de xiū dìng bǎn xiàn shì qíng jié běn bǎo chí yuán yàngdàn míng zuò liǎo hěn gǎi dòngshǐ xiǎo shuō bèi jǐng yuán xiān zhǒng wèi zhì de xìng méi yòu liǎo dài zài nián dezhōng míng què zhǐ chūāi dūn huāng yuánlián huò dài biǎo liǎo hǎo xiē yòu zhēn míng de huāng yuánsuàn lái zhì shǎo yòu shí lái ”。 kàn 'āi dūn huāng yuán de zhǒng cónghēi zhǒnggǎi míng wéiér jiā”。 zhè zhī dòngjiāng gòu biàn wéi xiàn shí:“ zhǒngshì wèi duō sài jùn dài chū shēng de suǒ fáng yuǎn de kuài huāng yuán gāo de míng dài zài jiǔ 'èr nián de yánzhōng zài biǎo shìwén xué 'àihào zhě gēn xiǎo shuō de shìzài xiàn shí zhōng zhǎo dào 'āi dūn huāng yuán
  《 hái xiāngxiū dìng bǎn zhōng míng de gēnggǎi shí shàng fǎn yìng liǎo dài dāng shí xiǎng shàng de xiē biàn huà dài de xiǎo shuō zhí xiāng duō sài jùn gāi jùn jìn de nóng cūn zuò bèi jǐngshí jiǔ shì běn zhù shēng chǎn fāng shì jìn yīng guó nóng cūn shǐ zōng shè huì chǔ bēng kuìchuán tǒng jīng jié gòu jiě rán miàn mào zāo dào huài guǒ dài zǎo zuò pǐn miáo xiě de shì yīng guó nóng cūn de tián jìng jǐng xiàng míng lǎng de tián yuán shēng huó de hòu zuò pǐn zhù yào fǎn yìng liǎo běn zhù shēng chǎn fāng shì jìn nóng cūn hòu zào chéng de xìng zāinàn diào míng xiǎn biàn yīn chén。《 hái xiāngshì dài xiǎo shuō chuàng zuò de zhōng zuò pǐnxiǎo shuō biǎo shí nián hòu zài bǎn shí dài kāi shǐ duì nóng cūn lǎo chuán tǒng de xiāo shī biǎo shì guān zhù,《 hái xiāngde rán huán jìng yòu liǎo zhǒng xīn de qiáng liè shí dào zuò wéi xiǎo shuō jiā yòu rèn zài xiǎo shuō zhōng bǎo cún zhèng zài huò jiāng xiāo shī de nóng cūn lǎo de shēng huó fāng shìfēng guàn rán miàn màozài zhè xiǎng zhǐ dǎo xià dài duìhái xiāngjìn xíng xiū dìngshǐ běn lái gòu de míng gēn shí de yīng guó néng gòu duì yìng láicóng 'ér zēng qiáng xiǎo shuō de shǐ gǎn
   dài xiū dìnghái xiāngshí wàng xiǎo shuō néng gòu chéng wéi juàn shǐ dàng 'àn zhòng shǐ xìngér dòng xiě zhè xiǎo shuō shí de chū zhōng shì yào duì bēi rén shēng jìn xíng zhé kǎo zhòng biàn xìngchū bǎn xiū dìng bǎn de chā bié jiē shì chū dài xiǎng zhǎn de yǎn biàn guǐ yóu zhāng ruò xiān shēng cǎi yòng de shìhái xiāngxiū dìng bǎn jué dìng gēn xiǎo shuō de chū bǎn jìn xíng fān wèile zài xiànhái xiāngchū bǎn de yuán mào xiàn zài xuǎn yòng de bǎn běn shìbèi 'ěr lāi wéi zhì de pái bǎn gōng nián shǐ yòng de shǒu gǎo běnyóu yīng guó niú jīn xué chū bǎn shè chū bǎn
  《 hái xiāngbiāo zhì zhe dài xiǎo shuō chuàng zuò de zhuǎn zhé diǎnzài zhè xiǎo shuō men kàn dào liǎo dài zài hòu lái de bēi xiǎo shuō zhōng dào jìn zhǎn de xiǎng kòng zhì de wài liàng nèi xīn chōng dòng jué dìng zhe rén mìng yùnbìng zào chéng bēi tóng zuò kàn zhěng huāng yuán de hēi zhǒng,《 hái xiāngzhōng bēi xìng mìng yùn de yīn yǐng shǐ zhì zhōng lǒngzhào zhe zhù yào rén
  《 hái xiāngtóng chuán tǒng wéi duō xiǎo shuō yàng zhāng xiě rén ér shì zhuān mén xiě 'āi dūn huāng yuánrén yào děng dào 'èr zhāng cái chū chǎng dài kāi shǐ jiù huāng yuán de zhēng gào zhěāi dūn huāng yuán de mán huāng zhuàng tàicóng yuǎn dào xiàn zàiméi yòu shénme biàn huà。“ cóng qiú shàng kāi shǐ yòu cǎo huāng yuán de rǎng jiù chuān shàng jiàn jiù de cóng gēnghuàn。” zhù zài huāng yuán shàng de rén bìng kāi kěn zhuāng jià huò zhǒng zhí shù lín men jīng cǎo biān sǎo zhǒu wéi shēngzhè xiē huó dòng rán jiè zhí shēng cháng làn zài shēng de guò chéng xiāng zhìbìng gǎi biàn huāng yuán miàn mào lín hòu lái kǎn jīng men tōng guò yuē lài tài tài de yǎn jīngkàn dàozhè shēng xiǎng gànhuó de rén de shēng huó gēn kūn chóng yàngméi yòu rèn zhòng yào xìng xiǎn zhǐ shì huāng yuán shàng de shēng tóng 'é yǎo shí de cháng láo zuò yǎo shí zhe huāng yuán biǎo miàn。” huāng yuán shì juéchéng wéi nóng tián lín hǎi zhōng de zuò dǎoyóu qiān bǎi nián láidōu méi yòu shénme biàn huàzài huāng yuán shàngshí jiān de gài niàn shì deguò xiàn zài jiè xiàn qīng jīng jué cǎokūn chóng gòu chéng de rán jǐng ,“ shǔ yuǎn shí tàn shí de shì jiè”。 lín zài huāng yuán shàng sàn shí huí dào shǐ qián shí xiǎng xiàngkǎi 'ěr luò zài zhōu wéi de xiǎo dào shàng zǒu zhe”,“ kàn jiàn men zhàn zài chù gāo gāo lóng wán hǎo chū de zhǒng bàng biān。” dāng ránhuāng yuán bìng fēi chāo yuè shí jiān yóu shí jiān wàidàn shìshí jiān de zài huāng yuán shàng zài máo què shì yàng deshí shànghuāng yuán gǎi biàn shí jiān néngshǐ wǎn zēng jiā bàn xiǎo shí”,“ shǐ míng tuī chí dào láishǐ zhèng biàn bēi liáng。” huāng yuán shàng de rén yòng fēn zhōng lái shí nián de zhōu biàn huàshì yòng zhí yán lái biǎo shì shì chūn tiānhóng shì xià tiānzōng shì qiū tiānhēi shì dōng tiānhuāng yuán zuò wéi zhǒng rán huán jìng běn shēn cún zài shàn 'è wèn duì shì shì de xīng shuāi chí chāo rán tài duì rén de bēi huān dòng zhōngdàn zhè zhǒng quē tóng qíng xīn de guān liàng dàn pèng dào huìjiù huì chéng wéi zài míng míng zhōng zhuō nòng rén rén dào jué shàng dezhòng shén zhī shǒude gōng zàihái xiāngzhōngāi dūn huāng yuán de zhòng yào xìng zài rèn zhù yào rén zhī huāng yuán shì xiǎo shuō rén huó dòng de táixiǎo shuō zhōng zhí jiē miáo xiě de shì jiàn shēng zài zhè piàn jīng cóng shēng de shàngzài shì zhǎn jìn chéng zhōngyuē lài tài tài bèi shé yǎo yóu tái suō wéi yān lín chéng wéi xún huí jiǎng dào zhěxiǎo shuō rén luò dào zhè jié huāng yuán yòu guānzài dài xiàāi dūn huāng yuán gòu chéng shì de bèi jǐngtóng shí yòu xiàng zhēng chéng wéi cānyù jué dìng rén mìng yùn de wài liàng de zhǒng biǎo xiàn xíng shì
   dài zài gòu hái xiāngde qíng jié shí suàn zhǎn xiàn yīcháng zài tōng rén de liàn qíngpiān jiàn xīnxiāng zuò yòng xià chǎn shēng debēi ”。 suī rán dài shì zài nián hòu biǎo de qiáo shì cháng》( liùdāng zhōng cái chōng fēn biǎo xìng mìng yùnde xiǎngdàn zàihái xiāngrén xìng shàng de yīn jīng chéng wéi dǎo zhì bēi de zhòng yào yuán yīnzhè zài yóu tái suō lín yuē lài tài tài shēn shàng kàn xiāng dāng qīng chǔ
   yóu tái suō zài máo guò liǎo de tóng niánhǎi bīn chéng shì liú guāng cǎi de shēng huó zài xìng shàng liú xià shēn shēn de yìn hòu lái shǒu guī tiān biàn gēn suí wài gōng lái dào huāng yuán gǎng zhùyóu tái suō cóng yáng guāng míng mèi de máo lái dào huāng liáng hūn 'àn de 'āi dūn huāng yuánfǎng shì cóng tiān táng bèifàng zhúdào liǎo dān gǎn guān xiǎng shòu de yóu tái suō huāng yuán shàng zào dān diào de fēn wéi hèn huāng yuánjiāng shì wéi de jiān ”, dǎo:“ ā de xīn cóng zhè de hūn 'àn zhōng jiě tuō chū lái 。” yóu tái suō shì yòu xīnde hái xiǎng fāng shè yào gǎi biàn de mìng yùn kāi huāng yuán jué dìng lín jié hūnshì cuò jué lín néng bāng zhù kāi huāng yuánqián wǎng fán huá fēn nào de mèng xiǎng yòu tiānnéng gòu chéng wéi kào jìn lín yìn dào yīzhuàng piào liàng xiǎo de zhù ”。 dàn shìzhèng diǎn xíng de bēi dài hòu xiǎo shuō zhōng suǒ jiē shì de yàng rén yuè shì fǎn kàng mìng yùnzài mìng yùn shè zhì de luó wǎng zhōng jiù xiàn yuè shēn de huǐ miè jiù yuè jìnyóu tái suōjìn guǎn xīn shēn chù yǒng yuǎn huāng yuán hēi 'àn de qíng diāo shōu shǎo。” yóu tái suō chū chǎng shízài měi xué shàng jīng huāng yuán lián chéng de qiàn yǐng chéng wéi huāng yuán yòu chéng fēn”。 huāng yuán yīn wéi de cún zài cái wán zhěng:“ gāo zhǒng shàng miàn de rén yǐnggòu chéng zhěng 。” yóu tái suō zuò wéihēi 'àn wáng”, huān zài de míng guómàn yóuhuāng yuán jīng jìn de xuè zhī zhōngnán zhèng tuō 'āi tàn:“ huāng yuán shì de shí jiàshì de nán。” huāng yuán de chōng shì rén huán jìng zhī jiān de chōng tóng shí shì shí shí zhī jiān de chōng yóu tái suō guǒ huí dào máo guò shì qīng ér huāng yuán shǐ nèi xiàng zhǒng zhuāng yán shén xìngcóng 'ér chéng wéi qián zài de bēi rén zài huāng yuán zhè zuòjiān gǎn dào jué wàngdàn shì jué yòu shǐ yòu zhǒng yōu yuè gǎnzài jué dìng chū zǒu de bào fēng wǎnyóu tái suō zhàn zài hēi zhǒng shànggǎn jué dàohǎo xiàng shì cóng xià shēn chū zhǐ shǒuyào dào zhǒng 。” yóu tái suō zuì hòu yān zài shā zhōng dài méi yòu míng bái jiāo dài shì zhōng diē shuǐ zhōnghái shì tóu jìn lín wéi dāng shí zhǐ shì tīng dào rén de shēn luò dào liǎo jìn de tiáo 。” yóu tái suō dāng shí shén huǎng zhì huāng yuán rán liàng de kòng zhì zhī xiàdàn háo wènshì yóu shèn suō de xìng shǐ huāng yuán chéng wéi de rén tuī dào liǎo zhè tiáo jué shàng yóu tái suō zhēngzháfǎn kàngjué wàngzuì hòu huǐ miè
   yóu tái suō shòu rén wéi zhōng xīn de xiǎng zhù zhī pèi xīn yào táo huāng yuánér lín zài xiǎng zhù shǐ xià yuàn fàng de fán huá xuān nàoyōng bào 'āi dūn de huāng liáng piān zuò wéi bēi rén lín kàn dào shì shízhè xìng quē xiàn zài yǎn jīng jīhū xiā diào zhè xiàng zhēng xìng jié zhōng jiē shì chū lái lín huí dào huāng yuánjìhuà kāi bàn xué xiàogěi qióng rén dāng míng jiào shīchuán shòugěi rén dài lái zhì huì 'ér shì cái de zhī shí”。 lín fèng xíng zhù zhuī qiú chóng gāo xiǎngchū diǎn shì hǎo de:“ wàng shēng rén wéi dài jià lái gāo zhěng jiē céng。” lín de zhì mìng shāng shì máng kàn dào de xiǎng chāo qiántuō shí :“ xiāng cūn shì jiè duì bìng méi yòu chéng shú。” yuē lài tài tài zhēn jiàn xuè zhǐ chū de jiāoshū jìhuà shìkōng zhōng lóu ”。 dàn shì lín bào dìng zhù qiēyào jìhuà zhū shí shīhòu lái wèile zhǔn bèi kǎo shì jiào shī tiǎo dēng shì sǔn hài liǎo zhí dào xiǎo shuō jié shù méi yòu huī jiēguǒ guǎng fàn jiào jìhuàzhǐ néng chéng zhī gāo
   lín duì yóu tái suō de rèn shí shì máng mùdì lín yóu tái suō xìng jiǒng zhè zài men huāng yuán de guān zhōng zhōng biǎo xiàn chū láixiǎo shuō deyǐn shēn shù zhěgào zhě:“ guǒ yóu shèn suō duì huāng yuán de suǒ yòu zhǒng hèn huà chéng zhǒng 'ài jiù yòu liǎo lín de xīn。” lín xiǎo zài huāng yuán zhǎngdà,“ guǒ shuō yòu shuí zhēn zhèng shú huāng yuán jiù yào tuī lín liǎo shēn shàng jìn rùn zhe huāng yuán de jǐng xiànghuāng yuán de zhìhuāng yuán de wèi lín shuō shì huāng yuán de chǎn 。” lín yóu tái suō shì xiàng wǎng huá róngde chéng shì niàn,“ rěn shòu huāng yuán”; shì yuàn xuǎn huí dào xiāng xiàjué huāng yuánzuì néng dòng rén xīnzuì néng shǐ rén biàn jiān qiángzuì néng gěi rén 'ān wèi”。 lín de xiǎng wài tóu dào yóu tái suō shēn shàng wéi shòu guò liáng hǎo jiào bāng zhù lái shí shī de jiào jìhuà shèn zhì xiāng qíng yuàn shè xiǎng liǎo gōng zuò --“ zài xué xiào dāng hěn hǎo de shè jiān”。 shí shàngyóu tái suō méi yòu rèn xīn hěn zǎo jiù gào lín:“ duì de tóng bāo méi yòu duō shǎo 'ài xīnyòu shí hòu zhēn hèn men。“ dàn shì lín duì zhì ruò wǎng wén yóu tái suō jié hūnshì liàn qíng jiā cuò jué de jiēguǒ fāng miàn shì kòng zhì de nèi xīn chōng dòng liǎng xìng jiān de xiāng yǐntóng shíshì duì yóu shèn suō de zhǒng cuò jué xiǎng xiàng wéi yòu shēngjīng shén de xìng yuē lài lín hòu lái cóng yuē hàn 'ér liǎo jiě dào yóu tái suō qīn zhī mén wàibiàn léi tíngyòu è ”、“ sàng jìn tiān liáng”, kàn chéng shì hài yuē lài tài tài de xiōng shǒu”。 yóu shèn suō kān rěn shòu jiā chū zǒubìng chǎn shēng qīng shēng de niàn tóupíng xīn 'ér lùn lín shì yuān wǎng liǎo yóu shèn suōdāng shí tīng jiàn lín zài mèng zhōng huàn qīn”, wéi shì lín kāi liǎo ményóu tái suō wéi de guān bìng yuè guǐ zhī chù shǐ chū zǒu shí qiú zhù wéi shì chū nàibìng qiě jué zhèyīháng dònglìng rén fǎn gǎn”,“ yòu xiū xìng zhì”。 lín quē duì de zhēn zhèng liǎo jiě de huàn xiǎngcuò jué jiě zào chéng liǎo yóu tái suō hūn yīn de xìng
   dài zài xiǎo shuō jiè shào lín shírèn wéi lín de xīn líng quē jūn héng xié diào,“ jūn héng xié diào de xīn líng shì jué huì yǔn yuē lài gān zhè zhǒng wèile tóng bāo de 'ér fàng shēng de huāng táng shì。” lín de shí jiàn néng gāo shàng niàn xiāngchènzài shēn shàng men kàn dào dài zuì hòu xiǎo shuō zhù rén gōng qiú de yǐng liǎng réndōu shì yuē shì rén shēng huó chōng mǎn nánzài dìng chéng shàng lín yòu zhǎo chī de qīng xiàngbìng qiě biǎo xiàn chū piān zhí wéi fǎn cháng yuàn huí dào shì jué de 'āi dūn huāng yuán rèn dìng xuǎn dāng jiào shī yóu tái suō xíngdài lái zāinàn xìng hòu guǒdāng yǎn jīng bàn xiā zhī hòu shì zài jiā xiū ér shì gēn zhe hàn lāi jīng cóng shì jiān de láo dònghūn hòu yóu tái suō céng chū huí dào duàn rán juéshuō zhè jiàn shì róng tǎo lùn”。 qīn hòu jīng shén shàng shòu dào zhǒng de xīn cóng zhé zhōng huò duì tuō qìn shuō:“ shàng ràng de shuāng yǎn chàbù duō xiā liǎodàn zhè hái gòu guǒ néng gèng de tòng lái jiù yǒng yuǎn xìn !” yóu tái suō luò shuǐ yān hòu wàng 。“ yào shì shàng yuàn jiào zhè duì suǒ yòu réndōu shì zhuāng hǎo shì。” lín de jié shì bēi cǎn de sàng shī zuì hòu zhōng shēn shēng cún duì lái shuō shì chōng mǎnkǒng ”, méi yòu diǎn dezài dài xià lín quē zhēn zhèng bēi shàng de zhuāng yángèng duō de shì nán tóng qiú yàngshì lián de xiǎo rén
   jìn guǎn yuē lài tài tài duì yóu shèn suō cún yòu piān jiàn liǎng rén de mìng yùn què yòu xiāng zhī chùyóu tái suō shì huāng yuán wéijiān ”, yòu zhǒng suì yuè cuō tuó shí yòng shā lòu shíshì zài cèliáng qīng chūn nián huá de liú shīlín zhī qián zài zhǒng bēi tòng fǎn kàng de fēng kuáng zhōng hǎn dào:“ shì zěn yàng zhe yào chéng wéi liǎo de rén shì mìng yùn zhí gēn zuò duì yòu néng zuò hěn duō shì qíngdàn shì bèi néng jià de shì qíng shāng hàicuī huǐ kuǎ!” yuē lài tài tài shēng zhìzhè pín ruǎn ruò xīn yǎnde rén shì zhù shī de 'ér,“ céng mèng xiǎng guò xiàn zài hǎo de shēng huó。” dàn nián qīng qīng jiù shǒu liǎo guǎzài huāng yuán shàng qún suǒ bà'ér sòng dào zhǐ wàng néng zài wài miàn bēn shàng jǐn xiù qián chéngnéng yòu chū rán 'ér lín tīng de quàn gàopiān piān yào huí lái guǒ lín shì bàn xiā kàn dào shēng huóyuē lài tài tài duì rén shēng zhǒng de dòng chá què shì kàn qīng 'èr chǔdàn shì de bēi zài gǎi biàn shì jiàn de jìn chéngzuì hòu zhǐ wéi bèi xīn yuàn cóng xiàn shí fǎn duì zhí 'ér tuō qìn jià gěi wéi dào zuì hòu què shì shǐ yòng shǒu duàn shǐ wéi bàn hūn shì kàn chū lín shēng de huāng táng”, rèn wéi de jiāoshū jìhuà bùqiè shí dào zuì hòu yòu zuò ràng gào 'ér ,“ dǎo shì dāng hǎo jiào shīzǒu zhè tiáo lái chū rén tóu 。” lín xuǎn yóu tái suō zuò shìxiā liǎo yǎn”, jué cān jiā men de hūn dào zuì hòu shí dàohūn shì gēnggǎi”, yòu cǎi zhù dòngmào zhe yán yán liè shàng lín zhù chù tóng jiěyuē lài tài tài de shēng huó chōng mǎn cuò zhé de fǎn duì shì xiào de de shì bái fèi dexiǎo shuō jié wěi shí lín tòng dìng tònghòu huǐ méi yòu tīng de huàyīn wéishì shí zuì hòu zhèng shí de pàn duàn zhǔn quèzhèng míng de guān huái qián chéng。” dàn shì yuē lài tài tài róng shì tóng shén huà zhōng jǐng gào luò rén yào zhōng de xiān zhī 'ào kǒng bèi mǎng shé chán yuē lài tài tài zuì hòu bèi shé yǎo niǔ zhuǎn xíng shìdāng zāinàn lái lín shí néng xìng miǎn
   zuò wéi bēi xiǎo shuō,《 hái xiāngzǒng diào huī 'ànzhù yào shì jiàn shēng zài zài yīn yún de tiān kōng shè chū xiàn yáng guāng de shì hóng fàn tuō qìn de xìng jié men liǎng réndōu néng shì yìng huāng yuánhóng fàn suī rán shì huāng yuán réndàn jīng cháng chū méi zhè piàn jiù zài huāng shān yòu tiān wǎn shànghóng fàn hēi zhǒng tōu tīng yóu tái suō wéi de tán huàtǎng zài shàng liǎo liǎng kuài cǎo kuài zài shēn shàng kuài wǎng shàng gài zhù liǎo de tóu shuāng jiānlìng kuài gài zhù liǎo bèi shuāng tuǐzhè yàng shǐ zài bái tiānhóng fàn róng ràng rén kàn jiàncǎo kuài gài zài shēn shàngyòu shí nán de miàn zhāoshàngkàn shàng gēn cháng zài 'ér yàng。” zhè jié jiē shì chū hóng fàn de běn zhì xìng zhēng shì huāng yuán de fēn huāng yuán lián chéng tuō qìn shì shēng cháng de huāng yuán rénduì shuō láihuāng yuán dekōng zhōng méi yòu 'è měi cóng guàn měi gēn shù zhī cún zài 'è zhè diǎn yóu tái suō yàng zài liǎn shàng de zhū shì xiē zhǐ shì tōng de shuǐ 'ér āi dūn zuò wéi zhěng shì shénme guài zhǐ shì piàn rán de kōng 'ér 。” lín céng bān dào chéng zhùzāo dào liè fǎn duì shuōchú liǎo huāng yuán wài,“ ràng zhù dào bié de rèn fāngwǒdōu huì kuài de。” guǒ huāng yuán de céng shì zhǐ yán jùn de shēng huó běn shēnyóu tái suō quē rěn shòu néng yào kāi huāng yuánshì yīn wéi zài rěn shòu liǎo liǎo。” ér zài tuō qìn shēn shàng de chū pǐn zhì jiù shì néng gòu rěn shòunéng gòu lái shùn shòuhóng fàn de pǐn zhì shì néng rěn shòu shēn shēn 'ài zhe tuō qìndàn wèile tuō qìn de xìng chéng wéi de qīn shì píng zhe jiān rèn de zhìrěn zhòngzhōng yuàn cháng xīn shàng rén jié liáng yuán
   dài zàihái xiāng jiǔ 'èr nián xiū dìng bǎn zhōng duì tuō qìn wéi 'ēn de jié jiā liǎo zhù
   zuò zhě zài shēng míng shì zuì chū de gòu xiǎng bìng wèi 'ān pái tuō qìn wéi 'ēn jié hūnwéi 'ēn zhí dào zuì hòu hái shì bǎo chí jué guài de xìng hòu lái shén cóng huāng yuán xiāo shī liǎoméi yòu rén zhī dào de xiàng -- tuō qìn zhōng shēn shǒu guǎ jiàdàn shì liánzǎi biǎo shí de mǒu xiē qíng kuàng dǎo zhì liǎo chuàng zuò de gǎi biàn
   zhě yīn zài liǎng zhǒng jié wěi zhōng zuò xuǎn ér zūn xún yán shù zhǔn de rén men jiǎ shè qián hòu gèng wéi zhì de jié shì zhēn zhèng de jié
   dāng wán quán shūyǎn juàn fǎn jué tuō qìn wéi 'ēn yòu qíng rén zhōng chéng juàn shǔ rán jiē huān shì shàn liáng de rén men suǒ wàng kàn dào de chǎng miàndàn zhè xìng jié wěi jìn rùnhái xiāngquán shū de zhǒng qiáng liè de bēi fēn xié diào dài de zuì chū běn lái shì yòu zhěng bēi xiǎo shuō bēi xìng jié gèng wéi zhì”。
   dài zàihái xiāngzhōng duì 'āi dūn huāng yuán jǐng miáo xiě chū rén xīn huà shàn hōng tuō fēnzuò dào qíng jǐng jiāo róngzài yuè yīng yuán zhù shí duì dài zhè wèi yán shī de qīn pèi zhī qíng yóu rán 'ér shēng guòmǎn shēng huī de wén zhānggěi fān dài lái nán fān dài de zuò pǐnshì jiān de guò chéngchōng mǎn liǎo tiǎo zhàn zài gōng zuò zhī jīng guò nián duō shí jiān de zhōng shū wán liǎoxiàn zài yòu zhǒng jìn gān lái de gǎn jué dài de yán jīng tuī qiāozhuó pǐn wèihěn guò yǐn jué de shì zhí deyīn wéi cóng zhōng dào zhǒng yuè
   niú jīn xué chū bǎn shè chū bǎn dehái xiāngyuán zhù yòu jiào wéi xiáng de zhù shì zài fān guò chéng zhōngcān zhào gāi shūduì xiǎo shuō zhōng yòu guān shǐwén huàfēng děng fāng miàn de bèi jǐng zhī shí jiā liǎo zhù shì bāng zhù zhě jiěfánshèng jīngyǐn wéndōushì gēn zhōng guó jiào xié huì jiǔ jiǔ nián yìn dexīn jiù yuē quán shū wénwáng shǒu rén
   jiǔ jiǔ nián 'èr yuè
shǒuyè>> wénxué>> 现实百态>> tuō · dài Thomas Hardy   yīng guó United Kingdom   wēn suō wáng cháo   (1840niánliùyuè2rì1928niányuányuè11rì)