首頁>> 文學>> 现实百态>> 史蒂芬·金 Stephen King   美國 United States   現代美國   (1947年九月21日)
肖申剋的救贖 The Shawshank Redemption
  故事發生在1947年,銀行傢安迪因為妻子有婚外情,酒醉後誤被指控用槍殺死了她和她的情人,安迪被判無期徙刑,這意味着他將在肖申剋監獄中渡過餘生。
  瑞德 1927年因謀殺罪被判無期徙刑,數次假釋都未獲成功。他現在已經成為肖申剋監獄中的“權威人物”,衹要你付得起錢,他幾乎有辦法搞到任何你想要的東西:香煙,糖果,酒,甚至是大麻。每當有新囚犯來的時候,大傢就賭誰會在第一個夜晚哭泣。瑞德認為弱不禁風、書生氣十足的安迪一定會哭,結果安迪的沉默使他輸掉了兩包煙。但同時也使瑞德對他另眼相看。
  好長時間以來,安迪不和任何人接觸,在大傢報怨的同時,他在院子裏很悠閑地散步,就象在公園裏一樣。一個月後,安迪請瑞德幫他搞的第一件東西是一把石錘,他的解釋是他想雕刻一些小東西以消磨時光,並說他自己想辦法逃過獄方的例行檢查。不久,瑞德就玩上了安迪刻的國際象棋。之後,安迪又搞了一幅麗塔.海華絲的巨幅海報貼在了牢房的墻上。
  一次,安迪和另幾個犯人外出勞動,他無意間聽到監獄官在講有關上稅的事。安迪說他有辦法可以使監獄官合法地免去這一大筆稅金,做為交換,他為十幾個犯人朋友每人爭得了3瓶啤酒。喝着啤酒,瑞德說多年來,他又第一次感受到了自由的感覺。
  由於安迪精通財務制度方面的的知識,很快使他擺脫了獄中繁重的體力勞動和其它變態囚犯的騷擾。不久,聲名遠揚的安迪開始為越來越多的獄警處理稅務問題,甚至孩子的升學問題也來嚮他請教。同時安迪也逐步成為肖申剋監獄長諾頓洗黑錢的重要工具。監獄生活非常平淡,總要自己找一些事情來做。由於安迪不停地寫信給州議會,終於為監獄申請到了一小筆錢用於監獄圖書館的建設。同時,安迪為了展現音樂的魅力,讓更多人瞭解,冒着被處罰播放了一段音樂,並送給瑞德一個口琴。
  一個年輕犯人的到來打破了安迪平靜的獄中生活:這個犯人以前在另一所監獄服刑時聽到過安迪的案子,他知道誰是真兇!但當安迪嚮監獄長提出要求上報這一情況以爭取重新審理此案時,卻遭到了斷然拒絶,並受到了單獨禁閉一個月的嚴重懲罰。為了防止安迪獲釋,監獄不惜設計害死了知情人!
  面對殘酷的現實,安迪變得很消沉……有一天,他對瑞德說:“如果有一天,你可以獲得假釋,一定要到某個地方替我完成一個心願。那是我嚮我妻子求婚的地方,把那裏一棵大橡樹下的一個盒子挖出來。那裏有我給你的東西。”當天夜裏,風雨交加,雷聲大作,已得到靈魂救贖的安迪越獄成功。
  《肖申剋的救贖》劇照《肖申剋的救贖》劇照
  
  原來二十年來,安迪每天都在用那把小石錘挖洞,然後用海報將洞口遮住。同時,因為他對經濟聰明的頭腦,典獄長一直讓安迪為他做黑賬,洗錢,將他用監獄的廉價勞動力賺來的黑錢一筆筆轉出去。而安迪將這些黑錢全部寄放在一個叫斯蒂文的人名下,其實這個斯蒂文是安迪虛構出來的人物,安迪為斯蒂文做了駕駛證,身份證等各種證明,可謂天衣無縫。
  安迪越獄後,用斯蒂文這個化名,以斯蒂文的身份領走了部分監獄長存的黑錢,用這筆不小的數目過上了不錯的生活。並告發了監獄長貪污受賄的真相。監獄長在自己存小賬本的保險櫃裏見到的是安迪留下的一本聖經,扉頁上寫着:“監獄長,您說得對,救贖就在裏面。”當看到裏邊挖空的部分正好可以放下小石錘時。監獄長領悟到其實安迪一直都沒有屈服過。而這時,警方正嚮監獄趕來逮捕監獄長,最後監獄長飲彈自盡。
  瑞德獲釋了,他在橡樹下找到了一盒現金和安迪留給他的一封信,最後兩個老朋友終於在墨西哥陽光明媚的海濱(芝華塔內歐)重逢了。
  《肖申剋的救贖》-演職員表
  
  導演 Director
  
  弗蘭剋·德拉邦特 Frank Darabont
  
  編劇 Writer
  
  斯蒂芬·金 Stephen King ....(short story Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption)
  弗蘭剋·德拉邦特 Frank Darabont ....(screenplay)
  
  演員 Actor
  《肖申剋的救贖》海報《肖申剋的救贖》海報
  
  蒂姆·羅賓斯 Tim Robbins ....Andy Dufresne
  摩根·弗裏曼 Morgan Freeman ....Ellis Boyd 'Red' Redding
  鮑勃·岡頓 Bob Gunton ....Warden Samuel Norton
  威廉姆·賽德勒 William Sadler ....Heywood
  剋蘭西·布朗 Clancy Brown ....Captain Byron T. Hadley
  祖德·塞剋利拉 Jude Ciccolella ....Guard Mert
  耐德·巴拉米 Ned Bellamy ....Guard Youngblood
  吉爾·貝羅斯 Gil Bellows ....Tommy
  Mark Rolston ....Bogs Diamond
  詹姆斯·惠特摩 James Whitmore ....Brooks Hatlen
  Jeffrey DeMunn ....1946 D.A.Larry Brandenburg ....Skeet
  Neil Giuntoli ....Jigger
  Brian Libby ....Floyd
  大衛·普羅瓦爾 David Proval ....Snooze
  Joseph Ragno ....Ernie
  Paul McCrane ....Guard Trout
  Renee Blaine ....Andy Dufresne's Wife
  Scott Mann ....Glenn Quentin
  John Horton ....1946 Judge
  Alfonso Freeman ....Fresh Fish Con
  V.J. Foster ....Hungry Fish Con
  John E. Summers ....New Fish Guard
  Frank Medrano ....Fat Ass
  Mack Miles ....Tyrell
  Alan R. Kessler ....Laundry Bob
  Morgan Lund ....Laundry Truck Driver
  Cornell Wallace ....Laundry Leonard
  Gary Lee Davis ....Rooster
  Joe Pecoraro ....Projectionist (as Joseph Pecoraro)
  Harold E. Cope Jr. ....Hole Guard
  Brian Delate ....Guard Dekins
  Don McManus ....Guard Wiley (as Don R. McManus)
  Donald Zinn ....Moresby Batter (as Donald E. Zinn)
  Dorothy Silver ....1954 Landlady
  Robert Haley ....1954 Food-Way Manager
  Dana Snyder ....1954 Food-Way Woman
  John D. Craig ....1957 Parole Hearings ManKen Magee ....Ned GrimesEugene C. De
  Pasquale ....Mail Caller (as Eugene C. De Pasquale)
  Bill Bolender ....Elmo Blatch
  Ron Newell ....Elderly Hole Guard
  John R. Woodward ....Bullhorn Tower Guard
  Chuck Brauchler ....Man Missing Guard
  Dion Anderson ....Head Bull Haig
  Claire Slemmer ....Bank Teller
  James Kisicki ....Bank Manager
  Rohn Thomas ....Bugle Editor
  Charlie Kearns ....1966 D.A.Rob Reider ....Duty Guard
  Brian Brophy ....1967 Parole Hearings Man
  Paul Kennedy ....1967 Food-Way Manager
  James Babson ....Con (uncredited)
  Richard Doone ....Con (uncredited)
  Alonzo F. Jones ....Inmate (uncredited)
  Michael Lightsey ....Con (uncredited)
  Brad Spencer ....1957 Parole Hearings Guard (uncredited)
  Neil Summer ....Pete
  Dennis Baker ....Old Man on Bus
  Gordon Greene ....1947 Parole Hearings Man (as Gordon C. Greene)
  Fred Culbertson ....Police Officer (uncredited)
  麗塔·海華斯 Rita Hayworth ....Gilda Mundson Farrell (archive footage) (uncredited)
  
  製作人 Produced by
  
  Liz Glotzer ....executive producer
  David V. Lester ....executive producer (as David Lester)
  Niki Marvin ....producer
  
  原創音樂 Original Music
  
  托馬斯·紐曼 Thomas Newman
  
  攝影 Cinematography
  
  羅傑·狄金斯 Roger Deakins ....(director of photography)
  
  剪輯 Film Editing
  
  Richard Francis-Bruce
  
  選角導演 Casting
  
  Deborah Aquila
  
  藝術指導 Production Designer
  
  泰倫斯·馬什 Terence Marsh
  
  美術設計 Art Direction by
  
  Peter Landsdown Smith ....(as Peter Smith)
  
  布景師 Set Decoration by
  
  Michael Seirton ....(as Michael Sierton)
  
  服裝設計 Costume Design by
  
  Elizabeth McBride
  
  助理導演 Assistant Director
  
  Michael Greenwood ....second second assistant director
  Thomas Schellenberg ....key second assistant director
  John R. Woodward ....Bullhorn Tower Guard
  傑西·約翰遜 Jesse Johnson ....third assistant director (uncredited)
  
  部分演職人員簡介
  
  蒂姆·羅賓斯
  蒂姆·羅賓斯蒂姆·羅賓斯
  
  蒂姆·羅賓斯1958年生於加州西科維市,1980年畢業及取得戲劇學位。曾是專業棒球運動員,但對演戲情有獨鐘。1984年的《玩具兵》為其銀幕處女作;1986年在影片《壯志凌雲》中飾演一個配角;他的成名作是1988年的棒球片《百萬金臂》,羅賓斯在影片中扮演一個傻裏傻氣的投手;他的代表作有表現越戰後遺癥的《異世浮生》、暴露好萊塢黑暗的《大玩傢》、喜劇片《智商》、黑色喜劇片《金錢帝國》、頌揚獄友情誼的《肖申剋的救贖》、展示時裝業的《雲裳風暴》以及《王牌任務》等等。其中最被人稱道的就是95年的作品《肖申剋的救贖》,這是一部當年與《阿甘正傳》齊名的影片,可惜在當年的奧斯卡上惜敗於《阿甘正傳》。羅賓斯並不僅僅是位出色的演員,他還是位出色的導演。
  1992年,羅賓斯自編自導自演了描寫競選參議員內幕的《天生贏傢》,片中他自唱的歌麯表現了他多方面的才能。 1994年,他執導的第二部影片《死囚漫步》,為他獲取了當年奧斯卡最佳導演提名,本片在柏林影展中大放異彩拿下四項大奬,主演的西恩?潘和蘇珊?莎蘭登分別獲當年奧斯卡最佳男主角提名和影後桂冠。在2004年他自己又憑藉影片《神秘河》中的出色表演贏得了奧斯卡最佳男配角。
  摩根·弗裏曼
  摩根·弗裏曼摩根·弗裏曼
  
  英文名字:Morgan Freeman
  出生日期:1937-06-01
  出生地:美國田納西州的孟菲斯
  身高:1.89米
  教育狀況:洛杉磯社區大學(Los Angeles City College)
  職業:演員、電影製片人、導演
  美國演員,在校時曾參加戲劇演出,18歲加入空軍。1959年退伍後,赴洛杉磯市立學院念戲劇。1967年首次在百老匯演出黑人版的歌舞劇《我愛紅娘》,其後在公共電視臺兒童節目中固定演出6年之久。70年代初期跨足影壇,直至1987年以《惡街實況》皮條客一角獲紐約、洛杉磯及全美三大影評人協會最佳男配角與金球、奧斯卡提名,獲得好萊塢重視。1989年以《為戴茜小姐開車》聲名大噪。如今是少數具有演技實力的黑人明星。
  
  《肖申剋的救贖》-相關評論
  
  
  十年·肖申剋的救贖
  這些天按時上下班,衣冠楚楚,與時俱進,過得頗麻木。於是夜裏心情便有些低落,尋了肖申剋的救贖來看。
  距離 Frank Darabont 們締造這部偉大的作品已經有十年了。我知道美好的東西想必大傢都能感同身受,但是很抱歉,我的聒噪仍將一如既往。
  今夜在我眼裏,The Shawshank Redemption 與信念、自由和友誼有關。
  、信念
  Red 說,希望是危險的東西,是精神苦悶的根源。重重擠壓之下的牢獄裏呆了三十年的他的確有資格這麽說。因為從進來的那一天起,獄長就說過,“把靈魂交給上帝,把身體交給我。”除了他能弄來的香煙和印着裸女的撲剋牌,任何其他異動在這個黑暗的高墻之內似乎都無法生長。
  然而 Andy 告訴他,“記住,希望是好事——甚至也許是人間至善。而美好的事永不消失。”
  於是 Andy 能夠用二十年挖開 Red 認為六百年都無法鑿穿的隧洞。當他終於爬出五百碼惡臭的污水管道,站在瓢潑大雨中情不自禁的時候,我們仿佛看到信念刺穿重重黑幕,在暗夜中打了一道奪目霹靂。亮光之下,我們懦弱的靈魂紛紛在 Andy 張開的雙臂下現形,並且顫抖。
  庸常生活裏的我們,似乎已經習慣了按部就班,習慣了先說“那不可能”,習慣了沒有奇跡,習慣了,習慣了。可是正如《飛越瘋人院》(One Flew over the Cuckcoo’s Nest)中說的那樣,“不試試,怎麽知道呢?”
  試着留住一些信念,在它們喪失殆盡之前。它們也許無法最終實現,也許無法讓我們更有意義的活着 ——甚至對於我自己而言,它們衹會愈加帶給我來更多的虛無感。然而我知道我有多需要這樣的虛偽與自欺,因為你可以說我在做夢,但我不會是僅有的一個。
  —— 我們已經看到監獄長打開藏有 Andy 鑿石錘的《聖經》時,翻至那頁正是《出埃及記》。這個章節詳細描述了猶太教徒逃離埃及的過程。
  、自由
  我到今天也始終不明白,這兩個意大利女人在唱什麽。事實上,我也不想去明白。有些東西不說更好。我想,那是非筆墨可形容的美境。然而卻令你如此心傷。
    那聲音飛揚,高遠入雲,超過任何在禁錮中的囚犯們所夢,仿佛一隻美麗的小鳥,飛入這灰色的鳥籠,讓那些圍墻消失,令鐵窗中的所有犯人,感到一刻的自由。
  當 Andy 不顧一切在監獄的喇叭裏放《Le Nozze di Figaro》時,鏡頭緩緩劃過正在廣場上放風的犯人們和獄警們。他們叫人感動地靜立當地,拋卻所有憤懣,狠毒和怨怒,沐浴着我從未覺得如此自由的陽光。莫紮特的樂聲鋪灑在這些人們身上,來自俗世的美妙音符似乎將他們都濯洗得純淨無比。
  強者自救,聖者渡人。我這纔明白 Andy 的用意。修屋頂的時候,他為大傢爭取來啤酒,事實上是為大傢爭取到那種像在修繕自傢的屋頂一般自在的感覺,所以他不喝酒,微笑卻帶着巨大的幸福;放費加羅的婚禮,也是要喚醒他們已快喪失的自由感。
  然而強者終究是少數。自由面前,更多的人們紛紛選擇禁錮。在監獄圖書館呆了五十年的 Brooks,為了不被假釋,竟然想通過傷害獄友來達到留在監獄的目的。很奇怪嗎?自由、平等、博愛,本來應該是人們嚮往和追求的理想。可是 Brooks 們卻早已經被監獄的規則之下規則了自己,他們需要規則,需要秩序,如果沒有它們,甚至無法生存。
  These walls are kind of funny like that. First you hate them, then you get used to them. Enough time passed, get so you depend on them. That’s institutionalizing.假 Red 之口,Darabont 直指卑微。
  Brooks 得到了身體的自由,靈魂卻已經被無可輓回地體製化。他終於沒有能夠擺脫對自由無法適應的睏境,懸梁自盡。而睿智如 Red,在出獄之後也悲哀地發現,自己竟然連撒尿都要嚮經理報告,否則一滴尿都擠不出來。他也考慮如何違規以便回到監獄,甚至考慮與 Brooks 一樣離開。
  Busy for living, or busy for death。步履匆匆的人們也許應該偶爾駐足,跳出來看看自己的模樣。我們終會知道,習慣於服從規則的人們將付出巨大代價來習慣本來屬於每一個個體的自由。
  、友誼
  此片無關愛情,除了背叛。有的衹是監獄中的男人間的友誼。Red 和 Andy 的那種友誼置放在高墻之下,似乎比我們紛繁俗世中的友情來得更加純粹和幹淨。他們都是內斂的人,然而洞悉一切,心意契合。我喜歡這種感情。所以在他們終於相會在太平洋小島的陽光沙灘之上的時候,忍不住一人笑了。
  人生的過程就是一個擺脫institutionalization(體製化)的過程
  現在好象比較時興將人分為體製內和體製外的人,體製外的人通常有某種優越感,似乎自己的人格纔是獨立的.可實際上,真正願意做體製外的人還是很少的,而且是很痛苦的.餘傑北大碩士畢業後差一點進了他想進的國傢圖書館作一個體製內的人,可由於他寫了一些比較反體製的文章,最後還是被迫做了一個體製外的人,一個自由作傢,所以他牢騷不斷.
  裏面,那個圖書管理員老布在被囚禁了大半生以後終於獲得了自由,然而他在自由的世界中卻不知所措,無時無刻不想回到那個剝奪他自由卻讓他習慣了的肖申剋監獄,最後他終於上吊自殺了.於是,摩根?弗裏曼演的阿瑞就發表了他對institutionalization(體製化)這個詞的見解,他將監獄說成一個institutionalization的場所,他說:
  一開始你恨(hate)它,它剝奪了你的自由; 接着你會慢慢的習慣( get used to)它,熟悉它;最後你會離不開它,離開它你將象老布一樣不知所措.
  相信我們中間的許多人,尤其是體製內的已經工作過許多年的人都很有感觸.我們所在的那個叫做"單位"的地方又何嘗不是一個institutionalization的地方?何嘗不是一個監獄?
  大部分的人就象老布,最終在這個institutionalization中沉淪了下去;
  有些人就象阿瑞,差一點沉淪了下去,可是命運對他不薄,他結識了安迪這樣的朋友,最後終於獲得了自由,肉體的以及內心的自由;
  衹有極少數的人才象安迪那樣,他有着堅強的意志和對自由的不死的嚮往,憑着自己的毅力和智慧,不僅在監獄中做了許多別人不可能做成的事情,為獄友們掙啤酒,為獄吏們們報稅,建設監獄圖書館;最終他逃出了監獄,並將那個窮兇極惡的典獄長告翻,過上了自由的生活…….
  其實,人生的過程就是一個擺脫institutionalization(體製化)的過程,這個institutionalization不僅僅是我們身處的那個“單位”,更是我們內心裏面無數的“監獄”。


  The Shawshank Redemption is a 1994 drama film written and directed by Frank Darabont. It is an adaptation of the Stephen King novella Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption. The film stars Tim Robbins as Andrew "Andy" Dufresne and Morgan Freeman as Ellis Boyd "Red" Redding.
  
  The film portrays Andy, who spends nearly two decades in Shawshank State Prison, a fictional penitentiary in Maine, and his friendship with Red, a fellow inmate. Despite a lukewarm box office reception that was barely enough to cover its budget, the film received favorable reviews from critics, multiple award nominations, and has since enjoyed a remarkable life on cable television, VHS, DVD, and Blu-ray. This revival is reflected in its high placement on various lists of great movies.
  
  Plot
  
  In 1947, a banker named Andrew "Andy" Dufresne (Tim Robbins) is convicted of murdering his wife and her lover, based on strong circumstantial evidence. He is sentenced to two consecutive life sentences at Shawshank State Penitentiary in Maine, run by Warden Samuel Norton (Bob Gunton). Andy is quickly befriended by Ellis Boyd "Red" Redding (Morgan Freeman), a fellow inmate serving a life sentence who has recently failed to gain parole. Andy finds Red has connections on the outside who can acquire contraband for the inmates. He first asks Red for a rock hammer, explaining that he wants to use it to maintain his rock collection hobby, which he uses to fashion a home-made chess set. He later asks Red for a full-size poster of Rita Hayworth for his wall, replacing the poster over the years with ones of Marilyn Monroe and Raquel Welch.
  
  While doing manual labor, Andy overhears Captain of the Guards Byron Hadley (Clancy Brown) complain about having to pay taxes on a forthcoming inheritance. Andy risks punishment by explaining to Hadley how to circumvent the taxes legally; Hadley accepts Andy's advice and rewards his friends with a brief respite and beer. Andy's financial advice is soon sought by other guards at Shawshank and nearby prisons, and Andy is given a space to work on their financial matters under the pretense of maintaining the prison library alongside elderly inmate Brooks Hatlen (James Whitmore). Hadley delivers a brutal beating to inmate Bogs (Mark Rolston), leader of "The Sisters," after his gang's sexual assault puts Andy in the infirmary; Bogs is paralyzed, and the remaining Sisters leave Andy alone. Andy uses his goodwill with the guards to expand the library; when one donation to the library provides him with the opera The Marriage of Figaro, he plays it over the public address system for all the inmates to hear, well-aware of the punishment of solitary confinement he will receive for the brief moment of bliss.
  
  Warden Norton eventually creates a scheme to use prison labor for public works, undercutting the cost of skilled labor and receiving kickbacks for it. Norton has Andy launder the money under a false identity, in exchange for allowing Andy to keep his private cell and to continue maintaining the library. Brooks, freed on parole, is unable to adjust to the outside world, and hangs himself; Andy dedicates the expanded library to him. In 1965, Tommy Williams (Gil Bellows) is incarcerated on robbery charges. He is brought into Andy and Red's circle of friends, and Andy assists him in getting his GED. Upon learning of the crime of which Andy was convicted, Tommy reveals that one of his old prison-mates, Elmo Blatch (Bill Bolender) had claimed to have committed a nearly identical murder. Norton, fearing what Andy might do if released, puts him into solitary confinement and has Tommy killed by Hadley, claiming he was an escapee. When Andy is finally released from solitary, Norton threatens to destroy the library if Andy does not continue to launder the money for him.
  
  Shortly after, Andy tells Red of his dream of living in Zihuatanejo, a Mexican-Pacific coastal town, and instructs Red, should he ever be freed, to visit a specific hayfield near Buxton to find something Andy had left there. The next day at roll call, Andy's cell is found empty. Norton, in anger, throws one of Andy's rocks at the poster of Welch; the rock tears through the poster, revealing a tunnel that Andy had dug with the rock hammer over the last two decades. A flashback shows that Andy, the night before, had taken a set of civilian clothes, his chess set, and the ledger book he had kept for Norton, swapping it for his Bible, and made his escape through the tunnel and a narrow sewage drain during a thunderstorm. At the same time that Norton discovers Andy's escape, Andy uses his false identity to withdraw most of Norton's money from several banks, sending the evidence to a local newspaper. On the day the story runs, the police converge on the prison; Hadley is arrested while Norton commits suicide.
  
  When Red finally receives parole after serving 40 years, he finds himself living in the same apartment in which Brooks committed suicide, and working at the same grocery store. Red decides to follow Andy's advice and visits Buxton. In the hayfield specified by Andy, he finds a cache of money and a note left by Andy, reminding him of Zihuatanejo. Red violates his parole and travels to Mexico, where he happily reunites with Andy on the beach.
  Cast
   * Andy Dufresne (Tim Robbins), the main character of the film. Tom Hanks, Kevin Costner, Tom Cruise, Nicolas Cage, and Charlie Sheen were each considered for the role when the script was circulated in Hollywood. Hanks turned it down because he was committed to Forrest Gump, but he later worked with Darabont in The Green Mile.
   * Ellis Boyd "Red" Redding (Morgan Freeman), Andy's best friend and the film's narrator. Before Freeman was cast, Clint Eastwood, Harrison Ford, Paul Newman, and Robert Redford were each considered for the role. Although written as a middle-aged Irishman with greying red hair (as in the novella), Darabont cast Freeman for his authoritative presence and demeanor, because he could not see anyone else as Red.
   * Warden Samuel Norton (Bob Gunton), the warden of Shawshank and the primary antagonist. He has an obsession with the Bible and appears to be a devout Christian and reform-minded administrator.
   * Heywood (William Sadler) a member of Red's gang of long-sentence convicts.
   * Capt. Byron Hadley (Clancy Brown), chief of the guards and the other main antagonist. Hadley is an intemperate guard who thinks nothing of delivering beatings to the inmates to keep them in line. When cast for the role, Brown declined the offer to study real-life prison guards as preparation for his role, because he did not want to base it on any one person.
   * Tommy Williams (Gil Bellows), a young convict whose experiences in prison hold the truth about Andy's innocence.
   * Bogs Diamond (Mark Rolston), the head of "The Sisters" gang and a prison rapist. He assaults Andy a number of times, but Hadley puts a stop to it by beating Bogs seriously enough to permanently paralyze him.
   * Brooks Hatlen (James Whitmore), prison librarian/trustee and one of the oldest convicts at Shawshank. Upon his release, he finds himself unable to cope with life on the outside, and commits suicide. Darabont cast Whitmore because he was one of his favorite character actors.
  
  Themes
  
  Chicago Sun-Times film reviewer Roger Ebert suggests that the integrity of Andy Dufresne is an important theme in the story line, especially in prison, where integrity is lacking.
  
  The Shawshank Redemption is an allegory for maintaining one's feeling of self worth when placed in a hopeless position.
  
  Angus C. Larcombe suggests that the film provides a great illustration of how characters can be free, even in prison, or unfree, even in freedom, based on one's outlook in life.
  Production
  
  Darabont secured the film adaptation rights from author Stephen King after impressing the author with his short film adaptation of "The Woman in the Room" in 1983. Although the two had become friends and maintained a pen-pal relationship, Darabont did not work with him until four years later in 1987, when he optioned to adapt Shawshank. This is one of the more famous Dollar Deals made by King with aspiring filmmakers. Darabont later directed The Green Mile (1999), which was based on another work about a prison by Stephen King, and then followed that up with an adaptation of King's novella The Mist.
  
  Rob Reiner, who had previously adapted another King novella, The Body, into the movie Stand by Me (1986), offered $2.5 million in an attempt to write and direct Shawshank. He planned to cast Tom Cruise in the part of Andy and Harrison Ford as Red. Darabont seriously considered and liked Reiner's vision, but he ultimately decided it was his "chance to do something really great" by directing the film himself.
  
  Though the story is set in Maine, the Ohio State Reformatory in Mansfield, Ohio was used as a stand-in for the fictional Shawshank Prison.
  Reception
  
  Earning only $18 million on a $35 million budget, The Shawshank Redemption was a box office bomb.
  
  The movie was nominated for seven Academy Awards in 1994 (Best Picture, Best Actor – Morgan Freeman, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Cinematography, Best Editing, Best Original Score, and Best Sound Mixing) but, in the shadow of 1994's big winner Forrest Gump, did not win a single one. The film's Academy Award nominations enabled it to fare well in the video sales and cable TV viewings. In June 1997, TNT, an American cable network, showed the film for the first time. The film was the first feature in TNT's Saturday Night New Classics. Since 1997, TNT has shown the film about once every two months.
  
  Entertainment Weekly reviewer Owen Gleiberman praised the choice of scenery, writing that the "moss-dark, saturated images have a redolent sensuality" that makes the film very realistic. While praising Morgan Freeman's acting and oratory skills as making Red feel real, Gleiberman opined that with the "laconic-good-guy, neo-Gary Cooper role", Tim Robbins is unable to make Andy bond connect with the audience. Gleiberman gave the film a B minus.
  
  In 1998, Shawshank was not listed in AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies, but nine years later (2007), it was #72 on the revised list, outranking both Forrest Gump (#76) and Pulp Fiction (#94), the two most critically acclaimed movies from the year of Shawshank's release. In 1999, film critic Roger Ebert listed Shawshank on his "Great Movies" list, and in reader polls by the film magazine Empire, the film ranked fifth in 2004, first in 2006, and fourth in 2008 on the lists for greatest movie of all time.
  
  The film has a rating of 80 out of 100 on film-review collating website Metacritic, and an approval rating of 88% on Rotten Tomatoes by film critics.
  Music
  Main article: The Shawshank Redemption (soundtrack)
  
  The score was composed by Thomas Newman, and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Score in 1994, which was his first Oscar nomination. The majority of the score consists of dark piano music, which plays along the main character's role at Shawshank. The main theme ("End Titles" on the soundtrack album) is perhaps best known to modern audiences as the inspirational sounding music from many movie trailers dealing with inspirational, dramatic, or romantic films in much the same way that James Horner's driving music from the end of Aliens is used in many movie trailers for action films. A central scene in the film features the "Letter Duet" ("Canzonetta sull'aria") from Mozart's Le Nozze di Figaro.
  Popular culture
  
  The film was parodied in the Family Guy episode "Three Kings". Andy Dufresne is played by Peter Griffin, Red is played by Cleveland, the warden is played by Carter. In the spoof, Peter plays Hollaback Girl on the prison loudspeaker, and Cleveland does not remember the Mexican village where he is supposed to meet with Peter.
《肖申剋的救贖》第一章(1)
  《肖申剋的救贖》第一章(1)
   斯蒂芬·金著
   施寄青、趙永芬、齊若蘭譯
   春天的希望
   肖申剋的救贖
   獻給拉斯和弗洛倫斯·多爾
   我猜美國每個州立監獄和聯邦監獄裏,都有像我這樣的一號人物,不論什麽東西,我都能為你弄到手。無論是高級香煙或大麻(如果你偏好此道的話),或弄瓶白蘭地來慶祝兒子或女兒高中畢業,總之差不多任何東西……我的意思是說,衹要在合理範圍內,我是有求必應;可是很多情況不一定都合情合理的。
   我剛滿二十歲就來到肖申剋監獄。在這個快樂小家庭中,我是少數肯痛痛快快承認自己幹了什麽的人。我犯了謀殺罪。我為大我三歲的太太投保了一筆數目龐大的壽險,然後在她父親送我們的結婚禮物——一輛雪佛蘭轎車的剎車上動了手腳。一切都正如我的計劃,衹是沒料到她在半路上停下來載了鄰居太太和她的小兒子,他們正一起下城堡山進城去。結果剎車失靈,車速越來越快,衝過路邊樹叢,撞上了一座內戰紀念雕像的底座而轟然起火。旁觀者說,當時的車速一定超過每小時五十英裏。
   我也沒料到自己居然會被逮住,但我卻鋃鐺入獄,在這裏長期服刑。緬因州沒有死刑,但檢察官讓我因三樁謀殺罪而逐一受審,最後法官判了我三個無期徒刑,數罪並罰。這樣一來,我在很長、很長一段時間內,都不可能有機會假釋了。法官還在判决書上說我罪行重大,死有餘辜。的確如此,不過現在這些事都已成過去。你可以去查查城堡岩的舊報紙檔案,有關我的判决當時是地方報紙的頭條新聞,與希特勒、墨索裏尼以及羅斯福手下那些字母開頭的特工人員的新聞並列,如今看來,實在有點可笑,也早已成為老掉牙的舊聞了。
   你問我,我改過自新了嗎?我甚至不知道什麽叫改過自新,至少我不曉得那在監獄裏代表了什麽意思,我認為那衹是政客愛用的字眼,這個詞也許有一些其他的含意,也許有那麽一天,我會明白它的含意,但那是未來的事了……而監獄裏的囚犯早就學會不要去多想未來。
   當年的我出身貧窮,但年輕英俊。我讓一個富傢女珠胎暗結,她出身卡賓街的豪華宅邸,漂亮嬌縱、但老是悶悶不樂。她父親同意讓我們結婚,條件是我得在他的眼鏡公司工作,“靠自己的實力往上爬。”後來我發現,他真正的用意是要讓我隨時都在他的監控下,就像管着傢裏豢養的不太聽話、還會咬人的貓狗一樣。我的怨恨經年纍月,越積越深,終於出手造成了這種後果。如果再給我一次機會,我絶對不會重蹈覆轍,但我不確定這樣是否表示我已經痛改前非了。
   不過,我真正想說的不是我自己的事,而是安迪·杜佛尼的故事。但在我開始說安迪的故事之前,還得先說幾件關於我的事情,反正不會花太多工夫。
   正如我剛纔所說,差不多四十年來,在肖申剋監獄裏,我有辦法幫你弄到任何東西。除了永遠名列前茅的香煙和酒等違禁品之外,我還有辦法弄到上千種其他東西,給這兒的人消磨時間。有些東西絶對合法,衹是在這種地方不易取得,因為坐牢本該是一種懲罰。例如,有個傢夥了一個小女孩,還涉及幾十件暴露的案子。我給他找了三塊粉紅色的佛蒙特大理石,他雕了三座可愛的雕像,一個嬰兒、一個十二歲的男孩,還有一個蓄鬍子的年輕人,他稱這些雕像為“耶穌的三個不同時期”,現在這些雕像已經成為前任州長客廳中的擺設了。
   又或者,如果你是在馬薩諸塞州北邊長大的人,一定還記得這個人的名字——羅伯特·艾倫·科特。他在一九五一年,企圖搶劫莫堪尼剋弗市第一商業銀行,結果那次搶劫演變成血腥事件,死了六個人,包括兩個強盜、三名人質,還有一個年輕因為挑錯時間擡起頭來,而讓子彈穿過眼睛。科特有收集錢幣的嗜好。監獄自然不會準他將收藏品帶進來,但靠着他母親和洗衣房卡車司機的幫忙,我還是替他弄到了他想要的東西。我告訴他:你一定是瘋了,纔會想在這個滿是盜賊的石頭旅館中收藏錢幣。他看着我微笑說:“我知道該把錢幣藏在哪裏,絶對安全,你別擔心。”他說得沒錯。直到一九六七年他死於腦瘤時,他所收藏的錢幣始終沒有現身過。
   我試過在情人節設法為獄友弄到巧剋力;在聖帕迪日為一個叫歐邁利的瘋狂愛爾蘭人弄到三杯麥當勞賣的那種緑色奶昔;我甚至還為二十個人放映過午夜場電影,片名分別是《深喉》和《瓊斯小姐體內的魔鬼》(這些都是色情片,他們一起湊錢租片子)……雖然我因為這些越軌行動被關了一周禁閉,但要維持“神通廣大”的英名,就必須冒這樣的風險。
   我還能弄到參考書和黃色書刊、會讓人發癢的粉末之類的惡作劇新奇玩意兒,甚至替被判長期徒刑的傢夥弄到太太或女朋友的……我猜你也知道這些人究竟如何度過如刀割似的漫漫長夜了。這些東西並非免費的,有些東西代價不菲。但我絶不是光為錢來幹這些事。金錢對我又有何用呢?我既無法擁有一輛凱迪拉剋,更不能在二月天飛到牙買加去度兩個星期假。我這麽做的理由和市場一流肉販非新鮮肉品不賣的理由是一樣的,衹是為了維持英名不墜罷了。衹有兩種東西,我絶對不碰,一是槍械,一是毒品。我不願幫助任何人把自己或其他人殺掉。我心頭上的殺戮已夠多了,終我一生,我不想再幹任何殺人的勾當。
《肖申剋的救贖》第一章(2)
  《肖申剋的救贖》第一章(2)
   啊,我的商品目錄可說是無所不包,因此當安迪·杜佛尼在一九四九年來找我,問我能否把麗塔·海華絲麗塔·海華絲(Rita Hayworth, 1918—1987),二十世紀四五十年代好萊塢著名性感女星。弄進監獄時,我說沒問題。確實沒有任何問題。
   安迪在一九四八年到肖申剋時是三十歲,他屬於五短身材,長得白白淨淨,一頭棕發,雙手小而靈巧。他戴了一副金邊眼鏡,指甲永遠剪得整整齊齊、幹幹淨淨,我最記得的也是
   那雙手,一個男人給人這種印象還滿滑稽的,但這似乎正好總結了安迪這個人的特色,他的樣子老讓你覺得他似乎應該穿着西裝、打着領帶的。他沒進來前,是波特蘭一傢大銀行的信托部副總裁。在保守的銀行界,年紀輕輕就坐上這個位子,可說是前程似錦。尤其在新英格蘭這一帶,保守的風氣更是十倍於其他地方;除非你是個精神委靡的禿頭中年人,不時整整西裝褲上的綫條,惟恐不夠筆挺,否則很難得到當地人的信任,讓他們把錢存在你那裏。安迪是因為謀殺了老婆和她的情夫而被關進來的。
   我相信我說過,監獄裏每個犯人都聲稱自己無辜。他們衹是碰上了鐵石心腸的法官、無能的律師、的誣告,而成為受害者,再不然就是運氣實在太壞了。儘管他們手按《聖經》宣誓,但卻口是心非,像電視布道傢那樣信口開河而已。大多數囚犯都不是什麽好人,無論對自己或對別人,都沒什麽好處,他們最大的不幸,就是被生到這世上來。我在肖申剋的那些年中,儘管許多人告訴我他們是無辜的,但我相信其中真正無辜的人不超過十個,安迪·杜佛尼就是其中之一。不過我是經過了很多年纔相信他的無辜,如果一九四七到四八年間,波特蘭高等法院審判他的案子時我也是陪審團的一員,我想我也會投票贊成將他定罪。
   那是個轟動一時的案子,具備了所有聳動刺激的案子必備的要素。三位主角,一位是交遊廣泛的美麗名媛(已死),一位是當地的運動健將(也死了),被告則是著名的青年企業傢,再加上報紙的渲染、對醜聞的暗示。檢察當局認為這個案子幾乎是鐵證如山,而案子之所以還審了那麽長的一段時日,是因為偵辦此案的檢察官當時正要出馬競選衆議員,有意留給大傢深刻的印象。這是一場出色的法庭秀,旁觀的群衆清晨四點鐘就冒着零度以下的低溫到法院排隊,免得搶不到位子。
   在這個案子裏,安迪始終不曾過由檢察官提出的指控,包括安迪的太太琳達在一九四七年六月表示有意去學高爾夫球,她選了佛茂丘鄉村俱樂部的課程學了四個月,教練叫格林·昆丁,是一名職業高爾夫球手。結果沒有多久,琳達便和高爾夫球教練好起來了,到了八月底,安迪聽說了這件事。於是安迪和琳達在一九四七年九月十日下午大吵一架,爭論的導火綫便是琳達的外遇。
   安迪供稱琳達當時表示她很高興安迪知道這件事,並說偷偷摸摸瞞着他約會,實在很不舒服,她要去雷諾城辦離婚。安迪回答,要他一起去雷諾,門兒都沒有,他們會先去地獄。琳達當晚即離傢出走,到昆丁住處過夜,昆丁傢就在高爾夫球場附近。第二天早上,為昆丁清掃洗衣的傭人發現他們兩人死在床上,每人各中四槍。
   最後一項事實對安迪最不利。懷抱着熱情的檢察官做了慷慨激昂的開場白和結論。他說安迪·杜佛尼不衹是個因為妻子不貞而熱血沸騰、急於報復的丈夫,如果是出於這樣的動機,我們雖然無法原諒,卻可以理解,但是他的報復手段實在太冷血了。想象一下!他連珠炮般對着陪審團說:每人各射了四槍,不是射完手槍裏的六發子彈就算了,而是總共射了八槍。把原先槍膛裏的子彈射完後,停下來,重新裝子彈,然後再一人補一槍!第二天《波特蘭太陽報》以鬥大標題怒吼着:給他四槍,她也四槍!
   路易斯登鎮一傢當鋪的夥計作證說,他在案發兩天前賣了一支點三八口徑、有六發子彈的警用手槍給安迪·杜佛尼。鄉村俱樂部的酒保作證說九月十日晚上七點左右,安迪到酒吧來喝酒,在二十分鐘內喝了三杯烈威士忌酒,當他從椅子上站起來時,他告訴酒保要去昆丁傢,並說欲知後事如何,明天看報紙就知道了。還有一個距離昆丁傢一英裏遠的便利商店店員告訴法庭,安迪·杜佛尼在當晚八點四十五分左右去過他的店。他買了香煙、三誇脫啤酒,還有一些擦碗布。法醫證明昆丁和琳達是大約在晚上十一點到凌晨兩點之間遇害的。檢察官派出的探員作證時表示,昆丁傢七十碼外的地方有個岔道,九月十一日下午,他們在岔道附近找到三樣物證:兩個空啤酒瓶(上面有被告的指紋)、十二根煙蒂(是被告抽的牌子)以及輪胎痕跡(正是被告一九四七年出廠的普利茅斯牌車子的車胎印子)。
   在昆丁住處的客廳中,有四條擦碗布扔在沙發上,上面有彈孔和火藥灼傷的痕跡。警探的推論是,兇手把擦碗布包在槍口上來消音(安迪的律師對探員擅自推論提出強烈)。
   安迪·杜佛尼也走上證人席為自己辯護,他很冷靜、鎮定、不帶感情地述說自己的故事。他說早在七月底就聽到太太和昆丁密切來往的事。八月底他悲苦到受不瞭瞭,開始調查。一天傍晚,琳達上完高爾夫球課以後,原本說要到波特蘭購物,但他尾隨琳達和昆丁卻到了昆丁住的地方(媒體不可免俗地把這裏冠上“愛巢”二字)。他把車子停在附近,一直等昆丁駕車送琳達回俱樂部取車纔離開,那是三小時以後的事了。
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