shǒuyè>> wénxué>> 军事生活>> luó · xiè Jaroslav Hasek   jié Czech   shì jiè zhàn   (1883niánsìyuè30rì1923niányuányuè3rì)
hǎo bīng shuài The Good Soldier Švejk
  《 hǎo bīng shuài 》 (TheGoodSoldierŠvejk) quán mínghǎo bīng shuài zài shì jiè zhàn zhōng de zāo 》, shì jié jié chū de fěng zuò jiā xiè (JaroslavHašek) de cháng piān zhèng zhì fěng xiǎo shuōzuò jiā zài 'ào xiōng guó jūn duì shí suǒ huò de liàng cái liàn 'ér chéng
  
   hǎo bīng shuài - xiǎo shuō jiǎn jiè
  
   xiǎo shuō tōng shì bīng shuài zài shì jiè zhàn zhōng de jīng wéi xiàn suǒshēn jiē 'ào xiōng guó tǒng zhì zhě de xiōng cán zhuān héng jūn duì de xiǔ duò luò men duì rén mín jiān yín lüè duóguān bīng zhī jiān shàng xià yǒu jūn zhī jiān xiāng qīngyà men nüè dài jūn guān mèi zhītān lán bàizhè qiēzài xiǎo shuō zhōng bào xiǎo shuō chéng gōng zào liǎo rén mín xuè ròu xiāng lián de tōng jié shì bīng shuài de zhì huì liàng duì zhàn lǐng zhě de mǎn qíng fǎn kàng de jīng shénshuài shàn liáng yòu yǒng gǎn zhì 'ér shēng mào píng fánér qiě yòu diǎn mèi huá xiàorán 'ér què shàn yùn yòng mín jiān yàn xiào huàjiē guò shàng de kǒu hào rén zhī dào hái zhì rén zhī shēn qiǎo miào tóng fǎn dòng tǒng zhì zhě zuò dǒu zhēngzhǐ yào dào jiù bèi jiǎo fēi gǒu tiàotiān fān fǎn dòng zhèng quán de zhì gǎo tuán zāoshǐ fǎn dòng tǒng zhì yùn dòngcóng 'ér biǎo duì rén de chóu hèn duì tǒng zhì xià de rén mín de shēnqiè tóng qíng guān huáixiǎo shuō chū bǎn hòu bèi chéng 40 duō zhǒng wén zài shì jiè yōng yòu guǎng fàn de zhěxiǎng yòu shì jiè shēng


  The Good Soldier Švejk (also spelled Schweik or Schwejk, and pronounced /ˈʃveɪk/; Czech: [ˈʃvɛjk]) is the abbreviated title of an unfinished satirical novel by Jaroslav Hašek. It was illustrated by Josef Lada and George Grosz after Hašek's death. The original Czech title of the work is Osudy dobrého vojáka Švejka za světové války, literally The Fateful Adventures of the Good Soldier Švejk During the World War.
  
  Hašek originally intended Švejk to cover a total of six volumes, but had completed only four (which are now usually merged into one book) upon his death from tuberculosis in 1923. Many critics consider the book to be one of the greatest novels of the 20th century.
  
   Themes
  
  The novel is set during World War I in Austria-Hungary, a multi-ethnic empire full of long-standing tensions. Fifteen million people died in the War, one million of them Austro-Hungarian soldiers of whom around 140,000 were Czechs. Jaroslav Hašek participated in this conflict and examined it in The Good Soldier Švejk.
  
  Many of the situations and characters seem to have been inspired, at least in part, by Hašek's service in the 91st Infantry Regiment of the Austro-Hungarian Army. However, the novel also deals with broader anti-war themes: essentially a series of absurdly comic episodes, it explores both the pointlessness and futility of conflict in general and of military discipline, specifically Austrian military discipline, in particular. Many of its characters, especially the Czechs, are participating in a conflict they do not understand on behalf of a country to which they have no loyalty.
  
  The character of Josef Švejk is a development of this theme. Through possibly-feigned idiocy or incompetence he repeatedly manages to frustrate military authority and expose its stupidity in a form of passive resistance: the reader is left unclear, however, as to whether Švejk is genuinely incompetent, or acting quite deliberately with dumb insolence. These absurd events reach a climax when Švejk, wearing a Russian uniform, is mistakenly taken prisoner by his own troops.
  
  In addition to satirising Habsburg authority, Hašek repeatedly sets out corruption and hypocrisy attributed to priests of the Catholic Church.
  Plot summary
  
  The story begins in Prague with news of the assassination in Sarajevo that precipitates World War I.
  
  Švejk displays such enthusiasm about faithfully serving the Austrian Emperor in battle that no one can decide whether he is merely an imbecile or is craftily undermining the war effort. However, he is arrested by a member of the secret police, Bretschneider, after making some politically sensitive remarks, and is sent to prison. After being certified insane he is finally transferred to a madhouse, before being ejected.
  
  Švejk gets his charwoman to wheel him (he claims to be suffering from rheumatism) to the recruitment offices in Prague, where his apparent zeal causes a minor sensation. Unfortunately, he is transferred to a hospital for malingerers because of his rheumatism. He finally joins the army as batman to army chaplain Otto Katz; Katz loses him at cards to Lieutenant Lukáš, whose batman he then becomes. Lukáš is then posted with his march battalion to barracks in České Budějovice, in Southern Bohemia, preparatory to being sent to the front. After missing the train to Budějovice, Švejk embarks on a long anabasis on foot around Southern Bohemia in a vain attempt to find Budějovice, before being arrested as a possible spy and deserter (a charge he strenuously denies) and escorted to his regiment. He is then promoted to company orderly.
  
  The unit embarks on a long train journey towards Galicia and the Eastern Front. Stopping in a town on the border between Austria and Hungary, Švejk is again arrested, this time for causing an affray involving a respectable Hungarian citizen and engaging in a street fight. Before reaching the front line, Švejk is taken prisoner by his own side as a suspected Russian deserter, after arriving at a lake and trying on an abandoned Russian uniform. Narrowly avoiding execution, he manages to rejoin his unit. The unfinished novel breaks off abruptly before Švejk has a chance to be involved in any combat or enter the trenches, though it appears Hašek may have conceived that the characters would have continued the war in a POW camp, much as he had done.
  
  The book also includes a very large number of anecdotes told by Švejk (usually either to deflect the attentions of an authority figure, or to insult them in a concealed manner) which are not directly related to the plot.
  Selected characters
  
  The characters of The Good Soldier Švejk generally either are used as the butt of Hašek's absurdist humour or represent fairly broad social and ethnic stereotypes found in the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the time. People are often distinguished by the dialect and register of Czech or German they speak, a quality that does not translate easily. Many German- and Polish-speaking characters, for example, are shown as speaking comedically broken or heavily accented Czech, while many Czechs speak broken German; much use is also made of slangy expressions.
  
  Some characters seem to have been partly based on real people serving with the Imperial and Royal 91st Infantry Regiment, in which Hašek served as a one-year volunteer.
  
  Josef Švejk
   The novel's hero: in civilian life a dealer in stolen dogs.
  Palivec
   The foul-mouthed landlord of Švejk's local pub - the "U Kalicha" on Na Bojišti street, Prague. Palivec is eventually arrested by Bretschneider (see below) after commenting that flies shit on the pub's portrait of Franz Joseph I of Austria.
  Bretschneider
   A secret policeman for the Austro-Hungarian government, who repeatedly tries to catch Švejk and others out on their anti-monarchist views. Is eventually eaten by his own dogs, after buying a succession of animals from Švejk in an attempt to incriminate him.
  Staff Warder Slavík
   A cruel and corrupt prison official (revealed to have himself ended up in prison under the Republic of Czechoslovakia).
  Chaplain Otto Katz
   Katz is an army chaplain with a fondness for drinking, especially good communion wine, and gambling. A convert to Catholicism, many aspects of Katz's character are something of an anti-semitic caricature. Švejk seems fond of Katz, but the latter loses the services of Švejk to Lieutenant Lukáš in a game of cards.
  Lieutenant Lukáš
   Švejk's long-suffering company commander. A Czech from South Bohemia, Lukáš is something of a womanizer but is depicted in a broadly sympathetic manner by Hašek (the records of the real-life 91st Regiment show an Oberleutnant Rudolf Lukáš at the time of Hašek's service; Hašek admired Lukáš and even wrote him a number of poems). Though Švejk's actions eventually lead to Lukáš being labelled as a notorious philanderer in the Hungarian national press, he starts to miss Švejk after the latter is promoted to company orderly.
  Colonel Friedrich Kraus von Zillergut
   An idiotic Austrian officer with a penchant for giving his colleagues long-winded, moronic explanations of everyday objects (such as thermometers and postage stamps) and situations; run over by a cart while attempting to demonstrate what a pavement is. Kraus's dog is stolen by Švejk as a gift to Lukáš; the enraged colonel subsequently arranges Lukáš's transfer to the front.
  Captain Sagner
   One of the regiment's professional officers and commander of Švejk's march battalion; an ambitious careerist, he is later revealed to have been a closet Czech patriot in his youth. A Captain Sagner appears to have served in the 91st Regiment, where he was Hašek's battalion commander.
  Colonel Schröder
   The bad-tempered colonel of Švejk's regiment, and a caricature of the typical German-speaking senior officers of the Austro-Hungarian army.
  Jurajda
   The battalion's spiritualist cook; before military service he had edited an "occultist" journal. Spends time attempting to avoid frontline service through letters he is writing to his wife, in which he details meals he is intending to cook for senior officers.
  2nd Lieutenant Dub
   Dub is a Czech schoolmaster, officer of the reserve, and commander of the battalion's 3rd company: he has strongly monarchist views. As a conservative, pro-Habsburg Czech, Dub is the subject of some of Hašek's most vicious satire. Repeatedly placed in humiliating situations, such as being found drunk in a brothel or falling off a horse (in all Slavonic languages the word 'dub' ('oak') itself is a common synonym for a dull, idiotic person). Is said to have been based on a lieutenant of the reserve, Mechalek, who served in Hašek's regiment.
  Quartermaster Sergeant-Major Vaněk
   Another recurring character, Vaněk (a chemist from Kralupy nad Vltavou in civilian life) is an example of an easy-going but self-serving senior NCO, whose main concern is to make his own existence as comfortable as possible.
  Volunteer Marek
   The character of one-year volunteer Marek is to some degree a self-portrait by the author, who was himself a one-year volunteer in the 91st. For example, Marek — like Hašek — was fired from the editorship of a natural history magazine after writing articles about imaginary animals. Is appointed the battalion historian by Sagner and occupies himself with devising memorable and heroic deaths in advance for his colleagues.
  Vodička
   A sapper friend of Švejk noted mainly for his extreme hatred of Hungarians, which leads to an unfortunate incident in Bruck an der Leitha.
  Cadet Biegler
   Biegler is a young junior officer with pretensions to nobility, despite being the middle-class son of a furrier. Biegler takes his military duties so seriously he is ridiculed even by his senior officers, and is mistakenly hospitalised as a "carrier of cholera germs" after medical staff misdiagnose (for army PR-purposes) a cognac-induced hangover.
  Captain Tayrle
   The brigade adjutant and a particularly disgusting example of a headquarters officer, whose interests appear to lie mainly in crude jokes and sampling of local prostitutes.
  General Fink von Finkenstein
   An aristocratic, vicious and near-insane senior Austrian officer and commander of the garrison fort of Przemyśl, Fink treats his men with extreme brutality. Almost succeeds in having Švejk executed after the latter is taken prisoner by his own side.
  Chaplain Martinec
   A chaplain plagued by drink-induced spiritual doubts, whose attempt to provide spiritual consolation to Švejk ends in disaster.
  "Sergeant Teveles"
   A man in possession of a silver Military Merit Medal, purchased from a Bosnian, and claiming to be a Sergeant Teveles, who had previously disappeared along with the entire 6 March Company during fighting in Belgrade.
  Baloun
   A miller from Český Krumlov in civilian life, and Švejk's successor as Lukáš's batman, Baloun is a glutton and is regularly punished for stealing Lukáš's food. Will eat raw dough, sausage skins, etc., when nothing else is available.
  
  Literary significance and criticism
  
  A number of literary critics consider The Good Soldier Švejk to be one of the first anti-war novels, predating Remarque's All Quiet on the Western Front. Furthermore, Joseph Heller said that if he had not read The Good Soldier Švejk, he would never have written his novel Catch-22.
  Broader cultural influence
  
  The idiocy/subversion of Švejk has entered the Czech language in the form of words of švejkovina ("švejking"), švejkovat ("to švejk"), švejkárna (military absurdity), etc. Peter Sellers in his movie "Shot in the Dark", uses two comic bits from Svejk. From the overbearing captain "You know what a road is? - simplistic overstatement, and poor Lieutenent Lucas in despair to Svejk , "I should have shot you — who would have said anything ? who ?", (this was put to Clouseau by Captain Dreyfuss in the movie).
  Adaptations
  
   * The Czech animator Jiří Trnka adapted the novel as an animated film in 1955, including Jan Werich starring as a narrator.
   * Czech director Karel Steklý filmed the adventures in two films in 1956 and 1957, starring Rudolf Hrušínský as Švejk.
   * In West Germany the book was newly adapted in the 1960s, starring Heinz Rühmann.
   * A 13-part TV series in German, Die Abenteuer des braven Soldaten Schwejk, directed by Wolfgang Liebeneiner, was made and broadcast by the Austrian state TV (ORF) in 1972. The title role was played by Fritz Muliar.
   * Czechoslovakian puppetoon version "Osudy dobrého vojáka Švejka" (1986)
   * In November 2008, BBC Radio 4 broadcasted a two-part radio adaptation starring Sam Kelly.
  
  The Good Soldier Švejk inspired Bertolt Brecht to write a play continuing his adventures in World War II. It was aptly titled Schweik in the Second World War.
  
  Švejk became the subject of comic books, films, an opera, a musical, statues, and the theme of many restaurants in a number of European countries.
  
  Arthur Koestler worked on an uncompleted sequel called The Good Soldier Schweik Goes to War Again.[citation needed]
  
   * Robert Kurka wrote an opera based on the novel, first performed in 1958.
   * The Harry Harrison science fiction series 'Bill, the Galactic Hero', begun in 1965, is a retelling of the Švejk story updated to a future galactic war.
  
  Translations and adaptations
  
  Three major English-language translations of Švejk have been published:
  
   * The Good Soldier Schweik, tr. Paul Selver, 1930.
   * The Good Soldier Svejk and His Fortunes in the World War, tr. Cecil Parrott, 1973; reprints: ISBN 0140182748 & ISBN 978-0140449914.
   * The Fateful Adventures of the Good Soldier Svejk During the World War, Book One, Books 3 & 4 (E-book).
   * The Fateful Adventures of the Good Soldier Švejk During the World War, Book Two
   * The Fateful Adventures of the Good Soldier Švejk During the World War, Book(s) Three & Four]
  
  The first translation does not give a full impression of Hašek's original. Whole passages are missing (such as the famous imaginary-animals passage on the Animal World Magazine, and the whole of Volume 4 after Švejk's capture as a Russian), various passages are bowdlerised, and the style is somewhat stifling and unimaginative, contrary to the language used by Hašek. Succeeding translations are generally perceived as evolving from good to better.[citation needed]
  
  The translation by Sadlon (all four books) is now also available on CD, together with a collection of several dozen great works of satire from B*R Samizdat Express
  
  There is also an orchestral suite and an opera , both for wind ensemble, written by Robert Kurka, as well as a stage adaptation, Svejk, by Colin Teevan.
  shuō zuì zǎo jiē chùhǎo bīng shuài zhè shì jiè fěng wén xué míng zhù de jīng guòzhēn shì yòu diǎn shī jìngtóng shí shuō míng duì 'ōu zhōu wén xué shǐ yòu duō me lòu guǎ wén
   shí nián dài chū zhù zài lún dūn běi jiāo suǒ gōng měi féng shāng fēng gǎn mào zǒng zhǎo diǎn qīng sōng de jīng cháng mǎi de shì 'é cóng shūyīn wéi dāng shí měi běn jǐn liù biàn shìér qiě fēng miàn fēn bié yòng tóng yán biāo zhì zhe nèi róng xiǎo shuō de fēng shì jié huáng dehuí shì lán de。《 hǎo bīng shuài bèi liè wéi yōu lèi
   shū lái jiù zài fàng xià liǎodāng shí bèi shuài zhè wèi jué miào rén zhěng yǐn zhù liǎo duì zhè běn shū yòu liǎo xiāng jiàn hèn wǎn zhī gǎnbìng qiě guài liè wéi yōu lèiwèi miǎn tài qīng shuài liǎohòu lái cái zhī dàozhè shū shì jié yòu shǐ lái de jié zuò zhī jīng bèi chéng jìn sān shí zhǒng wén zuò zhě xiè céng bèi 'ōu zhōu píng jiā shí liù shì de léi(《 rén chuánde zuò zhě sài wàn (《 táng de zuò zhěxiāng bìng lùnzhè shì jié běnyuán zuò yào zhǎngshàng sān bèi zhī suǒ tiǎo zhè jié běn lái shì yīn wéi jié hěn gāo mínglüè liǎo yuán zuò jiè yòng tiān zhù jiào fán suǒ jiào guī huò jié wén shuāng guān xiē fèi jiě de xiào liàobǎo liú liǎo yuán zuò de jīng huá
   duān cán bàotòu dǐng de guóào xiōng guówèile zài 'ōu zhōu zhēng duó quánjiù píng jiè lìng ruò xiǎo dàn shì juéjiàng de mín jié rén mín), bìng shǐ chéng yuán cān jiā yīcháng yóu fēn zāng jūn 'ér yǐn de shì jiè zhàn); ér shuài zhè lún de rén wéi dài biǎo de jié mín yóu chù zài liè shìbiǎo miàn shàng wéi wéi nuò nuò cóng xiào zhōngshèn zhì kǒu wàn suì”, nèi xīn què chōng mǎn liǎo zēng hèncóng 'ér cǎi zhǒng zhǒng shǐ fǎn dòng tǒng zhì zhě xiào de fāng shì jìn xíng wán qiáng de kàngtōng guò zhù rén gōng shuài zhè tōng shì bīng zài shì jiè zhàn jiān cóng yìng zhēng dào kāi qián xiàn de jīng zuò zhě xiào de fēng duì zhè nèi rěn de guó nèi de qiánghèng bào nüèhūn kuì néng jiā qíng de bào kòng héng héng zhè jiù shìhǎo bīng shuài zhè jié chū de fěng xiǎo shuō de běn nèi róng。《 jiǎo xíng jià xià de bào gàode zuò zhějié de mín yīng xióngzhuó yuè de fǎn zhàn shì céng jīng duì shuài zhè rén suǒ chǎn shēng de yǐng xiǎng zuò chū zhè yàng gāo de píng jiàshuō fǎng shì tiáo chóng zài zhù shíào xiōng guó fǎn dòng zhì shí shì hěn jìn dejìn guǎn bìng shì shǐ zhōng dōuhěn jué dezài cuī huǐ zhè zuò de shà shàng shì liǎo zuò yòng de。”
   zài mǒu zhǒng shàng,《 hǎo bīng shuài shuō shì shǐ xiǎo shuōyīn wéi cóng nèi miáo xiě liǎo 'ōu zhōu jìn dài shǐ shàng zuì lǎo de wáng cháo héng héng 'ào xiōng guó bēng kuì de guò chéngzuò pǐn jīhū shì yán 'àn zhào shì jiè zhàn biān nián shùn xiě decóng 'èr juànshuài hòu yóu kāi qián fāngzhàn shì jiàn xiàn dāng nián de 'ào xiōng jūn duì zuò zhàn shǐ běn wěn shèn zhì shuài suǒ zài de lián duì fān hào zuò pǐn zhōng yòu xiē rén shīwàn děng shì gòu derán 'ér shū de jià zhí bìng zài zhōng shǐ shíér zài zuò zhě xiè zhuó jué de màn huà shì shǒu zhǔn quèshēn pōu liǎo 'ào xiōng guó de zhèng jūn duì yuàn guān zhì yuànjiào huì de fǎn dòng 'ér yòu ruò de běn zhìtōng guò shǒu zhepàn guó zhěmào dào chù xún zhǎo duì xiàng de nài cǎo jiān rén mìng de jūn men kàn dào 'ào xiōng guó shì zěn yàng zuò hēi 'àncán bào de jiān wèile jiē suǒ wèishén zhí rén yuánzhè zhǒng shēng chóngzuò zhě zài xīn liǎng shén de xíng xiàng shàng zhe liǎo nóng zhòng de zhè guó de qiē cán āng zànghuāng miù chǒu 'èdōuméi néng táo tuō xiè zhī fēng xīn de qíng jiē liǎo zhè páng guó suǒ jiā jié mín de zhǒng zhǒng zāinànbìng zào chū shuài zhè píng fán 'ér yòu zhì de xiǔ xíng xiàng
   dāng ránzhè xiǎo shuō bào zuì chè pēng zuì yòu de hái shì 'ào xiōng guó suǒ xuàn yào de jūn duìfǎn dòng tǒng zhì zhě wèile shǐ rén mín men xiǔ zhèng quán dāng pào huī zhì zào xiē wěi dejūn rén róng gǎn”, chuīzhōng jūn 'ài guóde xiǎngyòng zōng jiào zuì piàn zhōng yíng děng qiáng zhì shǒu duànyìng bāo kuò lǎo ruò bìng cán zài nèi de rén men tuī shàng huǒ xiànzuò zhě xíng xiàng miáo xiě liǎo jūn duì zhōng zhù quán shì de guān bīng guān lüè duó zhě bèi lüè duó zhě zhī jiān de jūn mín guān jiē shì chū lín zhèn pīn còu lái deyǒujūn zhī jiān xiāng qīngyà zhì zhí jūn guān duì hòu bèi jūn guān yuàn jūn guān de qīng mièzhè yàng de jūn duì tán shàng xiàolǜ gèng méi yòushì yánjūn guān men duì fāng de gōng shì lái bào chóushì bīng sài zhe dài gōngliè chē kāi zǒu liǎojūn guān hái duǒ zài chē zhàn hòu miàn tóng jiǎng zhe jià qiánzhè yàng de jūn duì duì rénshì yàng cán duì dài fāng lǎo bǎi xìng gèng qín shòu。《 hǎo bīng shuài zhè xiǎo shuō de liàng jiù zài shēng dòng yòu lìng rén xiào de qíng jié shuō gào men de jūn duì lùn zài shù liàng shàng páng dào tóu lái zhǐ néng shī bàimiè wáng
   zuò zhě luó · xiè sān jiǔ 'èr sānchū shēng de qīn shì suǒ guó zhōng xué de shù xué jiào yuánxīn fèng wēi jiā jìng pín hán xiè shí sān suì sàng hòujiù jiā yào dāng xué niándāng xiè hái shì shí suì de shàonián shí jiù cān jiā liǎo fǎn duì tǒng zhì zhě de huó dòngcháng cháng chě diào men tiē de jiè yán gào 'ào xiōng guó de guó wēi suì fǎn dòng zhèng guān de chuāng bìng céng yīn cān jiā fǎn 'ér bèi jūn shì cái pàn míng dài tóu láo xiè shí liù suì jìn liǎo suǒ zhōng děng shāng xué xiào rèn lǎo shī shì shǐ xiǎo shuō jiā 'ā luò · xiè zài bān shàng shí cháng jiǎng shù jié mín yīng xióng de shìduì xiè de
   shāng xué xiào chuò xué hòu xiè méi yòu jìn yínháng dāng zhí yuánquè xuǎn liǎo xiě zuò de dào shū jiān jiù jīng cháng wéi《》 xiě gǎo jiǔ nián dāng shàng liǎogōng shède zhù biān jīng cháng dào nèi duì kuàng gōng fǎng zhì gōng rén yǎn jiǎng duàn shòu dào 'ào xiōng guó de jiān shìcéng yīn fǎn kàng zuò guò yuè de láo jiǔ nián liǎng wéi chuán xùn shì yóu shì chě xià guà zài wēn sài guǎng chǎng shàng de 'ào xiōng guó guó lìng kòng gào de zuì míng shìrǎo luàn zhì 'ān”。 jiǔ nián zhù biāndòng shì jiè》, niányóu biān zào liǎo xiē gòu de dòng xíng xiàngbèi chū bǎn shāng jiě liǎo jiǔ sān nián cān jiā guò zhèng zhù zhì jiǔ nián jiù duàn rán tóng men jué liè
   xiè shì wèi xīn qín de zuò jiā jiǔ zhì jiǔ nián jiān xiě guò bǎi shí piān fěng xiǎo pǐn jiǔ jiǔ nián kāi shǐ xiě duǎn piān xiǎo shuōzuì chū dēng zài yuē sài · ( 1887~ 1957, wéi běn shū zuò chā de wèi huà jiāsuǒ zhù biān demàn huà bàoshàng shēng píng 'àihào xíngbìng huān shēn xià céng shè huì zài shí nián de wén xué shēng zhōngxiě liǎo xià qiān piān duǎn piān xiǎo shuōduì suǒ guān chá dào de shè huì shàng zhǒng zhǒng chǒu 'è xiàn xiàngjìn xíng liǎo qíng de biān 。《 hǎo bīng shuài zuì chū shì duǎn piān xiǎo shuō de xíng shì wèn shì de wài xiě de běn céng shàng yǎn guò
   zhèng xiàng suǒ chuàng zào de shuài zhè rén yàng xiè běn rén zài xiàn shí shēng huó zhōng gān guò shǎo lìng 'ào xiōng guó dāng chēn qièchǐ de miào jiǔ niándāng 'ào xiōng guó gǎo huì xuǎn shí xiè zhì liǎo suǒ wèizài fàn wéi nèi zhù zhāng wēn píng de zhèng dǎng”, bìng zài jiā xià děng jiǔ guǎn biǎojìng xuǎnyǎn shuōduì 'ào xiōng guó de shè huì zhì jìn xíng liǎo měng liè pēng shì hòu gào rén shuōzhè shì wèile jiā jiǔ guǎn zhāo lái zhù lìng huí  shēng zài shì jiè zhàn chū zhù jìn jiā guǎnzài dēng guó lán tián shàng 'ào xiōng guóxiàng duì deé luó ”, yòu zàilái shìlán tián shàngkuī tàn 'ào cān móu de huó dòng”。 shìchǔn zhū bān de pài rén gāi guǎn bāo wéi lái wéi zhè xià zhuā dào liǎo míng zhòng yào jiàndié zhì bái hòuyán wèn wèishénme zài zhàn zhēng jiān kāi zhè zhǒng wán xiào xiè dài zhe zhēn chéng shén qíng huí shuō duì 'ào de xiàolǜ fàng xīnshì xiǎng kǎo yàn xià men jǐng xìng jǐng fāng xiào zuò liǎo tiān láo
   jiǔ nián héng héng shì jiè zhàn bào hòu de 'èr nián xiè yìng zhēng cān jiā jiǔ shí bīng tuán jiù shì shuài suǒ shǔ de duì chū men zhù zhā zài jié kǎi héng yóu wéi dāng nián jiǔ yuèé jūn fáng xiànqiē duàn liǎo xiè suǒ shǔ duì tóng 'ào xiōng guó zhù jūn zhī jiān de lián xiè zhōng bèi 'é jūn bèi hòu xiè xiān zài hòu lái yòu zhuǎn dào 'ěr shān nán duān de tuō zài yíng méi yòu jiànduàn wén xué huó dòng dāng shàng liǎo zài chū bǎn de jiā jié wén zhìjié luò de zhěbìng cóng shìhǎo bīng shuài de xiě zuò jiǔ niánzhè jiā zhì shè chū bǎn liǎohǎo bīng shuài de dān xíng běn hái fǎng yīng guó zuò jiā gèng de wēi fēn chuán》, xiě liǎo wēi 》, nèi róng yědōu shì duì 'ào xiōng guó tǒng zhì zhě hūn yōng de fěng
   dāng shí 'é jūn zài zhōng jiān zhì liǎo zhī jié bīng tuán 'ào xiōng guó zuò zhànyóu xiè shí rèn shí qīng jiù bào míng cān jiā liǎodàn shì hòu lái dāng zhè bīng tuán biàn zhì wéi fǎn bái wèi jūn de méng yǒu héng héng chòu míng zhāo zhù de jié luò shī tuánbìng kāi wǎng fǎn duì 'ěr shí wéi shí xiè táo zǒu liǎo duǒ zài xiàn 'ěr huò liú de 'ěr wéi nuò jiǔ nián xiè zài rán cān jiā liǎo hóng jūn yuè hòuchéng wéi 'ěr shí wéi dǎng yuán fǎn dòng shī tuán xuān wéizéi”, bìng xià lìng tōng shuō yòu wéi hóng jūn bàn shì shícéng wéi gāi shī tuán suǒ dàn yòu chéng gōng táo diào liǎo cān jiā xuān chuán gōng zuòdòng yuán zài de jié shì bīng zhī yuán shí yuè céng zài xīn 'ěr cān jiā zhù míng de hóng jūn jūnbìng chéng wéi jūn duì dǎng de gān duìhòu rèn 'ěr shì de duì lìng yuán jiǔ jiǔ nián bèi wěi rèn wéi shì wài guó yuán wěi yuán huì de shū tóng nián rèn hóng jiàn yìn shuà chǎng de dǎng wěi shū jiǔ 'èr nián rèn hóng jūn jūn guó cháng xiè zài 'ěr shídān rèn guò wén zhìkuáng biāo》、 xiōng wén zhìjìn gōng měnggǔ wén zhìshǔ guāngde lǐng dǎo gōng zuò xiè zài fēng xìn zhōng céng tán dào zài 'ěr shí jié shí wèi cān jiā shí yuè de zhōng guó jiāng jūn xiè gēn wèi jiāng jūn xué zhōng wéntóng shí jiào jié wén shí fēn hàn xiě dàozài wàn liù qiān zhōng guó fāng kuài zhōng jiān zhǐ rèn shí shuō dāng shí hóng jūn jūn shì wěi yuán huì hái céng qǐng xiè zhù biān zhǒng zhōng wén kān
   jiǔ 'èr niánjié shè huì dǎng pài liǎo fǎng dài biǎo tuán men qǐng xiè huí guó gōng zuò tóng liǎotóng nián shí 'èr yuè huí dào bìng wéi shè huì dǎng zuǒ de guān bàohóng quán bàoxiě wén zhāngdāng shí jié shì xīn jiàn de gòng guó jiǔ xiè bèi zhèng miè wéijiān ”。
   dàn náo cóng shìhǎo bīng shuài de xiě zuòyóu zhǎo dào chū bǎn zhě jiǔ 'èr nián zài péng yǒu men de zhù xià fèi juàn kān yìn chéng shūbìng qiě tóng yǒu rén shàng jiē jiào màijiēguǒ wéi chéng gōng běn jìhuà gòng xiě chéng juànkāi shǐ xiě juàn shí liǎo nüè zài bìng shàng yòng kǒu shù de fāng shì chuàng zuò jiǔ 'èr sān niángāng xiě wán sān zhāng jiù yīn xīn zàng fèi yán rán shì cháng shí nián hái mǎn shíduì jié duì 'ōu zhōuduì rén lèi jìn de wén xué shì de yāo zhé dōushì de sǔn shīhòu lái de péng yǒu 'ěr · wàn quán shū wándàn yīn wén yòu xiǎn zhù chā biéjìn nián lái de bǎn běn duō shān yòng liǎo
   jié zhù míng huà jiā yuē sài · wéihǎo bīng shuài suǒ huà de chā shì yuán shū míng de xiǔ zhī zuòshì shí shàng xiè shēng qián bìng méi kàn dào zhè xiē gēn de zuò pǐn zhī xiāng zhāng de chā jǐn jǐn zài jiǔ 'èr nián qǐng wèicǐ shū huà guò fēng miàn jiǔ 'èr nián shì xiè shì shì de nián cái yìngjié bàoxīng ji de biān zhě zhī yuēwéihǎo bīng shuài zuò liǎo chā zài gāi kān shàng liánzǎiměi chā xià miàn bìng yóu huà jiā cóng yuán zhù zhòngxuǎn zhāi duàn zuò wéi shuō míng tǒng xiān hòu céng wéi xiè de quán zuò pǐn huà guò sān sān jiǔ xiě zhōng jǐnhǎo bīng shuài jiù huà liǎo jiǔ jiǔ měi dōushì zhè me dào jìn yòu lún kuò fēn míngshū shū jiù néng jué zhù shū zhōng rén héng héng yóu shì zhù rén gōng shuài héng héng de líng húnzài shū chā shǐ shàngbié shù
   chū shēng qióng xié jiàng de jiā tíng yòu jiù huān huì huà zǎo shòu jié xiàn shí zhù huà jiā shì · ā liè shì( 1852~ 1913) de yǐng xiǎng shēnshí suì zài jiā zhuāng dìng zuōfáng dāng xué yīn 'ér jiē chù dào duō yòu chā de míng zhùcóng shí jiù kāi shǐ yòng gōng zuò huà jiǔ nián yuè chū bǎn shè yìn xíng liǎo de huà
   hái huān yán jiū mín jiān zhuāng shùsōu tóng yáo de huì huà de chuàng xìng shì tóng jié fēng de mín chuán tǒng jǐn jié de de xiàn tiáo rán cǎi xiān míng huó xià chōng mǎn zhe mín jiān shēng huó de shī
   zuì chū wéi hǎo tóng huà zuò guò chā yòu biān huì de 》、《 kuài de shēng xuéděng méng xìng jiǔ 'èr dào jiǔ sān nián jiān zhù biān guò 'ér tóng kān xiǎo huā 'ér》、 màn huà zhìdòng shì jiè》, wéihóng quán bàozuò guò huàbìng lìng fěng zuò jiā · de zuò pǐn huà guò chā dàn shì zhù yào shì wéihǎo bīng shuài suǒ zuò de zhè chā 'ér wén míng de
   xiàng shuài yàng tōng de rén xiàng jiù shì huà zuò zhōng de zhù yào cái cóng lái huà méi yòu rén de fēng jǐngzài de huà miàn shàng huó yuè zhe de zǒng shì shǒu gōng gōng rén shuǐ jiàngnóng mínmófáng gōng rénkàn lín rénlǎo tài huò xiǎo hái duì xiè zhè zuò pǐn yòu shēn zhàn de huìzài chā fēng shàng yuán zuò dào gāo de xiézhè shì yīn wéi men 'èr rén cóng jiǔ nián jiù jié xià shēn zhì de yǒu zhè zhǒng yǒu shì jiàn zài men gòng tóng duì rén mín chì liè de 'ài duì fǎn dòng tǒng zhì zhě shēnqiè de tòng hèn shàngzài xiè chuàng zuò zhè xiǎo shuō de nián yuè men zhí mìqiè jiāo wǎng hái dào shēng huó guòduì xiè zuò pǐn zhōng suǒ biǎo de xiǎng gǎn qíng liǎo jiě zuì wéi tòu chè jiǔ niánjié zhèng céng bān gěi rén mín shù jiāde guāng huī chēng hào
   xiāo qián
   jiǔ jiǔ nián jiǔ yuè
juàn shǒu
  wěi de shí dài jiù yòu wěi héng de rén chū xiànyòu zhǒng qiān bēi de wén de yīng xióng men méi yòu lún de yīng míng méi yòu xiē fēng gōng wěi shì zhè zhǒng rén de pǐn fēn xiàlián shān jiāng xiǎn 'àn rán jīn tiān zǒu zài de jiē shàng jiù huì dào rén diǎn jué zài zhè wěi xīn shí dài de shǐ shàng yòu shénme zhòng yào xìng hěn qiān bēi zǒu zhe de shuí jīng dòngtóng shí méi yòu xīn wén zhě lái jīng dòng qǐng qiú huì jiàn guǒ qǐng wèn xià guì xìng míng huì yòng 'ér qiān bēi de shēng diào shuō:“ shì shuài 。”
   ér zhè shēng kēngháo jià chuān hěn hánchen de rénzhèng shì men suǒ shú zhī de hǎo bīng shuài dāng wáng guó de gōng mín men hái zài 'ào tǒng zhì zhī xià de shí hòu men jiù jiāo kǒu chēng zàn zhè xiāo yǒnggāng zhí de rén liǎojīn tiānsuī rán men chéng liǎo gòng guó de guāng huī huì yīn 'ér xiāo shì de
   hěn huān hǎo bīng shuài zài shù zài zhàn zhōng de shí xiāng xìn zhě duì zhè qiān bēi de wén de yīng xióng dìng huì yǐn gòng míng de bìng méi xiàng luó shǎ guā yàngjǐn jǐn wèile de shì dēng bào huò biān jiào shūjiù zòng huǒ fén shāo fěi de shén miào
   jǐn jǐn zhè diǎnjiù gòu liǎo
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  ⑴ shān gōng yuán qián sān liùsān 'èr sān), dùn guó wáng dài 'ōu zhōu zhàn lüè jiā shì céng píng qīn lüè guò 'āi guó de xīn jiā
  ⑵ jié 'èr liù niánjié wáng guó bìng bǎo guó hòugǎi chēng wéi wáng guó
  ⑶ zhǐ shì jiè zhàn jié shù hòu jiǔ nián shí yuè chéng de chǎn jiē gòng guó
  ⑷ zhǐ shì jiè zhàn
  ⑸ luó chíshì xiǎo fěi réngōng yuán qián sān liù nián wèile gěi zhì zào míng jìng zòng huǒ chéng měi de shén miào shāo liǎo
  ⑹ fěi shì shí xiǎo de zuò chéng shìchéng 'ā 'ěr shén miào 'ér chū míngzài shén huà zhōngā 'ěr xiàng zhēng de qiē shēng chǎn
shǒuyè>> wénxué>> 军事生活>> luó · xiè Jaroslav Hasek   jié Czech   shì jiè zhàn   (1883niánsìyuè30rì1923niányuányuè3rì)