shǒuyè>> wénxué>> 推理侦探>> 柯南道尔 Arthur Conan Doyle   英国 United Kingdom   温莎王朝   (1859年5月22日1930年7月7日)
xuè de yán jiū A Study in Scarlet
  A Study in Scarlet, The Sign of Four, zhōng wén míng fēn bié wéixuè de yán jiū》、《 qiān míng》, zhè shì liǎng chōng mǎn chuán mào xiǎn zhì huì de zhēn tàn shìyóu yīng guó zhù míng zhēn tàn xiǎo shuō jiā yīng guó zhēn tàn xiǎo shuō zhī ā · nán · dào 'ěr biān zhùzài chōng mǎn de lún dūn bèi jiē shàngzhù zhe wèi yòu zhèng gǎn de zhēn tàn 'ěr zhōng shí de shēng péng yǒu huá shēng jīng liǎo shù qiān bǎi guài de 'àn zhì zào liǎo duō jīng diǎn de zhēn tàn shì。《 xuè de yán jiū qiān míngbiàn shì zhōng zuì jīng diǎn de liǎng bèi gōng rèn wéi shì jiè zhēn tàn xiǎo shuō de jīng diǎn zhī zuòzhì jīn bèi chéng shì jiè shàng duō zhǒng wén céng jīng xiān hòu duō bèi gǎi biān chéng diàn yǐngshū zhōng suǒ zhǎn xiàn zhù rén gōng 'ěr de chuán shì bàn suí liǎo dài yòu dài rén de měi tóng niánshàonián zhí zhì chéng nián
   lùn zuò wéi yán xué de běnhái shì zuò wéi tōng de wén xué běn,《 xuè de yán jiū / qiān míngzhōng wén dǎo yīng wén bǎn)》 duì dāng dài zhōng guó zhě bié shì qīng shàonián zhě jiāng chǎn shēng de yǐng xiǎngwèile shǐ zhě néng gòu liǎo jiě yīng wén shì gài kuàngjìn 'ér gāo yuè yuè shuǐ píngzài měi zhāng de kāi shǐ fēn zēng jiā liǎo zhōng wén dǎo


  A Study in Scarlet is a detective mystery novel written by Scottish author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, which was first published in 1887. It is the first story to feature the character of Sherlock Holmes, who would later become one of the most famous literary detective characters, with long-lasting interest and appeal. The book's title derives from a speech given by Holmes to his companion Doctor Watson on the nature of his work, in which he describes the story's murder investigation as his "study in scarlet": "There’s the scarlet thread of murder running through the colourless skein of life, and our duty is to unravel it, and isolate it, and expose every inch of it."
  
  Conan Doyle wrote the novel at the age of 27 in less than three weeks. As a general practice doctor in Southsea, England, he had already published short stories in several magazines of the day, such as the periodical London Society. The story was originally titled A Tangled Skein, and was eventually published by Ward Lock & Co. in Beeton's Christmas Annual 1887, after many rejections. The author received £25 in return for the full rights (although Conan Doyle had pressed for a royalty instead). It was illustrated by D. H. Friston. The novel was first published as a book on July 1888 by Ward, Lock & Co., and featured drawings by the author's father, Charles Doyle. A second edition appeared the following year and was illustrated by George Hutchinson; a year later in 1890, J. B. Lippincott & Co. released the first American version. Numerous further editions, translations and dramatisations have appeared since.
  
  The story, and its main character, attracted little public interest when it first appeared. Only 11 complete copies of Beeton's Christmas Annual 1887 are known to exist now and they have considerable value. Although Conan Doyle wrote 56 short stories featuring Holmes, A Study in Scarlet is one of only four full-length novels in the original canon. The novel was followed by The Sign of Four, published in 1890. A Study in Scarlet was the first work of fiction to incorporate the magnifying glass as an investigative tool.
  xiē luò . 'ěr xiān shēng
   nián zài lún dūn xué huò xué shì xué wèi hòujiù dào nèi jìn xiū jūn de xiū chéng zài wán liǎo de chéng hòu jiù bèi pài wǎng nuò sāng lán míng huǒ qiāng tuán chōng dāng jūn zhù zhè tuán dāng shí zhù zhā zài yìn zài hái méi yòu gǎn dào duì qián 'èr 'ā hàn zhàn jiù bào liǎo zài mèng mǎi shàng 'àn de shí hòutīng shuō suǒ shǔ de duì jīng chuān guò shān 'àixiàng qián tǐng jìnshēn jìng liǎosuī rán hái shì gēn zhe qún yàng diào duì de jūn guān gǎn shàng qián píng 'ān dào liǎo kǎn zài zhǎo dào liǎo de tuán shàng dān de xīn zhí
   zhè zhàn gěi duō rén dài lái liǎo shēng qiān róng dàn shì dài gěi de què zhǐ shì xìng zāinàn zài bèi zhuǎn diào dào zhōu hòujiù zhè cān jiā liǎo mài wàng chǎng jué de zhànzài zhè zhàn zhōng de jiān zhōng liǎo jié 'ěr qiāng dàn suì liǎo jiān shāng liǎo suǒ xià miàn de dòng mài ruò shì zhōng yǒng de qín bīng ruì zhuā lái rēng dào duǒ de bèi shàngān quán dài huí yīng guó zhèn lái jiù yào luò dào xiē cán rěn de rén de shǒu zhōng liǎo
  ① jié 'ěr wéi zhǒng bèn zhòng de 'ā hàn qiāng de míng chēnghéng héng zhě zhù
  ② huí jiào shì bīnghéng héng zhě zhù
   chuāngtòng shǐ xíng xiāo zài jiā shàng cháng de niǎn zhuǎn láo dùnshǐ gèng jiā ruò kān shì jiù shāng yuán bèi sòng dào liǎo shū 'ěr de hòu fāng yuànzài de jiàn kāng zhuàng kuàng hǎo zhuǎn lái shì dāng jīng néng gòu zài bìng fáng zhōng shāo shāo zǒu dòngshèn zhì hái néng zài zǒu láng shàng shài huì 'ér tài yáng de shí hòu yòu bìng dǎo liǎorǎn shàng liǎo men yìn shǔ de zhǒng dǎo méi zhèng héng héng shāng hányòu hǎo yuèwǒdōu shì hūn xǐngyǎn yǎn zuì hòu zhōng huī liǎo shén zhìzhú jiàn quán láidàn shì bìng hòu de shēn shí fēn ruòqiáo cuìyīn jīng guò shēng huì zhěn hòujué dìng jiāng sòng huí yīng guó tiān dān shì jiù chéng yùn bīng chuán " ào lún hào " bèi qiǎn sòng huí guó yuè hòu biàn zài máo de tóu dēng 'àn liǎo shí de jiàn kāng shì zāo gāo tòu liǎojīhū dào nán huī de dàn shìhǎo xīn de zhèng gěi liǎo jiǔ yuè de jiàqīshǐ jiāng yǎng shēn
   zài yīng guó qīn yǒusuǒ jiù xiàng kōng yàng de yóuhuò zhě shuō shì xiàng měi tiān shōu shí xiān lìng liù biàn shì de rén yàng xiāo yáo zàizài zhè zhǒng qíng kuàng xià hěn rán jiù bèi yǐn jìn lún dūn zhè shuǐ kēng yīng guó suǒ yòu de yóu mín lǎn hàn yědōu shì huì dào zhè lái de zài lún dūn bīn shàng de jiā gōng zhù liǎo xiē shí hòuguò zhe shū shì yòu fēi cháng liáo de shēng huóqián dào shǒu jiù huā guāng liǎo chāo guò liǎo suǒ néng dān de kāi zhīyīn de jīng qíng kuàng biàn fēi cháng kǒng huāng lái jiǔ jiù kàn liǎo chū lái kāi zhè shì dào xiāng xià yào jiù chè gǎi biàn de shēng huó fāng shì xuǎn dìng liǎo hòu bàn jué xīn kāi zhè jiā gōng lìng zhǎo tài shē chǐ 'ér yòu huà fèi de zhù chù
   jiù zài jué dìng zhè yàng zuò de tiān zhèng zhàn zài lāi 'ān jiǔ mén qián de shí hòu rán yòu rén pāi liǎo pāi de jiān bǎng huí tóu kànyuán lái shì xiǎo tǎn shì zài shí de zhù shǒuzài zhè máng máng rén hǎi de lún dūn chéng zhōng rán néng gòu pèng dào shú rénduì de rén lái shuōquè shì jiàn lìng rén fēi cháng kuài de shì tǎn dāng bìng shì bié yào hǎo de péng yǒudàn xiàn zài jìng qíng xiàng zhāo lái jiàn dào hěn gāo xīng zài kuáng zhī yāo dào hóu běn cān tīng chī fàn shì men jiù tóng chéng chē qián wǎng
   dāng men de chē lín lín chuān guò lún dūn nào jiē dào de shí hòu hěn jīng wèn :“ huá shēng jìn lái gān xiē shénmekàn miàn huáng shòuzhǐ shèng liǎo tóu liǎo。”
   de wēi xiǎn jīng jiǎn dān duì shù liǎo xià de huà hái méi yòu jiǎng wán men jiù dào liǎo mùdì
   tīng wán liǎo de xìng zāo hòulián mǐn shuō:“ lián de jiā huǒ xiàn zài zuò suàn ? " huí shuō:“ xiǎng zhǎo zhù chù suàn jiān jià qián gāo 'ér yòu shū shì xiē de fáng zhī dào zhè wèn néng néng gòu jiě jué。”
   de huǒ bàn shuō:“ zhè zhēn shì guài shìjīn tiān shì 'èr duì shuō zhè yàng huà de rén liǎo。”
   wèn dào:“ tóu shì shuí?”
  “ shì zài yuàn huà yàn shì gōng zuò dejīn tiān zǎo chén hái zài 'āi shēng tàn yīn wéi zhǎo dào liǎo jiān hǎo fáng dàn shì jīn hěn guì rén zhù yòu zhǎo dào rén gēn 。”
   shuō:“ hǎo 'ā guǒ zhēn de yào zhǎo rén zhù de huà dǎo zhèng shì yào zhǎo de rén jué yòu bàn 'ér 'ér zhù yào hǎo de duō。”
   xiǎo tǎn cóng jiǔ bēi shàng hěn jīng wàng zhe shuō:“ hái zhī dào xiē luò · 'ěr fǒu huì yuàn zuò cháng nián xiāng chù de huǒ bàn li。”
  “ wèishénmenán dào yòu shénme hǎo de fāng ?”
  “ ò shì shuō yòu shénme hǎo de fāng zhǐ shì xiǎng shàng yòu xiē guài 'ér héng héng lǎo shì juàn zài yán jiū xiē xué suǒ zhī dǎo shì hěn zhèng pài de rén。”
   shuō:“ shì xué de ?”
  “ shì diǎn qīng zài zuānyán xiē shénme xiāng xìn jīng jiě pōu xuéyòu shì liú de yào shīdàn shì liǎo jiě cóng lái méi yòu tǒng xué guò xué suǒ yán jiū de dōng fēi cháng luàn chéng tǒngbìng qiě hěn dàn shì què lěi liǎo shǎo guài de zhī shí shǐ de jiào shòu gǎn dào jīng 。”
   wèn dào:“ cóng lái méi yòu wèn guò zài zuānyán xiē shénme ?”
  “ méi yòu shì qīng shuō chū xīn huà desuī rán zài gāo xīng de shí hòu shì tāo tāo jué hěn 'ài shuō huà。”
   shuō:“ dǎo yuàn jiàn jiàn guǒ yào bié rén zhù dǎo nìngyuàn gēn hàoxué 'ér yòu chén jìng de rén zhù zài xiàn zài shēn hái jiēshíshòu liǎo chǎo nào zài 'ā hàn jīng cháng gòu liǎo zhǒng wèizhè bèi zài xiǎng shòu liǎo zěn yàng cái néng jiàn dào de zhè wèi péng yǒu ?”
   de tóng bàn huí shuō:“ xiàn zài dìng shì zài huà yàn shì yào me jiù xīng yào me jiù cóng zǎo dào wǎn zài gōng zuò guǒ yuàn de huàzán men chī wán fàn jiù zuò chē kuài 'ér 。”
  “ dāng rán yuàn ! " shuō shì men yòu zhuǎn dào bié de huà shàng
   zài men kāi hóu běn qián wǎng yuàn de shàng tǎn yòu gěi jiǎng liǎo xiē guān wèi xiān shēng de xiáng qíng kuàng
   shuō:“ guǒ chù lái yào guài zhǐ shì zài huà yàn shì 'ǒu rán pèng dào lüè wēi zhī dào xiē wàiduì jiù suǒ zhī liǎo rán zhè me bàn mejiù yào jiào liǎo。”
   huí shuō:“ guǒ men chù láisàn huǒ hěn róng 。 " yòng yǎn jīng dīng zhe de tóng bàn jiē zhe shuō dào,“ tǎn kàn duì zhè jiàn shì yào suō shǒu guǎn liǎo zhōng dìng yòu yuán shì shì zhè rén de zhēn de yàng hái shì yòu bié de yuán yīn yào zhè yàng tūn tūn de。”
   xiào liǎo xiào shuō:“ yào nán xíng róng de shì yòng yán biǎo chū lái zhēn róng kàn 'ěr zhè rén yòu diǎn tài xué huà liǎojīhū jìn lěng xuè de chéng yòu xiǎo cuō zhí jiǎn gěi de péng yǒu cháng cháng yào zhī dàozhè bìng shì chū shénme 'è zhǐ guò shì chū zhǒng zuānyán de dòng yào xiǎng zhèng què liǎo jiě zhè zhǒng yào de tóng xiào guǒ liǎopíng xīn 'ér lùn rèn wéi huì kǒu tūn xià dekàn lái duì què qiē de zhī shí yòu zhe qiáng liè de 'àihào。”
  “ zhè zhǒng jīng shén shì duì de 。”
  “ shì de guò wèi miǎn tài guò fēn liǎohòu lái shèn zhì zài jiě pōu shì yòng gùn chōu shī zhè jìng shì jiàn guài shì 。”
  “ chōu shī !”
  “ shì 'ā shì wèile zhèng míng rén hòu hái néng zào chéng shénme yàng de shāng hén qīn yǎn kàn jiàn guò chōu shī 。”
  “ shì shuō shì xué de ?”
  “ shì tiān xiǎo zài yán jiū xiē shénme dōng xiàn zài zán men dào liǎo dào shì zěn me yàng rén qiáo 。 " shuō zhe men jiù xià liǎo chēzǒu jìn tiáo xiá zhǎi de tóngcóng xiǎo xiǎo de bàng mén jìn lái dào suǒ yuàn de lóuzhè shì suǒ shú de fāng yòng rén lǐng men jiù zǒu shàng liǎo bái shí tái jiēchuān guò tiáo cháng cháng de zǒu lángzǒu láng liǎng shuà xuě báiliǎng bàng yòu duō 'àn de xiǎo ménkào zhe zǒu láng jìn tóu shàng yòu de gǒng xíng guò dàocóng zhè zhí tōng wǎng huà yàn shì
   huà yàn shì shì jiān gāo de miàn luàn bǎi zhe shù de zhāng yòu 'ǎi yòu de zhuō zòng héng pái liè zheshàng biān fàng zhe duō zhēng liú píngshì guǎn xiē shǎn dòng zhe lán huǒ yàn de xiǎo xiǎo de běn shēng dēng zhǐ yòu rén zuò zài jiào yuǎn de zhāng zhuō qián biān zài zhuō shàng jīng huì shén gōng zuò zhe tīng dào men de jiǎo shēnghuí guò tóu lái qiáo liǎo yǎnjiē zhe jiù tiào liǎo láigāo xīng huān zhe:“ xiàn liǎo xiàn liǎo! " duì de tóng bàn shēng shuō zhe miàn shǒu zhe shì guǎn xiàng men páo lái,“ xiàn liǎo zhǒng shì zhǐ néng yòng xuè dàn bái zhì lái chén diànbié dedōu xíng。 " shǐ xiàn liǎo jīn kuàng jiàn huì xiàn zài xiǎn gèng gāo xīng
   tǎn gěi men jiè shào shuō:“ zhè wèi shì huá shēng shēngzhè wèi shì 'ěr xiān shēng。”
  “ nín hǎo。 " 'ěr chéng shuō biān shǐ jìn zhù de shǒu jiǎn zhí néng xiāng xìn huì yòu zhè yàng de
  “ kàn chū láinín dào guò 'ā hàn。”
   chī jīng wèn dào:“ nín zěn me zhī dào de?”
  “ zhè méi yòu shénme, " xiào liǎo xiào,“ xiàn zài yào tán de shì xuè dàn bái zhì de wèn méi yòu wèn nín dìng huì kàn chū zhè xiàn de zhòng yào xìng liǎo ?”
   huí shuō:“ cóng huà xué shàng lái shuō zhè shì hěn yòu dedàn shì zài shí yòng fāng miàn …”
  “ zěn mexiān shēngzhè shì jìn nián lái shí yòng xué shàng zuì zhòng de xiàn liǎonán dào nín hái kàn chū lái zhè zhǒng shì néng shǐ men zài jiàn bié xuè shàng bǎi shī qǐng dào zhè biān lái! " máng zhù de xiù kǒu tuō dào yuán lái gōng zuò de zhāng zhuō de qián miàn。 " zán men nòng diǎn xiān xuè, " shuō zheyòng gēn cháng zhēn de shǒu zhǐzài yòng zhī guǎn liǎo xuè
  “ xiàn zài zhè diǎn 'ér xiān xuè fàng dào gōng shēng shuǐ nín kànzhè zhǒng hùn qīng shuǐ xuè zài zhè zhǒng róng zhōng suǒ zhàn de chéngfèn hái dào bǎi wàn fēn zhī suī rán què xìn zán men hái shì néng gòu dào zhǒng dìng de fǎn yìng。” shuō zhe jiù bái jié jīng fàng jìn zhè róng rán hòu yòu jiā shàng tòu míng de huì 'érzhè róng jiù xiàn chū 'àn hóng liǎo xiē zōng jiàn jiàn chén diàn dào píng shàng
  “ ! " pāi zhuóshǒuxiàng xiǎo hái dào xīn wán yàng xīng gāo cǎi liè hǎn dào,“ nín kàn zěn me yàng?”
   shuō:“ kàn lái zhè dǎo shì zhǒng fēi cháng jīng de shí yàn。”
  “ miào liǎojiǎn zhí miào liǎoguò yòng chuàng shì yàn de fāng nán zuò yòu zhǔn quèyòng xiǎn wēi jìng jiǎn yàn xuè qiú de fāng tóng yàng hǎo guǒ xuè gān liǎo zhōng tóu hòuzài yòng xiǎn wēi jìng lái jiǎn yàn jiù zuò yòng liǎoxiàn zài lùn xuè xīn jiùzhè zhǒng xīn shì kàn láidōu yàng huì shēng zuò yòngjiǎ zhè shì yàn fāng néng zǎo xiē xiàn mexiàn zài shì jiè shàng shù bǎi de xiāo yáo wài de zuì rén zǎo jiù shòu dào de zhì cái liǎo。”
   nán nán shuō dào:“ què shì zhè yàng!”
  “ duō xíng shì fàn zuì 'àn jiàn wǎng wǎng jué zhè diǎn zuì xíng shēng hòu yuè cái néng chá chū xián fànjiǎn chá liǎo de chèn huò zhě hòu xiàn shàng miàn yòu bān diǎnzhè xiē bān diǎn jiū jìng shì xuè hái shì shì tiě xiù hái shì guǒ zhī de hén hái shì shénme dōng zhè shì shǐ duō zhuān jiādōu gǎn dào wéi nán de wèn shì wèishénme jiù shì yīn wéi méi yòu kào de jiǎn yàn fāng xiàn zài men yòu liǎo xiē luò · 'ěr jiǎn yàn hòu jiù huì yòu rèn kùn nán liǎo。”
   shuō huà de shí hòuliǎng yǎn xiǎn jiǒng jiǒng yòu shén zhǐ shǒu 'àn zài xiōng qián liǎo gōnghǎo xiàng shì zài duì duō xiǎng xiàng zhī zhōng zhèng zài zhǎng de guān zhòng zhì xiè shìde
   kàn dào xīng fèn de yàng hěn jué jīng shuō:“ xiàng zhù 。”
  “ nián zài lán fāng shēng guò féng · shǎo 'àn guǒ dāng shí jiù yòu zhè jiǎn yàn fāng de huà me dìng zǎo jiù bèi jiǎo liǎo wài hái yòu lāi fāng de méi sēnchòu míng zhāo zhù de mào péi de luò fěi xīn 'ào 'ěr liáng de sài sēn chū 'èr shí duō 'àn jiànzài zhè xiē 'àn jiàn yòng zhè fāng huì jué dìng xìng de zuò yòng。”
   tǎn jìn xiào lái shuō:“ hǎo xiàng shì fàn zuì 'àn jiàn de huó diǎn zhēn chuàng bàn fèn bào zhǐ míng jiào zuò ' jǐng xīn wén jiù bào '。”
  “ zhè yàng de bào zhǐ dìng hěn yòu wèi。 " 'ěr miàn xiǎo kuài xiàng gāo tiē zài shǒu zhǐ kǒu shàng miàn shuō,“ xiǎo xīn diǎn, " zhuǎn guò liǎn lái duì xiào liǎo xiàojiē zhe yòu shuō,“ yīn wéi cháng jiē chù。” shuō zhe jiù shēn chū shǒu lái gěi kànzhǐ jiàn de shǒu shàng jīhū tiē mǎn liǎo tóng yàng xiǎo de xiàng gāobìng qiě yóu shòu dào qiáng suān de qīn shíshǒu biàn liǎo yán
  “ men dào zhè 'ér lái yòu diǎn shì qíng, " tǎn shuō zhe jiù zuò zài zhǐ sān jiǎo gāo dèng shàngbìng qiě yòng jiǎo lìng zhǐ dèng xiàng zhè biān tuī liǎo tuījiē zhe yòu shuō,“ zhè wèi péng yǒu yào zhǎo zhù chùyīn wéi zhèng bào yuàn zhǎo zhe rén gēn zhùsuǒ xiǎng zhèng hǎo gěi men liǎng rén jiè shào xià。”
   'ěr tīng liǎo yào gēn zhù gǎn dào hěn gāo xīng shuō:“ kàn zhōng liǎo bèi jiē de suǒ gōng shì de fáng duì zán men liǎng rén wán quán shìdàn yuàn nín tǎo yàn qiáng liè de yān cǎo wèi。”
   huí shuō:“ zǒng shì chōu ' chuán ' pái yān de。”
  “ hǎo liǎo cháng cháng gǎo xiē huà xué yào pǐnǒu 'ěr zuò zuò shì yàn tǎo yàn ?”
  “ jué huì。”
  “ ràng xiǎng xiǎng héng héng hái yòu shénme bié de quē diǎn yòu shí xīn qíng hǎo lián tiān kāi kǒuzài zhè zhǒng qíng xíng xiànín yào wéi shì shēng liǎodàn tīng rán jiǔ jiù huì hǎo denín yòu shénme quē diǎn yào shuō shuō liǎng rén zài tóng zhù qiánzuì hǎo néng gòu xiān liǎo jiě liǎo jiě duì fāng de zuì quē diǎn。”
   tīng dào zhè yàng zhuī gēn wèn jìn xiào liǎo lái shuō:“ yǎng liǎo tiáo xiǎo tóu gǒu de shén jīng shòu guò zuì chǎo nàoměi tiān dìng shénme shí hòu chuángbìng qiě fēi cháng lǎnzài shēn jiàn zhuàng de shí hòu hái yòu xiē huài guàndàn shì qián zhù yào de quē diǎn jiù shì zhè xiē liǎo。”
   yòu jíqiè wèn dào:“ nín qín suàn zài chǎo nào fàn wéi nèi ?”
   huí shuō:“ yào kàn qín de rén liǎo qín hǎo zhēn shì xiàng xiānyuè bān de dòng tīngyào shì hǎo de huà……”
   'ěr gāo xīng xiào zhe shuō:“ ā jiù hǎo liǎo guǒ nín duì suǒ fáng hái mǎn de huà xiǎng zán men rèn wéi zhè jiàn shì jiù suàn tán tuǒ liǎo。”
  “ zán men shénme shí hòu kàn kàn fáng ?”
   huí shuō:“ míng tiān zhōng nín xiān dào zhè 'ér lái zhǎo zán men zài qièshì qíng jué dìng xià lái。”
   zhe de shǒu shuō:“ hǎo míng tiān zhōng zhǔn shí jiàn。”
   men zǒu de shí hòu hái zài máng zhe zuò huà xué shì yàn tǎn biàn xiàng suǒ zhù de gōng zǒu
  “ shùn biàn wèn , " rán zhàn zhùzhuǎn guò liǎn lái xiàng tǎn shuō,“ zhēn jiàn guǐ zěn me huì zhī dào shì cóng 'ā hàn huí lái de ?”
   de tóng bàn wèi shēn cháng xiào liǎo xiào shuō:“ zhè jiù shì bié de fāng duō réndōu xiǎng yào zhī dào jiū jìng shì zěn me kàn chū wèn lái de。”
  “ zhè shì hěn shén ? " cuō zhe liǎng shǒu shuō,“ zhēn yòu liǎo hěn gǎn xiè men liǎng rén zài yào zhī dàozhēn shì ' yán jiū rén lèi zuì qiàdàng de jìng hái shì cóng de rén zhuóshǒu '。”
  “ ǹg dìng yán jiū yán jiū , " tǎn zài gào bié de shí hòu shuō,“ dàn shì huì xiàn zhēn shì nán yán jiū de rén gǎn dān bǎo liǎo jiě yào liǎo jiě gāo míng duōzài jiàn !”
   liǎo shēng:“ zài jiàn! " rán hòu jiù màn xiàng zhe de gōng zǒu jué xīn jié shí de zhè péng yǒu fēi cháng yòu


  IN the year 1878 I took my degree of Doctor of Medicine of the University of London, and proceeded to Netley to go through the course prescribed for surgeons in the army. Having completed my studies there, I was duly attached to the Fifth Northumberland Fusiliers as Assistant Surgeon. The regiment was stationed in India at the time, and before I could join it, the second Afghan war had broken out. On landing at Bombay, I learned that my corps had advanced through the passes, and was already deep in the enemy's country. I followed, however, with many other officers who were in the same situation as myself, and succeeded in reaching Candahar in safety, where I found my regiment, and at once entered upon my new duties.
   The campaign brought honours and promotion to many, but for me it had nothing but misfortune and disaster. I was removed from my brigade and attached to the Berkshires, with whom I served at the fatal battle of Maiwand. There I was struck on the shoulder by a Jezail bullet, which shattered the bone and grazed the subclavian artery. I should have fallen into the hands of the murderous Ghazis had it not been for the devotion and courage shown by Murray, my orderly, who threw me across a pack-horse, and succeeded in bringing me safely to the British lines.
   Worn with pain, and weak from the prolonged hardships which I had undergone, I was removed, with a great train of wounded sufferers, to the base hospital at Peshawar. Here I rallied, and had already improved so far as to be able to walk about the wards, and even to bask a little upon the verandah, when I was struck down by enteric fever, that curse of our Indian possessions. For months my life was despaired of, and when at last I came to myself and became convalescent, I was so weak and emaciated that a medical board determined that not a day should be lost in sending me back to England. I was dispatched, accordingly, in the troopship "Orontes," and landed a month later on Portsmouth jetty, with my health irretrievably ruined, but with permission from a paternal government to spend the next nine months in attempting to improve it.
   I had neither kith nor kin in England, and was therefore as free as air -- or as free as an income of eleven shillings and sixpence a day will permit a man to be. Under such circumstances, I naturally gravitated to London, that great cesspool into which all the loungers and idlers of the Empire are irresistibly drained. There I stayed for some time at a private hotel in the Strand, leading a comfortless, meaningless existence, and spending such money as I had, considerably more freely than I ought. So alarming did the state of my finances become, that I soon realized that I must either leave the metropolis and rusticate somewhere in the country, or that I must make a complete alteration in my style of living. Choosing the latter alternative, I began by making up my mind to leave the hotel, and to take up my quarters in some less pretentious and less expensive domicile.
   On the very day that I had come to this conclusion, I was standing at the Criterion Bar, when some one tapped me on the shoulder, and turning round I recognized young Stamford, who had been a dresser under me at Barts. The sight of a friendly face in the great wilderness of London is a pleasant thing indeed to a lonely man. In old days Stamford had never been a particular crony of mine, but now I hailed him with enthusiasm, and he, in his turn, appeared to be delighted to see me. In the exuberance of my joy, I asked him to lunch with me at the Holborn, and we started off together in a hansom.
   "Whatever have you been doing with yourself, Watson?" he asked in undisguised wonder, as we rattled through the crowded London streets. "You are as thin as a lath and as brown as a nut."
   I gave him a short sketch of my adventures, and had hardly concluded it by the time that we reached our destination.
   "Poor devil!" he said, commiseratingly, after he had listened to my misfortunes. "What are you up to now?"
   "Looking for lodgings," I answered. "Trying to solve the problem as to whether it is possible to get comfortable rooms at a reasonable price."
   "That's a strange thing," remarked my companion; "you are the second man to-day that has used that expression to me."
   "And who was the first?" I asked.
   "A fellow who is working at the chemical laboratory up at the hospital. He was bemoaning himself this morning because he could not get someone to go halves with him in some nice rooms which he had found, and which were too much for his purse."
   "By Jove!" I cried, "if he really wants someone to share the rooms and the expense, I am the very man for him. I should prefer having a partner to being alone."
   Young Stamford looked rather strangely at me over his wine-glass. "You don't know Sherlock Holmes yet," he said; "perhaps you would not care for him as a constant companion."
   "Why, what is there against him?"
   "Oh, I didn't say there was anything against him. He is a little queer in his ideas -- an enthusiast in some branches of science. As far as I know he is a decent fellow enough."
   "A medical student, I suppose?" said I.
   "No -- I have no idea what he intends to go in for. I believe he is well up in anatomy, and he is a first-class chemist; but, as far as I know, he has never taken out any systematic medical classes. His studies are very desultory and eccentric, but he has amassed a lot of out-of-the way knowledge which would astonish his professors."
   "Did you never ask him what he was going in for?" I asked.
   "No; he is not a man that it is easy to draw out, though he can be communicative enough when the fancy seizes him."
   "I should like to meet him," I said. "If I am to lodge with anyone, I should prefer a man of studious and quiet habits. I am not strong enough yet to stand much noise or excitement. I had enough of both in Afghanistan to last me for the remainder of my natural existence. How could I meet this friend of yours?"
   "He is sure to be at the laboratory," returned my companion. "He either avoids the place for weeks, or else he works there from morning to night. If you like, we shall drive round together after luncheon."
   "Certainly," I answered, and the conversation drifted away into other channels.
   As we made our way to the hospital after leaving the Holborn, Stamford gave me a few more particulars about the gentleman whom I proposed to take as a fellow-lodger.
   "You mustn't blame me if you don't get on with him," he said; "I know nothing more of him than I have learned from meeting him occasionally in the laboratory. You proposed this arrangement, so you must not hold me responsible."
   "If we don't get on it will be easy to part company," I answered. "It seems to me, Stamford," I added, looking hard at my companion, "that you have some reason for washing your hands of the matter. Is this fellow's temper so formidable, or what is it? Don't be mealy-mouthed about it."
   "It is not easy to express the inexpressible," he answered with a laugh. "Holmes is a little too scientific for my tastes -- it approaches to cold-bloodedness. I could imagine his giving a friend a little pinch of the latest vegetable alkaloid, not out of malevolence, you understand, but simply out of a spirit of inquiry in order to have an accurate idea of the effects. To do him justice, I think that he would take it himself with the same readiness. He appears to have a passion for definite and exact knowledge."
   "Very right too."
   "Yes, but it may be pushed to excess. When it comes to beating the subjects in the dissecting-rooms with a stick, it is certainly taking rather a bizarre shape."
   "Beating the subjects!"
   "Yes, to verify how far bruises may be produced after death. I saw him at it with my own eyes."
   "And yet you say he is not a medical student?"
   "No. Heaven knows what the objects of his studies are. But here we are, and you must form your own impressions about him." As he spoke, we turned down a narrow lane and passed through a small side-door, which opened into a wing of the great hospital. It was familiar ground to me, and I needed no guiding as we ascended the bleak stone staircase and made our way down the long corridor with its vista of whitewashed wall and dun-coloured doors. Near the further end a low arched passage branched away from it and led to the chemical laboratory.
   This was a lofty chamber, lined and littered with countless bottles. Broad, low tables were scattered about, which bristled with retorts, test-tubes, and little Bunsen lamps, with their blue flickering flames. There was only one student in the room, who was bending over a distant table absorbed in his work. At the sound of our steps he glanced round and sprang to his feet with a cry of pleasure. "I've found it! I've found it," he shouted to my companion, running towards us with a test-tube in his hand. "I have found a re-agent which is precipitated by haemoglobin, and by nothing else." Had he discovered a gold mine, greater delight could not have shone upon his features.
   "Dr. Watson, Mr. Sherlock Holmes," said Stamford, introducing us.
   "How are you?" he said cordially, gripping my hand with a strength for which I should hardly have given him credit. "You have been in Afghanistan, I perceive."
   "How on earth did you know that?" I asked in astonishment.
   "Never mind," said he, chuckling to himself. "The question now is about hoemoglobin. No doubt you see the significance of this discovery of mine?"
   "It is interesting, chemically, no doubt," I answered, "but practically ----"
   "Why, man, it is the most practical medico-legal discovery for years. Don't you see that it gives us an infallible test for blood stains. Come over here now!" He seized me by the coat-sleeve in his eagerness, and drew me over to the table at which he had been working. "Let us have some fresh blood," he said, digging a long bodkin into his finger, and drawing off the resulting drop of blood in a chemical pipette. "Now, I add this small quantity of blood to a litre of water. You perceive that the resulting mixture has the appearance of pure water. The proportion of blood cannot be more than one in a million. I have no doubt, however, that we shall be able to obtain the characteristic reaction." As he spoke, he threw into the vessel a few white crystals, and then added some drops of a transparent fluid. In an instant the contents assumed a dull mahogany colour, and a brownish dust was precipitated to the bottom of the glass jar.
   "Ha! ha!" he cried, clapping his hands, and looking as delighted as a child with a new toy. "What do you think of that?"
   "It seems to be a very delicate test," I remarked.
   "Beautiful! beautiful! The old Guiacum test was very clumsy and uncertain. So is the microscopic examination for blood corpuscles. The latter is valueless if the stains are a few hours old. Now, this appears to act as well whether the blood is old or new. Had this test been invented, there are hundreds of men now walking the earth who would long ago have paid the penalty of their crimes."
   "Indeed!" I murmured.
   "Criminal cases are continually hinging upon that one point. A man is suspected of a crime months perhaps after it has been committed. His linen or clothes are examined, and brownish stains discovered upon them. Are they blood stains, or mud stains, or rust stains, or fruit stains, or what are they? That is a question which has puzzled many an expert, and why? Because there was no reliable test. Now we have the Sherlock Holmes' test, and there will no longer be any difficulty."
   His eyes fairly glittered as he spoke, and he put his hand over his heart and bowed as if to some applauding crowd conjured up by his imagination.
   "You are to be congratulated," I remarked, considerably surprised at his enthusiasm.
   "There was the case of Von Bischoff at Frankfort last year. He would certainly have been hung had this test been in existence. Then there was Mason of Bradford, and the notorious Muller, and Lefevre of Montpellier, and Samson of new Orleans. I could name a score of cases in which it would have been decisive."
   "You seem to be a walking calendar of crime," said Stamford with a laugh. "You might start a paper on those lines. Call it the `Police News of the Past.'"
   "Very interesting reading it might be made, too," remarked Sherlock Holmes, sticking a small piece of plaster over the prick on his finger. "I have to be careful," he continued, turning to me with a smile, "for I dabble with poisons a good deal." He held out his hand as he spoke, and I noticed that it was all mottled over with similar pieces of plaster, and discoloured with strong acids.
   "We came here on business," said Stamford, sitting down on a high three-legged stool, and pushing another one in my direction with his foot. "My friend here wants to take diggings, and as you were complaining that you could get no one to go halves with you, I thought that I had better bring you together."
   Sherlock Holmes seemed delighted at the idea of sharing his rooms with me. "I have my eye on a suite in Baker Street," he said, "which would suit us down to the ground. You don't mind the smell of strong tobacco, I hope?"
   "I always smoke `ship's' myself," I answered.
   "That's good enough. I generally have chemicals about, and occasionally do experiments. Would that annoy you?"
   "By no means."
   "Let me see -- what are my other shortcomings. I get in the dumps at times, and don't open my mouth for days on end. You must not think I am sulky when I do that. Just let me alone, and I'll soon be right. What have you to confess now? It's just as well for two fellows to know the worst of one another before they begin to live together."
   I laughed at this cross-examination. "I keep a bull pup," I said, "and I object to rows because my nerves are shaken, and I get up at all sorts of ungodly hours, and I am extremely lazy. I have another set of vices when I'm well, but those are the principal ones at present."
   "Do you include violin-playing in your category of rows?" he asked, anxiously.
   "It depends on the player," I answered. "A well-played violin is a treat for the gods -- a badly-played one ----"
   "Oh, that's all right," he cried, with a merry laugh. "I think we may consider the thing as settled -- that is, if the rooms are agreeable to you."
   "When shall we see them?"
   "Call for me here at noon to-morrow, and we'll go together and settle everything," he answered.
   "All right -- noon exactly," said I, shaking his hand.
   We left him working among his chemicals, and we walked together towards my hotel.
   "By the way," I asked suddenly, stopping and turning upon Stamford, "how the deuce did he know that I had come from Afghanistan?"
   My companion smiled an enigmatical smile. "That's just his little peculiarity," he said. "A good many people have wanted to know how he finds things out."
   "Oh! a mystery is it?" I cried, rubbing my hands. "This is very piquant. I am much obliged to you for bringing us together. `The proper study of mankind is man,' you know."
   "You must study him, then," Stamford said, as he bade me good-bye. "You'll find him a knotty problem, though. I'll wager he learns more about you than you about him. Good-bye."
   "Good-bye," I answered, and strolled on to my hotel, considerably interested in my new acquaintance.
èr  yǎn
  àn zhào 'ěr de 'ān pái men 'èr tiān yòu jiàn liǎo miànbìng qiě dào shàng jiàn miàn shí suǒ tán dào de bèi jiē hào kàn liǎo fáng zhè suǒ fáng gòng yòu liǎng jiān shū shì de shì jiān kuān chǎng 'ér yòu kōng liú chàng de shìshì nèi chén shè néng shǐ rén gǎn jué kuàihái yòu liǎng kuān de chuāng yīn nèi guāng xiàn chōng fēi cháng míng liàng lùn cóng fāng miàn lái shuōzhè xiē fáng jiān dōuhěn lìng rén mǎn men fēn hòu jīn biàn gèng shì liǎoyīn men jiù dāng chǎng chéng jiāo liǎo xià láidāng wǎn jiù shōu shí xíng náng cóng gōng bān liǎo jìn 'èr tiān zǎo chén 'ěr gēn zhe zhǐ xiāng xíng bāo bān liǎo jìn lái men kāi xíng náng zhì chén shè zhí máng liǎo liǎng tiānjìn néng 'ān pái tuǒ shàn hòu men jiù zhú jiàn 'ān dìng xià láiduì zhè xīn huán jìng màn màn shú lái liǎo
   shuō shí zài de 'ěr bìng shì nán xiāng chù de rén wéi rén chén jìngshēng huó guàn hěn yòu guī měi wǎn hěn shǎo zài shí diǎn hòu hái shuì juézǎo chén zǒng shì zài chuáng zhī qián jiù chī wán zǎo fàn chū liǎoyòu shí zhěng tiān de shí jiān xiāo zài huà yàn shì huò shì zài jiě pōu shì ǒu 'ěr xíng dào hěn yuǎn de fāng suǒ de fāng hǎo xiàng shì lún dūn chéng de píng mín dàizài gāo xīng gōng zuò de shí hòujué méi yòu rén néng shàng fèn wàng shèng de jīng shì cháng cháng huì shàng lái xiāng fǎn de jìn tóuzhěng tiān tǎng zài shì de shā shàngcóng zǎo dào wǎnjīhū yán dòng dòngměi féng zhè yàng de shí hòu zǒng kàn dào de yǎn yòu zhe me zhǒng máng rán ruò shī de shén ruò shì píng shēng huó yán jǐn 'ér yòu jié zhì zhēn yào xīn yòu zuì de yǐn liǎo
   xīng guò liǎo duì zhè rén de xīng duì de shēng huó mùdì zài de hǎo xīn jiā shēn de xiàngmào wài biǎozhà jiàn zhī xià jiù yǐn rén zhù yòu liù yīng chǐ duō gāoshēn cháng shòuxuēyīn xiǎn wài cháng guāng ruì máng rán ruò shī de shí hòu chú wài); cháng de yīng gōu shǐ de xiàngmào xiǎn wài jǐngguǒ duànxià 'è fāng zhèng 'ér chūshuō míng shì fēi cháng yòu de rén de liǎng shǒu suī rán bān bān diǎn diǎn zhān mǎn liǎo shuǐ huà xué yào pǐndàn shì dòng zuò què xún cháng shú liànzǎi yīn wéi bǎi nòng xiē jīng zhì suì de huà yàn píng shí cháng cháng zài bàng guān chá zhe
   guǒ chéng rèn 'ěr zhè rén yǐn liǎo de hǎo xīn shí shí xiǎng shè gōng shǐ kǒu tán de jiān lěi me zhě yào rèn wéi shì jiù yào de duō shì guǐ dàn shìzài nín xià zhè yàng de jié lùn qiánqǐng fáng xiǎng xiǎng de shēng huó shì duō me kōng liáozài zhè yàng de shēng huó zhōngnéng gòu yǐn zhù de shì yòu shì duō me chú fēi shì tiān bié qíng de jiàn kāng qíng kuàng yòu yǔn dào wài miàn tóng shí yòu méi yòu shénme hǎo yǒu lái fǎng dān diào de cháng shēng huózài zhè zhǒng qíng kuàng xià rán jiù duì wéi rào zài huǒ bàn zhōu wéi de zhè xiǎo xiǎo de shēng liǎo de xīng bìng qiě fēn shí jiān xiāo zài shè jiē chuān zhè shàng
   bìng shì zài yán jiū xuézài huí de wèn de shí hòu zhèng shí liǎo tǎn zài zhè diǎn shàng de shuō shì zhèng què de xiàng shì wèile huò xué xué wèi 'ér zài yán jiū rèn xué xiàng shì zài cǎi rèn bān de jìngshǐ néng gòu jìn xué shù jièrán 'ér duì mǒu xiē fāng miàn yán jiū gōng zuò de chén què shì jīng rén dezài xiē guài de zhī shí lǐng nèi de xué shí què shì cháng de yuān yīn wǎng wǎng chū jīng rénkěn dìng shuō guǒ shì wèile mǒu zhǒng dìng de mùdì rén jué huì zhè yàng xīn qín gōng zuò qiú huò zhè yàng què qiē de zhī shí deyīn wéi màn biāo shū de rén men de zhī shí hěn nán shì fēi cháng jīng zhàn dechú fēi shì wèile mǒu zhǒng chōng fēn de yóufǒu jué huì yòu rén yuàn zài duō wēi jié shàng zhè yàng huā fèi jīng
   de zhī shí de miànzhèng de zhī shí fēng de miàn tóng yàng jīng rénguān xiàn dài wén xuézhé xué zhèng zhì fāng miàn jīhū suǒ zhīdāng yǐn yòng tuō · lāi 'ěr de wén zhāng de shí hòu shǎ shǎ píng wèn lāi 'ěr jiū jìng shì shénme rén gān guò xiē shénme shì qíngzuì shǐ jīng zhǐ de shì zhōng xiàn jìng rán duì bái xué shuō tài yáng de gòu chéng quán rán jiědāng shí jiǔ shì yòu zhī shí de rén rán zhī dào qiú rào zhe tài yáng yùn xíng de dào zhè jiàn guài shì jiǎn zhí lìng nán jiě
   kàn dào chī jīng de yàng jué wēi xiào zhe shuō:“ gǎn dào chī jīng shǐ dǒng zhè xiē yào jìn wàng diào。”
  “ wàng diào!”
   jiě shì dào:“ yào zhī dào rèn wéi rén de nǎo běn lái xiàng jiān kōng kōng de xiǎo lóuyīnggāi yòu xuǎn xiē jiā zhuāng jìn zhǐ yòu shǎ guā cái huì pèng dào de zhǒng yàng de làn suì nǎo 'ér zhuāng jìn zhè yàng lái xiē duì yòu yòng de zhī shí fǎn 'ér bèi liǎo chū láihuò zhězuì duō guò shì duō de dōng càn zài yīn zài yòng de shí hòu jiù gǎn dào kùn nán liǎosuǒ huì gōng zuò de rénzài xuǎn yào xiē dōng zhuāng jìn de jiān xiǎo lóu shìde tóu nǎo zhōng de shí hòu què shí shì fēi cháng zǎi xiǎo xīn dechú liǎo gōng zuò zhōng yòu yòng de gōng wài shénme dài jìn ér zhè xiē gōng yòu yàng yàng bèiyòu tiáo yòu guǒ rèn wéi zhè jiān xiǎo lóu de qiáng yòu tánxìng rèn shēn suō jiù cuò liǎoqǐng xiāng xìn de huàzǒng yòu tiāndāng zēng jiā xīn zhī shí de shí hòu jiù huì qián suǒ shú de dōng wàng liǎosuǒ zuì yào jǐn de shì yào ràng xiē yòng de zhī shí yòu yòng de chū 。”
  ① héng): yīng guó sǎnwén jiā shǐ xué jiā zhé xué jiāzhù yòuyīng xióng yīng xióng chóng bàiděng shūhéng héng zhě zhù
   fēn biàn shuō:“ shì shì tài yáng de wèn 'ā!”
   nài fán duàn de huà shuō:“ zhè yòu yòu shénme xiāng gān shuō zán men shì rào zhe tài yáng zǒu de shì shǐ zán men rào zhe yuè liàng zǒuzhè duì huò zhě duì de gōng zuò yòu yòu shénme guān ?”
   jīhū jiù yào wèn de gōng zuò jiū jìng shì shénme de shí hòu cóng de tài zhōng kàn chū láizhè wèn huì yǐn de gāo xīng shì biàn men de duǎn duǎn tán huà kǎo liǎo fānjìn xiǎng cóng zhè biān chū xiē tuī lùn de xiàn suǒ lái shuō yuàn zhuī qiú xiē suǒ yán jiū de dōng guān de zhī shíyīn suǒ yòu de qiē zhī shídāng rán dōushì duì yòu yòng de liǎo jiù zài xīn zhōng suǒ liǎo jiě bié shēn de xué liè chū láiér qiě yòng qiān xiě liǎo chū láixiě wán liǎo kàn rěn zhù xiào liǎoyuán lái shì zhè yàng
   xiē luò · 'ěr de xué shí fàn wéi
   wén xué zhī shí héng héng zhé xué zhī shí héng héng tiān wén xué zhī shí héng héng xué zhī shí héng héng qiǎn
   zhí xué zhī shí héng héng quán miàndàn duì láng xu zhì piàn què zhī zhī shèn xiángduì yòu bān de liǎo jiěér duì shí yòng yuán xué què suǒ zhī
   zhì xué zhī shí héng héng piān shí yòngdàn yòu xiàndàn yǎn jiù néng fēn biàn chū tóng de zhì zài sàn huí lái hòucéng jiàn zài de shàng de diǎn gěi kànbìng qiě néng gēn diǎn de yán jiān shí chéng shuō míng shì zài lún dūn shénme fāng jiàn shàng de
   huà xué zhī shí héng héng jīng shēnjiě pōu xué zhī shí héng héng zhǔn quèdàn tǒng
   jīng xiǎn wén xué héng héng hěn guǎng duì jìn shì zhōng shēng de qiē kǒng shì jiàn shēn zhī
  1 qín hěn hǎo。11. shàn shǐ gùn bàng jīng dāo jiàn quán shù。12. guān yīng guó fāng miàn yòu chōng fēn shí yòng de zhī shí
   xiě liǎo zhè xiē tiáohěn jué shī wàng rēng zài huǒ yán shuō:“ guǒ zhè xiē běn lǐng lián lái qiú zhǎo chū zhǒng yào suǒ yòu zhè xiē běn lǐng de hángyè láidàn jiēguǒ bìng néng nòng qīng zhè wèi lǎo xiōng jiū jìng zài gǎo xiē shénme de huà hái shàng fàng zhè zhǒng wéi miào。”
   zài qián miàn céng dào guò qín de běn shì qín hěn chū dàn xiàng de běn lǐng yàngyòu xiē guài chū zhī chù shēn zhī néng chū xiē qǔzǐér qiě hái shì xiē hěn nán de qǔzǐyīn wéi zài de qǐng qiú zhī xià céng jīng wèiwǒ guò zhī mén 'ěr sōng de duǎn xiē suǒ 'ài de qǔzǐ shì dāng rén de shí hòu jiù nán huì chū shénme xiàng yàng de yuèqǔ huò shì jiā suǒ shú de diào liǎohuáng hūn shí kào zài shǒu shàng shàng yǎn jīngxìn shǒu dàn nòng zhe píng fàng zài shàng de qínyòu shí qín shēng gāo kàng 'ér yōu yòu shí yòu guài 'ér huān chàngxiǎn ránzhè xiē qín shēng fǎn yìng liǎo dāng shí zhī pèi zhe de mǒu zhǒng cháo guò zhè xiē qǔdiào shì fǒu zhùzhǎng liǎo de zhè zhǒng cháohuò zhě jǐn jǐn shì shí xīng zhī suǒ zhì jiù duàn yán liǎoduì de xiē 'ěr de zòu gǎn dào shí fēn nài fán guǒ shì cháng cháng zài zhè xiē qǔzǐ zhī hòujiē lián shàng zhī 'ài de qǔzǐzuò wéi duì nài xīn de xiǎo xiǎo cháng zhēn yào bào tiào lái
   zài tóu liǎng xīng zhōngméi yòu rén lái bài fǎng men céng wéi de huǒ bàn xiàng yàng líng líng de méi yòu péng yǒu shì jiǔ jiù xiàn yòu duō xiāng shíér qiě shì lái shè huì shàng jiǒng rán tóng de jiē céng de zhōng yòu rén miàn huángzhāng tóu shǔ shēng zhe shuāng hēi de yǎn jīngjīng 'ěr jiè shào zhī dào jiào léi chuí xiān shēngzhè rén měi xīng yào lái sān tiān zǎo shàngyòu shí máo de nián qīng niàn lái liǎozuò liǎo bàn duō zhōng tóu cái zǒudāng tiān xià yòu lái liǎo tóu huī bái shān lán de rénmúyàng 'ér hěn xiàng yóu tài xiǎo fàn de shén qíng fēi cháng jǐn zhāngshēn hòu hái jǐn gēn zhe de lǎo rénhái yòu báifà shēn shì bài fǎng liǎo de huǒ bànlìng wài huí chuānzhuó mián róng de huǒ chē shàng de chá fáng lái zhǎo měi dāng zhè xiē de rén chū xiàn de shí hòuxiē luò · 'ěr zǒng shì qǐng qiú ràng shǐ yòng pǐn shì zhǐ hǎo huí dào de shì yīn wéi gěi dài lái zhè yàng de biàncháng cháng xiàng dào qiàn shuō:“ yòng zhè jiān shì zuò wéi bàn gōng de fāngzhè xiē réndōu shì de 。 " zhè yòu zhǎo dào liǎo dān dāo zhí xiàng chū wèn de hǎo huìdàn shìwèile jǐn shèn jiàn yòu méi yòu miǎnqiǎng duì zhēn qíng dāng shí xiǎng tán chū de zhí dìng yòu mǒu zhǒng zhòng yóudàn shì jiǔ jiù zhù dòng tán dào liǎo zhè wèn liǎo yuán lái de xiǎng
   hěn qīng chǔ shì sān yuè píng shí zǎo liǎo xiē xiàn 'ěr hái méi yòu chī wán zǎo cānfáng dōng tài tài xiàng zhī dào yòu wǎn de guànyīn cān zhuō shàng méi yòu 'ān pái de zuò wèi de fèn fēi méi yòu bèi hǎo shí méi yòu dào huǒ lái 'àn língjiǎn jié gào fáng dōng tài tài zhǔn bèi zǎo cān shì cóng zhuō shàng běn zhì fān fānjiè xiāo děng dài de shí jiānér de tóng bàn què shēng xiǎng zhǐ guǎn jiáo zhe de miàn bāo zhì shàng yòu wén zhāngbiāo xià miàn yòu rén huà liǎo qiān dào rán 'ér rán jiù xiān kàn liǎo zhè
   wén zhāng de biāo yòu xiē kuā jiào zuò shénme " shēng huó bǎo jiàn "。 zhè piān wén zhāng shuō míng shàn guān chá de rén guǒ duì suǒ jiē chù de shì jiā jīng què 'ér tǒng guān chá jiāng yòu duō me de shōu huò jué zhè piān wén zhāng hěn chūsuī yòu jīng míng dào zhī chùdàn wèi miǎn huāng táng xiàozài lùn shàng yán 'ér jǐn còudàn shì zài lùn duàn shàng kàn láiquè wèi miǎn qiānqiǎng huìkuā zuò zhě shēng chēngcóng rén shùn zhī jiān de biǎo qíng ròu de měi qiān dòng yǎn jīng de měi zhuàndòngdōukě tuī chū nèi xīn shēn chù de xiǎng láigēn zuò zhě de shuō duì zài guān chá fēn shàng yòu duàn liàn de rén lái shuō
  “ piàn " shì néng de shì suǒ zuò chū de jié lùn zhēn 'ōu de dìng yàng de zhǔn quèér zhè xiē jié lùnzài xiē mén wài hàn kàn láiquè shí jīng rénzài men nòng míng bái suǒ dào zhè yàng jié lùn de zhòu qián men zhēn huì dāng zuò wèi xiān zhī de shén rén
   zuò zhě shuō:“ luó ji xué jiā qīn yǎn jiàn dào huò zhě tīng shuō guò yáng huò jiā néng cóng shuǐ shàng tuī chū yòu néng cún zàisuǒ zhěng shēng huó jiù shì tiáo de liàn tiáozhǐ yào jiàn dào zhōng de huánzhěng liàn tiáo de qíng kuàng jiù tuī xiǎng chū lái liǎotuī duàn fēn de xué xiàng yàngzhǐ yòu jīng guò cháng nài xīn de zuānyán cái néng zhǎng rén men suī rán jìn shēng jīng wèi néng gòu dào dēng fēng zào de chū xué de rénzài zhuóshǒu yán jiū kùn nán de yòu guān shì de jīng shén xīn fāng miàn de wèn qián fáng xiān cóng zhǎng jiào qiǎn xiǎn de wèn shǒu dào liǎo rén zhī jiān jiù yào biàn shí chū zhè rén de shǐ zhí zhè yàng de duàn liànkàn lái hǎo xiàng yòu zhì liáodàn shì què néng gòu shǐ rén de guān chá néng biàn mǐn ruì láibìng qiě jiào dǎo rén menyīnggāi cóng guān cháyīnggāi guān chá xiē shénme rén de shǒu zhǐ jiá xiùxuē de gài fēn zhǐ shí zhǐ zhī jiān de jiǎn biǎo qíngchèn xiù kǒu děng děng lùn cóng shàng suǒ shuō de diǎndōunéng míng bái xiǎn chū de zhí lái guǒ zhè xiē qíng xíng lián láihái néng shǐ 'àn jiàn de diào chá rén huǎng rán lǐng jīhū shì nán xiǎng xiàng de shì liǎo。”
   dào zhè jìn zhì wǎng zhuō shàng diū shēng shuō dào:“ zhēn shì fèi huà lián piān bèi méi yòu jiàn guò zhè yàng liáo de wén zhāng。”
  “ piān wén zhāng? " 'ěr wèn dào
  “ jiù shì zhè piān wén zhāng。 " miàn zuò xià lái chī zǎo cān miàn yòng xiǎo chí zhǐ zhe piān wén zhāng shuō,“ xiǎng jīng guò liǎoyīn wéi zài xià biān hái huà yòu qiān dào bìng fǒu rèn zhè piān wén zhāng xiěde hěn piào liàngdàn shì liǎo zhī hòuhái shì miǎn yào shēng xiǎn ránzhè shì wèi bǎo shí zhōng suǒ shì shì de lǎn hànzuò zài de shū fáng mén zào chē kōng xiǎng chū lái de tào shì 'ér fēi de miào lùn diǎn bùqiè shí dǎo yuàn shì shì guān jìn xià huǒ chē de sān děng chē xiāng jiào tóng chē rén de zhí gèdōu shuō chū lái yuàn gēn qiān duì de zhù xíng。”
  “ jiù shū liǎo, " 'ěr 'ān xiáng shuō,“ piān shì xiě de。”
  “ shì !”
  “ duì zài guān chá tuī liǎng fāng miàn yòu shū de cái néng zài zhè piān wén zhāng suǒ chū de xiē lùnzài kàn lái zhēn shì huāng miù jué lún shí què fēi cháng shí shí dào zhè yàng chéng shèn zhì jiù shì kào zhe zhèng zhè fèn gān lào huómiàn bāo de。”
  “ zěn yàng kào shēng huó ? " jìn wèn dào
  “ ā yòu de zhí xiǎng quán shì jiè shàng gān zhè xíng zhí de rén kǒng zhǐ yòu shì ' xún zhēn tàn ', néng gòu jiě zhè shì shénme hángyè zài zhè lún dūn chéng zhōngyòu duō guān fāng zhēn tàn rén zhēn tànzhè xiē rén dào kùn nán de shí hòu jiù lái zhǎo jiù shè men yǐn zhèng guǐ men suǒ yòu de zhèng gōng gěi bān shuō lái wǒdōu néng zhe duì fàn zuì shǐ de zhī shí men de cuò jiū zhèng guò láifàn zuì xíng wéi dōuyòu fēi cháng lèi shìde fāng guǒ duì qiān 'àn de xiáng qíng jié dōunéng liǎo zhǐ zhǎngér duì qiān líng jiàn 'àn jìng néng jiě shì de huà cái shì guài shì liléi chuí shì wèi zhù míng de zhēn tànzuì jìn zài zhuāng wěi zào 'àn zhuì zhōngsuǒ cái lái zhǎo 。”
  “ hái yòu lìng wài xiē rén ?”
  “ men duō bàn shì yóu rén zhēn tàn zhǐ diǎn lái dedōushì dào xiē fán wèn yào bié rén jiā zhǐ yǐn de zǎi tīng men de shì shí jīng guò men tīng de jiànzhè yàngfèi yòng jiù zhuāng jìn de kǒu dài liǎo。”
   shuō:“ de shì shuōbié rén suī rán qīn yǎn zhǒng jiédàn dōuwú jiě juéér chū què néng jiě shì mǒu xiē nán wèn ?”
  “ zhèng shì yīn wéi yòu me zhǒng yòng zhí jué fēn shì de néng jiànhuò huì dào jiàn shāo wēi de 'àn jiàn me jiù bēn fānqīn chū zhēn chá zhī dào yòu duō shū de zhī shí zhè xiē zhī shí yìng yòng dào 'àn jiàn shàng jiù néng shǐ wèn yíng rèn 'ér jiě piān wén zhāng suǒ dào de diǎn tuī duàn suī céng de shàn xiàodàn zài shí gōng zuò zhōngduì què yòu zhe de jià zhíguān chá néng shì de 'èr tiān xìngzán men chū huì miàn shí jiù duì shuō guò shì cóng 'ā hàn lái de dāng shí hǎo xiàng hái hěn jīng li。”
  “ méi wèn dìng yòu rén gào guò 。”
  “ méi yòu huí shì dāng shí kàn jiù zhī dào shì cóng 'ā hàn lái deyóu cháng jiǔ lái de guàn liè de suǒ fēi lüè guò de nǎo yīn zài chū jié lùn shíjìng wèi jué chá chū jié lùn suǒ jīng de zhòudàn shìzhè zhōng jiān shì yòu zhe dìng de zhòu dezài zhè jiàn shì shàng de tuī guò chéng shì zhè yàng de zhè wèi xiān shēng yòu gōng zuò zhě de fēng dàn què shì jūn rén gài mexiǎn jiàn shì jūn shì gāng cóng dài huí láiyīn wéi liǎn yǒu hēidàn shìcóng shǒu wàn de hēi bái fēn míng kàn láizhè bìng shì yuán lái de miàn róng qiáo cuìzhè jiù qīng chǔ shuō míng shì jiǔ bìng chū 'ér yòu jìn liǎo jiān zuǒ shòu guò shāngxiàn zài dòng zuò pǐn lái hái yòu xiē jiāng yìng biànshì wèn yīng guó de jūn zài dài fāng jìn jiān bìng qiě guò shāngzhè néng zài shénme fāng rán zhǐ yòu zài 'ā hàn liǎo。 ' zhè lián chuàn de xiǎng shí dào miǎo zhōngyīn biàn tuō kǒu shuō chū shì cóng 'ā hàn lái de dāng shí hái gǎn dào jīng li。”
   wēi xiào zhe shuō:“ tīng zhè yàng jiě shìzhè jiàn shì hái shì xiāng dāng jiǎn dān de shǐ xiǎng 'āi jiā · ài lún · de zuò pǐn zhōng de zhēn tàn rén bān lái liǎo zhēn xiǎng dào chú liǎo xiǎo shuō wàishí shàng jìng huì zhēn yòu zhè yàng rén cún zài。”
   'ěr zhàn liǎo láidiǎn rán de yān dǒu shuō:“ dìng wéi bān xiāng bìng lùn jiù shì chēng zàn liǎo shìzài kàn lái bān shí zài shì wēi dào de jiā huǒ xiān jìng zhōngrán hòu cái rán dào de péng yǒu de xīn shìzhè zhǒng jìliǎng wèi miǎn guò zuò zuòguò qiǎn liǎo cuò yòu xiē fēn wèn de tiān cáidàn jué shì 'ài lún · xiǎng xiàng zhōng de fēi fán rén 。”
   wèn dào:“ guò jiā 'ào de zuò pǐn duì gāo zhè rén de píng jià suàn shàng zhēn tàn me?”
   'ěr qīng miè hēng liǎo shēng 'è shēng 'è píng shuō dào:“ gāo shì zhōng yòng de bèn dàn zhǐ yòu jiàn shì hái zhí jiù shì de jīng běn shū jiǎn zhí shǐ tòu liǎoshū zhōng de zhù zhǐ shì tán dào zěn yàng biàn shí zhī míng de zuì fàn néng zài 'èr shí xiǎo shí zhī nèi jiě jué zhè yàng de wèn shì gāo què fèi liǎo liù yuè zuǒ yòu de gōng yòu zhè me cháng de shí jiānzhēn gěi zhēn tàn men xiě chū běn jiào shū liǎojiào dǎo jiào dǎo men yīngdāng miǎn xiē shénme。”
   tīng dào suǒ qīn pèi de liǎng rén shuō chéng zhè yàng wén zhíxīn zhōng gǎn dào fēi cháng nǎo biàn zǒu dào chuāng kǒuwàng zhe nào de jiē dào yán shuō:“ zhè rén fēi cháng cōng míngdàn shì què tài jiāo 'ào liǎo。”
  ① āi jiā · ài lún · EdgarAllanPoe( héng): měi guó xiǎo shuō jiāzhù yòu jiē xiōng shā 'ànděng zhēn tàn xiǎo shuōhéng héng zhě zhù
  ② bān wéi 'ài lún · suǒ xiě jiē xiōng shā 'àn shū zhōng zhī zhùjuéhéng héng zhě zhù
   mǎn bào yuàn zhe shuō:“ zhè xiē tiān lái zhí méi yòu zuì 'àn shēng méi yòu xiàn shénme zuì fàngān men zhè xíng de réntóu nǎo zhēn shì méi yòng liǎo shēn zhī de cái néng shǐ chéng míngcóng dào jīncóng lái méi yòu rén xiàng zhè yàngzài zhēn chá zuì xíng shàng yòu tiān yòu yòu zhè yàng jīng zhàn de yán jiū shì jiēguǒ zěn yàng jìng méi yòu zuì 'àn zhēn chádǐng duō guò shì xiē jiǎn dān yòu zhì de zuì 'ànfàn zuì dòng qiǎn xiǎn jiànjiù lián lán chǎng de rén yuán néng yǎn shí 。 "①
   duì zhè zhǒng yán cán de tán huà wèi xiǎng zuì hǎo hái shì huàn huà
  “ zhī dào zhè rén zài zhǎo shénme? " zhǐ zhe kuí wěi zhe de rén shuō zhèng zài jiē biān màn màn zǒu zhejiāo xún zhǎo zhe mén pái hào de shǒu zhōng zhe lán xìn fēngfēn míng shì sòng xìn de rén
   'ěr shuō:“ shì shuō tuì de hǎi jūn zhàn duì de jūn cáo ?”
   xīn zhōng 'àn 'àn xiǎng dào:“ yòu zài chuī niú shuō huà liǎo míng zhī méi zhèng shí de cāi shì fǒu zhèng què。”
   zhè niàn tóu hái méi yòu cóng de nǎo zhōng xiāo shìzhǐ jiàn men suǒ guān chá de rén kàn dào liǎo men de mén pái hào hòujiù cóng jiē duì miàn fēi kuài páo liǎo guò láizhǐ tīng jiàn zhèn de qiāo mén shēnglóu xià yòu rén yòng chén de shēng yīn jiǎng zhe huàjiē zhe lóu shàng biàn xiǎng liǎo chén zhòng de jiǎo shēng
   zhè rén zǒu jìn fáng láibiàn fēng xìn jiāo gěi liǎo de péng yǒu shuō
  “ zhè shì gěi 'ěr xiān shēng de xìn。”
   zhè zhèng shì 'ěr de 'ào cuò zhé xià de hǎo huì fāng cái xìn kǒu shuōjué méi xiǎng dào huì yòu qián zhè jìn liàng yòng wēn de shēng yīn shuō dào:“ xiǎo huǒ qǐng wèn de zhí shì shénme?”
  ① lán chǎng ScotlandYard wéi lún dūn tīng zhī bié mínghéng héng zhě zhù
  “ shì dāng chā dexiān shēng, " rén shēng píng huí shuō,“ de xiū liǎo。”
  “ guò shì gànshénme de? " miàn wèn miàn lüè dài 'è piǎo liǎo tóng bàn yǎn
  “ jūn cáoxiān shēng zài huáng jiā hǎi jūn zhàn qīng bīng duì zhōng guòxiān shēngméi yòu huí xìn hǎo xiān shēng。”
   pèng liǎo xià jiǎo gēn shǒu jìng rán hòu zǒu liǎo chū


  WE met next day as he had arranged, and inspected the rooms at No. 221B, Baker Street, of which he had spoken at our meeting. They consisted of a couple of comfortable bed-rooms and a single large airy sitting-room, cheerfully furnished, and illuminated by two broad windows. So desirable in every way were the apartments, and so moderate did the terms seem when divided between us, that the bargain was concluded upon the spot, and we at once entered into possession. That very evening I moved my things round from the hotel, and on the following morning Sherlock Holmes followed me with several boxes and portmanteaus. For a day or two we were busily employed in unpacking and laying out our property to the best advantage. That done, we gradually began to settle down and to accommodate ourselves to our new surroundings.
   Holmes was certainly not a difficult man to live with. He was quiet in his ways, and his habits were regular. It was rare for him to be up after ten at night, and he had invariably breakfasted and gone out before I rose in the morning. Sometimes he spent his day at the chemical laboratory, sometimes in the dissecting-rooms, and occasionally in long walks, which appeared to take him into the lowest portions of the City. Nothing could exceed his energy when the working fit was upon him; but now and again a reaction would seize him, and for days on end he would lie upon the sofa in the sitting-room, hardly uttering a word or moving a muscle from morning to night. On these occasions I have noticed such a dreamy, vacant expression in his eyes, that I might have suspected him of being addicted to the use of some narcotic, had not the temperance and cleanliness of his whole life forbidden such a notion.
   As the weeks went by, my interest in him and my curiosity as to his aims in life, gradually deepened and increased. His very person and appearance were such as to strike the attention of the most casual observer. In height he was rather over six feet, and so excessively lean that he seemed to be considerably taller. His eyes were sharp and piercing, save during those intervals of torpor to which I have alluded; and his thin, hawk-like nose gave his whole expression an air of alertness and decision. His chin, too, had the prominence and squareness which mark the man of determination. His hands were invariably blotted with ink and stained with chemicals, yet he was possessed of extraordinary delicacy of touch, as I frequently had occasion to observe when I watched him manipulating his fragile philosophical instruments.
   The reader may set me down as a hopeless busybody, when I confess how much this man stimulated my curiosity, and how often I endeavoured to break through the reticence which he showed on all that concerned himself. Before pronouncing judgment, however, be it remembered, how objectless was my life, and how little there was to engage my attention. My health forbade me from venturing out unless the weather was exceptionally genial, and I had no friends who would call upon me and break the monotony of my daily existence. Under these circumstances, I eagerly hailed the little mystery which hung around my companion, and spent much of my time in endeavouring to unravel it.
   He was not studying medicine. He had himself, in reply to a question, confirmed Stamford's opinion upon that point. Neither did he appear to have pursued any course of reading which might fit him for a degree in science or any other recognized portal which would give him an entrance into the learned world. Yet his zeal for certain studies was remarkable, and within eccentric limits his knowledge was so extraordinarily ample and minute that his observations have fairly astounded me. Surely no man would work so hard or attain such precise information unless he had some definite end in view. Desultory readers are seldom remarkable for the exactness of their learning. No man burdens his mind with small matters unless he has some very good reason for doing so.
   His ignorance was as remarkable as his knowledge. Of contemporary literature, philosophy and politics he appeared to know next to nothing. Upon my quoting Thomas Carlyle, he inquired in the naivest way who he might be and what he had done. My surprise reached a climax, however, when I found incidentally that he was ignorant of the Copernican Theory and of the composition of the Solar System. That any civilized human being in this nineteenth century should not be aware that the earth travelled round the sun appeared to be to me such an extraordinary fact that I could hardly realize it.
   "You appear to be astonished," he said, smiling at my expression of surprise. "Now that I do know it I shall do my best to forget it."
   "To forget it!"
   "You see," he explained, "I consider that a man's brain originally is like a little empty attic, and you have to stock it with such furniture as you choose. A fool takes in all the lumber of every sort that he comes across, so that the knowledge which might be useful to him gets crowded out, or at best is jumbled up with a lot of other things so that he has a difficulty in laying his hands upon it. Now the skilful workman is very careful indeed as to what he takes into his brain-attic. He will have nothing but the tools which may help him in doing his work, but of these he has a large assortment, and all in the most perfect order. It is a mistake to think that that little room has elastic walls and can distend to any extent. Depend upon it there comes a time when for every addition of knowledge you forget something that you knew before. It is of the highest importance, therefore, not to have useless facts elbowing out the useful ones."
   "But the Solar System!" I protested.
   "What the deuce is it to me?" he interrupted impatiently; "you say that we go round the sun. If we went round the moon it would not make a pennyworth of difference to me or to my work."
   I was on the point of asking him what that work might be, but something in his manner showed me that the question would be an unwelcome one. I pondered over our short conversation, however, and endeavoured to draw my deductions from it. He said that he would acquire no knowledge which did not bear upon his object. Therefore all the knowledge which he possessed was such as would be useful to him. I enumerated in my own mind all the various points upon which he had shown me that he was exceptionally well-informed. I even took a pencil and jotted them down. I could not help smiling at the document when I had completed it. It ran in this way --
   SHERLOCK HOLMES -- his limits.
   1. Knowledge of Literature. -- Nil. 2. Philosophy. -- Nil. 3. Astronomy. -- Nil. 4. Politics. -- Feeble. 5. Botany. -- Variable. Well up in belladonna, opium, and poisons generally. Knows nothing of practical gardening. 6. Geology. -- Practical, but limited. Tells at a glance different soils from each other. After walks has shown me splashes upon his trousers, and told me by their colour and consistence in what part of London he had received them. 7. Chemistry. -- Profound. 8. Anatomy. -- Accurate, but unsystematic. 9. Sensational Literature. -- Immense. He appears to know every detail of every horror perpetrated in the century. 10. Plays the violin well. 11. Is an expert singlestick player, boxer, and swordsman. 12. Has a good practical knowledge of British law.
   When I had got so far in my list I threw it into the fire in despair. "If I can only find what the fellow is driving at by reconciling all these accomplishments, and discovering a calling which needs them all," I said to myself, "I may as well give up the attempt at once."
   I see that I have alluded above to his powers upon the violin. These were very remarkable, but as eccentric as all his other accomplishments. That he could play pieces, and difficult pieces, I knew well, because at my request he has played me some of Mendelssohn's Lieder, and other favourites. When left to himself, however, he would seldom produce any music or attempt any recognized air. Leaning back in his arm-chair of an evening, he would close his eyes and scrape carelessly at the fiddle which was thrown across his knee. Sometimes the chords were sonorous and melancholy. Occasionally they were fantastic and cheerful. Clearly they reflected the thoughts which possessed him, but whether the music aided those thoughts, or whether the playing was simply the result of a whim or fancy was more than I could determine. I might have rebelled against these exasperating solos had it not been that he usually terminated them by playing in quick succession a whole series of my favourite airs as a slight compensation for the trial upon my patience.
   During the first week or so we had no callers, and I had begun to think that my companion was as friendless a man as I was myself. Presently, however, I found that he had many acquaintances, and those in the most different classes of society. There was one little sallow rat-faced, dark-eyed fellow who was introduced to me as Mr. Lestrade, and who came three or four times in a single week. One morning a young girl called, fashionably dressed, and stayed for half an hour or more. The same afternoon brought a grey-headed, seedy visitor, looking like a Jew pedlar, who appeared to me to be much excited, and who was closely followed by a slip-shod elderly woman. On another occasion an old white-haired gentleman had an interview with my companion; and on another a railway porter in his velveteen uniform. When any of these nondescript individuals put in an appearance, Sherlock Holmes used to beg for the use of the sitting-room, and I would retire to my bed-room. He always apologized to me for putting me to this inconvenience. "I have to use this room as a place of business," he said, "and these people are my clients." Again I had an opportunity of asking him a point blank question, and again my delicacy prevented me from forcing another man to confide in me. I imagined at the time that he had some strong reason for not alluding to it, but he soon dispelled the idea by coming round to the subject of his own accord.
   It was upon the 4th of March, as I have good reason to remember, that I rose somewhat earlier than usual, and found that Sherlock Holmes had not yet finished his breakfast. The landlady had become so accustomed to my late habits that my place had not been laid nor my coffee prepared. With the unreasonable petulance of mankind I rang the bell and gave a curt intimation that I was ready. Then I picked up a magazine from the table and attempted to while away the time with it, while my companion munched silently at his toast. One of the articles had a pencil mark at the heading, and I naturally began to run my eye through it.
   Its somewhat ambitious title was "The Book of Life," and it attempted to show how much an observant man might learn by an accurate and systematic examination of all that came in his way. It struck me as being a remarkable mixture of shrewdness and of absurdity. The reasoning was close and intense, but the deductions appeared to me to be far-fetched and exaggerated. The writer claimed by a momentary expression, a twitch of a muscle or a glance of an eye, to fathom a man's inmost thoughts. Deceit, according to him, was an impossibility in the case of one trained to observation and analysis. His conclusions were as infallible as so many propositions of Euclid. So startling would his results appear to the uninitiated that until they learned the processes by which he had arrived at them they might well consider him as a necromancer.
   "From a drop of water," said the writer, "a logician could infer the possibility of an Atlantic or a Niagara without having seen or heard of one or the other. So all life is a great chain, the nature of which is known whenever we are shown a single link of it. Like all other arts, the Science of Deduction and Analysis is one which can only be acquired by long and patient study nor is life long enough to allow any mortal to attain the highest possible perfection in it. Before turning to those moral and mental aspects of the matter which present the greatest difficulties, let the enquirer begin by mastering more elementary problems. Let him, on meeting a fellow-mortal, learn at a glance to distinguish the history of the man, and the trade or profession to which he belongs. Puerile as such an exercise may seem, it sharpens the faculties of observation, and teaches one where to look and what to look for. By a man's finger nails, by his coat-sleeve, by his boot, by his trouser knees, by the callosities of his forefinger and thumb, by his expression, by his shirt cuffs -- by each of these things a man's calling is plainly revealed. That all united should fail to enlighten the competent enquirer in any case is almost inconceivable."
   "What ineffable twaddle!" I cried, slapping the magazine down on the table, "I never read such rubbish in my life."
   "What is it?" asked Sherlock Holmes.
   "Why, this article," I said, pointing at it with my egg spoon as I sat down to my breakfast. "I see that you have read it since you have marked it. I don't deny that it is smartly written. It irritates me though. It is evidently the theory of some arm-chair lounger who evolves all these neat little paradoxes in the seclusion of his own study. It is not practical. I should like to see him clapped down in a third class carriage on the Underground, and asked to give the trades of all his fellow-travellers. I would lay a thousand to one against him."
   "You would lose your money," Sherlock Holmes remarked calmly. "As for the article I wrote it myself."
   "You!"
   "Yes, I have a turn both for observation and for deduction. The theories which I have expressed there, and which appear to you to be so chimerical are really extremely practical -- so practical that I depend upon them for my bread and cheese."
   "And how?" I asked involuntarily.
   "Well, I have a trade of my own. I suppose I am the only one in the world. I'm a consulting detective, if you can understand what that is. Here in London we have lots of Government detectives and lots of private ones. When these fellows are at fault they come to me, and I manage to put them on the right scent. They lay all the evidence before me, and I am generally able, by the help of my knowledge of the history of crime, to set them straight. There is a strong family resemblance about misdeeds, and if you have all the details of a thousand at your finger ends, it is odd if you can't unravel the thousand and first. Lestrade is a well-known detective. He got himself into a fog recently over a forgery case, and that was what brought him here."
   "And these other people?"
   "They are mostly sent on by private inquiry agencies. They are all people who are in trouble about something, and want a little enlightening. I listen to their story, they listen to my comments, and then I pocket my fee."
   "But do you mean to say," I said, "that without leaving your room you can unravel some knot which other men can make nothing of, although they have seen every detail for themselves?"
   "Quite so. I have a kind of intuition that way. Now and again a case turns up which is a little more complex. Then I have to bustle about and see things with my own eyes. You see I have a lot of special knowledge which I apply to the problem, and which facilitates matters wonderfully. Those rules of deduction laid down in that article which aroused your scorn, are invaluable to me in practical work. Observation with me is second nature. You appeared to be surprised when I told you, on our first meeting, that you had come from Afghanistan."
   "You were told, no doubt."
   "Nothing of the sort. I _knew_ you came from Afghanistan. From long habit the train of thoughts ran so swiftly through my mind, that I arrived at the conclusion without being conscious of intermediate steps. There were such steps, however. The train of reasoning ran, `Here is a gentleman of a medical type, but with the air of a military man. Clearly an army doctor, then. He has just come from the tropics, for his face is dark, and that is not the natural tint of his skin, for his wrists are fair. He has undergone hardship and sickness, as his haggard face says clearly. His left arm has been injured. He holds it in a stiff and unnatural manner. Where in the tropics could an English army doctor have seen much hardship and got his arm wounded? Clearly in Afghanistan.' The whole train of thought did not occupy a second. I then remarked that you came from Afghanistan, and you were astonished."
   "It is simple enough as you explain it," I said, smiling. "You remind me of Edgar Allen Poe's Dupin. I had no idea that such individuals did exist outside of stories."
   Sherlock Holmes rose and lit his pipe. "No doubt you think that you are complimenting me in comparing me to Dupin," he observed. "Now, in my opinion, Dupin was a very inferior fellow. That trick of his of breaking in on his friends' thoughts with an apropos remark after a quarter of an hour's silence is really very showy and superficial. He had some analytical genius, no doubt; but he was by no means such a phenomenon as Poe appeared to imagine."
   "Have you read Gaboriau's works?" I asked. "Does Lecoq come up to your idea of a detective?"
   Sherlock Holmes sniffed sardonically. "Lecoq was a miserable bungler," he said, in an angry voice; "he had only one thing to recommend him, and that was his energy. That book made me positively ill. The question was how to identify an unknown prisoner. I could have done it in twenty-four hours. Lecoq took six months or so. It might be made a text-book for detectives to teach them what to avoid."
   I felt rather indignant at having two characters whom I had admired treated in this cavalier style. I walked over to the window, and stood looking out into the busy street. "This fellow may be very clever," I said to myself, "but he is certainly very conceited."
   "There are no crimes and no criminals in these days," he said, querulously. "What is the use of having brains in our profession. I know well that I have it in me to make my name famous. No man lives or has ever lived who has brought the same amount of study and of natural talent to the detection of crime which I have done. And what is the result? There is no crime to detect, or, at most, some bungling villany with a motive so transparent that even a Scotland Yard official can see through it."
   I was still annoyed at his bumptious style of conversation. I thought it best to change the topic.
   "I wonder what that fellow is looking for?" I asked, pointing to a stalwart, plainly-dressed individual who was walking slowly down the other side of the street, looking anxiously at the numbers. He had a large blue envelope in his hand, and was evidently the bearer of a message.
   "You mean the retired sergeant of Marines," said Sherlock Holmes.
   "Brag and bounce!" thought I to myself. "He knows that I cannot verify his guess."
   The thought had hardly passed through my mind when the man whom we were watching caught sight of the number on our door, and ran rapidly across the roadway. We heard a loud knock, a deep voice below, and heavy steps ascending the stair.
   "For Mr. Sherlock Holmes," he said, stepping into the room and handing my friend the letter.
   Here was an opportunity of taking the conceit out of him. He little thought of this when he made that random shot. "May I ask, my lad," I said, in the blandest voice, "what your trade may be?"
   "Commissionaire, sir," he said, gruffly. "Uniform away for repairs."
   "And you were?" I asked, with a slightly malicious glance at my companion.
   "A sergeant, sir, Royal Marine Light Infantry, sir. No answer? Right, sir."
   He clicked his heels together, raised his hand in a salute, and was gone.
shǒuyè>> wénxué>> 推理侦探>> 柯南道尔 Arthur Conan Doyle   英国 United Kingdom   温莎王朝   (1859年5月22日1930年7月7日)