Home>> Literature>> 正史>> Chen Shou   China   晋代   (233 AD297 AD)
Three Kingdoms
  "Three Kingdoms" is written in the Jin Shou country a major record biographical history of Wei, Shu and Wu Sanguo Kingdoms period, documented from the beginning of the first year of Huang Wendi (220) to the first year of Emperor Wu Tai (280) six decades. "Three Kingdoms" book sixty five volumes, "Wei" thirty volumes, "Shu Shu" fifteen volumes, "Wu Shu" twenty volumes, a total of sixty five volumes. Shou is the Jin dynasty courtier, Jin Cheng Wei derived from the world, so "Three Kingdoms" respect Wei orthodox. "Three Kingdoms" Cao Cao wrote the discipline, and "Shu Shu" and "Wu Shu" Liu Bei is recorded as "First Lord", remember Sun Quan said, "Master Wu Chuan" are only pass, no discipline.
  "Three Kingdoms" Twenty-Four Histories ranked in ancient China, and the "Historical Records" (Sima Qian), "Han" (Ban), "Han" (Fan Ye, Phrase) before adding Sishi.
  "Three Kingdoms" is not only a historical masterpiece, it is a literary masterpiece. Shou basis of respecting historical facts, concise, beautiful language for us to draw a diagram depicting three portraits. Very vivid characterization.
  About the Author
  Chen Shou (233-297), the word Chengzuo and Jin Ba Xian Han (now Sichuan Nanchong North) people. He less studious, historians interested in the cause of it, for the "Book" "Spring," "Historical Records" "Han" and conducted in-depth study of the history books. Qiao Zhou Tong Jun scholar teacher thing, when he was in view of Shu Han Court Lingshi. At that time, the eunuch Huang Hao autocratic, ministers are from the song meaning attached. Shou Huang Hao refusal to succumb, so repeated removal dismiss. After Shanxi Province, served Zhuzuo Lang, rule books and other staff to be the censor. 280 years, the West Jinmie Dong Wu, ending a split situation. Shou was 48, started writing "Three Kingdoms."
  Chen Shou wrote "Three Kingdoms" Previously, there have been some of the Wei, Wu made history, such as the king Shen (? -266) Of "Wei", fish rear of "Wei slightly," Wei Zhao, "Wu book" and so on. "Three Kingdoms" in the "Wei", "Wu Shu", mainly drawn from the history books. Sichuan historian regime is not _set_, no person responsible for collecting the material, write Shu history. "Shu Shu" materials are collected and compiled by the Shou times.
  Shou writing a book near the Three Kingdoms era, Keziliyong's achievements are not many others, coupled with his private writings, there are no conditions to get a lot of documents and archives. Read the "Three Kingdoms", they will find that there are historical Shou difficulty of insufficient content was not very substantial. Shou did not write blogs, to understand the laws and institutions of the Three Kingdoms era, had the help of "Book of Jin." Shou is also author of "beneficial Department Qijiu Biography", "ancient records" and other books, finishing edited "wise _set_" Unfortunately, these books were later the Lost it.
  "Three Kingdoms" and questioned Features
  "Three Kingdoms" good narrative writing is concise, cut properly, then it be applauded. Jaap Cham Chen Shou simultaneously with writing "Wei", see the "Three Kingdoms", that there is no need to write a new history of the other, they destroyed their own writings. Posterity is more highly regarded that in the history of the Three Kingdoms historical records, the exclusive Chen Shu can with the "Historical Records", "Han" comparable. Thus, the history of each of the other three countries have been devoid of obscurity, only the "Three Kingdoms" has been passed down to the present. Southern Liu Xie in "Wenxindiaolong History Biography" chapter stresses: "Dai-three male, remember pass each other out," Yang autumn "," Wei slightly "genus," Jiang, "and" Miss Lu "category , or difficult to levy anti-shock, or widowed to sparse wide. Wei Chen Shou "Three Kingdoms", the text quality contact resolution, Xun (Xu), Zhang (China) than the (Sima) moved, (classes) of solid, non-jump reputation . too, "that is, those that are not historical argument similar extreme, based on inadequate; writing is sparse wide, to no avail. Shou reached only works with text content expressed unity.
  After all, Chen Shou Jin Chen, Cheng Wei and Jin is there world. Therefore, the "Three Kingdoms" will respect Wei as orthodox. In "Wei" Cao Cao wrote in the discipline, and "Shu Shu" and "Wu Shu" only pass, no discipline. Kee Liu Bei was the "first primary Biography", remember Quan called "Master Wu Chuan." This is an example compiled the history books for politics, but also a feature of the "Three Kingdoms" is.
  Wei Chen Shou Although nominally respect for the Orthodox, in fact it is the Wei, Shu and Wu Sanguo each book, faithfully recorded the situation of the Three Kingdoms, demonstrated their own way, and do not of command, the status is the same. On the notebook's way of saying, "First Lord" and "Master Wu Chuan," things are also years of latitude, is identical with the discipline, but do not call it discipline. Shou this treatment is Annexed the prevailing circumstances, which shows his sagacity and ingenuity. "Three Kingdoms" Collectively relatively brief notes, which may be related to how much historical data. Shou is the Three Kingdoms who perished when the 31-year-old Shu. Repair his "Three Kingdoms" in modern history was part of a lot of things that he experienced, heard see for oneself, more real, supposedly conditional collect historical data. But since the era of the past, yet there are many historical disclose it; same time, because the scores have not been eliminated, difficult to appraise the fair, but also to the choice of materials and the History brought some difficulties.
  From the Wei, Shu and Wu book comparison, "Shu Shu" may only fifteen volumes, representing Wei, Wu two books and more simple. This is probably the Wei, Wu Shu between the two countries more than historical exigencies. Chen Shou wrote "Three Kingdoms", the king of Shen Wei has "Wei", Wu Wei Zhao also "Wu book" for reference, which gives Shou collect historical data to provide a great convenience. And Shu neither historian nor can learn from the history books ready to collect historical data is very difficult. Shou took great efforts, even some zero residual paper also note chapter search, "Shu Shu" before the number was only 15 volumes. "Shu Shu" many important figures in deeds, records are very simple, visible Shu historical data is quite lacking. In addition, because of political reasons, Chen might give up some materials, such as Sima Yi involves some shameful thing, inconvenience wrote, had discarded.
  "Three Kingdoms" drawn fine trial. Pei Song of the Three Kingdoms "," turn of the Han, Wei Kee table books Chao has played as many as 20, Chen Shou in "Three Kingdoms Wen Ji", the only book with a 173-word commands to put this event to write about. On Sun Ce's death, the legendary exaggeration abandon the book "Immortals" and so on, just remember to Xu Gong Sun Ce's assassins kill. These facts are reflected his careful textual research, carefully chosen attitude.
  "Three Kingdoms" wording concise, clean. It is commonly used simple words, write vivid characters. "First Lord" Cao Cao and Liu Bei Hero remember, when Cao Cao say:. "Today heroic, only sympathizing with the beginning of the parade ear insufficient number of believers also" when "the first main party food, lost dagger chopsticks" records, so Liu Bei Tao dark mood, vivid and colorful.
  "Zhou Yu Lu Su Meng" records of Cao Cao, Liu Bei occupied hear when Jingzhou, "party for the book, put pen to paper on the ground," the modality, a vivid contrast of Cao Cao, Liu Bei in the minds of the status and situation at the time. The book written celebrities elegance, counselor of the strategy, the mighty generals, mostly scanty, but lifelike.
  Shou produced interest in the book title character's performance. He said Liu Bei is a hero, Cao Cao is odds, Sun Ce, Sun Quan is Aviva, Zhuge Liang, Zhou Yu, Lu Su is a genius, Pang Tong is Gao, Cheng Yu, Guo Jia, Dong Zhao is Sunkist, Dong and Liu Shi Ba is so, cordial, Chang Lin is beautiful with disabilities, Xumiao, quality is Yan Hu Shi, Wang Can, Qin Mi is the only person, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Cheng Pu, Huang Gai is brave ministers, Chen Zhen, Dong Yun, Xue consolidated is Yoshiomi , Zhang Liao, Yue Jin is a good will, which reflect the prevailing mood of the times.
  Chen Shou book "Three Kingdoms", and three history, just as private repair history. After his death, on the table - KING lang Fan said:. ", Speech and more dissuasive, friends almost gains and losses, weathering useful, though not with such brilliant if the text, but the quality is too straight, willing down the Collection," "Shou as" Three Kingdoms Thus, the "Three Kingdoms" after the book is finished, by the time people praise. Chen Shou brief narrative, three books rarely repeated notes informative. On the choice of materials is also very Yan Shen, is valued by ancient historians. Historians of the "Historical Records" "Han" "Han" "Three Kingdoms" collectively before Sishi deemed biographical history classics.
  Shou also be taboo in the narrative without losing memoir, promote good without hidden defects. Chen Shou of the times, a variety of complex political relations, history and reality intertwined, Chen Shou in the tortuous way reflect the historical truth with respect a great effort. "Three Kingdoms" of the Han, Wei somewhat taboo relationship, but not framed the wording slightly and elsewhere revealed some of the true situation. As first year of Jian (193) Han emperor moved the capital to Xuchang, Cao Cao attempt the Emperor to the princes of the move. Shou here without express written Cao Cao's political ambitions, which is taboo. But instead of writing known as the emperor moved the capital, said Dong Xu Chao, etc. are advised Dynasty, which is critical of it. In addition, his "Xun Yu Chuan", "Dong Zhao Chuan" and "Zhou Yu Lu Su Meng Chuan assessment" are revealed at the time of the real situation. Although Chen Shou Shu Wai homeland for love, not conceal Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang's fault, note to Siyuan Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang kill Changyu and other things wrong with Ma Su. It is also a good history of performance talents.
  However, Tang Feng Zhao wrote FangXuanLing such as "Book of Jin Chen Shou Chuan" in recognizing Shou "good narrative, there are only good history," the same time, because of personal enmity think Shou be seen in the book. Said, "Ding Yi, Ding Wei-yi had known in Shou claims that Confucius said: Gok may find thousands of meters to see and, when respect for the public to make good pass D is not associated, not here as a parent biography Shou Ma Su army. , Su is wise that punish, life is bald father also sat, Zhuge Zhan Ting Ting is bright and light biography, that light will be slightly non-long, no enemy should only;. looking statement except work book, Mingguoqishi seconder less of this. "
  "Book of Jin Chen Shou Chuan" on Shou Somy of this historical data, only a handful of historians such as Zhou Liu Qiu, Liu Zhi Tang few to believe that, while most historians think this substandard historical facts, is false. Pan Qing Mei in "Three Kingdoms research" pointed out: "Ding Yi, Ding-yi, the official auxiliary raped and stabbed but Huangmenshilang the right, without destroying the outer edge of the front access power, the effect is no shengtang Temple wins, the party in Wang Chen Si, Si Ji shake mound, instigated by flesh and blood, is neither a matter, the Death followed, Adams WeiChao real sinners shall carry out a biography. "Book of Jin" that Somy had to pass legislation, the most non- . know the words, "Zhao Yi in" 22 History Notes, "also pointed out:" Book of Jin "that" life father to join the army Ma Su, Zhuge Liang Su is the punish, life father was bald, so Shou "bright Biography", that will be slightly non-director This is also true no matter insight. lit and non-place, the original does not have to use military force known. outlook revision Shou "Zhuge _set_" strict science table made bright, reward and punishment will believe, no evil without punishment, no good is not significant, as officials can not be raped, who conceived and self-motivation. has beams benefit of the people, though, "Kom Tong Hall" Ode to call the public's Zheng who Utako production, no to over too. has "bright Biography" said the assessment : Bright is the rule also open sincerity, justice cloth, micro without reward good nor evil without lint finally banished the domain of the state, salty fear and love, although severe punishment without the evil government who complain to. flat and admonish their intentions clear also. their independence Chung Ming described as reflected in its big men. "Thus, the" Book of Jin "derogatory Shou said, in fact, untruths, can not believe everything.
  "Sikuquanshuzongmu Feed · Three Kingdoms" made some fair words: "Daniel is concerned, Samuel (Chan) Shou's absolutely no words; in terms of potential, the chisel tooth they pass along the Han emperor, Emperor Han Shou want When the cover is difficult to reverse and chisel tooth Jin has been crossed, being to have Leihu Shu, to compete for the breeding ground orthodoxy, this contemporary of Corfu commentators also;. Shou Wu Jin then as minister, and 晋武承 Wei's system, pseudo- Jin Wei is a pseudo-contemporary holy men can do this it still brought in close to usurp State and Northern Wei Han, also near the Southern Tang Shu, the Northern Song Dynasty Zhu Ru Wei Jie shy away from pseudo;.! Emperor later, Sung Jiang Sakon at Shu, Wei and the Central Plains into the ground at full gold, it has been one after another from the Southern Song Dynasty and Emperor Zhu Ru Shu. euphemistically as on their world, not be a 格绳 also. "It seems that since the Eastern Jin Xi Zao Bi off Orthodox dispute, all with realistic goals and intentions of contemporary political power service, Reflection of Life, Tomoyo on history is crucial matters, there is no eternal being pseudo targets.
  Another criticism of the shortcomings of Shou by posterity is the book when writing technique, more than back protection. Liu Zhiji the "General History Straight book chapter," said, "When appropriate, King open base beginning, Cao, Ma constitutive numerous occasion, Wei Qu camps or columns, see Qu Wuhou, or battle head hair, take hurt into the economy, Chen, Wang Yin Du its mouth and salty silent. "Shou and Wang implicit criticism in the repair history of the people in power, Cao Cao, Sima Yi scandal mollified silent, whom back protection. In "Three Kingdoms Wei" in Liu Zhi did not see the contents of several theory, which, Qing Zhao Yi in the "22 history notes," Juan Liu in "Three Kingdoms more back protection" wrote:
  "Spring" book hunting in hayang King, the church does not speak marquises, and that the emperor Hunting, Now that open the cover of the law, then this thing is Conceal too. As the father of the child thing, the big book of positive, as promised ended, Dun and the like, all under the guise of the word refused, so the vertical honest, strict justice to it. Since Chen Shou as "Wei Ji" more than back protection, where the two Koreas leather is easy on the occasion, Feng Jin Jue, thanks to the sword and footwear, plus Jiuxi, as well as Christianity and Islam, there Youzhao policy, it became certain calligraphy. After the Song, Qi, Liang and Chen Zhu Shu noted regarded as a type, straight solid method for history that should be the case. Ran Kotobuki back very protective over the place, those studies have not installed.
  Zhao Yi in retrospect since the "Spring" since that is the existence of the phenomenon back to protect that Shou doing a good job in this regard. So Zhao Yi cite some examples, such as the Han emperor to abdicate after Wei closure as Sanyo public, when he died, only to chase the posthumous title of Emperor Xian, Chen faded king usurped the Han Cao Feng Sanyo public section, in "Wei Ji "Only Emperor Xian of Han said. Similarly Road Township public often abdicate, as Liu Wang, only to chase the posthumous title of Emperor died, Chen Shou whom also conceal hidden taboo. Sima Shi Qi Wang Caofang waste, "Wei slightly" is recorded: "(Sima) division sent Guo Yizhi palace, the queen side and the emperor chess, played Chi Day: 'big generals want to waste your majesty.' Emperor is starting to go, the Queen Mother . displeasure Chi said: 'great generals have purposed, but shun the queen purpose.' Queen Mother said: 'I Yuxian Great General. "Chi said:' Great General Ho visible evil 'Empress Xi are slow to pay." is the king of the waste, the division of the whole idea for Sima, completely unaware of the Queen Mother. Chen Shou "Wei" "anti contained Empress of life, the king made a very filial no way to reflected when the waste, which framed the king and the party Sima has too much off." And so on.
  The most serious writing technique is Gaoguixianggong be killing things, according to the "Han Jin Chunqiu", "Westergren Spring" and "World language", "end of Wei Chuan" contained a Gaoguixianggong Cao Mao see Sima Zhao bossy bossy, autocratic entire country, the heart can not be sweet, "hair hoplite in Lingyun units, pro discuss Sima Zhao Sima Zhao Jia Chong exclusion order, not daring to move when Fu Bing, and even if a Zu Jia Chong, Cheng Ji said: 'Public keeper Ru etc., are to this day. 'are pumping into the economy Ge guilty emperor, while chipping back out. "And Shou" Wei "But the book" Gaoguixianggong died, twenty, "never see the track was killing. Anti-contained life of the Queen Mother, the words Gaoguixianggong of when to punish, trying to commoners ritual burial. And contains Zhao played, saying "Gongcu soldiers to the minister, the minister Jichi soldiers can not hurt, riding a Franciscan brother Doc cross into Zu person pawn, hurt the public, Suizhi die, Chen Ji Fu Tingwei Noir received, being its junction sin, "...... so, Zhao Yi exclaimed:" The discipline of this, nor biographies scattered reflected things worse this writing technique, especially the men, then this body still said Shi Yu Jin, Jin dare not taboo also. Wei then across the North to the matter, why is also taboo. "Zhao Yi censure, incisive, illustration has more than killing innocent people, such as when Cao Cao Zheng Tao Qian, remember Shu Wei of war" designed to defeat boast taboo Sheng is decent, "and finally, Zhao Yi Shou considered involves not only the rulers in power back to protect the multi-discipline, but also biographies of more than taboo. Such protection Qubi back, do not actually let Zhao Yi puzzled: "How can the history of Shou for law must be so, yeah guard back as far as aboriginal nations Shou suppression of the book was not taboo, then still it? Old, but not re-revised yeah? "
  Shou repair history of writing technique, back care does exist, he is clearly in the Wei and Jin regime change during a Bihuo way, as the history books of the feudal era, is bound to have back in power protection, respect for who are potential rules taboo unsurpassable. Zhao Yi Ping affirmed that the book Appreciative straight, Dong Hu also not withstand scrutiny. The so-called "Dun Regicide" ("Zuo Venerable years") is also wrong, confusing right and wrong conclusions. Dun argument is the reason they are "as Zheng Qing, death is not cross-border, back Excluding Thieves", failed in its obligations courtiers.
  Zhao Yi Shou's writing technique also made historical textual research, said: "When the book cover Shou Jin Xiu, so in the Wei, Jin leather easy to place, had to return more than the care and Cheng Wei Han and Jin Cheng. Wei, one also. both Jin prefer to give back to nursing, care had to be back for the ANC ...... and, of course, there may be referenced Shou Wei, Jin is so original data records, Chen Shou have not been revised, but also not improper tampering. Chen for specific historical circumstances in which, in the change of sovereignty repair history scruples more practical context, it is understandable.
  Needless to say, your repair history is true, not false beauty, hidden evil should not have to abide by the guidelines historian, writing technique is the lack of training. It should be noted, Chen Wei and Jin Yi addition to involving sensitive issues on behalf of the people in power, which narrates still informative and credible. There is no denying Chen Shou's writing technique, it can not therefore doubt the "Three Kingdoms" the messenger value. Qian Daxin said: "So then I re-Chengzuo and the person who cares about the credibility of the narrative _set_ pen cap Shi Chen, it is easy for a long time the public debate, the world will indeed nearly knowledge among the three referral Han and Jin, both phases. involved, vertical and centuries, two against the loss of history who often rely on book Masayuki ...... I likes history, Marban out, that pushed the book, that too Fan (Ye), Ouyang (repair). "(" Three Kingdoms suspect defense order ")
  "Three Kingdoms" has its shortcomings, we should never overlook. In the narrative, in addition to contradictions in some people's discipline and pass, but its biggest drawback is that of Wei and Sima's more than a back care, praise, criticism by the ancient historians. In addition, the book only discipline and pass without signs and table, which is a big shortcomings. After the "Three Kingdoms" into a book, because the narrative is too brief, to the Southern Song Wendi, the famous historian Pei Song will make its note, and the addition of a large amount of material.
  Pei Song Introduction
  Pei Song (372-451), the word of the world, the Southern Song Dong wenxi (now Shanxi Wenxi) people. Pei Song Nobles bureaucratic family background, his grandfather Pei Mei Guan Ju guanglu doctor, father was a positive Yuanwai Kyu Bae. Pei Song childhood love reading, 8 years old are already familiar with "The Analects", "Book of Songs" Zhu Shu. After the Expo classics, knowledge Nisshin.晋孝武 Emperor UDL sixteen years (391), Ren Pei Song generals house, when he was 20 years old. Jin Andi Longan years (398), whose uncle Henan provincial governor Yu Kai Yan Qing two joint provincial governor Wang Gong and other attack our health. Defeat, Yu Kai defected summer Huanxuan mouth. Yu Kai Bae Song's recommendation as the new prefect of the wild. Consider the risk too Pei Song, has been reluctant to leave. Soon, warlords fights, Yu Kai died Huanxuan hands. Pei Song eliminates a fatal disaster.
  Yoshihiro early, Pei Song served as assistant minister members outside Sanji, so Zhang Wuxing County magistrate and other staff, transferred back to the court after the rise, he was named Book of Cibu Lang.
  Yoshihiro years (416), Qiu Liu Yu (ie Song Wudi) army expedition. When any of Pei Song State Secretary army northbound main book. Liu Yu Pei Song is very appreciated, like he had "Temple Gallery talented", he transferred governance engaged in history. After accounting for Luoyang Jin, Liu Yu Feng appointed as heir Seba. Liu Yu Pei Song became an important member of the group.
  "Three Kingdoms" Pei Song Note the
  When in the history of the Eastern Jin Li Shi Lingling, Ph.D. and other countries son. He served as assistant minister in the book into a song. Emperor Wen to Shou book "Three Kingdoms" notebook over Jane, whom he ordered to make sidebar. In his "On the Three Kingdoms table," said, "the former minister were recalled, so picking the three similarities and differences to note Shou" Three Kingdoms. "Shou book Civil Service impressive, something more trial Yuanyou positive. Cheng tours, Kerry the History of. However, that loss slightly, while some lacuna. minister seeking details for granted, it should be noted that in the week. old news search on the left near Picks Yat Press the three calendar years, although not far, but a matter of Han, Jin. both involved, out of one hundred carrier. divergent wrong note, every Unfortunate mutual. its life are not _set_, keep record matters who is useless without its graduates take to fill Que., or resign with the issue say there are good hybrid, or an accident of the differences, the suspect can not be judgment and are copied to prepare different smell inside if are bing Obviously, the words are not attached to science, then corrected to punish offenders with their jump. their affairs whether and when Ting small loss, rather to some debate Yu Yi. "So Pei Note not only explains the geographical names, etc., but the main thing is to supplement the original book records omission and correct the error. Several different account of the same thing, he included in, for future reference. For historical events and figures, Pei note some comments; improper arguments for Shou, Pei Note also criticized. Annotations search 罗广博 complete cit both, without tailoring fragmented. To comment, "Three Kingdoms", he collected the raw material of the Three Kingdoms period more than one hundred fifty kinds, Bo cited various original works, note the number of words about more than three times the original. According to Shen the statistics cited in the note book "22 by the Ministry of Home, Ministry of one hundred forty-two history, subsections Niansan home, _set_ department Niansan home, where two hundred and ten." Thus many of the "Three Kingdoms" in the loss of load The historical facts are preserved. Annotations are also in the use of traditional methods of annotation place, "Sikuquanshuzongmu Summary" said: "If its initial meaning like Yiyu Ying Shao's Note" Han ", elegant exegesis, citing it real ...... prefer to give the cover. . without actually, and unfortunately that has become, do not want to _delete_ abandoned, or detailed or slightly so, with or without, quite dramatically for example impure "Hou Kang said:" As Annotations name among objects, Explanation context, and Annotations And there is the unknown, cover non-deposit of its purposes. "Mr. Yang Yixiang in" these Pei Song, "a paper note summarized as part Pei pronunciation, context, collation, name objects, geography, allusions to certain classes. He said: "The main purpose is to make note of augmented reality, and this kind of endorsement, but is incidental work." He noted, "Three Kingdoms" is focused Buque and correcting erroneous. As in his "Notes on the Three Kingdoms table" and said: "life are not _set_, keep record matters who is useless without its graduates take to fill Que; or resign with the issue say there are good hybrid, or an accident of the differences, the suspect can not be sentenced, and are copied Carolina, to prepare different smell; if were bing Clearly, words do not attach rationale, then with the correction to punish their violation forget; their affairs whether and when Ting small loss, rather to Yu Yi has been debate. " Annotations biggest feature is widely adopted Bo cited, greatly enriched the content of the original book. In particular, he cited the raw material today has been largely Wang Yi, fortunately retained in PEI note, which is very precious historical value. Read "Three Kingdoms", we must take note Pei Song of the text as a text to be read. Annotations for the history books has opened up vast new comment roads.
  For historical question was "neglect of widowed should", "There is lacuna when" the Pei will Buque as the first item, make note of important events and major figures. As Cao Cao implementation Mita issue, Chen Shou only in the "Wu Ji" and "Ren Jun Biography" using 50 words slightly records, only shows the "RAO Jun country, starting in the date made only in steep." And what Cao understanding on this important decision-making and leadership, the implementation of what hardships, what results after the implementation, Chen will not make comment Syria. Annotations to 180 words in length to clarify the above problems, the issue will Mita Cao Wei Dingguo as a major national policy to look at the history of things to grasp the essentials of this level, Pei apparently more astute. Another example is the issue of Zhuge Liang seven escapement, Shu reflects the "hearts and minds" and Rong policy, but also an important measure to stabilize the rear of the former Northern Expedition was conducted Shou a passing, while Fiji's complement of more than 200 words, which is also in insight Chen Shou above. School of Metaphysics harbinger Wangbi open, Shou record of only 23 words. He cited Pei Shao, "Wang Bi Biography" fill his life with the doctrine, cited Sun Sheng "Westergren Spring" is reflected in human judgment, cited "Natural History" describes family background for the study of the history of ideas, provides an important historical basis. Ma Jun and his deeds in the "technical side Biography" in the non-involved. Pei supplemented with more than 1,200 words of his life with great inventions, the relevant guidelines car overturned, Liannu, hair weave intricate stone cars and documented machine, reflected the technological level of production, to fill the gaps in the history of science research. Important documents and important events related to the character is also a content Buque, such as Cao Cao's "Ming-order", "the virtuous no arrests conduct order" Pi "and Wu", Li Mi's "Statement", etc., are also Annotations can be handed down by the.
  The so-called differences with the Correctional prepared to jump, saying the issue is for the same, and each was recorded in the book "speech has behaved hybrid, or an accident of the differences, the suspect can not be sentenced to" the circumstances of. "And are copied inside to prepare different smell" as available vary, blog or cited under this book to do it "with illegal correction" work for the Correctional jump. Often difficult to completely separate the two. If Liu Bei three Gu Mao issue, "Kingdoms" written plot has known, but Wei Huan Mermaid "Wei slightly" and the Western Jin Phrase "Kyushu Spring" is written is different, that is the first visit of Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang. The two books were documented Pei reproduced in the Note, for the preparation vary; has its say to discrimination, citing "Inst" said "late emperor not to Chen dirty, hedgehog bent from the vain, among the three Gu Chen Yu Caolu , when the world's consultative Chen Yi matter "paragraph, that" non-Leong Yi prepared "this conclusion, indeed Correctional jump. This equipment differences, Correctional jump, often Shou book as a comparison object, and then extended to other historical tasting and summary. As in "Wei Zhen Fumiaki Queen mass injection", the record documented praise beauty after Wang Shen Zhen, "Wei", and Sau book different. Pei based on "Spring" of justice, finds "Wei" "Chong decorated dummy text" and that "push this purpose, it said Bian, the good deeds of the Zhen Zhu, are difficult to implement theory", which concluded that "Chen _delete_ down, good to have. "
  Shou mistake on his book right place, but also for a clear judgment. Such as "Xuan Chuan Wu Shu F. Note" cited Yu Bo "Jiang table Biography" contained floor mysterious suicide thing, Pei straight judged "" Jiang table Biography "said, to reason as long." "Wu Shu Zhuge Ke Chuan Note" cited Hu Chong "Wu Li" contained Pei judged "" Wu Li "is long." This judgment, there is more reflected in one of the Debate. Debate including the assessment and evaluation of historical events both historical commentary by historical events everywhere, is a direct expression of the main historians know, because little to do with the topic, whether it is a little while, reviews the history books, you have summed up the same period in the history book the significance of the merits of historical criticism, is one of the elements discussed in this article. Pei reviews for "Three Kingdoms," a book, both on a comprehensive evaluation of the table, but also scattered in the affirmative each note or criticism, is more comprehensive; against other historical year, then take on more zero gold Suiyu style commentary, summarized, these comments can be divided into style arrangement, narrative description of two ways.
  Chinese historical style since the "Spring", "Historical Records", chronological, biographical two-body matures, although there is still debate the merits of the second body, but its style is relatively fixed. Pei is more concerned about the existing style, especially as the official history of the biographical standardization problems. Biographical biography mainly to specifically pass, pass better grasp together, and how to divide the class pass, then quite inconsistent. Pei advocated taking "what kind phase from the" principle, he said:. "Chen Song of that body biographies of to what kind phase from Zhang ovary Albatron disabilities, sincere non Chen Ping Lun contingent Han policy makers, good, flat only . unless of columns, I no attaching, so the former history together, it should also cover. "affirmed the Sima Qian's first" class with something from "rationality, then criticize Chen Shou will not for a class of people put In a biography, beneath style. If Jia Xu's companion, it is "considered exhaustive slightly, by right of change" Sunkist, should be placed on good planning Cheng Yu, Guo Jia, who pass the class, but on the morality and intelligence co-existence has Second Xun (Xun Yu, Xun) of the wind out of Zuo, Pei to the "missing class", "it still luminous with steam candle of peace? its shine though both qualitative Yan is different," the essence of the similarities and differences, should be the first prerequisite zone classification pass. Secondly, the act is also an important principle similar. Such as fish rear, "Wei Yong Xia Chuan slightly," without taking into account the character and date of birth will act according to figures of four late Han Shuo Sun Bin incorporated into the ANC, is based on "the man pick Wei, meaning something similar," the principle of treatment. In this regard, if the fish still only in the rear of a spontaneous state, then, put forward the principle of Pei "meaning something similar", and has become part of a conscious awareness. From the practice of the theory of sublimation, and then refers to the practice, historians note the significance Pei is reflected in the compilation of school.
  In the narrative description, emphasizing the smooth and reasonable opposition to "the language barrier." Note that looks like writing, such as the appearance of Xunyu to Shou not name called regret, special cited "slightly Code", "plain Mi dilute Biography" supplement, not only reflects the character Rong Zhi Wei and Jin-Wen attention to the era of wind sp characteristics, but also with the Chinese historians pay attention to the description of the characteristics of the image, but also reflects the history of literature Pei aesthetic requirement that vividly depict the history book can be more attractive.
  Chao Gongwu first involves Annotations words: "(Pei Note) CASINO group that points into the book, which several times more than the book." ("Jun Zhai Zhi reading" Volume II) in the Qing Wu Ying edition " Three Kingdoms ", the Li Longguan and other knowledge in the magazine more specifically the phrase that" s Annotations more times in the text. " The early 1970s, Huang greatly according to the Taipei Arts Printing House photocopying Dian edition statistics, Chen book is 350,833 words, PEI injection of 322,643 words ("Three Kingdoms and Pei Note tables words", in "Three Kingdoms _Select_ion Notes" Taipei CKS Bookstore, 1972 edition frontispiece. cited Wu Jinhua "Textual Three Kingdoms", Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 2000, pp. 195). Julien contact our statistics based on Zhonghua Nai cadre point "Three Kingdoms" is 366,657 words, PEI injection of 320,799 words ("a little talk about the number of questions <Three Kingdoms> with Annotations", "Textual Research Journal" 1985 Section 3) . According to statistics Baina Ben Wu Jinhua, Chen Shou book is 368,039 words, PEI injection of 322,171 words ("Three Kingdoms school attached compiled Gu", Jiangsu Ancient Books Publishing House, 1990). Cuishu Ting Jinling type according to the statistics, "Three Kingdoms" is a 367,327-yu, PEI injection of 320,805 words ("<Three Kingdoms> This article does more than Pei note", "Central China Normal University" 1990 Section 2). If the above statistics minimal "Three Kingdoms" compared with the statistics most Annotations words, "Three Kingdoms" Annotations and more than 38,014 words, even if there Pei Lost or mixed note in the text, it is impossible to reach several times in the book text.张子侠 believes: "" Three Kingdoms "editions and spread through extremely complex, both text lacuna problem, there are note paper mixed with the body and, therefore, the text and note paper what more than what little can not light a conclusion" ("<Three Kingdoms> Pei. Three Issues Research Note "," historical research History "2000 2).
  If a man before Wang Tong Ming, Liu Zhiji have ridiculed their Fan Wu, Ye Shi to think "contained in the note, are the book's abandoned Shou Yu" (Book of General one hundred ninety-one). Although respected Pei Qing scholars note, but it was not accusing him of some note should note, some should note and note, cited book has changed the word, and so (see Zhao Yi Gai I consider six industries, Siku feeds four five and Wenchao annotations). In fact, these are small shortcomings, and can not thus masking its strengths. Annotations quoted Wei, Jin works up to two hundred and ten kinds of people, a record in Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi has been less than three-fourths of the Tang and Song later on one of the ten does not exist. And the material cited Annotations are both complete, although it was "Fan Wu", saying "life's abandoned I" alone save ancient sources say it is worthy of attention.
  Since PEI has a high note cited philology book value, and therefore the number of books and Pei note cited bibliography of research into the study Annotations is an important issue, but also the most divisive issue. Qian Daxin statistics Pei note cited book "Fanbai four dozen, not involved with the historian who does not count the" title listed 144 kinds ("22 Sculley differences" Volume 15). Zhao Yi Pei note cited statistics book "Where the (one hundred) more than fifty species", the title listed 151 kinds, also the history of the number of category ("22 history notes," Juan Liu). Zhaoshao Zu Pei note cited statistics book "where more than 180 species," In addition, all cited by and philosophers Book "and four dozen" ("reading even mind" Juan Liu). Qian Zhao to age, geography, people, Bureaucracy, class books, articles, do not _set_, the well-known, do not pass the class, statistical Pei note cited more than 160 kinds of books ("The Three Kingdoms identified the suspect"). Shen Pei note cited in this book will be "in accordance with" Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi "were divided into four: twenty dollars by the Ministry of Home, Ministry of one hundred forty-two history, subsections Niansan home, _set_ department Niansan home, where two hundred and ten "(" Three Kingdoms note cited bibliography "). Wangzhong Han statistics "cited Zhu Pei note the title, where two hundred forty to fifty kinds," according to Qian Zhao's classified title 256 kinds ("Three Kingdoms Pei research note" containing "China Culture Research]" section five volumes, 1945). Wang Zuyi addition to "review and Pei Zhu Jia self injection, Fuzi, Yuan son, Sun Sheng, Xi Zao Bi and other classics on the note, and cited as an interpreter does not count", the statistics "Pei Note Book Fanbai fifty-six kinds of citations "(" Three Kingdoms people directory Pei note cited bibliography ", The Commercial Press, 1956). Manian Zu Pei note cited statistics book "two hundred and three kinds" ("Ancient Waterways other eight bibliographic references compilation", Zhonghua Book Company, 1959). Yang Xiang statistical wing "Pei cited in bibliographies of all concerned, to two hundred dozen; If you remove the text and comment on aspects of interpretation, compared with more than 150 species" ("Song Pei with <Three Kingdoms>" "History Teaching" 1963 Section 2). High Xiuying, Yang Jian Pei note cited statistics book 203 kinds ("Three Kingdoms name index Pei Note cit index", Zhonghua Book Company, 1980). Chen Yuan Pei statistical note "book cited above in two hundred and thirty kinds" ("Three Kingdoms note cited bibliography", in "Chinese Ancient Essays' seventh series, Fujian People's Publishing House, October 1983, pp. 331 ). Zhao Yi Wang Shumin for "Pei Song of the Three Kingdoms" of Pei note cited book was partially verified ("Notes on the History of 22 school certificate", Zhonghua Book Company, 2002 Revision). Zhou Guolin statistics bibliographic references Annotations 224 species, of which the "first 秦至东 Hanzhong memo Shiming of works for sound and meaning matter exegetical and make note of whom regard the writings and textual analysis of more than forty kinds of different equipment for Buque Correctional jump until the end of Han Jin debate aspects of more than 180 kinds of books "(" Song of Pei <Three Kingdoms> cit test ", in" Chinese study of historical documents (a), "Central China Normal University Press, 1986) . Gao Zhen Duo Statistics' s Annotations "Three Kingdoms" of cit two hundred thirty-six kinds "(" Pei Note <Three Kingdoms> cit Textual - Comment <22 Literary History of School Certificate> "," Hanzhong Teachers College "1993 Section 3). Pei Yu Wanli statistical note cited book "two hundred thirty-five kinds" ("<Three Kingdoms> Pei note cited lists of new test", "Wenzhou Teachers College" 1994 4). Ye Chun Wu Pei note cited statistics where 229 kinds of books, "Another 10 will not quote the source" ("A Critical Biography of Pei Song", page 250). Zhang Zaixia statistics "Pei of cit two hundred twenty-seven kinds." Gao Min worked with people "<Three Kingdoms> Pei note cited book test," a text, up to two hundred forty statistics cited dozens of books ("<Three Kingdoms> say a little", in "History says slightly Twenty-five said after a little," Beijing Yanshan Press, 2002, page 87).
  "Three Kingdoms" Pei Note bibliographic references
  Two paintings
  "Kyushu Spring" (Phrase essays)
  "Kyushu mind" (Xun Chuo essays Note: The total book name "Kyushu mind", is divided into "Jizhou mind," "Yanzhou mind" and other papers)
  Three paintings
  "Sansuke never recorded" (Zhao Qi essays) "three dynasties record"
  "Three assessment" (Hsu Chung essays) "Sanyo Public Records" (music owned essays)
  "Shan Tao notices"
  Four paintings
  "Tai years to remember."
  "Scribes Biography"
  (Note: "Xiu" Note said Zhang hidden relegated, "Xun Yu Chuan" said the note was written by Zhang Heng, "Wang Can," Note said Zhang stallion relegated, wait for verification)
  "The article Chi" (Zhi Yu essays) "article Syria recorded" (Xun Xu essays)
  "Conn spectrum", "Jung _set_"
  "Wang spectrum" "wanglang well-known."
  "Wanglang _set_", "Wang Bi Biography" (Ho Shao essays)
  Five paintings
  "World language" = "Wei Jinshi language" (Guo awarded essays)
  "Four Books potential" (Wei Heng essays)
  Six paintings
  "Jiang table Biography" (Yu Pu essays) "cross wide mind" (Wang Yin essays)
  "Cross wide two states Spring" (Wang Fanzhuan) "sages lines like"
  "Ru'nan sages Biography" "Ren Gu Biography"
  "Column book" "column exclusive Biography"
  "Casuistry to note" (Zhi Yu essays) "Hundred Shangguan"
  "Baiguan name"
  Seven paintings
  "Wu Shu" (Wei Yao essays Note: Yao whose real name is Zhao Wei, Jin Dynasty historian Sima Zhao taboo avoid change)
  "Wu Li" (Hu Chong essays), "Wu Lu" (Zhang Bozhuan)
  "Wu Ji" (ring a essays) "to Wu Biography"
  "Preface Biography" (Phrase essays), "Nguyen Thi spectrum"
  "Chi Lin" (Yu Xizhuan) "Duchenne book"
  Eight paintings
  "Xinxian Ying Chuan" (Jaap Cham essays) "Code slightly" (fish rear essays)
  "Bing original Biography", "hall of" (Yong essays)
  "Bao Pu" (Ge Hongzhuan) "King of the East A debate on the Road"
  Nine paintings
  "Han" (Xie Chengzhuan) "heroic mind"
  "Yanzhou mind" (note: that is, "the island of Kyushu in mind," which one)
  "Custom Link" (Ying Shao essays), "Hu spectrum"
  "Yao letter _set_"
  Ten paintings
  "Jin Ji" (Gan Bao essays), "Book of Jin" (Wang Yin essays)
  "Book of Jin" (Gan Bao essays), "Book of Jin" (Yu pre essays)
  "Jin gentlemen praise" (Fu Cheong essays) "Jinyang Autumn" (Sun Shengzhuan)
  "Jin Tai was Confidential Memorandum" "King Hui Confidential Memorandum" (Lu essays)
  "Yizhou Qijiu Biography" "Yi Department Qijiu Biography" (Chen Shouzhuan)
  "Yi Department Qijiu Diary" (. Chen Shouzhuan Note: This book should be in Appendix "Qijiu Biography" of)
  "Gaoguixianggong _set_", "Goldsmith Biography" (Mi essays)
  "Paragons Biography" (Mi essays) "Xun's well-known"
  "Xun Biography" "Yuan Century"
  "Sun spectrum", "Sun owned Biography"
  "Hui-Biography" "Ma Xu" (Fu Xuanzhuan)
  "Book forest" (should Qu essays) "fairy Biography" (Ge Hongzhuan)
  Eleven paintings
  "Liu Qijiu Biography" "Chen spectrum"
  "Cao hiding Biography" (Wu who relegated) "Tso _set_"
  "Cao Zhi Biography" "Yu's spectrum"
  "Kuok spectrum", "Cui spectrum"
  "Lu Shi Song," "Luks ancestral portraits."
  "Lu Xun Ming" (Lu essays) "Enlightenment Note" (Gu Kai essays)
  "Pass phrase" (Yin-based essays) "similarities and differences miscellaneous language" (Sun Shengzhuan)
  "Similarities and Differences assessment" (Sun Shengzhuan) "foreign body"
  "Different forest" (Lu Mouzhuan)
  Twelve paintings
  "Huayang" (Chang Qu essays), "Hua Biography"
  "Natural History" (Zhang Huazhuan) "natural mind"
  "Ji's spectrum", "Ji Kang Biography"
  "Ji Kang _set_", "Xiao-Biography"
  "Fei Yi Biography" "Fuzi" (Fu Xuanzhuan)
  "Fu Xian _set_", "Chao _set_"
  "Recluse Biography" (Mi essays) "Immortals" (Gan Bao essays)
  Thirteen paintings
  "Shu Ji" (Wang Yin essays), "Shu Ji"
  "Shu Shi spectrum" (Sun Shengzhuan) "Chu sages Biography"
  "Lingling sages Biography" "Hueiji Code of record"
  "Hueiji Shaw well-known," "Yu Fan Biography"
  "Yangdu Fu Note" (Yu illustrates essays) "000-theory" (Jiang Jizhuan)
  Fourteen paintings
  "Han Dynasty" (Zhang Fan essays), "Han Ji" (Yuan Hongzhuan)
  "Han" (Hua Qiao essays), "Han Wei Chunqiu" (Kong Yanzhuan)
  "Han Jin Chunqiu" (Xi Zao Bi essays) "Scholarly Biography"
  "Tube chariot Biography" "Zhao Biography"
  "Pei home discipline" (Fu Cheong essays)
  Fifteen paintings
  "Xuan Biography" "Penny Biography"
  "Pan Biography" "Pan _Set_"
  "Liu spectrum", "Liu yi Biography"
  Sixteen paintings
  "Jizhou mind" (note: that is, "the island of Kyushu in mind," which one)
  "Strategy" (Phrase essays), "Lu Chen Biography"
  "Zhuge spectrum" "wise _set_" (Shou times given)
  "Zhuge Biography" "Machine cloud Biography"
  "Memorization" (Zhang Yan essays) "praise reward order"
  Seventeen paintings
  "Xiangyang mind" (Xi Zao Bi essays), "Chung will maternal"
  Eighteen paintings
  "Wei" (Wang Shen essays) "Wei slightly" (fish rear essays)
  "Wei Ji" (Yin Dan essays), "Westergren Spring" (Sun Shengzhuan)
  "Wei Chuan end" "Wei Wu Story"
  "Wei Ming Chen played" "Wei Shi Ji" (Sun Shengzhuan)
  "Wei Shi spectrum", "Wei Dufu"
  "Diary" (Sun Shengzhuan) "Rites"
  Nineteen paintings
  "Lu Jiang Heshi well-known."
  Twenty paintings
  "Emperor Xian Biography" "Emperor Xian Ji"
  "Emperor Xian Spring" (Yuan Wei essays) "Emperor Xian Confidential Memorandum"
  "Spectrum Syria" (China Qiao essays)
  Twenty-one painting
  "Han continued," (Phrase essays), "Gu Tan Chuan"
  Twenty-four painting
  "Emperor Ling Ji" (Liu Aizhuan)
  On the cit one hundred fifty-six kinds, that does not include a reference to ancient commentators.
  Appendix
  A man with a book essays or more
  Xun Chuo: "Kyushu mind" ("Yanzhou mind" "Jizhou mind", etc.)
  Fish Huan: "Code of Strategy," "Wei slightly"
  Xi Zao Bi: "Han Jin Chunqiu" "Xiangyang mind"
  Fu Chang: "Jin gentlemen like" "Ji Pei home"
  Fu Xuan: "Ma order" "Fuzi"
  Hua Qiao: "Han" "spectrum Syria."
  Zhi Yu: "The article Chi" "casuistry to note"
  Ge Hong: "Bao Pu" "Supernatural Biography"
  He Shao: "Wang Bi Biography" "Can Xun Biography"
  Lu: "King Hui Confidential Memorandum" "Lu Xun Ming"
  Wang Yin: "pay widely credited" "Book of Jin" "Shu Ji"
  Mi: "Goldsmith Biography" "paragons Biography" "Recluse Biography"
  Gan Bao: "Jin Ji", "Book of Jin" "Immortals"
  Shou: "Yi Department Qijiu Biography" "Yi Department Qijiu Diary", "Zhuge Liang _set_"
  Phrase: "Kyushu Spring", "sequence Biography", "strategy", "continued Han"
  Sun Sheng: "Jinyang Autumn", "Similarities and Differences hybrid language", "Similarities and Differences Comment on" "Shu Shi spectrum", "Westergren Spring" "Wei Shi Ji" "Diary"
  2 namesake writings
  Zhang Fan, "Han Ji", Yuan Hong, "Han Ji"
  Gan Bao "Book of Jin", Wang Yin, "Book of Jin", Yu pre-"Book of Jin"
  Analysis and Evaluation
  As "Han" while Fan Ye and Pei Song, by age theory, Pei Fan longer than two years old, died in Van Song Wen Yuan Jia 2022 (445), PEI dead more than six years after Van. Although the two men born in the same period, also collecting historical data, but they use different methods of historical data, the historical data series or tissue obtained Fan Ye Han, Pei Song Shou is used to inject the Three Kingdoms. Try to take Shou, Fan Ye two books contents relatively the same sixteen Biography, Fan Chen book ratio increased about twice the length of the book, those extra material, mostly the same and Annotations.
  After Pei note appeared, attracted a lot of comments, which have both favorable and unfavorable. Liu Zhiji said: "less of Annotations" Three Kingdoms ", to wide Chengzuo left behind, and hi poly similarities and differences, without publication be, pleases its strike hard, take the long view of its books into the table Fan Wu Xian, since the ratio of bees. adopting both, but stand regardless of difficult real taste with Ping who carry. " Liu Zhi with several different Pei Song of praise from those who save the historical aspects of the multi-Pei note affirmed. Hou Kang said: "Chen Chengzuo" Three Kingdoms, "the Bank said Liang Shi Pei Note Youbo age support substantial." Ji Yun in "Sikuquanshuzongmu feed" in the Pei Song of the note "Three Kingdoms" evaluation: "Song Yuanjia, the Pei Song Shouzhao to Note, the note cited the books, miscellaneous, nowadays has also consolidated its roughly about six Italian side: one said the lead on various home to tell right from wrong; one reads the books of the said reference to nuclear blackmail different; One said pass. All things, details of its perverting; pass that no one reads things, make it Que Yi; One said pass all of the people, details of his life; Chuan said that no one person, which is often accompanied by similar addicted 奇爱博. , hurt quite unorganized. then snare Shigetomi, where today the membership Six old who does not pass, still eleven reflected cliff slightly. complete with the addition of both, unlike Li Tao Yuan "Waterways", Shan 's Notes "fragmentation of the text are cut scissors. therefore research house, drawing inexhaustible, phase citing those, more than anti-Yan Chen Shou book." This induction is accurate. But he said: "The meaning seems Yiyu early as Han Ying Shao's note, elegant exegesis, citing it's real ...... without actually prefer to give, and unfortunately that has become, do not want to _delete_ abandoned, or detailed or slightly so. with or without. "There is no evidence that these words, only those who believe that speech essays feeds speculation of Bale. On the evaluation of the past, historians Annotations, Mr. Yang Yixiang first cited "Pei Song" is detailed in an article, you can see.
  Annotations for the evaluation of the above reflects the characteristics of the traditional historical criticism. Most commentators can not get rid of is the frame of mind and non, superior and inferior. From the perspective of history to look at the history of PEI injection, should be more concerned that the history books always comment on the matter exegetical names are from the perspective of focus, why Pei Song has to invent a new way of comment? Liu Zhiji said Pei Song "was short-force micro, not self up," Zhang Xuecheng said:. "Pei Song By light on Chen Shou, non-edge attached Ji, its power shortage since kept it," Liu Zhiji, Zhang Xuecheng though they are traditional historical criticism of you, but these analyzes was unstructured, with strong likes and dislikes colors. The so-called "not self up," "lack of self-existence" are from the end of commentators seek to explain the lack of intelligence.
  Annotations explained without bias occurs because when the devaluation Chen Yinque. Chen believes Annotations are subject to the Buddhist scriptures, "co-book note" effect due. In his "Zhimin Du theory test," the article said: "Turkey scriptures translated both more often varies with the translation, so there codification 'fit the' purpose of comparison by Yan." "Big ring two hundred sixty monks Ten things "(the original note:" Three different co vols. ") says: said ring upon is saying: Monk and rallies, unaffected by the big ring! What a monk? Monks and Party, noted by no quit! Monks have anything in? A: To quit. Monk Dayan: Busa. Who has asked not to grant clean say! Morohito who, when to say when the net! Dayan: that the net. Chan explained: "Accordingly, we can see that the mother of the above book." Quit two hundred sixty monks big thing "in the body of its characters, its parent folder Note also the fine print, do not take the child also cover the meaning of the same text. different persons, the inclusion of small notes. and large print text each other with proposed. called the 'child from the mother,' what kind relative 'also. "in the" Reading "in Luoyang> book after" a text, he further play, said: "Pei Song of the Three Kingdoms", "people are learning to read, but neither know the book was co-injection of the body." Mr. Zhou Yiliang Chen said skeptical. In his "History of the Wei and Jin works a few questions," the article said: "Pei Song, Liu Hsiao-standard, Li Tao Yuan Note, mostly addendum Corrections, rather than the words out, often at great length, which is made up of thousands of same. The different translations straightforward situation is very different, "" I'm afraid the book may not be combined with Buddhist tradition note what the origin of it?. " Chen Yinque explanation is compiled from a technical point of view the history books to start, how to compile both easier to readers. In this regard, Mr. Zhou Yiliang question is powerful. "Addendum Corrections" is the essence of Annotations, which seems to have no relationship with the co-book note.
  Chen is also no shortage of opinion on the proponents. Mr. Lu Yaodong to accept the advice note book together, and on this basis, then tried to explain the difference between Annotations generated by the study of history. His basic idea is that the traditional methods and annotations Annotations difference is that one is by injection, one history note. This is mainly due to the big money Zhao inspiration. Qian Zhao said: "Note History and Notes by different injection through to sensible for the case manager resides exegetical, exegetical Ming and Li from See note history to achieve the things the main things unknown, exegetical, although fine useless too ..." Lu Yaodong thereon said: "Therefore, it is reasonable and up note by note with the basic distinction between history 'of things' is a further description of the historical truth.." He added: "The moral principles explained by a note, up to investigate historical facts, After the process is the key to the history of fragmentary important transition. "is well known, Wei later, historians gradually from classics and independent. As a background to explain the evolution of history by injection is a good note, this article also hold the same view. However, only the generalities of theory as for this is not enough, because after Annotations occupy the mainstream of history or classics-style injection. We certainly can not say the confluence of history and classics and a.
  Around the "Three Kingdoms" and Pei note, actually two questions, first, why the "Three Kingdoms" written so simple? Second, why else Pei Song as many citations to avoid the tedious history books?
  A view, Chen saw the material is limited, so the "Three Kingdoms" written brief. This view has some truth, because many of the books in the Annotations write citations in Shou did not come out "Three Kingdoms" is. But this interpretation is also problematic, because after all, some books are Shou likely to see. Chen Shouzhuan write "Three Kingdoms" in the Western Jin Tai Dynasty (280 AD) after Wu Ping. It stated Mr. Yang Yixiang "Chinese Historiography data compiled in" Before this, specifically in mind the history of the Three Kingdoms history books as the king of Shen "Wei" Wei Zhao, "Wu Shu" fish rear, "Wei slightly," "Code slightly" has come out. In addition, Zhao Qi's "Sansuke never recorded," Hsieh Cheng's "Han", Wang Can, "the late Han Dynasty hero in mind," Phrase of "Kyushu Spring" and have long been completed. "Three Kingdoms" in the book's history without express, Mr. Yang Yixiang book compiled in Taikang six years (285 years) the next. Text language description: "The test," Three Kingdoms "Volume 48" Sun Hao Chuan "cloud" Hao families moved westward to Tai first year _set_ in March Jingyi five years, Hao died in Luoyang. 'This is the "Three Kingdoms" in the memo The latest one, then Shou forward to the book will be in five years, Sun Hao Tai's death, the series this year. "According to the same book, author of" imperial century "," Goldsmith Biography "Mi died too Kang three years (282). Possibility to see Chen Shou wrote "Three Kingdoms" is Mi book also exist. These books are cited by the Annotations. According to the "Three Kingdoms name index" Appendix "Three Kingdoms Pei Note cit index," Pei note cited "Wei" one hundred and ninety, "Wei slightly" one hundred seventy-nine, "Dian slightly" forty-nine " Wu Shu "one hundred and nineteen," Sansuke never recorded "nine," Han "twelve," Hero mind "sixty-nine," Kyushu Spring "twenty-six," imperial century "one, "Goldsmith Biography" six. These materials should be able to see Chen Shou, but he did not in order to enrich the "Three Kingdoms", but added the Southern Song Pei completion of this work. "Three Kingdoms" Volume 21 "attached to Wu Wang Can Chuan Chuan" Letter to Wu Wen contained nearly two hundred words, and Pei Note details cited "Wei slightly" contained in the book, actually up to eight hundred words. Pei Song has explained, said:. "Said to prepare for his text" "Robinson pine to the pass was slightly _set_ Prince book, the United States resigned multi be _delete_d off, now it is learned to take" Wei slightly on Cao 魏屯田, according to Mr. Yang Yixiang Statistics "Wu Ji" and only "yes-year-old with a date only, Han Hao and other meetings, shixing Mita" ten words to describe. "Any Jun Biography" and used the word "hunger is a year-old drought, lack of military food, Habayashi prison YingChuan date only build Mita, Dynasty to steep for the typical agricultural Zhonglang. Few years, where the plot millet , granary are full of "forty word. The reference to the king of Shen Pei Song "Wei" records in the "Wu Ji", the complement of the one hundred and forty seven words. Seen in this light, for "Three Kingdoms" is not only seen in a brief amount of material from this angle Shou to be explained, you must also think of other ways.
  Pei Song suspicion "Three Kingdoms" written brief, and this opinion is never seen him before. "Three Kingdoms" just come out, get a piece of praise sound. "Book of Jin" Volume 82 "Shou Chuan" said: "The person its good narrative, there are only good history of Jaap de Cham time with." Wei ", see Shou made, they bad been written and strike Zhang deep goodness, that Shou said: 'When the "Book of Jin" relative pay ear.' its too heavy so that "the biography also known as:.". Yuan Kang years, disease and death, when he was sixty-five okrug big CKS, lang Fan - KING wait Table said: '...... so the rule book Shi Yu 史陈寿 for "Three Kingdoms", speech and more admonish, one understands the pros and cons, benefits weathered, although the text if it is not with such brilliant, but the quality is too straight down the Collection of the willing. ". Eastern Jin Dynasty, Xi Zao Bi orthodox theory from the perspective of the book with Wei Chen Shou orthodox written objection, in order to adhere to the orthodox in his book Shu as the "Han Jin Chunqiu" in the. Orthodox issue is a political issue, from an academic point of view is still seen on the "Three Kingdoms" criticism. It seems simple in the eyes of Jin is not a problem, but to Southern Pei Song was regarded as its shortcomings. This suggests that we should change from the perspective of academic atmosphere of the times to think about this issue.
  Later supplemented with research
  In the Northern Song Dynasty ago, Wei, Shu and Wu book is a book of their own. "Old Tang Jing Ji Zhi" to "Wei" as the official history, in the final, "Shu Shu", "Wu Shu" into the series, the classification of a very unscientific, then it can prove three books, when is still independent of each other three. Northern Song Diaoban engraved books, three books together as a beginning. The earliest extant edition is the Northern Song Xianping six years (1003) edition of the Imperial College.
  "Three Kingdoms" no tables and chi, many scholars make up essays since the Qing Dynasty, although the material is basically not the original book and PEI injection, but after classification parallelism, looks sober, about geography, table Officials Chi, is particularly useful. Such tables fill up the vast majority of income in the annals "Twenty-five Supplement" and "Han Three Kingdoms compensation table thirty kinds." Today _set_ out the "Three Kingdoms" Chi complement complement table below:
  Wan Sitong: "Three Chronology."
  Zhoujia You: "Three Annals table."
  Xie Zhongying: "Three big table."
  Shouchang: "Three big table correction."
  Wan Sitong: "Three quarters of Kampo town chronology."
  Wan Sitong: "Three kings of the world table."
  Wan Sitong: "The phase Minister Wei chronology."
  Wan Sitong: "Wei will phase Minister chronology."
  Wan Sitong: "Wei Fang town chronology."
  Wan Sitong: "Chinese Minister of the relative chronology."
  Wan Sitong: "Wu will Boda Chen chronology."
  He DH: "Three Kingdoms Excellencies Saisuke chronology."
  Zhou Mingtai: "Three Kingdoms pedigree." According to the Southern Song Dynasty "Shi" attaching names spectrum, makeup does not appear in the book by Chen Shou people.
  Taoyuan Zhen: "Three Kingdoms pedigree addendum attached Order."
  Sun Hung Yee: "Three Officials table." Cao Weiguan system differs greatly from the Han, and the Northern and Southern Dynasties Official multiple origins here, so the table where the beginning of the building by key special book out. Official records in this table together with a table for each of the following before and after the official home of this officer's name, you can see the official examination compete and Migration.
  Wu added only Yang Shoujing: "Three counties Schedule research." Wu revised Liangji "fill the Three Kingdoms territory," Three points out, according to the order of emperors, according to State and County as a table. Young correction.
  Xie Zhongying: "Three Territory table." Column three counties were included in the final frontier, and note this in the late Qing Dynasty.
  Liangji, Xie Zhongying: "fill the Three Kingdoms territory recharge." Hung essays, Xie's sidebar to the final frontier for the three broken. County bets on local towns and mountains and so it is real.
  Xie Zhongying: "Three Kingdoms territory suspect."
  Jin Zhaofeng: "school make up the Three Kingdoms territory."
  Hou Kang: "fill three Treatise."
  Yao Zhenzong: "Three Art and Literature."
  Taoyuan Zhen: "Three SHIHUOZHI).
  Qing Yang Chen series "Three will be" twenty-two, of sixteen. Culling is a reference to the body, low grid Annotations and other books written. Zhu Ming plate with future book compiled by the Southern Song, Qi, Liang and so will be the same, we can not provide a new historical materials, but can be used for classification of the index used.
  About "Three Kingdoms" tool, the Harvard-Yenching Institute has attracted codified at the "Three Kingdoms and Pei Note comprehensive attracted" by a high Xiu-Fang Zhonghua, Yang Jian series "Three Kingdoms name index." The former is a comprehensive index, a broader usefulness. But editors at the _select_ed entry incorporated attracted, focusing not wide, only pay attention to learning to see the names, places, Guan Ming, etc., for some words, especially those with characteristics of the times and less common words, anti not included. Such as "three history", "human relationships", "flow", "Qianghu Valley", "Krupp Valley," Building Dreams, "" security officer "and thus can not use such words arranged attracted research. Again" China "" Plains "," steps "and other references listed in the following entries, some lacuna. attracted approximately compile premises attracted the other, and the history of this paragraph as" Shi attracted ", there is also a similar problem.
  The most accessible modern edition of the Three Kingdoms, there are four: First, Baina Ben, according to Song Shaoxing, Shaoxi two kinds edition with a photocopy; Second, Qing Wu Ying edition, it was carved out north from the school (letterpress printing lithographs are, according to all of the Wu Ying The reprint); Third, this type of Nanking, according to Chen Feng Mengling school supervisor Mingnan India; Fourth, southern bookstore edition, according to Mao Ji Gu Ge school engraved. These four edition, in addition to Baina Ben photocopying, the other three in the heavy carved Shihai although inevitably adds some typos, but have been carefully collated and corrected many errors of the original. Our school point work, each with four Tongxing Ben exploration right, Zeshanercong.
  Chronicles study "Three Kingdoms" and Pei note by many, especially people forced up to the Qing Dynasty. Since Gu, Ho Cheuk less than about twenty, can be based on mutual certificate before the text book and reference book which, for the Song, Yuan various versions bent along unchanged mistakes were made comments or annotations book eyebrow, or become specialized publications Kanbu. Republic of China, Lu Bute brings together scholars note Chronicles "Three Kingdoms" made by the body and Annotations, version collation and research, and my notes and note unified codification of the "Annals of the Three Kingdoms", a reference available to read "Three Kingdoms" is.
  In addition to the various translations of _select_ed Note election, the complete translation Shou "Three Kingdoms" work has been carried out for nearly four decades. Collecting to a variety of "Three Kingdoms" in this note this translation Twelve species. There are Chinese, Korean, Japanese three languages. The first is China Taiwan Chinese scholar Rosaline WONG et al, "vernacular Three Kingdoms" (Taipei Luo Press, 1980, only translated the "Chen", notes), into the 1990s, the Chinese mainland scholars launched the following nine kinds of translations:
  1, Su Yuan Lei editor of "Three Kingdoms note this modern translation" (Hunan Normal University Press, 1991, only translated the "Chen", annotated)
  2, Tian Yuqing, Wu Shuping editor of "modern translation of the Three Kingdoms" (Zhongzhou Ancient Books Publishing House, 1991, only translated the "Chen" no comment)
  3, Danny Lau, M., "Modern Chinese version of the Three Kingdoms" (Red Flag Publishing House, 1992, only translated the "Chen" no comment)
  4, columns and other Cao editor of "vernacular Three Kingdoms" (Central University for Nationalities Publishing House, 1994, translated "Chen" and a few "Annotations" no comment)
  5, Dai Yi, editor of "full translation of the Three Kingdoms" (Guizhou People's Publishing House, 1994, only translated the "Chen" no comment)
  6, Dujing Guo translated "text white control of the Three Kingdoms" (Zhongzhou Ancient Books Publishing House, 1994, only translated the "Chen" no comment)
  7, Beichen side note translation of "Three Kingdoms Translation" (Shaanxi People's Publishing House, 1995, only translated the "Chen", annotated)
  8, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Translation "vernacular Three Kingdoms" (Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1996, only translated the "Chen" no comment)
  9, Xu Jialu editor of "full translation of Twenty-Four Histories" ("Three Kingdoms" Volume) (Chinese Dictionary Press, 2004, only translated the "Chen" no comment).
Translated by Google
吴书·孙破虏讨逆传
  吴书
  孙坚字文台,吴郡富春人,盖孙武之后也。
  少为县吏。年十七,与父共载船至钱唐,会海贼胡玉等从匏里上掠取贾人财物,方于岸上分之,行旅皆住,船不敢进。坚谓父曰:"此贼可击,请讨之。"父日:"非尔所图也。"坚行操刀上岸,以手东西指麾,若分部人兵以罗遮贼状。贼望见,以为官兵捕之,即委财物散走。坚追,斩得一级以还。父大惊。由是显闻,府召署假尉。会稽妖贼许昌起于句章,自称阳明皇帝,与其子韶扇动诸县,众以万数。坚以郡司马募召精勇,得千余人,与州郡合讨破之。是岁,嘉平元年也。刺史臧旻列上功状,诏书除坚监渎丞,数岁徙盱眙丞,又徙下邳丞。
  中平元年,黄巾贼师张角起于魏郡。托有神灵,遣八使以善道教化天下,而潜相连结,自称黄天泰平。三月甲子,三十六(万)一旦俱发,天下响应,燔烧郡县,杀害长吏。汉遣车骑将军皇甫嵩、中郎将朱俊将兵讨击之。俊表请坚为佐军司马,乡里少年随在下邳者皆愿从。坚又募诸商旅及淮、泗精兵,合千许人,与俊并力奋击,所向无前。汝、颍贼困迫,走保宛城。坚身当一面,登城先入,众乃蚁附,遂大破之。俊具以状闻上,拜坚别部司马。
  边章、韩遂作乱凉州,中郎将董卓拒讨无功。中平三年,遣司空张温行车骑将军,西讨章等。温表请坚与参军事,屯长安。温以诏书召卓,卓良久乃诣温。温责让卓,卓应对不顺。坚时在坐,前耳语谓温曰:"卓不怖罪而鸱张大语,宜以召不时至,陈军法斩之。"温曰:"卓素著威名于陇蜀之间,今日杀之,西行无依。"坚曰:"明公亲率王兵,威震天下,何赖于卓?观卓所言,不假明公,轻上无礼,一罪也。章、遂跋扈经年,当以时进讨,而卓云未可,沮军疑众,二罪也。卓受任无功,应召稽留,而轩昂自高,三罪也。古之名将,仗钺临众,未有不断斩以示威者也。是以穰苴斩庄贾,魏绛戮杨干。今明公垂意于卓,不即加诛,亏损威刑。于是在矣。"温不忍发举,乃曰:"君且还,卓将疑人。"坚因起出。章、遂闻大兵向至,党众离散,皆乞降。军还,议者以军未临敌,不断功赏。然闻坚数卓三罪,劝温斩之,无不叹息。拜坚议郎。时长沙贼区星自称将军,众万余人攻围城邑,乃以坚为长沙太守。到郡亲率将士,施设方略,旬月之间,克破星等。周朝、郭石亦帅徒众起于零、桂,与星相应。遂越境寻讨,三郡肃然。汉朝录前后功,封坚为乌程侯。
  灵帝崩,卓擅朝政,横恣京城。诸州郡并兴义兵,欲以讨卓。坚亦举兵。荆州刺史王睿素遇坚无礼,坚过杀之。比至南阳,众数万人。南阳太守张咨闻军至,晏然自若。坚以牛酒礼咨,咨明日亦答诣坚。酒酣,长沙主簿入白坚:"前移南阳,而道路不治,军资不具,请收主簿推问意故。"咨大惧欲去,兵陈四周不得出。有顷,主簿复入白坚:"南阳太守稽停义兵,使贼不时讨,请收出案军法从事。"便牵咨于军门斩之。郡中震慄,无求不获。
  前到鲁阳,与袁术相见。术表坚行破虏将军,领豫州刺史。遂治兵于鲁阳城。当进军讨卓,遣长史公仇称将兵从事还州督促军粮。施帐幔于城东门外,祖道送称,官属并会。卓遣步骑数万人逆坚,轻骑数十先到。坚方行酒谈笑,敕部曲整顿行陈,无得妄动。后骑渐益,坚徐罢坐,导引入城。乃谓左右曰:"向坚所以不即起者,恐兵相蹈藉,诸君不得入耳。"卓兵见坚士众甚整,不敢攻城,乃引还。坚移屯梁东,大为卓军所攻,坚与数十骑溃围而出。坚常著赤罽帻,乃脱帻令亲近将祖茂著之。卓骑争逐茂,故坚从间道得免。茂困迫,下马,以帻冠冢闲烧柱,因伏草中。卓骑望见,围绕数重,定近觉是柱,乃去。坚复相收兵,合战于阳人,大破卓军,枭其都督华雄等。是时,或间坚于术,术怀疑,不运军粮。阳人去鲁阳百余里,坚夜驰见术,画地计校,曰:"所以出身不顾,上为国家讨贼,下慰将军家门之私仇。坚与卓非有骨肉之怨也,而将军受谮润之言,还相嫌疑!"术踧踖,即调发军粮。坚还屯。卓惮坚猛壮,乃遣将军李傕等来求和亲。令坚列疏子弟任刺史、郡守者,许表用之。坚曰:"卓逆天无道,荡覆王室。今不夷汝三族,悬示四海,则吾死不瞑目。岂将与乃和亲邪?"复进军大谷。拒雒九十里。卓寻徙都西入关,焚烧雒邑。坚乃前入至雒,修诸陵,平塞卓所发掘。讫,引军还,住鲁阳。
  初平三年,术使坚征荆州,击刘表。表遣黄祖逆于樊、邓之间。坚击破之,追渡汉水,遂围襄阳,单马行岘山,为祖军士所射杀。兄子贲,帅将士众就术。术复表贲为豫州刺史。
  坚四子:策、权、翊、匡。权既称尊号,谥坚曰武烈皇帝。
  策字伯符。坚初兴义兵,策将母徙居舒。与周瑜相友,收合士大夫,江、淮间人咸向之。坚薨,还葬曲阿。已乃渡江居江都。
  徐州牧陶谦深忌策。策舅吴景,时为丹杨太守,策乃载母徙曲阿,与吕范,孙河俱就景。因缘召募得数百人。兴平元年,从袁术。术甚奇之,以坚部曲还策。太傅马日磾杖节安集关东,在寿春以礼辟策,表拜怀义校尉,术大将乔蕤、张勋皆倾心敬焉。术常叹曰:"使术有子如孙郎,死复何恨!"策骑士有罪,逃入术营,隐于内厩。策指使人就斩之,讫,诣术谢。术曰:"兵人好叛,当共疾之,何为谢也?"由是军中益畏惮之。术初许策为九江太守,已而更用丹杨陈纪。后术欲攻徐州,从庐江太守陆康求米三万斛。康不与,术大怒。策昔曾诣康,康不见,使主簿接之。策常衔恨。术遣策攻康,谓曰:"前错用陈纪,每恨本意不遂。今若得康,庐江真卿有也。"策攻康,拔之。术复用其故吏刘勋为太守,策益失望。先是,刘繇为扬州刺史,州旧治寿春。
  寿春,术已据之,繇乃渡江治曲阿。时吴景尚在丹杨,策从兄贲又为丹扬都尉,繇至,皆迫逐之。景、贲退舍历阳。繇遣樊能、于麋东屯横江津,张英屯当利口,以距术。术自用故吏琅邪惠衢为扬州刺史,更以景为督军中郎将,与贲共将兵击英等,连年不克。策乃说术,乞助景等平定江东。术表策为折冲校尉,行殄寇将军,兵财千余,骑数十匹,宾客愿从者数百人。比至历阳,众五六千。策母先自曲阿徙于历阳,策又徙母阜陵,渡江转斗,所向皆破。莫敢当其锋,而军令整肃,百姓怀之。
  策为人,美姿颜,好笑语,性阔达听受,善于用人。是以士民见者,莫不尽心,乐为致死。刘繇弃军遁逃,诸郡守皆捐城郭奔走。吴人严白虎等众各万余人,处处屯聚。吴景等欲先击破虎等,乃至会稽。策曰:"虎等群盗,非有大志,此成禽耳。"遂引兵渡浙江,据会稽,屠东冶,乃攻破虎等。尽更置长吏,策自领会稽太守,复以吴景为丹杨太守,以孙贲为豫章太守,分豫章为庐陵郡,以贲弟辅为庐陵太守,丹扬朱治为吴郡太守。彭城张昭、广陵张纮、秦松、陈端等,为谋主。
  时袁术僭号,策以书责而绝之。曹公表策为讨逆将军,封为吴侯。后术死,长史杨弘、大将张勋等将其众欲就策,庐江太守刘勋要击,悉虏之,收其珍宝以归。策闻之,伪与勋好盟。勋新得术众,时豫章上缭宗民万余家在江东。策劝勋攻取之。勋既行,策轻军晨夜袭拔庐江,勋众尽降,勋独与麾下数百人自归曹公。是时袁绍方强,而策并江东,曹公力未能逞,且欲抚之。乃以弟女配策小弟匡,又为子章取贲女,皆礼辟策弟权、翊,又命扬州刺史严象举权茂才。
  建安五年,曹公与袁绍相拒于安渡,策阴欲袭许。迎汉帝,密治兵,部署诸将。未发,会为故吴郡太守许贡客所杀。先是,策杀贡,贡小子与客亡匿江边。策单骑出,卒与客遇,客击伤策。创甚,请张昭等谓曰:"中国方乱,夫以吴、越之众,三江之固,足以观成败。公等善相吾弟!"呼权佩以印绶,谓曰:"举江东之众,决机于两陈之间,与天下争衡,卿不如我。举贤任能,各尽其心,以保江东,我不如卿。"至夜卒,时年二十六。
  权称尊号,追谥策曰长沙桓王,封子绍为吴侯,后改封上虞侯。绍卒,子奉嗣。孙皓时,讹言谓奉当立,诛死。
  评曰:孙坚勇挚刚毅,孤微发迹,导温戮卓,山陵杜塞,有忠壮之烈。策英气杰济,猛锐冠世,览奇取异,志陵中夏。然皆轻佻果躁,陨身致败。且割据江东,策之基兆也。而权尊祟未至,子止侯爵,于义俭矣。
吴书·吴主传
  孙权,字仲谋。兄策既定诸郡,时权年十五,以为阳羡长。郡察孝廉,州举茂才,行奉义校尉。汉以策远修职贡,遣使者刘琬加锡命。琬语人曰:"吾观孙氏兄弟虽各才秀明达,然皆禄祚不终。惟中弟孝廉,形貌奇伟,骨体不恒,有大贵之表,年又最寿。尔试识之。"
  建安四年,从策征庐江太守刘勋。勋破,进讨黄祖于沙羡。五年。策薨,以事授权,权哭未及息。策长史张昭谓权曰:"孝廉,此宁哭时邪?且周公立法而伯禽不师,非欲违父,时不得行也。况今奸宄竞逐,豺狼满道,乃欲哀亲戚,顾礼制,是犹开门而揖盗,未可以为仁也。"乃改易权服,扶令上马,使出巡军。是时,惟有会稽、吴郡、丹杨、豫章、庐陵,然深险之地犹未尽从,而天下英豪布在州郡,宾旅寄寓之士以安危去就为意,未有君臣之固。张昭、周瑜等谓权可与共成大业,故委心而服事焉。曹公表权为讨虏将军,领会稽太守,屯吴,使丞之郡行文书事。待张昭以师傅之礼,而周瑜、程普、吕范等为将率。招延俊秀,聘求名士,鲁肃、诸葛瑾等始为宾客。分部诸将,镇抚山越,讨不从命。
  七年,权母吴氏薨。
  八年,权西伐黄祖,破其舟军,惟城未克,而山寇复动。还过豫章,使吕范平鄱阳,(会稽)程普讨乐安。太史慈领海昏,韩当、周泰、吕蒙等为剧县令长。
  九年,权弟丹杨太守翊为左右所害,以从兄瑜代翊。
  十年,权使贺齐讨上饶,分为建平县。
  十二年,西征黄祖。虏其人民而还。
  十三年春,权复征黄祖,祖先遣舟兵拒军,都尉吕蒙破其前锋。而淩统、董袭等尽锐攻之,遂屠其城。祖挺身亡走,骑士冯则追枭其首,虏其男女数万口。是岁,使贺齐讨黟、歙,分歙为始新、新定、犁阳、休阳县,以六县为新都郡。荆州牧刘表死,鲁肃乞奉命吊表二子,且以观变。肃未到,而曹公已临其境,表子琮举众以降。刘备欲南济江,肃与相见,因传权旨,为陈成败。备进住夏口,使诸葛亮诣权,权遣同瑜、程普等行。是时曹公新得表众,形势甚盛。诸议者皆望风畏惧,多劝权迎之。惟瑜、肃执拒之仪,意与权同。瑜、普为左右督,各领万人,与备俱近,遇于赤壁,大破曹公军。公烧其余船引退,士卒饥疫,死者大半。备、瑜等复追至南郡。曹公遂北还,留曹仁、徐晃于江陵,使乐进守襄阳。时甘宁在夷陵,为仁党所围,用吕蒙计,留淩统以拒仁,以其半救宁,军以胜反。权自率众围合肥,使张昭攻九江之当涂。昭兵不利,权攻城逾月不能下。曹公自荆州还,遣张喜将骑赴合肥。未至,权退。
  十四年,瑜、仁相守岁余,所杀伤甚众。仁委城走。权以瑜为南郡太守。刘备表权行车骑将军,领徐州牧。备领荆州牧,屯公安。
  十五年,分豫章为鄱阳郡;分长沙为汉昌郡。以鲁肃为太守,屯陆口。
  十六年,权徙治秣陵。明年,城石头,改秣陵为建业。闻曹公将来侵,作濡须坞。
  十八年正月,曹公攻濡须,权与相拒月余。曹公望权军,叹其齐肃,乃退。初,曹公恐江滨郡县为权所略,征令内移。民转相惊,自庐江、九江、蕲春、广陵户十余万皆东渡江。江西遂虚,合肥以南惟有皖城。
  十九年五月,权征皖城。闰月,克之。获庐江太守朱光及参军董和,男女数万口。是岁刘备定蜀。权以备已得益州,令诸葛瑾从求荆州诸郡。备不许,曰:"吾方图凉州,凉州定,乃尽以荆州与吴耳。"权曰:"此假而不反,而欲以虚辞引岁。"遂置南三郡长吏,关羽尽逐之。权大怒,乃遣吕蒙督鲜于丹、徐忠、孙规等兵二万取长沙、零陵、桂阳三郡;使鲁肃以万人屯巴丘以御关羽。权住陆口,为诸军节度。蒙到,二郡皆服,惟零陵太守郝普未下。会备到公安,使关羽将三万兵至益阳,权乃召蒙等使还助肃。蒙使人诱普,普降,尽得三郡将守。因引军还,与孙皎、潘璋并鲁肃兵并进,拒羽于益阳。未战,会曹公入汉中,备惧失益州,使使求和。权令诸葛瑾报,更寻盟好。遂分荆州、长沙、江夏、桂阳以东属权,南郡、零陵、武陵以西属备。备归,而曹公已还。权反自陆口,遂征合肥。合肥未下,彻军还。兵皆就路,权与淩统、甘宁等在津北为魏将张辽所袭,统等以死扞权。权乘骏马越津桥得去。
  二十一年冬,曹公次于居巢,遂攻濡须。
  二十二年春,权令都尉徐详诣曹公请降,公报使修好,誓重结婚。
  二十三年十月,权将如吴,亲乘马射虎于庱亭。马为虎所伤,权投以双戟,虎却废。常从张世击以戈,获之。
  二十四年,关羽围曹仁于襄阳,曹公遣左将军于禁救之。会汉水暴起,羽以舟兵尽生虏禁等步骑三万送江陵,惟城未拔。权内惮羽,外欲以为己功,笺与曹公,乞以讨羽自效。曹公且欲使羽与权相持以斗之,驿传权书,使曹仁以弩射示羽。羽犹豫不能去。闰月,权征羽,先遣吕蒙袭公安,获将军士仁。蒙到南郡,南郡太守糜芳以城降,蒙据江陵,抚其老弱,释于禁之囚。陆逊别取宜都,获秭归、枝江、夷道,还屯夷陵,守峡口以备蜀。关羽还当阳,西保麦城。权使诱之。羽伪降,立幡旗为象人于城上,因遁走,兵皆解散,尚十余骑。权先使朱然、潘璋断其径路。十二月,璋司马马忠获羽及其子平、都督赵累等于章乡,遂定荆州。是岁大疫,尽除荆州民租税。曹公表权为骠骑将军,假节领荆州牧,封南昌侯。权遣校尉梁寓奉贡于汉。及令王惇市马,又遣朱光等归。
  二十五年春正月,曹公薨。太子丕代为丞相魏王,改年为延康。秋,魏将梅敷使张俭求见抚纳。南阳阴、酂筑阳、山都、中庐五县民五千家来附。冬,魏嗣王称尊号,改元为黄初。
  二年四月,刘备称帝于蜀。权自公安都鄂,改名武昌,以武昌、下雉、寻阳、阳新、柴桑、沙羡六县为武昌郡。五月,建业言甘露降。八月,城武昌,下令诸将曰:"夫存不忘亡,安必虑危,古之善教。昔隽不疑汉之名臣,于安平之世刀剑不离于身,盖君子之于武备,不可以已。况今处身疆畔,豺狼交接,而可轻忽不思变难哉?顷闻诸将出入,各尚谦约,不从人兵,甚非备虑爱身之谓。夫保己遗名,以安君亲,孰与危辱?宜深警戒,务祟其大,副孤意焉。"自魏文帝践阼,权使命称藩,及遣于禁等还。十一月,策命权曰:"盖圣王之法,以德设爵,以功制禄;劳大者禄厚,德盛者礼丰。故叔旦有夹辅之勋,太公有鹰扬之功,并启土宇,并受备物,所以表章元功,殊异贤哲也。近汉高祖受命之初,分裂膏腴以王八姓。斯则前世之懿事,后王之元龟也。朕以不德,承运革命,君临万国,秉统天机。思齐先代,坐而待旦。惟君天资忠亮,命世作佐,深睹历数,达见废兴。远遣行人,浮于潜汉。望风影附,抗疏称藩,兼纳纤絺南方之贡,普遣诸将来还本朝。忠肃内发,款诚外昭,信著金石,义盖山河。朕甚嘉焉。今封君为吴王,使使持节太常高平侯贞,授君玺绶策书、金虎符第一至第五、左竹使符第一至第十,以大将军使持节督交州,领荆州牧事,锡君青土,苴以白茅,对扬朕命,以尹东夏。其上故骠骑将军南昌侯印绶符策。今又加君九锡,其敬听后命。以君绥安东南,纲纪江外,民夷安业,无或携贰。是用锡尹大辂、戎辂各一,玄牡二驷。君务财劝农,仓库盈积,是用锡君衮冕之服,赤舄副焉。君化民以德,礼教兴行,是用锡君轩县之乐。君宣导休风,怀柔百越,是用锡君朱户以居。君运其才谋,官方任贤,是用锡君纳陛以登。君忠勇并奋,清除奸慝,是用锡君虎贲之士百人。君振威陵迈,宣力荆南,枭灭凶丑,罪人斯得。是用锡君鈇钺各一,君文和于内,武信于外,是用锡君彤弓一、彤矢百、玈弓十、玈矢千。君以忠肃为基,恭俭为德,是用锡君秬鬯一卣,圭瓒副焉。钦哉!敬敷训典,以服朕命,以勖相我国家,永终尔显烈。"是岁,刘备师军来伐,至巫山、秭归,使使诱导武陵蛮夷,假与印传,许之封赏。于是诸县及五谿民皆反为蜀。权以陆逊为督,督朱然、潘璋等以拒之。遣都尉赵咨使魏。魏帝问曰:"吴王何等主也?"咨对曰:"聪明仁智,雄略之主也。"帝问其状,咨曰:"纳鲁肃于凡品,是其聪也;拔吕蒙于行陈,是其明也;获于禁而不害,是其仁也;取荆州而兵不血刃,是其智也;据三州虎视于天下,是其雄也;屈身于陛下,是其略也。"帝欲封权子登,权以登年幼,上书辞封,重遣西曹掾沈珩陈谢,并献方物。立登为王太子。
  黄武元年春正月,陆逊部将军宋谦等攻蜀五屯,皆破之,斩其将。三月,鄱阳言黄龙见。蜀军分据险地,前后五十余营。逊随轻重以兵应拒,自正月至闰月,大破之。临陈所斩及投兵降首数万人。刘备奔走,仅以身免。
  初权外托事魏,而诚心不款。魏欲遣待中辛毗、尚书桓阶往与盟誓,并征任子,权辞让不受。秋九月,魏乃命曹休、张辽、臧霸出洞口,曹仁出濡须,曹真、夏侯尚、张郃、徐晃围南郡。权遣吕范等督五军,以舟军拒休等,诸葛瑾、潘璋、杨粲救南郡,朱桓以濡须督拒仁。时扬、越蛮夷多未平集,内难未弭,故权卑辞上书,求自改厉,"若罪在难除,必不见置,当奉还土地民人。乞寄命交州,以终余年。"文帝报曰:"君生于扰攘之际,本有从横之志,降身奉国,以享兹祚。自君策名已来,贡献盈路。讨备之功,国朝仰成。埋而掘之,古人之所耻。朕之与君,大义已定,岂乐劳师远临江汉?廊庙之议,王者所不得专;三公上君过失,皆有本末、朕以不明。虽有曾母投杼之疑,犹冀言者不信,以为国福。故先遣使者犒劳,又遣尚书、侍中践修前言,以定任子。君遂设辞,不欲使进,议者怪之。又前都尉浩周劝君遣子,乃实朝臣交谋,以此卜君,君果有辞,外引隗嚣遣子不终,内喻窦融守忠而已。世殊时异,人各有心。浩周之还,口陈指麾,益令议者发明众嫌,终始之本,无所据杖,故遂俛仰从群臣议。今省上事,款诚深至,心用慨然,凄怆动容。即日下诏,敕诸军但深沟高垒,不得妄进。若君必效忠节,以解疑议,登身朝到,夕召兵还。此言之诚,有如大江!"权遂改年,临江拒守。冬十一月,大风。范等兵溺死者数千,余军还江南。曹休使臧霸以轻船五百、敢死万人袭攻徐陵,烧攻城车,杀略数千人。将军全琮、徐盛追斩魏将尹卢。杀获数百。十二月,权使太中大夫郑泉聘刘备于白帝,始复通也。然犹与魏文帝相往来,至后年乃绝。是岁,改夷陵为西陵。
  二年春正月,曹真分军据江陵中州。是月,城江夏山。改四分,用乾象历。三月,曹仁遣将军常彫等,以兵五千,乘油船,晨渡濡须中州。仁子泰因引军急攻朱桓,桓兵拒之。遣将军严圭等击破彫等。是月,魏军皆退。夏四月,权群臣劝即尊号,权不许。刘备薨于白帝。五月,曲阿言甘露降。先是戏口守将晋宗杀将王直,以众叛如魏,魏以为蕲春太守,数犯边境。六月,权令将军贺齐麋芳、刘邵等袭蕲春,邵等生虏宗。冬十一月,蜀使中郎将邓芝来聘。
  三年夏,遣辅义中郎将张温聘于蜀。秋八月,赦死罪。九月,魏文帝出广陵,望大江,曰"彼有人焉,未可图也",乃还。
  四年夏五月,丞相孙邵卒。六月,以太常顾雍为丞相。皖口言木连理。冬十二月,鄱阳贼彭绮自称将军,攻没诸县,众数万人。是岁地连震。
  五年春,令曰:"军兴日久,民离农畔,父子夫妇,不听相卹,孤甚愍之。今北虏缩窜,方外无事,其下州郡,有以宽息。"是时,陆逊以所在少谷,表令诸将增广农亩。权报曰:"甚善。今孤父子亲自受田,车中八牛以为四耦,虽未及古人,亦欲与众均等其劳也。"秋七月,权闻魏文帝崩,征江夏,围石阳,不克而还。苍梧言凤凰见。分三郡恶地十县置东安郡,以全琮为太守,平讨山越。冬十月,陆逊陈便宜,劝以施德缓刑,宽赋息调。又云:"忠谠之言,不能极陈,求容小臣,数以利闻。"权报曰:"夫法令之设,欲以遏恶防邪,儆戒未然也。焉得不有刑罚以威小人乎?此为先令后诛,不欲使有犯者耳。君以为太重者,孤亦何利其然,但不得已而为之耳。今承来意,当重咨谋,务从其可。且近臣有尽规之谏,亲戚有补察之箴,所以匡君正主明忠信也。《书》载"予违汝弼,汝无面从",孤岂不乐忠言以自裨补邪?而云"不敢极陈",何得为忠谠哉?若小臣之中,有可纳用者,宁得以人废言而不采择乎?但谄媚取容,虽闇亦所明识也。至于发调者,徒以天下未定,事以众济。若徒守江东,修崇宽政,兵自足用,复用多为?顾坐自守可陋耳。若不豫调,恐临时未可便用也。又孤与君分义特异,荣戚实同,来表云不敢随众容身苟免,此实甘心所望于君也。"于是令有司尽写科条,使郎中褚逢赍以就逊及诸葛瑾,意所不安,令损益之。是岁,分交州置广州。俄复旧。
  六年春正月,诸将,获彭绮。闰月,韩当子综以其众降魏。
  七年春三月,封子虑为建昌侯,罢东安郡。夏五月,鄱阳太守周鲂伪叛,诱魏将曹休。秋八月,权至皖口,使将军陆逊督诸将大破休于石亭。大司马吕范卒。是岁,改合浦为珠官郡。
  黄龙元年春,公卿百司皆劝权正尊号。夏四月,夏口、武昌并言黄龙、凤凰见。丙申,南郊即皇帝位。是日大赦。改年,追尊父破虏将军坚为武烈皇帝,母吴氏为武烈武皇后,兄讨逆将军策为长沙桓王。吴王太子登为皇太子。将吏皆近爵加赏。
  初,兴平中,吴中童谣曰:"黄金车,班兰耳,闿昌门,出天子。"五月,使校尉张刚、管笃之辽东。六月,蜀遣卫尉陈震庆权践位。权乃参分天下,豫、青、徐、幽属吴,兖,冀,并,凉属蜀。其司州之土,以函谷关为界,造为盟曰:"天降丧乱,皇纲失叙,逆臣乘衅,劫夺国柄,始于董卓,终于曹操,穷凶极恶,以覆四海。至令九州幅裂,普天无统,民神痛怨,靡所戾止。及操子丕,桀逆遗丑,荐作奸回,偷取天位。而睿么麽,寻丕凶迹,阻兵盗土,未伏厥诛。昔共工乱象而高辛行师,三苗干度虞舜征焉。今日灭曹,禽其徒党,非汉与吴,将复谁任?夫讨恶剪暴,必声其罪。宜先分裂,夺其土地,使士民之心,各知所归。是以《春秋》晋侯伐卫。先分其田以畀宋人,斯其义也。且古建大事,必先盟誓,故《周礼》有司盟之官,《尚书》有告誓之文,汉之与吴,虽信由中。然分土裂境,宜有盟约。诸葛丞相德威远著,翼戴本国,典戎在外,信感阴阳。诚动天地,重复结盟,广诚约誓,使东西士民咸共闻知。故立坛杀牲,昭告神明,再歃加书,副之天府,天高听下,灵威棐湛,司慎司盟,群神群祀,莫不临之。自今日汉、吴既盟之后,戮力一心,同讨魏贼,救危恤患,分灾共庆,好恶齐之,无或携贰。若有害汉,则吴伐之;若有害吴,则汉伐之。各守分士,无相侵犯。传之后叶,克终若始。凡百之约,皆如载书,信言不艳,实居于好。有渝此盟,创祸先乱,违贰不协,慆慢天命,明神上帝是讨是督,山川百神是纠是殛,俾坠其师,无克祚国。于尔大神,其明鉴之!"秋九月,权迁都建业,因固府不改馆,征上大将军陆逊辅太子登,掌武昌留事。
  二年春正月,魏作合肥新城。诏立都讲祭酒,以教学诸子。遣将军卫温、诸葛直将甲士万人,浮海求夷洲及亶洲。亶洲在海中,长老传言:秦始皇帝遣方士徐福将童男童女数千人入海,求蓬莱神山及仙药,止此洲不还。世相承有数万家,其上人民。时有至会稽货布,会稽东县人海行,亦有遭风流移至亶洲者。所在绝远,卒不可得至,但得夷洲数千人还。
  三年春二月,遣太常潘浚率众五万,讨武陵蛮夷。卫温、诸葛直皆以违诏无功,下狱诛。夏有野蚕成茧,大如卵。由拳野稻自生,改为禾兴县。中郎将孙布诈降以诱魏将王淩,淩以军迎布。冬十月,权以大兵潜伏于阜陵俟之,淩觉而走。会稽南始平言嘉禾生。十二月丁卯,大赦,改明元年也。
  嘉禾元年春正月,建昌侯虑卒。三月,遣将军周贺、校尉裴潜乘海之辽东。秋九月,魏将田豫要击,斩贺于成山。冬十月,魏辽东太守公孙渊遣校尉宿舒、阆中令孙综称藩于权,并献貂马。权大悦,加渊爵位。
  二年春正月,诏曰:"朕以不德,肇受元命,夙夜兢兢,不遑假寝。思平世难,救济黎庶,上答神祗,下慰民望;是以眷眷,勤求俊杰,将与戮力,共定海内。苟在同心,与之偕老。今使持节督幽州领青州牧辽东太守燕王,久胁贼虏,隔在一方,虽乃心于国,其路靡缘。今因天命。远遣二使,款诚显露,章表殷勤,朕之得此,何喜如之!虽汤遇伊尹,周获吕望,世祖未定而得河右,方之今日。岂复是过?普天一统,于是定矣。《书》不云乎。"一人有庆,兆民赖之"。其大赦天下,与之更始,其明下州郡,咸使闻知。特下燕国,奉宣诏恩,今普天率土备闻斯庆。"三月,遣舒、综还,使太常张弥、执金吾许晏、将军贺达等将兵万人,金宝珍货,九锡备物,乘海授渊。举朝大臣,自丞相雍已下皆谏,以为渊未可信,而宠待太厚。但可遣吏兵数百护送舒、综,权终不听。渊果斩弥等,送其首于魏,没其兵资。权大怒,欲自征渊,尚书仆射薛综等切谏乃止。是岁,权向合肥新城,遣将军全琼征六安,皆不克还。
  三年春正月,诏曰:"兵久不辍,民困于役,岁或不登。其宽诸逋,勿复督课。"夏五月,权遣陆逊、诸葛瑾等屯江夏、沔口,孙韶、张承等向广陵、淮阳,权率大众围合肥新城。是时蜀相诸葛亮出武功,权谓魏明帝不能远出,而帝遣兵助司马宣拒亮。自率水军东征。未至寿春,权退还,孙韶亦罢。秋八月,以诸葛恪为丹杨太守,讨山越。九月朔,陨霜伤谷。冬十一月,太常潘浚平武陵蛮夷,事毕,还武昌。诏复曲阿为云阳,丹徒为武进。庐陵贼李桓、罗厉等为乱。
  四年夏,遣吕岱讨桓等。秋七月,有雹。魏使以马求易珠玑、翡翠、瑇瑁,权曰:"此皆孤所不用,而可得马。何苦而不听其交易?"
  五年春,铸大钱,一当五百。诏使吏民输铜,计铜畀直。设盗铸之科。二月,武昌言甘露降于礼宾殿。辅吴将军张昭卒。中郎将吾粲获李桓,将军唐咨获罗厉等。自十月不雨,至于夏。冬十月,彗星见于东方。鄱阳贼彭旦等为乱。
  六年春正月,诏曰:"夫三年之丧,天下之达制,人情之极痛也。贤者割哀以从礼,不肖者勉而致之。世治道泰,上下无事,君子不夺人情。故三年不逮孝子之门。至于有事,则杀礼以从宜,要绖而处事。故圣人制法;有礼无时则不行。遭丧不奔非古也,盖随时之宜,以义断恩也。前故设科,长吏在官,当须交代,而故犯之。虽随纠坐,犹已废旷。方事之殷,国家多难,凡在官司,宜各尽节,先公后私,而不恭承,甚非谓也。中外群僚,其更平议,务令得中,详为节度。"顾谭议,以为"奔丧立科,轻则不足以禁孝子之情,重则本非应死之罪,虽严刑益设,违夺必少。若偶有犯者,加其刑则恩所不忍,有减则法废不行。愚以为长吏在远,苟不告语,势不得知。比选代之间,若有传者,必加大辟,则长吏无废职之负,孝子无犯重之刑。"将军胡综议,以为"丧纪之礼,虽有典制,苟无其时,所不得行。方今戎事军国异容,而长吏遭丧,知有科禁,公敢干突,苟念闻忧不奔之耻,不计为臣犯禁之罪,此由科防本轻所致。忠节在国,孝道立家,出身为臣,焉得兼之?故为忠臣不得为孝子。宜定科文,示以大辟。若故违犯,有罪无赦。以杀止杀,行之一人,其后必绝。"丞相雍奏从大辟。其后吴令孟宗丧母奔赴,已而自拘于武昌以听刑。陆逊陈其素行,因为之请,权乃减宗一等,后不得以为比,因此遂绝。二月,陆逊讨彭旦等,其年,皆破之。冬十月,遣卫将军全综袭六安,不克。诸葛恪平山越事毕,北屯庐江。
  赤乌元年春,铸当千大钱。夏,吕岱讨卢陵贼,毕,还陆口。秋八月,武昌言麒麟见。有司奏言麒麟者太平之应,宜改年号。诏曰:"间者赤乌集于殿前,朕所亲见。若神灵以为嘉祥者,改年宜以赤乌为元。"群臣奏曰:"昔武王伐纣,有赤乌之祥,君臣观之,遂有天下,圣人书策载述最详者,以为近事既嘉,亲见又明也。"于是改年。步夫人卒,追赠皇后。初,权信任校事吕壹,壹性苛惨,用法深刻。太子登数谏,权不纳,大臣由是莫敢言。后壹奸罪发露伏诛,权引咎责躬,乃使中书郎袁礼告谢诸大将,因问时事所当损益。礼还,复有诏责数诸葛瑾、步骘、朱然,吕岱等曰:"袁礼还,云与子瑜、子山、义封、定公相见,并以时事当有所先后,各自以不掌民事,不肯便有所陈,悉推之伯言、承明。伯言、承明见礼,泣涕恳恻,辞旨辛苦,至乃怀执危怖,有不自安之心。闻此怅然,深自刻怪。何者?夫惟圣人能无过行,明者能自见耳。人之举措,何能悉中,独当己有伤拒众意,忽不自觉,故诸君有嫌难耳。不尔,何缘乃至于此乎?自孤兴军五十年,所役赋凡百皆出于民。天下未定,孽类犹存,士民勤苦,诚所贯知。然劳百姓,事不得已耳。与诸君从事,自少至长,发有二色,以谓表里足以明露,公私分计,足用相保。尽言直谏,所望诸君,拾遗补阙,孤亦望之。昔卫武公年过志壮,勤求辅弼,每独叹责。且布衣韦带,相与交结,分成好合,尚污垢不异。今日诸君与孤从事,虽君臣义存,犹谓骨肉不复是过。荣福喜戚,相与共之。忠不匿情,智无遗计,事统是非,诸君岂得从容而已哉?同船济水,将谁与易?齐桓诸侯之霸者耳,有善管子未尝不叹,有过未尝不谏,谏而不得,终谏不止。今孤自省无桓公之德,而诸君谏诤未出于口,仍执嫌难。以此言之,孤于齐桓良优,未知诸君于管子何如耳?久不相见,因事当笑。共定大业,整齐天下,当复有谁?凡百事要所当损益,乐闻异计,匡所不逮。"
  二年春三月,遣使者羊衜、郑胄、将军孙怡之辽东。击魏守将张持、高虑等,虏得男女。零陵言甘露降。夏五月,城沙羡。冬十月,将军蒋秘南讨夷贼。秘所领都督廖式杀临贺太守严纲等,自称平南将军,与弟潜共攻零陵,桂阳,及摇动交州,苍梧,郁林诸都,众数万人。遣将军吕岱、唐咨讨之,岁余皆破。
  三年春正月,诏曰:"盖君非民不立,民非谷不生。顷者以来。民多征役,岁又水旱,年谷有损,而吏或不良,侵夺民时,以致饥困。自今以来,督军郡守,其谨察非法,当农桑时,以役事扰民者,举正以闻。"夏四月,大赦,诏诸郡县治城郭,起谯楼,穿堑发渠,以备盗贼。冬十一月,民饥,诏开仓廪以赈贫穷。
  四年春正月,大雪平地深三尺,鸟兽死者大半。夏四月,遣卫将军全琮略淮南。决芍陂,烧安城邸阁,收其人民。威北将军诸葛恪攻六安。琮与魏将王淩战于芍陂,中即将秦晃等十余人战死。车骑将军朱然围樊,大将军诸葛瑾取柤中。五月,太子登卒。是月,魏太傅司马宣王救樊。六月,军还。闰月,大将军瑾卒。秋八月,陆逊城邾。
  五年春正月,立子和为太子,大赦。改禾兴为嘉兴。百官奏立皇后及四王,诏曰:"今天下未定,民物劳瘁,且有功者或未录,饥寒者尚未恤,猥割土壤以丰子弟,祟爵位以宠妃妾,孤甚不取。其释此议。"三月,海盐县言黄龙见。夏四月,禁进献御,减太官膳。秋七月,遣将军聂友、校尉陆凯以兵三万讨珠崖、儋耳。是岁,大疫,有司又奏立后及诸王。八月,立子霸为鲁王。
  六年春正月,新都言白虎见。诸葛恪征六安,破魏将谢顺营,收其民人。冬十一月,丞相顾雍卒。十二月,扶南王范旃遣使献乐人及方物。是岁,司马宣王率军入舒,诸葛亮恪自皖迁于柴桑。
  七年春正月,以上大将军陆逊为丞相。秋,宛陵言嘉禾生。是岁,步骘、朱然等各上疏云:"自蜀还者,咸言欲背盟与魏交通,多作舟船,缮治城郭,又蒋琬守汉中。闻司马懿南向,不出兵乘虚以掎角之,反委汉中,还近成都。事已彰灼,无所复疑,宜为之备。"权揆其不然,曰:"吾待蜀不薄,聘享盟誓,无所负之。何以致此?又司马懿前来入舒,旬日便退,蜀在万里,何知缓急而便出兵乎?昔魏欲入汉川,此间始严,亦未举动,会闻魏还而止。蜀宁可复以此有疑邪?又人家治国,舟船城郭,何得不护?今此间治军,宁复欲以御蜀邪?人言苦不可信,朕为诸君破家保之。"蜀竞自无谋,如权所筹。
  八年春二月,丞相陆逊卒。夏,雷霆犯宫门柱,又击南津大桥楹。茶陵县鸿水溢出,流漂居民二百余家。秋七月,将军马茂等图逆,夷三族。八月,大赦。遣校尉陈勋将屯田及作士三万人凿句容中道,自小其至云阳西城,通会市,作邸阁。
  九年春二月,车骑将军朱然征魏柤中,斩获千余。夏四月,武昌言甘露降。秋九月,以骠骑步骘为丞相,车骑朱然为左大司马,卫将军全琮为右大司马,镇南吕岱为上大将军,威北将军诺葛恪为大将军。
  十年春正月,右大司马全琮卒。二月,权适南宫。三月,改作太初宫,诸将及州郡皆义作。夏五月,丞相步骘卒。冬十月,赦死罪。
  十一年春正月,朱然城江陵。二月,地仍震。三月,宫成。夏四月,雨雹,云阳言黄龙见。五月,鄱阳言白虎仁。诏曰:"古者圣王积行累善,修身行道,以有天下。故符瑞应之,所以表德也。朕以不明,何以臻兹?《书》云"虽休勿休",公卿百司,其勉修所职,以匡不逮。"
  十二年春三月,左大司马朱然卒。四月,有两乌衔鹊堕东馆。丙寅,骠骑将军朱据领丞相,燎鹊以祭。
  十三年夏五月,日至,荧惑入南斗。秋七月,犯魁第二星而东。八月,丹阳、句容及故鄣、宁国诸山崩,鸿水溢。诏原通责,给贷种食。废太子和,处故鄣。鲁王霸赐死。冬十月,魏将文钦伪叛以诱朱异,权遣吕据就异以迎钦。异等待重,钦不敢进。十一月,立子亮为太子。遣军十万,作堂邑涂塘以淹北道。十二月,魏大将军王昶围南郡,荆州刺史王基攻西陵,遣将军戴烈、陆凯往拒之,皆引还。是岁,神人授书,告以改年、立后。
  太元元年夏五月,立皇后潘氏,大赦,改年。初临海罗阳县有神,自称王表。周旋民间,语言饮食,与人无异,然不见其形。又有一婢,名纺绩。是月,遣中书郎李祟赍、辅国将军罗阳王印绶迎表。表随崇俱出,与祟及所在郡守令长谈论,祟等无以易。所历山川,辄遣婢与其神相闻。秋七月,祟与表至,权于苍龙门外为立第舍,数使近臣赍酒食往。表说水旱小事,往往有验。秋八月朔,大风。江海涌溢,平地深八尺,吴高陵松柏斯拔,郡城南门飞落。冬十一月,大赦。权祭南郊还,寝疾。十二月,驿征大将军恪,拜为太子太傅。诏省徭役,减征赋,除民所患苦。
  二年春正月,立故太子和为南阳王,居长沙。子奋为齐王,居武昌。子休为琅瑚邪王,居虎林。二月,大赦,改元为神凤。皇后潘氏薨。诸将吏数诣王表请福,表亡去。夏四月,权薨,时年七十一,谥曰大皇帝。秋七月,葬蒋陵。
  评曰:孙权屈身忍辱,任才尚计,有勾践之奇,英人之杰矣。故能自擅江表,成鼎峙之业。然性多嫌忌,果于杀戮,暨臻末年,弥以滋甚。至于谗说殄行,胤嗣废毙,岂所谓赐厥孙谋以燕冀于者哉?其后叶陵迟,遂致覆国,未必不由此也。