shǒuyè>> wénxué>> 现实百态>> 列夫·托尔斯泰 Leo Tolstoy   俄罗斯 Russia   俄罗斯帝国   (1828年9月9日1910年11月20日)
huó Resurrection
  niè liú dào gōng jué shì fāng yuàn de péi shěn yuán cān jiā shěn rén de mìng 'àn liàocóng luò yòu de yǎn shén zhōng rèn chū yuán lái shì qīng nián shí dài liàn guò de qiū suō shì shí nián qián de wǎng xiàng zhǎn xiàn zài niè liú dào yǎn qiándāng shí hái shì xué shēngshǔ zhù zài de zhuāng yuán xiě lùn wén shàn liáng qíngchōng mǎn xiǎng zhōng fāng jìn xiǎngbìng 'ài shàng liǎo jiā de yǎng jiān qiū suō men wán shuǎ tán tiāngǎn qíng chún jié xiásān nián hòuniè liú dào xué jìn liǎo jìn wèi jūn tuán guò zhuāng yuánzài jiàn dào liǎo qiū suōzài huó jié de zhuāng yán fēn zhōng kàn zhe shēn chuān xuě bái lián qún díkǎ qiū suō de miáo tiáo shēn cái fàn hóng yùn de liǎn dàn shuāng lüè dài xié yǎn de hēi liàng de yǎn jīngzài yàn liǎo chún jié de 'ài qíng zhī dàn shìzhè hòushì guān niàn qíng zhàn liǎo shàng fēngzài lín xíng qián zhàn yòu liǎo qiū suōbìng pāo liǎo hòu lái tīng shuō duò luò liǎo jiù chè wàng quèxiàn zài shí dào de zuì guòliáng xīn shòu dào qiǎn dàn yòu bèi luò rèn chū dāng chǎng chū chǒunèi xīn fēi cháng jǐn zhāng fēn luàn guānpéi shěn yuán xīn zài yānkōng lùnjiēguǒ cuò pàn luò liú fàng niánděng niè liú dào gǎo qīng chǔ men shī zhí zào chéng de hòu guǒkàn dào luò bèi xuān pàn hòu shī shēng tòng yuān wǎng de cǎn zhuàng jué xīn zhǎo tíng cháng shī shè jiù shī gào yīnggāi shàng
     niè liú dào huái zhe dòng de xīn qíng 'àn yuē bèi rèn wéi shì de wèi hūn jiā yànběn lái zhè de háo huá pài gāo fēn wéi cháng cháng shǐ gǎn dào 'ān shū shìdàn jīn tiān fǎng kàn tòu liǎo měi rén de běn zhìjué yàng yàng yàn 'ěr chá gēng jiāng jūn jià réngōng jué rén zhuāng qiāng zuò shì jiè qián bié
     huí dào jiā zhōng kāi shǐ fǎnxǐngjìn xíng líng hún jìng huà xiàn zhōu wéi de réndōu shìyòu chǐyòu zēng”。 qīn shēng qián de xíng wéi guì cháng de nuǎn mèi guān fǎn duì yòuquè yòu chéng qīn de tián zhuāng gōng huī huòzhè qiēdōu shì zài duì qiū suō fàn xià zuì xíng hòu shēng de jué dìng gǎi biàn quán shēng huó 'èr tiān jiù xiàng guǎn jiā xuān shōu shí hǎo dōng tuì bān chū zhè zuò fáng
     niè liú dào dào jiān tàn wàng luò xiàng wèn men de hái kāi shǐ hěn jīng dàn yòu yuàn chù dòng chuāngshāngzhǐ jiǎn dān duì dāng zuò yòng de nán rénxiàng yào shí yān jiǔ qián zuì 'èr niè liú dào yòu tàn jiān bìng biǎo shì yào shú zuìshèn zhì yào jié hūnzhè shí qiū suō chū liǎo bēi fèn de zhǐ :“ jīn shì yòng zuò lái shì hái xiǎng yòng lái zhěng jiù !” hòu lái niè liú dào bāng zhù de nán yǒugǎi shàn de chǔjìng jiè yān jiè jiǔ xué hǎo
     niè liú dào fēn sàn bēn zǒu bǎo shàng céngjiēguǒ shàng réng bèi huí zhǐ hǎo xiàng huáng qǐng yuàn huí zhǔn bèi suí qiū suō zhōng qiū suō shēn shòu zhèng zhì fàn gāo shàng qíng cāo de gǎn rǎnyuán liàng liǎo niè liú dào wèile de xìng tóng zūn zhòng tiē de méng sōng jié niè liú dào cóngshèng jīngzhōng dàorén lèi yīnggāi xiāng qīn xiāng 'ài chóu shìde shì
     zhè liǎng zhù rén gōng de jīng biǎo xiàn liǎo men zài jīng shén shàng dào shàng de huóxiǎo shuō jiē liǎo xiē tān zāng wǎng de guān chù liǎo jiù shè huì zhì de běn zhì
    
   xiǎo shuō bèi jǐng
  
    《 huóshì tuō 'ěr tài de wǎn dài biǎo zuòzhè shí zuò jiā shì jiè guān jīng shēng biànpāo liǎo shàng céng zhù guì jiē céng de chuán tǒng guān diǎnyòng zōng nóng mín de yǎn guāng chóngxīn shěn chá liǎo zhǒng shè huì xiàn xiàngtōng guò nán zhù rén gōng de zāo lín jìn zhì miáo huì chū shā 'é shè huì de zhēn shí jǐngcǎo jiān rén mìng de tíng jiān jìn bǎi xìng de láo jīn huī huáng de jiào táng lán qiáo cuì de fàn rénhuāng yán chǎn de nóng cūn háo huá shē chǐ de jīng máng máng de shǒu kào jiǎo liào de zhèng zhì fàntuō 'ěr tài zuì qīng xǐng de xiàn shí zhù tài duì dāng shí de quán tào guó jiā jìn xíng liǎo liè de pēng rán 'ér zài huózhōngtuō 'ěr tài suī rán duì xiàn shí shè huì zuò liǎo liè de pēng jiē liǎo shè huì zhì de běn zhìdàn shì xiǎo shuō jié wěiréng rán gǎi shè huì de wàng jiàoyòu de zōng jiào guān qiáng xíng zhí xiǎo shuō dāng zhōngbìng qiě jīhū fǒu dìng liǎo běn zhù qiē guó jiā de qiē zuò yòng shuō shì xiǎo shuō xiǎng jìng jiè shàng de hàn
     xiǎo shuō yuán jìhuà chuàng zuò dàn zhǐ chuàng zuò liǎo sān


  Resurrection (Russian: Воскресение, Voskreseniye), first published in 1899, was the last novel written by Leo Tolstoy.
  
  The book is the last of his major long fiction works published in his lifetime (it was first serialized in the popular weekly Niva). Tolstoy intended the novel as an exposition of injustice of man-made laws and the hypocrisy of institutionalized church. It was first published serially in the magazine Niva as an effort to raise funds for the resettlement of the Dukhobors.
  
  Plot outline
  
  The story is about a nobleman named Dmitri Ivanovich Nekhlyudov, who seeks redemption for a sin committed years earlier. His brief affair with a maid resulted in her being fired and ending up in prostitution. The book treats his attempts to help her out of her current misery, but also focuses on his personal mental and moral struggle.
  
  Framed for murder, the maid, Maslova, is convicted by mistake, sent to Siberia. Nekhlyudov goes to visit her in prison, meets other prisoners, hears their stories, and slowly comes to realize that all around his charmed and golden aristocratic world, yet invisible to it, is a much larger world of oppression, misery and barbarism. Story after story he hears and even sees of people chained without cause, beaten without cause, immured in dungeons for life without cause—and all punctuated like lightning flashes by startling vignettes—a twelve year old boy sleeping in a lake of human dung from an overflowing latrine because there is no other place on the prison floor, but clinging in a vain search for love to the leg of the man next to him—until the book achieves the bizarre intensity of a horrific fever dream.
  Popular and critical reception
  
  The book was eagerly awaited. "How all of us rejoiced," one critic wrote on learning that Tolstoy had decided to make his first fiction in 25 years, not a short novella but a full-length novel. "May God grant that there will be more and more!" It outsold Anna Karenina and War and Peace. Despite its early success, today Resurrection is not as famous as the works that preceded it.
  
  Some writers have said that Resurrection has characters that are one-dimensional and that as a whole the book lacks Tolstoy's earlier attention to detail. By this point, Tolstoy was writing in a style that favored meaning over aesthetic quality.
  
  The book faced much censorship upon publication. The complete and accurate text was not published until 1936. Many publishers printed their own editions because they assumed that Tolstoy had given up all copyrights as he had done with previous books. Instead, Tolstoy kept the copyright and donated all royalties to Doukhobor,who were Russian pacifists hoping to emigrate to Canada.
  Adaptations
  
  Operatic adaptations of the novel include the Risurrezione by Italian composer Franco Alfano, Vzkriesenie by Slovak composer Ján Cikker, and Resurrection by American composer Tod Machover. Additionally, various film adaptations have been produced. The well known version is a Russian film Resurrection directed by Mikhail Shveitser with Evgeniy Matveyev, Tamara Semina and Pavel Massalsky.
  《 tài yīn shí zhāng 'èr shí jié zhì 'èr shí 'èr jié:“ shí jìn qián láiduì shuōzhù 'ā xiōng zuì dāng ráo shù dào me shuō duì shuō shì dào nǎi shì dào shí 。”
  《 tài yīn zhāng sān jié:“ wèishénme kàn jiàn xiōng yǎn zhōng yòu què xiǎng yǎn zhōng yòu liáng ?”
  《 yuē hàn yīn zhāng jié:“ men zhōng jiān shuí shì méi yòu zuì deshuí jiù xiān shí tóu 。”
  《 jiā yīn liù zhāng shí jié:“ xué shēng néng gāo guò xiān shēngfán xué chéng liǎo de guò xiān shēng yàng。”


  Opinions about Tolstoy and his work differ, but on one point there surely might be unanimity. A writer of world-wide reputation should be at least allowed to know how to spell his own name. Why should any one insist on spelling it "Tolstoi" (with one, two or three dots over the "i"), when he himself writes it "Tolstoy"? The only reason I have ever heard suggested is, that in England and America such outlandish views are attributed to him, that an outlandish spelling is desirable to match those views.
   This novel, written in the rough by Tolstoy some years ago and founded upon an actual occurrence, was completely rewritten by him during the last year and a half, and all the proceeds have been devoted by him to aiding the Doukhobors, a sect who were persecuted in the Caucasus (especially from 1895 to 1898) for refusing to learn war. About seven thousand three hundred of them are settled in Canada, and about a hundred of the leaders are exiled to the remote parts of Siberia.
   Anything I may receive for my work in translating the book will go to the same cause. "Prevention is better than cure," and I would rather help people to abstain from killing and wounding each other than devote the money to patch up their wounds after the battle.
   LOUISE MAUDE
  jìn guǎn hǎo shí wàn rén zài xiǎo kuài fāngjié zāo miàn quán fēijìn guǎn men shí tóu jìn ràng huā cǎo shù shēngzhǎngjìn guǎn men chú jìn gāng chū de xiǎo cǎo méi tàn shí yóu shāo yān téng téngjìn guǎn men làn shù zhú niǎo shòuzài chéng shì chūn tiān jìng hái shì chūn tiānyáng guāng qīng cǎo yòu dào chù shēngzhǎng jǐn zài lín yìn dào shàngér qiě zài shí bǎn féng fán shì qīng cǎo méi yòu chú jìn de fāng piàn cuì shēng 'àng ránhuà shùyáng shù chóu fēn fēn chōu chū fēn fāng de nián chóu nèn shù shàng zhàng liè de xīn hán què gǎn dào chūn tiān jīng lái líndōuzài huān zhù cháojiù lián cāng yíng dōubèi yáng guāng zhào nuǎn qiáng jiǎo xià yīng yīng wēng wēng sāo dònghuā cǎo shù hǎoniǎo què kūn chóng hǎoér tóng hǎoquándōu huān huān shēng péng wéi rénwéi chéng nián rénquè zhí zài rénzhé zhé bié rén men rèn wéi shén shèng 'ér zhòng yào de shì zhè chūn rén de zǎo chén shì shàng wéi zào zhòng shēng suǒ chuàng zào de rén jiān de měi zhǒng shǐ wàn xiàng píngxié diào 'ài de měi men rèn wéi shén shèng 'ér zhòng yào deshì men míng de tǒng zhì bié rén de zhǒng zhǒng shǒu duàn
   jiù yīn wéi zhè yuán shěng jiān bàn gōng shì guān yuán rèn wéi shén shèng 'ér zhòng yào de shì fēi qín zǒu shòu nán lǎo yòu dōuzài xiǎng shòu de chūn huān men rèn wéi shén shèng 'ér zhòng yào deshì zuó tiān jiē dào de fèn biān hào gài yìnxiě míng 'àn yóu de gōng wéngōng wén zhǐ dìng jīn tiān yuè 'èr shí shàng jiǔ shí qián sān míng shòu guò zhēn xùn de zài fàn nán liǎng jièsòng yuàn shòu shěn zhōng míng de shì zhù fàn dān yājiè sòng shěnyóu jiē dào zhè zhāng chuán piàojīn chén shí jiān kānshǒu cháng zǒu jìn yòu 'àn yòu chòu de jiān zǒu láng hòu miàn gēn zhe miàn róng qiáo cuìquán huā bái de rénshēn chuān xiù kǒu xiāng jīn tāo deyāo shù gēn lán biān dài zhè shì kānshǒu
  “ nín shì yào luò ?” tóng zhí bān de kānshǒu lái dào jiān zhí tōng zǒu láng de láo fáng mén kǒuwèn kānshǒu cháng shuō
   zhí bān de kānshǒu kuāng lāng shēng kāi liǎo tiě suǒ kāi láo mén zǒu láng gèng nán wén de 'è chòu cóng miàn chōng liǎo chū láikānshǒu yāo dào
  “ luò guò táng !” suí yòu dài shàng láo ménděng dài zhe
   jiān yuàn kōng jiù jiào xīn xiān shuǎng kuài xiē shì cóng tián shàng chuī lái dedàn jiān zǒu láng què màn zhe lìng rén zuò 'ǒu de zhuó kōng miàn chōng mǎn shāng hán jūn fèn biànméi jiāo yóu méi làn pǐn de chòu wèi lùn shuí jìn lái huì gǎn dào mèn sàng kānshǒu suī wén guàn zhè zhǒng zhuó kōng dàn cóng yuàn jìn lái miǎn liǎo yòu zhè yàng de gǎn jué jìn zǒu lángjiù jué hún shēn hūn hūn shuì
   láo fáng chuán chū rén de shuō huà shēng guāng jiǎo bǎn de zǒu shēng
  “ wèi luò kuài diǎn 'érbié cèng cèng detīng jiàn méi yòu!” kānshǒu cháng duì zhe láo mén hèdào
   guò liǎo liǎng fēn zhōng guāng jǐng 'ér gāoxiōng fēng mǎn de nián qīng rénshēn chuān bái bái qúnwài miàn tào zhe jiàn huī qiú páo zǒu chū láo fángmǐn jié zhuǎn guò shēn zài kàn shǒu cháng bàng biān zhàn zhùzhè rén jiǎo chuān wài tào qiú fàn chuān de mián xiétóu shàng zhā zhe kuài bái tóu jīnxiǎn rán yòu ràng liǔ hēi de quán cóng tóu jīn chū lái de liǎn cháng cāng báifǎng chǔ cún zài jiào de dòu de xīn shì cháng zuò láo de rén de tōng bìng shuāng duǎn 'ér kuò de shǒu hècóng qiú páo kuān lǐng kǒu chū lái de fēng mǎn shì yàng cāng bái shuāng yǎn jīngzài cāng bái guāng de liǎn páng chèn tuō xiàxiǎn wài hēi liàngsuī rán yòu diǎn zhǒngdàn shí fēn líng huó zhōng zhǐ yǎn jīng shāo wēi yòu diǎn xié shì tǐng zhí shēn zhàn zhefēng mǎn de xiōng gāo gāo lóng lái dào zǒu láng wēi wēi yǎng tóudīng zhù kānshǒu cháng de yǎn jīngxiàn chū wéi mìng shì cóng de yàng kānshǒu cháng gāng yào guān mén méi dài tóu jīn de báifà lǎo tài cóng láo fáng tàn chū zhāng yán cāng bái 'ér mǎn shì zhòu wén de liǎn láilǎo tài duì luò shuō liǎo huàkānshǒu cháng jiù duì zhe lǎo tài de nǎo dài tuī shàng láo mén men kāi liǎoláo fáng xiǎng liǎo rén de hōng xiào shēng luò wēi wēi xiàoxiàng láo mén shàng zhuāng yòu tiě shān de xiǎo chuāng dòng zhuǎn guò liǎn lǎo tài zài miàn còu jìn chuāng dòng zhe sǎng shuō
  “ qiān wàn bié gēn men duō luó suōyǎo dìng liǎo bié gǎi jiù xíng liǎo。”
  “ zhǐ yào yòu jié jiù xíng huì xiàn zài gèng zāo de,” luò huàng liǎo huàng nǎo dàishuō
  “ jié dāng rán zhǐ yòu huì yòu liǎng ,” kānshǒu cháng shàyǒu jiè shì bǎi chū zhǎngguān de jià shì shuōxiǎn rán wéi shuō hěn qiào 。“ gēn láizǒu!”
   lǎo tài de yǎn jīng cóng chuāng dòng xiāo shī liǎo luò lái dào zǒu láng zhōng jiāngēn zài kānshǒu cháng hòu miàn zǒu zhe men zǒu xià shí lóu jīng guò jiān gèng chòu gèng nàoměi chuāng dòng dōuyòu yǎn jīng dīng zhe men de nán jiānzǒu jìn bàn gōng shìbàn gōng shì yòu liǎng chí qiāng de sòng bīng děng zhezuò zài de wén shū fèn yān wèi hěn zhòng de gōng wén jiāo gěi sòng bīngshuō
  “ dài !”
   sòng bīng shì xià chéng de nóng mínhóng liǎnyòu gōng wén zài jūn fān xiù guāng duì zhe fànxiào xiàng quán hěn gāo de chǔ shí tóng bàn yǎnzhè liǎng shì bīng zhe fàn zǒu xià tái jiēxiàng mén kǒu zǒu
   mén shàng de shàn biàn mén kāi liǎoliǎng shì bīng zhe fàn chuān guò zhè dào mén zǒu dào yuàn zài zǒu chū wéi qiánglái dào shí chéng de jiē shàng
   chē xiǎo diàn lǎo bǎnchú niàngōng rénguān fēn fēn zhàn zhùhàoqí dǎliang zhe fànyòu rén yáo yáo tóuxīn xiǎng:“ qiáo xiàng men yàng guī guīju zuò rénjiù huì nòng dào zhè xià chǎng!” hái men kǒng wàng zhe zhè qiáng dàowéi fàng xīn de shì bèi shì bīng zhe rán zài gànhuàishì liǎo xiāng xià rén mài diào liǎo méi tànzài chá guǎn gòu liǎo cházǒu dào shēn biānhuà liǎo shí sòng gěi fàn liǎn hóng liǎo xià tóuzuǐ nán nán shuō liǎo shénme
   fàn chá jué xiàng shè lái de dào dào guāngbìng zhuǎn guò tóuquè qiāoqiāo xié zhe xiē xiàng zhù shì de rén jiā zài zhù jué gāo xīngzhè de kōng láo fáng qīng shuǎng xiēdài yòu chūn tiān de zhè shǐ gāo xīng guò hǎo jiǔ méi yòu zài shí shàng xíng zǒuzhè huì 'ér yòu chuānzhuó bèn zhòng de qiú xié de jiǎo gǎn dào téng tòng qiáo qiáo de shuāng jiǎojié zǒude qīng diǎn men jīng guò jiā miàn fěn diàndiàn mén qián yòu duō yáo yáo bǎi bǎi zǒu lái zǒu méi yòu rén lái rǎo men fàn de jiǎo chàdiǎn 'ér pèng dào zhǐ huī zhǐ pāi pāi chì bǎng fēi láicóng fàn 'ěr biān fēi guògěi sòng lái zhèn qīng fēng fàn wēi wēi xiàojiē zhe xiǎng dào de chǔjìng jìn cháng tàn liǎo shēng
shǒuyè>> wénxué>> 现实百态>> 列夫·托尔斯泰 Leo Tolstoy   俄罗斯 Russia   俄罗斯帝国   (1828年9月9日1910年11月20日)